初中英语全部知识点总结( 打印
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初一年级（上）
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. Sit down
2. on duty
3. in English
4. have a seat
5. at home
6. look like
7. look at
8. have a look
9. come on
10. at work
11. at school
12. put on
13. look after
14. get up
15. go shopping
II. 重要句型
1. help sb. do sth.
2. What about…
3. Let’s do sth.
4. It’s time to do sth.
5. It’s time for …
6. What’s… It is…/ It’s…
7. Where is… It’s….
8. How old are you I’m….
9. What class are you in I’m in….
10. Welcome to….
11. What’s …plus… It’s….
12. I think…
13. Who’s this This is….
14. What can you see I can see….
15. There is (are) ….
16. What colour is it (are they) It’s (They’re)…
17. Whose …is this It’s….
18. What time is it It’s….
III. 交际用语
1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….
2. Hello! Hi!
3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.
4. How are you I’m fine, thank you/thanks.
And you
5. See you. See you later.
6. Thank you! You’re welcome.
7. Goodbye! Bye!
8. What’s your name My name is ….
9. Here you are. This way, please.
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10. Who’s on duty today
11. Let’s do.
12. Let me see.
IV. 重要语法
1. 动词be 的用法；
2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；
3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；
4. 冠词的基本用法；
5. There be 句型的用法。
【名师讲解】
1. in/on
在表示空间位置时，in 表示在某个空间的
范围以内，on 表示在某一个物体的表面之
上。例如：
There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。
There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张
图。
2. this/that/these/those
(1)this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近
讲话人的人和事，these 是this 的复数
形式。that 常常用来指在时间、地点上
离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those 时
that 的复数形式。例如：
You look in this box and I’ll look in that
one over there.你看看这个盒子，我去
看那边的那个盒子。
I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小
汽车，不是那一辆。
Take these books to his room, please. 请
把这些书拿到他房间去。
This is mine; that’s yours. 这个是我的，那
个是你的。
These are apples; those are oranges. 这些
是苹果，那些是橘子。
(2)在打电话的用语中，this 常常指的是
我，that 常常指的是对方。例如：
This is Mary speaking. Who’s that 我是玛
丽。你是谁
3. There be/ have
There be "有"，其确切含意为"某处或
某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是：There be
+ 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。
There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动
词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be 动
词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，
名词是复数时用are。例如：
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(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the
table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。
(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里
有个娃娃。
(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那
树上有许多苹果。
总之，There be 结构强调的是一种客观
存在的"有"。have 表示"拥有，占有，具有
"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主
语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。
例如：
(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我
有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。
(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有
四个房间。
4. look/ see/ watch
(1)look 表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调
看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一
定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：
Look! The children are playing computer
games. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。
Look! What’s that over there 看！那边那个
是什么
单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，
其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如：
He’s looking at me。他正在看着我。
(2)see 强调“看”的结果，着重的是look 这个动
作的结果，意思是“看到”，see 是及物动词，后面
能直接跟宾语。如：
What can you see in the picture 你能在图上
看到什么
Look at the blackboard. What did you see on
it 看黑板！你看到了什么
(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全
神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调
过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：
Yesterday we watched a football match on
TV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。
4. put on/ / in
put on 意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一
动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。
in 是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以
做定语、标语和状语。如：
It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿
上你的外衣。
He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽
子，走了出去。
The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.
穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John 的妈妈。
5. house/ home/family
house ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物;
Home: “家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居
住的地方; Family: “家庭“，“家庭成员”。
例如：
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Please come to my house this afternoon.
今天下午请到我家来。
He is not at home. 他不在家。
My family all get up early. 我们全家都
起得很早。
6. fine, nice, good, well
四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意，但前三者
既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主
要区别在于：
(1) fine 指物时表示的是质量上的"精细"，
形容人时表示的是"身体健康"，也
可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如：Your
parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健
康。That's a fine machine. 那是一台很好
的机器。It's a fine day for a walk today.
今天是散步的好时候。
(2)nice 主要侧重于人或物的外表，有"美好
"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别
人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很
漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子
很好看。Nice to meet you. 见到你很高
兴。It's very nice of you. 你真好。
(3)good 形容人时指"品德好"，形容物时指"
质量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普
通用语。例如：Her son is a good student.
她儿子是一个好学生。The red car is very
good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。
(4)well 只可用来形容人的"身体好"，但不能
作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在
所修饰的动词之后。例如：I'm very well,
thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。My friends
sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在：
1. 动词be 的用法；
2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；
3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；
4. 冠词的基本用法；
5. There be 句型的用法。
6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文
填空、完成句子。
【中考范例】
1. (2004 年北京市中考试题)
Mary, please show ________ your picture.
A. my B. mine C. I D. me
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是人称
代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show
后面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称代词的宾
格me 作宾语。
2. (2004 年上海市徐汇区中考试题)
_________ orange on the desk is for you,
Mike.
A. A C. / D. The
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【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是冠词
的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘
子，所以用定冠词the。
3. (2004 年哈尔滨市中考试题)
---What _______ the number of the girls in
your class
---About twenty.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是动词
be 的用法和主谓一致。the number 作主
语，应该是单数第三人称，动词be 变为
is。
4. (2004 年陕西省中考试题)
There _______ a football match on TV this
evening.
A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is
going to have
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是
There be…句型和动词have 用法区别。
There be 句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在
某个人或物”，不能和动词have 混在一起
用。
【满分演练】
一. 单项填空
1. ---What colour is the bike
---It’s _______ orange.
A. an B. a C. / D. the
2. That isn’t her bag. It’s ________.
A. my B. I C. mine D. me
3. ---Oh, your kite is very nice.
---__________________.
A. That’s right B. No, it’s not nice C. Yes, it
is D. Thank you
4. The woman is sixty, but she _______ young.
A. is B. sees C. looks D. watches
5. It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go home.
A. to B. in C. for D. on
6. ---________ is your coat
---The black one.
A. What B. Where C. Which D. How
7. ---________ is the toy
---It’s on the bed.
A. Who B. Where C. What D. Whose
8. The shoes are too old. Put ________ over
there.
A. it B. they C. their D. them
9. Excuse me. Can you _______ my watch,
please
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A. look B. look like C. look after D. look at
10. Look _______ the blackboard and listen
_______ the teacher.
A. / / B. at; to C. after; / D. on; after
11. ---Whose dress is this
---It’s _________.
A. Lucy B. Lucy’s C. Jim D. Jim’s
12. The girl ______ the purple coat is his sister.
A. at B. in C. on D. with
13. There is a bird ______ the tree.
A. in B. on C. to D. of
14. There are many ________ in our school.
A. woman teachers B. woman teacher
C. women teacher D. women teachers
15. ---Is there a ball under the desk
---______________________.
A. Yes, it is B. Yes, there’s
C. No, there isn’t D. No, there is
16. There _______ some books and a pencil
on the desk.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
17. ---Let me help you.
---_______________.
A. You’re welcome B. Thanks very much
C. Don’t worry D. Yes, thanks
18. ______ old man is ______ English teacher.
A. The; an B. An; an C. The; the D. A; a
19. ---What _____ five plus six
---It’s eleven.
A. am B. is C. are D. /
20. ---What ______ you see in the picture
---I can see some flowers.
A. must B. can C. are D. do
二. 完形填空
This is a picture of Kat’s ____1____. What
can we ____2_____ in the picture Look
____3____ it, please. The man ____4____ the
black coat is Kate’s father, Mr. Green. The
____5____ in the red sweater is Mrs. Green.
They ____6____ young. The baby is Kate. The
little boy is Kate’s ____7_____, Jim. ___8____
the man behind Mrs. Green Oh, he’s
____9___ brother, Mr. Read. He ____10____
young, too.
1. A. families B. family C. parents D.
brothers
2. A. look B. do C. see
3. A. at B. after C. for D. up
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4. A. on B. of C. in D. to
5. A. man B. girl C. women D. woman
6. A. are B. is C. look like D. looking
7. A. sister B. brother C. father D. aunt
8. A. What’s B. Where’s C. Who’s D. How
is
9. A. his B. her C. our D. their
10. A. looks B. am C. look D. very
三. 在B 栏中找出A 栏英语句子的正确答语
(A) (B)
1. How are you A. I am in Row 6.
2. Can you spell it, please B. Fine, thank
you.
3. How do you do C. Yes, b-o-o-k,
book.
4. What row are you in D. It is ten.
5. What’s two plus eight E. Nice to meet
you, too.
6. Nice to meet you. F. I am 14.
7. How old are you G. Wang Ping is.
8. Who’s not here H. It’s here.
9. Where is the bag I. It’s a book.
10. What is this in English J. How do you
do
四. 完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正
确的填入空白处
Jim: Excuse me, Ann. Whose black dog is
this Is it yours
Ann: Let me have a . I think it’s Sam’s. My
dog is brown.
Jim: Sam, look at the dog behind the
Sam: Sorry, it isn’t mine. My dog is black
and white. I think it looks like Mary’s.
Jim: _____________3______________
Sam: She’s my friend. Look! She’s over
there. Let’s go and ask her.
Jim: _______________4_______________.
Sam: Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours
Mary: _______________5_______________.
Sam: It’s a lovely dog! Don’t lose it!
Mary: Yes, thank you.
A. Who’s Mary
B. OK, let’s go
C. Oh, no it’s not mine
D. Oh, yes. It’s mine
E. Is it yours
五. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. ________ (He) pen is in ______ (I) pencil-box.
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2. ________ (You) shoes ________ (be) under
the bed.
3. ________ (Who) new ruler is this
4. ---Are these trousers _______ (you)
---No, they aren’t ________ (we)
5. It’s time ________ (go) and play games.
6. This is my pen. Please give it to ________ (I).
7. I have two ________ (baby).
8. Look! That is a ________ (China) car.
9. It is __________ (my teacher) sweater.
10. Now her ________ ( parent) are in
America.
六. 阅读理解
(A)
Bob was born in a big and rich family. His
father is a university professor. He teaches
American history. His mother is a very
capable woman. She is the manager of a big
company. She earns a lot of money, of
course. Bob has two sisters and a brother.
His elder sister, Jenny, is fourteen. She
studies in a middle school. His younger
sister, Ann, is ten. She studies in a private
primary school. She has a very good
memory. She is clever. His younger brother,
Dick, is only six. He has just started going to
school. Bob gets on well with his family. He
is on good terms not only with his parents,
but also with his sisters and brother. (have a
friendly relationship with sb.) He is, in a word,
an apple in their eyes.
根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正误：正
确地答“A”，错误的答“B”。
1. Bob was born in a small and rich family.
2. He has two brothers and a sister.
3. There are five people in his family.
4. Dick is only six. He studies in a private
primary school.
5. “He is an apple in their eyes” means “They
love him very much”.
(B)
Look at the clothes line in the twins' bedroom.
There are some clothes on it. You can see a green
blouse and a yellow skirt. The trousers on the
clothes line are black. They are not new but clean.
Are they Lily's clothes No. I know they are Lucy's.
Lily's clothes are on a clothes tree near the window.
Her trousers are brown, her blouse is white and
her skirt is blue. There is a new hat on the clothes
tree, but it's not Lily's, it's Lucy's. There is an old
hat on Lucy's bed in the room, it's Lily's. There are
no clothes on the other bed, the bed is Lily's.
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1. What can you see in the bedroom I can see
__________.
A. a clothes line B. a tree C. a bed
2. What colour are Lucy's trousers They are
________.
A. green B. black C. brown
3. Where is Lucy's hat It's on _________.
A. the clothes tree B. the clothes line C. lily's
bed
4. How many beds are there in the room ________.
A. only one B. three C. two
5. Are there any things on Lily's bed ________.
A. Yes, there is a hat on it
B. No, there is not anything on it
C. Sorry, I don't know
(C)
It's a fine Sunday morning. Ann and her
mother are in a big bus. There are many people in
it. Some of them come from America, and some
come from England and Canada. They are all their
friends. They are going to the Great Wall.
There are two Chinese in the bus. One is
woman. She is driving the bus. The other is a
young man. He speaks good English. He is now
talking about the Great Wall. The other people are
all listening to him. They like the Great Wall. They
want to see it very much.
1. Ann and mother are going to the Great
Wall __________.
A. by bike B. by car C. by plane D. by bus
2. There are __________.
A. only one Chinese in the bus B. only two
Chinese in the bus
C. only two Chinese on the bike D. only one
Chinese in the car
3. The driver is __________.
A. a man B. a woman C. a Canadian D. an
American
4. The people __________.
A. are singing B. are talking C. are listening
D. are looking at the wall
5. They __________.
A. can see the Great Wall B. can
speak English very well. C. want to talk with the
man very much D. want to see the Great Wall very
much
初一年级（下）
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. a bottle of
2. a little
3. a lot (of)
4. all day
5. be from
6. be over
11
7. come back
8. come from
9. do one’s homework
10. do the shopping
11. get down
12. get home
13. get to
14. get up
15. go shopping
16. have a drink of
17. have a look
18. have breakfast
19. have lunch
20. have supper
21. listen to
22. not…at all
23. put…away
24. take off
25. throw it like that
26. would like
27. in the middle of the day
28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening
29. on a farm
30. in a factory
II. 重要句型
1. Let sb. do sth.
2. Could sb. do sth.
3. would like sth.
4. would like to do sth.
5. What about something to eat
6. How do you spell …
7. May I borrow…
III. 交际用语
1. —Thanks very much!
—You're welcome.
2. Put it/them away.
3. What's wrong
4. I think so.
I don't think so.
5. I want to take some books to the
classroom.
6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.
Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.
9. What's your favourite sport
10. Don't worry.
’m (not) good at basketball.
12. Do you want a go
13. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.
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14. Do you have a dictionary / any
dictionaries
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
15. We / They have some CDs.
We / They don’t have any CDs.
16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow
---It’s Monday.
17. ---May I borrow your colour pens,
please
---Certainly. Here you are.
18. ---Where are you from
---From Beijing.
19. What's your telephone number in New
York
20. ---Do you like hot dogs
---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very
much.)
---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)
21. ---What does your mother like
---She likes dumplings and vegetables
very much.
22. ---When do you go to school every day
---I go to school at 7:00 every day.
23. ---What time does he go to bed in the
evening
---He goes to bed at 10:00.
IV. 重要语法
1.人称代词的用法；
2. 祈使句；
3. 现在进行时的构成和用法；
4．动词have 的用法；
5．一般现在时构成和用法；
6．可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法
【名师讲解】
1. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.
That’s right 意为“对的”，表示赞同对方
的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判
断。例如：
"I think we must help the old man.""我想
我们应该帮助这位老人。"
"That's right."或 "You're right.""说得对
"。
That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关
系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例
如：
"Many thanks." "That's all right."
"Sorry. It's broken." "That's all right."
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All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意
对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示
“身体很好”
"Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我。
""All right.""好吧。"Is your mother all right 你妈
身体好吗
2. make/do
这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却
不同，不能混用。make 指做东西或制东
西，do 指做一件具体的事。
Can you make a paper boat for me 你能
为我做个纸船吗
He’s doing his homework now.他正在做
他的作业。
3. say/speak/talk/tell
say：是最口语化的最普通的一个
词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。
如：
“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他
说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”
Please say it in English .请用英语说。
speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不
着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词
(即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 。如：
Can you speak about him 你能不能说说
他的情况
I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这
样说话。
speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种
语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的
能力。如：
She speaks English well.她英语说得好。
talk : 与 speak 意义相近，也着重说
话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一
般也只用作不及物动词， 不过，talk 暗
示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，
着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：
I would like to talk to him about it . 我想
跟他谈那件事。
Old women like to talk with children.老年
妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。
tell : “告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后
面总接双宾语。如：
He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。
tell a lie 撒谎
tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.
Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.
4. do cooking/ do the cooking
14
do cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do
the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的
饭。cooking 为动名词，不能用作复数，但
前面可用 some, much 修饰。从do some
cooking 可引出许多类似的短语：
do some washing 洗些衣服
do some shopping 买些东西
do some reading 读书
do some writing 写些东西
do some fishing 钓鱼
从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能
用some, much 或定冠词。
go shopping 去买东西
go fishing 去钓鱼
go boating 去划船
go swimming 去游泳
5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.
like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意思
相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱
好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表
示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：
He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t
like to play football with Li Ming.
他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。
6. other/ others/ the other/ another
other 表其余的，别的，
Have you any other questions 你还有其他
问题吗？
others 别的人，别的东西
In the room some people are American,
the others are French.在屋子里一些人是
美国人,其他的是法国人。
the other 表另一个（二者之中）one…，the
other…
One of my two brothers studies English,
the other studies Chinese.
我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学
中文。
another 表三者以上的另一个，另一些
There is room for another few books on
the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。
7. in the tree/ on the tree
in the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均
为"在树上"但英语中有区别。in the tree 表
示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的
东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果
等长在树上时，要使用on the tree.如：
15
There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树
上有些苹果。
There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只
鸟。
8. some/ any
(1)some 和 any 既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不
可数名词。但有以下两点需要
注意。
some 常用于肯定句中，any 常用于否定句
和疑问句中。如：
There is some water in the glass.
Is there any water in the glass？
There isn't any water in the glass.
(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句
中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们
依然用some。如：Would you like some tea
9. tall/ high
(1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用
tall，不用high，例如 a tall woman 一个高个子
妇女 a tall horse 一个高大的马
(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用
high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞
机飞上天时，例如： He is high up in the tree.
他高高地爬在树上。 The plane is so high in
the sky. 飞机在空中这么高。
(3)指建筑物、山时要tall 或high 都可以，不过
high 的程度比tall 高。
(4)high 可作副词，tall 不能。
(5)tall 的反义词为short, high 的反义词为low.
10. can/ could
(1) can 表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客
观条件能做某种动作的"能力
"。例如：
Can you ride a bike 你会骑自行车吗
What can I do for you 要帮忙吗
Can you make a cake 你会做蛋糕吗
(2) can 用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说
话人的"怀疑""猜测"或不肯定。例如：
Where can he be 他会在什么地方呢Can the
news be true 这个消息会是真的吗It surely
can't be six o'clock already 不可能已经六点
钟了吧You can't be hungry so soon，
Tom，you've just had lunch.汤姆，你不可
能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午饭。What can
he mean 他会是什么意思
在日常会话中，can 可代替may 表示"允许
"，may 比较正式。例如：You can come in
any time.你随时都可以来。--- Can I use
your pen 我能用你的钢笔吗？--- Of
course，you can.当然可以。You can have
my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我
的座位吧。
(3) could
could 是 can 的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和
可能性（在否定和疑问句中）。例如：
The doctor said he could help him.（能力）
医生说他能帮助他。
16
Lily could swim when she was four years old.
（能力）
当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。
At that time we thought the story could be true.
（可能性）
那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。
could 可代替can 表示现在时间的动作，但语
气较为婉转。例如：
Could I speak to John，please 我能和约翰说话
吗
Could you 在口语中表示请求对方做事。例
如：
Could you wait half an hour 请你等半个小时好
吗
Could you please ring again at six 六点钟请你再
打电话好吗
(4) can 的形式只有现在式can 和过去式could
两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时
态，有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态（包括将
来时）须用be able to 加动词不定式来表示。例
如： They have not been able to come to Beijing.
他们没有能到北京来。
11. look for/ find
look for 意为“寻找”，而find 意为“找到，发
现”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注重“找”的结
果，而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：
She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子
啦。
Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t
find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找
到。
12. be sleeping/ be asleep
be sleeping 表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”；
be asleep 表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如：
---What are the children doing in the room
孩子们在房间里做什么
---They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。
The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着
了。
13. often/ usually/sometimes
often 表示"经常"，sometimes 表示"有
时候"，在表示发生频率上often 要高于
usually，usually 要高于sometimes。这
三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或
情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于主要
谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词（be 动
词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也
可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，则放在句
首。
We usually play basketball after
school.我们通常放学后打篮球。
Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，我
睡觉很早。He often reads English in
the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。
17
14. How much/ How many
how much 常用来询问某一商品的价格，常
见句式是How much is / are…
How much is the skirt 这条裙子多少钱
How much are the bananas 这些香蕉多少钱
how much 后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为
“多少“，how many 后加可数名词的复数形式。
How much meat do you want 你要多少肉呀
How many students are there in your
class 你们班有多少人
15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at
be good for 表示"对……有好处"，而be
bad for 表示"对……有害"；be good to 表示
"对……友好"，而be bad to 表示"对……不好
"；be good at 表示"擅长，在……方面做得
好"，而be bad at 表示"在……方面做得不好
"。 Doing eye exercises is good for your
eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。
Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的
太多对你的身体有害。 Miss Li is good to
all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。
The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他
的工人不好。 Li Lei is good at drawing,
but I'm bad at it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅
长。
16. each/ every
each 和every 都有"每一个"的意思，但
含义和用法不相同。each 从个体着眼，
every 从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两者
以上，every 只用于三者或三者以上。 We
each have a new book. 我们每人各有一本
新书。 There are trees on each side of the
street. 街的两旁有树。 He gets up early
every morning. 每天早晨他都起得早。
each 可以用作形容词、副词和代词；
every 只能用作形容词。Each of them
has his own duty.他们各人有各人的义
务。They each want to do something
different.他们每个人都想做不同的事
情。
17. 一般现在时/现在进行时
一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动
作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力，还
有自然现象；而现在进行时表示正在进行或
发生的动作（构成方式为am/is
/are/+doing）。
I do my homework in the evening.
我在晚上做作业。
I'm doing my homework now.
18
我现在正在做作业。
现在进行时常与now, these days, at the
moment 或Look, listen 等词连用；而一般
现在时常与often, always, sometimes,
usually, every day, in the morning, on
Mondays 等连用。
We often clean the classroom after
school.
我们经常放学后打扫教室。
Look! They are cleaning the classroom .
看！他们正在打扫教室呢。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在：
1．动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，
人称代词的用法，可数名词和不可数
名词的构成和用法。
2．本册书中常见的交际用语
3．本册书中一些重点的词组和短语
考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文
改错和短文填空。
【中考范例】
1.（2004 年安徽省中考试题）
---Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you.
---I ________ for an important phone call.
Go without me.
A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D.
waited
【解析】答案：C。表示现在正在进行的动
作，用现在进行时。
2. (2004 年长春市中考试题)
Could you help ____ with _______ English, please
A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I
【解析】答案：C。第一个空作宾语，应用人称
代词的宾格me, 第二个空作定语，应用形容词
性物主代词my。
3.(2004 年长春市中考试题)
Dr. White can _______ French very well.
A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell
【解析】答案：A。说什麽语言常用动词
speak。
4.（2004 年黄冈中考试题）
English is spoken by ______ people.A. a lot
B. much many C. a large number of D. a
great deal of
【解析】答案：C。只有a large number
of 能用来修饰复数可数名词people。
【满分演练】
19
一. 单项选择1. There is some ______ on the plate.
A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears2. Uncle
Wang wants ______ the machine like a bike. A. ride
B. riding C. rides D. to ride3. Tom usually goes to
bed ________ ten o'clock in the evening. A. at B. in
C. on D. of4. ______ picture books in class, please.
A. Not read B. No read C. Not reading D. Don't
read5. The box is too heavy. Let ________ help you
to carry it. A. we B. us C. ours D. our6. Hurry up,
______ we'll be late for the meeting. A. and B. but
C. then D. or7. People usually ______ "hello" to
each other when they make a phone call. A. say B.
speak C. tell D. talk8. Look! She ________ a kite for
her son. A. makes B. is making C. make D.
making9. These shoes are yours. Please ________. A.
put on them B. put on it C. put them on D. put it
on10. She often gets ______ very late. A. home B.
at home C. to home D. in home11. I think the
shop is closed ________ this time of day. A. in B. on
C. at D. for12. I want ______ of meat, please. A.
half kilo B. a half kilo C. half a kilo D. a kilo
half13. --- Is this black ruler ________ --- No. It's
________. A. yours, his B. your, his C. yours, him D.
you, he14. ________ book on the desk is a useful
（重要的）one. A. A B. An C. The D. /15.
Grandma is ill. We have to take her to the ________.
A. farm B. post office C. hotel D. hospital16. Liu
Mei often helps her mother ________ housework. A.
does B. do D. to doing17. We watch evening
news on ________ at 7:00 in the evening. A. CCTV
B. CAAC C. WTO D. MTV18. There ________ a box
of apples on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D.
have19. Would you like ________ with me A. go B.
to go C. going D. goes20. Sometimes his brother
________ TV after supper. A. watch B. sees C.
watches D. is watching
二. 填空
A. 根据句义和首字母写出所缺的单词
1. Kate's glass is empty. She wants a
f______ one.2. I think my father can help
you m______ your broken bike.3. I have
two pencils. One is short, the other is
l______.4. Please open the w______. It's
getting hot here.5. Something is w______
with my bike. May I borrow yours
B. 根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填
空1. There are some ________ there,
talking loudly. (woman)2. This blouse
isn't hers. It's ________. (my)3. The people
on the farm are very ________. (friend)4.
Do you know ________ (he)5. Tom's uncle
can drive cars. He is a good ________.
(drive)
C. 选词并用其适当形式填空
work, close, look, have, teacher, pen, eat,
China, play, climb
1. This is our ________ desk. Ours are over
there.
2. Bill has three ________. One is new and the
other two are old.
3. His uncle ________ very young but he is over
forty.
4. Let's ________ basketball after class.
5. Look! The cats are ________ up the trees.
20
6. The shop isn't open. It's ________.
7. My brother ________ some new picture
books.
8. In our classroom there is a large map of
________.
9. Mum, please give me something to ________.
I'm very hungry.
10. Does Mr Green like ________ in this Chinese
school
三. 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句
子完成对话
A. Please give it back soon. B. It's over
there C. Certainly. When do you want
it？D. Thank you very much.E. Black and
red, and it's not very new.
A: Excuse me, Lin Tao!
B: Yes
A: My bike is broken. Can I borrow yours
B: __1____.
A: This afternoon.
B: OK. Here's the key.
A: ____2__. But where is it
B: __3____.
A: What colour is it
B: __4____.
A: I see. I think I can find it.
B: ___5___.
A: All right. See you!
四. 完型填空
These days men and women , young and
old are ___1_____ the same kind of ___2____,
and a lot of ___3_____ have long hair（头
发）. We often can't ___4_____whether they
are boys or girls, men or women.
___5_____ old man often goes to walk in
the park. He is sitting on a chair now. A
young person is ___6_____ ___7_____ him.
"Oh, goodness!" the old man says to the
other one. "Do you ___8_____ that person
with long hair Is it a boy or a girl"
"A boy," says the other one. "He is my
son." "Oh," says the old man, "Please
____9____ me. I don't know you are his
____10____." "I'm not his mother, I'm his
father," says the other one.
1. A. having B. wearing C. putting D.
buying
2. A. clothes B. trees C. pictures D. Bags
3. A. we B. your C. them D. Theirs
4. A. talk B. teach C. say D tell
5. A. An B. A C. The D. /
21
6. A. running B. flying C. standing D.
driving
7. A. on B. beside C. in D. At
8. A. see B. watch C. look D. Read
9. A. help B. excuse C. teach D. Ask
10. A. baby B. sister C. father D. Mother
五. 阅读理解
( A )
Mr Li teaches Chinese in the USA. He
comes back to China every year. He gives us
a talk. He says," K Day in the USA is very
interesting. All children like it very much. It is
on March 7th. When you go out on that day,
you can see children running with kites in
the open air(露天). When you look up, you
can see different kites in the sky（天空）.
Some are big, and some are small. They are
in different colours. Every kite has a long
string(长线). The children begin to run when
they get the kites up. Every child has a good
time that day.1. Mr Li is _______________. He
works in the USA. A. a worker B. an English
teacher C. a doctor D. a Chinese teacher2.
Mr Li says something about _______________.
A. how to study English B. K Day in the USA
C. his work in the USA D. playing in the
open air3. March 7th is _________________. A.
Children's Day B. Teachers' Day C. K Day D.
Tree planting Day(植树节)4. Every kite has
_____________________. A. a short string B. a
long string C. the same colour D. the same
size(大小)5. There are _______________ kites in
the sky on that day. A. all kinds of B. one
kind of C. three kinds of D. three
( B )
Paula
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Get up
7:10 .
7:10 .
7:10 .
7:10 .
morning
school
school
school
school
lunch
pizza
rice
rice
rice
afternoon
Yo-yo
Table-tennis
Table-tennis
Table-tennis
f
evening
homework
homework
television
homework
Go to sleep
10:15 .
10:15 .
10:15 .
10:15 .
根据表格内容选择最佳答案。
6. On _______________, Paula usually gets up
at 7:10 am.A. Thursdays B. Wednesdays
C. weekdays D. weekends
7. Pizza is a kind of _________________.A. drink
B. fruit C. toy D. food
8. Paula's favourite sport is
_________________.A. volleyball B. table-
tennis C. yo-yo D. football
22
9. On Wednesday evenings Paula usually
___________________.A. watches TV B.
does her homework
C. washes her clothes D. goes to see her
friends
10. Which is wrong？A. Paula goes to school
from Monday to Friday.B. Paula goes to
bed after ten o'clock.C. Paula has sports in
the afternoon.D. Paula usually has Pizza
for lunch.
六. 根据中文提示和英文词语提示，写出意
思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段：（所有英文
提示语必须用上。
这位老人来自悉尼。他很热爱中国。他
现在在北京教英语。他喜欢在北京工作。
1. this, man, come, Sydney2. he, China, very
much3. now, teach, in Beijing4. he, say,
Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here
初二年级（上）
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. on time
2. best wishes
3. give a talk
4. for example
5. short for
6. a waste of time
7. go on a field trip
8. go fishing
9. I agree
10. next week
11. the day after tomorrow
12. have a picnic
13. have some problems doing sth.
14. go the wrong way
15. hurry up
16. get together
17. in the open air
18. on Mid-Autumn Day
19. come over
20. have to
21. get home
22. agree with
23. in the country
24. in town
25. all the same
26. in front of
27. on the left/right side
23
28. next to
29. up and down
30. keep healthy
31. grow up
32. at the same time
33. the day before yesterday
35. last Saturday
36. half an hour ago
37. a moment ago
38. just now
39. by the way
40. all the time
41. at first
II. 重要句型
1. have fun doing sth.
2. Why don’t you…
3. We’re going to do sth.
4. start with sth.
5. Why not…
6. Are you going to…
7. be friendly to sb.
8. You’d better do sth.
9. ask sb. for sth.
10. say goodbye to sb.
11. Good luck(with sb)!
III. 交际用语
backto school!
me. I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic is
bad.
doesn’t matter.
Teachers’ Day !
’s a good idea.
are you going to do
are we going
are we going to do
’m good at…
’s not far from…
11. Are you free tomorrow evening
you and Lily like to come over to my
home for Mid-Autumn Festival
’m glad you can come.
for asking us.
about another one
I have a taste
me walk with you.
do you have to do
you live on a farm
do you like better, the city or the country
24
do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens
we go at ten Good idea!
’s make it half past one. ---OK.
not come a little earlier ---All right.
me. Where’s the nearest post office, please
’s over there on the right.
’m sorry I don’t know.
’d better…
you all the same.
bus do I take
along this road.
day was it yesterday
’m sorry to hear that.
hope you’re better now.
did you call me
called to tell…
IV. 重要语法
going to 的用法；
2.形容词的比较级、最高级；
3.形容词和副词的比较
4.一般过去时
【名师讲解】
1. on the street / in the street
表示“在街上”时，on the street 和 in
the street 都可以，在美国多用on the
street, 在英国多用in the street. 例如：
We have a house in the street. 我们在街
上有座房子。
I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了
他。
2. would like / like
would like 和 like 含义不同。like 意
思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而 would like 意思
是“想要”。试比较：
I like beer.=I’m fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤
酒。
I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of
beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。
Do you like going to the cinema 你喜欢
看电影吗
Would you like to go to the cinema
tonight 你今晚想去看电影吗
3. another / the other
(1)another 通常用于三个或三个以上或
不确定数量中的任意一个人或 物
体。 例如：
25
May I have another apple, please 请
在给我一个苹果好吗
This coat is too small for me. Please
show me another 这件外套我穿太
小，请再给我拿一件看看。
(2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。例
如：
He has two rulers. One is short. The
other is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短
的，另一把长的。
I have two brothers. One works in
Xi’an . The other works in Beijing. 我
有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另
一个在北京工作。
4. have to /must
(1)have to 和 must 都可以用来谈论义
务，但用法略有不同。如果某人主观
上觉得必须去做而又想去时，常用
must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义
务，常用have to。例如：
I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。
（自己想戒烟）
They have to work for the boss.
他们不得不为那个老板工作。（条件
逼得他们去工作）
(2)have to 可用于多种时态，must 只能
用于一般现在时。例如：
I’ll have to get up early tomorrow
morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。
We had to work long hours every day
in order to get more money.
为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间
地工作。
(3)用于否定句时，mustn’t 意思是“决不
能”，“禁止”，而don’t have to 意思
是“不必”，相当于needn’t。例如：
You mustn’t be late again next time.下一
次你决不能再迟到。
You don’t have to go there today. You
can go there tomorrow.
你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天
去。
5. hear sb. or sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.
hear sb. or sth.意思是“听到某人或某
物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意
思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：
26
I hear him singing an English song.听见
他在唱英歌曲。
I heard him sing an English song.我听见
他唱一首英文歌。
类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch,
listen, feel 等感官动词。
6. any /some
any 和some 都可以同不可数名词和可
数名词的复数形式连用，但some 一般用在
肯定句中；any 用在疑问句和否定句中。试
比较：
I want some money. 我想要点钱。
Have you any money 你有钱吗
I don’t have any money. 我一点钱也没
有。
some 有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人
期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例
如：
Would you like some more beer 请你再
来点啤酒好吗
Could I have some rice, please 请给我
来点米饭好吗
7. hear /listen to
listen to 和hear 都有“听”的意思，但含
义有所不同。Listen to 强调“听”的动作，
hear 强调“听”的结果。例如：
Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell you
a story. 请听我说！我给你们讲个故事。
Listen! Can you hear someone crying in
the next room 听！你能听见有人在隔壁
房间里哭吗
I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听，
但什么也听不见。
hear 后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示
“听说”。例如：
I hear some foreign students will visit our
school.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们
学校。
I hear there is going to be a film in our
school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校
要演一场电影。
8. Let’s… /Let us…
Let’s… 和Let us… 都表示“让我们……”,
如果us 包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附
带问句用shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在
内，其含义不同，Let us…的附带问句要用
will you。例如：
27
Let’s go shopping, shall we 我们去购物好
吗
9. take/ bring/ carry /get
这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但
含义有所不同。take 意为“带走”，“拿走”，
bring 意为“带来”，“拿来”, get 表示“到别的
地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry 不强
调方向，带有负重的意思。试比较：
My parents often take me there on
holidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。
I’m going to take you to Beijing.我准备
带你去北京。
Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端
杯茶来。
I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明
天我把那本书给你带来。
The waiter carried the me to the table
服务员把肉送到桌上。
The monkey carried the bag on her
back.猴子把那个包背在背上。
She went back to get her handbag.他折
回去拿他的手提包。
Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生
吧。
10. far away /faraway
(1)far away 是一个副词短语，意思是“很
远”。例如：
Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些
离得很远，有些离得近一些的。
The village is far away from here.那个村子
离这儿很远。
(2)faraway 是一个形容词，意思是“遥远
的”，可以在句中作定语。例如：
He lives in faraway mountain village.他住
在一个遥远的小山村。
11. find / look for
find 和look for 都有“找”的意思，但含
义不同。find 强调“找”的结果，而look for
强调“找”的过程。请看下列例句：
He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自
行车。
I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find
it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。
I hope you will soon find your lost ring.
希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。
另外，find 还有“发现”；“感到”等意
思。例如：
28
I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里
发现了一个钱包。
I find this book very interesting.我觉得
这本书很有意思。
12. in front of /in the front of
In front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某
物的范围内。In the front of 表示在某物的
前部，在某物的范围内。试比较：
My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在
玛丽座位的前面。
He is sitting in the front of the car with
the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。
【考点扫描】
1. be going to 的用法；
2. 形容词的比较级、最高级；
3. 形容词和副词的比较
4. 一般过去时
5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
6. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。
【中考范例】
1. (2004 年烟台市中考试题)
In the exam, the ________ you are, the
________ mistakes you’ll make.
A. carefully, little B. more carefully,
fewest
C. more careful, fewer D. more careful,
less
【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是形容
词和副词的比较以及他们的比较等级的用
法。第一个空应填形容词careful 的比较
级，因为它在句中作表语，第二个空应填
few 的比较级，因为它修饰的是复数可数名
词。
2. (2004 年河北省中考试题)
Bob never does his homework _________
Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful B. as carefully as C. carefully
D. as careful as
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是形容
词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词，因为
它修饰的是动词does。该题用的是not as+
副词+as 的结构，所以答案应是B。
3. (2004 年重庆市中考试题)
That day I saw some parents _________ at
the back of the classroom, ________ to the
teacher.
29
A. sitting, listened B. sat,
listened
C. sitting, listening D. sat,
listening
【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是see
sb. doing sth.的句型结构和分词作状语的用
法。第一个空stting 在句中作saw 的宾语补
足语，第二个空listening 做伴随状语。
4. (2004 年杭州市中考试题)
You ________ open the door before the
train gets into the station.
A. don’t have to B. mustn’t C. needn’t D.
may not
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是几个
情态动词否定式的用法区别。don’t have to
和needn’t 的意思都是“不必”，may not 的
意思是“可以不”，只有mustn’t 表示“不许”，
“禁止”。
【满分演练】
一. 单项填空
1. Welcome back ________school.
A. in B. at C. to D. on
2. Miss Gao is our new Chinