夜雨聆风学习资料网 资料列表 开通 VIP 用登录 / 注册 ⌄
PDF

1_专题考点精析(1)_2023版教学资源包_2023版新高考版高考总复习英语5·3A版_11_专题十一推测词义_6_专题考点精析

查看资料信息、公开预览和下载状态。

共 2 页PDF · 386.3KB
下载

文档在线预览

公开展示前 1 页
100%
1
《1_专题考点精析(1)_2023版教学资源包_2023版新高考版高考总复习英语5·3A版_11_专题十一推测词义_6_专题考点精析》第1页预览

本文档共 2 页 剩余 1 页未展示,请下载后查阅

下载

文档文本内容

专题十一 猜测词义 57
专题十一 猜测词义
一种重复说明或定义 通过阅读定义和解释部分 读者便可
。 ,
理解该词的基本含义 线索词有that which is等
。 , , 。
典例2 Ventilation asyouknow isasystemormeans
一、猜测词义类题目常见的设问方式 , ,
of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field
1.The word ... refers to/probably means .
“ ” of engineering.
2.Theunderlinedword ... couldbestbereplacedby .
“ ” 解析 句中的“Ventilation”可能是个生词,但 is 后面是
3.What do you think the expression ... stands for
“ ” ? 对该词的明确定义。 什么系统或什么手段才能提供新鲜空
4.By saying ... we mean .
“ ” 气呢? 由此推断画线词意为“通风系统”。
5. ... asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas .
“ ” 2.依据同位语推测词义
6.Which of the following words can take the place of the
通常引出该词同位语的词或短语有 or that is in other
word ...
, ,
“ ”? words等 还有的同位语出现在括号中或破折号后 在这些
二、猜测词义类题目常用的解题方法 , 。
标记词后考生可较容易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词
(一)猜测代词指代意义 。
典例3 Before the main business of a conference
begins the chairman usually makes a short preliminary speech
, ,
or makes a few preliminary remarks. In other words he says a
,
few things by way of introduction.
解析 根据下文的线索词 In other words和其后的内容
可推断 preliminary speech 的意思是在开会之前主席所做的
一些简单的介绍,或者说是“开场白”。
典例1 (2019课标全国Ⅱ, A片段)
3.依据文章中的举例推测词义
My Favourite Books
在阅读理解中 考生可以根据文章所举的例子 从具体
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co⁃author of the , ,
到一般 推断出该生词的意思
This Book Will series 系列 of lifestyle books. Here she picks , 。
( ) 典例4 Thecoursegivesyouchancestoknowgreat power
her top reads.
polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study
Matilda
particular issuessuchasrelationshipamongcountriesintheEuropean
Roald Dahl
Union third world debt local and international disagreement and
IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoald , , ,
the work of such international bodies as the United Nations the
Dahl􀆳s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange ,
EuropeanUnion NATO andtheWorldBank.
and delightful worlds. Matilda􀆳s battles with her cruel parents , ,
解析 根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子可推断句中
and the bossyheadmistress MissTrunchbull areequallyfunny
, ,
and frightening but they􀆳re also aspirational. 的issues 应该是指“议题”。
,
Who does I refer to in the text 4.依据对比关系或比较关系的词语推测词义
“ ” ?
A.Stephen King. B.Gillian Flynn. 当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时 往往会运用对比
,
C.Jo Usmar. D.Roald Dahl. 的手法 即运用有对比关系的词语 例如反义词 也可以暗示出
, , ,
解析 根据第一段可知本文是作者Jo Usmar的书评。 再根 生词的含义 能体现对比关系或比较关系的词汇很多 主要有
。 ,
but yet however while unlike instead like similarly on the
据文中“I oncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoald , , , , , , , ,
contrary in contrast to等 标点符号中的分号也可表示对比
Dahl􀆳swritingandit gaveme...”可推断出“I”指代的具体人物。 , 。 。
答案 C 典例5 Green loves to talk and his brothers are
,
(二)猜测画线单词或短语含义 similarly loquacious.
1.依据定义推测词义 解析 该句中的副词 similarly 表明 loves to talk 和
在许多情况下 文章的作者估计某个词一般读者不熟 loquacious 之间是比较关系,其意义相近。 由此可推断出
,
悉 则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释 这种解释可能是 loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。
, 。
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋58 5年高考3年模拟 A版 高考英语
5.依据构词法推测词义 步推断画线短语的意思与“说服”或“劝说”相关;再根据下文
分析复合词 如果一个生词是由两个或两个以上的单词 作者为打感情牌所列举的种种困难以及关键信息“Alright.
:
构成的复合词 可以从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上 Yes, I􀆳ll do it.”可推断出“我”成功地触动了对方的心弦。
,
下文推测出该词的意思 考生同时要了解其他构词法知识 答案 B
。 。
典例6 Do you have any strong opinion on co⁃ (三)句意猜测题
educational or single⁃sex schools 1.根据上下文,利用顺向或反向关系推测句子的含义
?
解析 根据词根educational (教育的),结合前缀co⁃(共 典例10 Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless
同,一起)和 single⁃sex schools,可推测 co⁃educational 的意思 every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail
是“男女同校的”。 lounge. Hiltonisbuildingitsownhotelthere whichyoumaybe
,
6.依据上下文语境,通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义 sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars the Lear
,
词、反义词推测词义 Lounge the Banquo Banqueting Room and so forth and will
, , ,
典例7 Isitpossibletobeathighbloodpressurewithout be very expensive.
By saying Stratford cries poor traditionally the author
drugs The answer is yes according to the researchers at “ ”,
? “ ”, implies that .
Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers.
A.Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects
解析 根据andthreeothermedicalcenters这种并列关系
B.Stratford has long been in financial difficulties
可推断“Johns Hopkins”是一家医疗中心。
C.the town is not really short of money
7.依据因果关系推测词义
D.the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
因果关系是一种常见的 行之有效的提供生词词义信息
、 解析 推测“Stratford cries poor traditionally”的暗含意
的逻辑关系 一定的原因会导致一定的结果 某一结果总是
。 , 义,不能只看画线句本身,要结合语境看作者的主要意图是
由某种或某些原因引起的 作者在叙述原因的过程中就必
。 什么。 原句说Stratford小镇经常哭穷,但根据Nevertheless可
然会把词或句子置于因果关系中 常见的表示因果关系的
。 判断出前后句之间是相反关系,因而判定画线句与下文语义
词汇有 since as because for so thus consequently therefore
, , , , , , , , 相反,即可根据反向关系推测前文所说情况并非真实,即小
hence due to result in result from as a result for this reason
, , , , , , 镇并非真的穷。 下文的具体内容也印证了这一点,如“Hilton
accordingly so that so...that such...that等
, , , 。 is buildingitsownhotelthere”“andwillbeveryexpensive”,由
典例8 I feel that since you are my superior it would
, 此可知小镇在建设希尔顿酒店并且装修非常昂贵,说明小镇
be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do. 并不是真的穷。
The word presumptuous in the sentence is closest in
“ ” 答案 C
meaning to .
“ ” 2.结合主语,寻找对应结构来推测句子的含义
A.full of respect B.too confident and rude
典例11 Whatever happenedtothedeathofnewspapers
C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet ?
解析 根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容(既然你 A year ago the end seemed near. The recession 经济衰退
( )
threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not
是我的上司),可以推断出“presumptuous”的意思为“自负的,
already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco
放肆的”。
Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America􀆳s Federal
答案 B
Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save
8.利用上下文来推测词义
newspapers.
典例9 (2019课标全国Ⅱ,B片段)
By saying Newspapers like...their own doom. the author
“ ”,
I guess that there􀆳s probably some demanding work indicates that newspapers .
schedule or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an A.neglected the sign of crisis
,
unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try B.failed to get state subsidies
againandtugattheheartstrings. Imentionthesingleparentwith C.were not charitable corporations
four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a D.were in a desperate situation
team that his kids aren􀆳t even on...At this point the unwilling 解析 解答该题的关键在于抓住描述的对象即报纸。
parent speaks up Alright. Yes I􀆳ll do it.
, “ , ”
首先,确定定位的对象发生了什么事,结合上下文谈及报纸
What does the underlined phrase tug at the heartstrings
“ ” 的句子“Whatever happened to the death of newspapers?”和
in paragraph mean
2 ? “how to save newspapers”可知,本段说明报纸面临灭亡的命
A.Encourage teamwork. B.Appeal to feelings.
运,在讨论如何拯救它们。 所以这句话也应在谈论报纸的命
C.Promote good deeds. D.Provide advice.
运问题,而且意思应该是一致的。
解析 根据逻辑信号词“So”和关键词“persuading”可初
答案 D
􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋􀪋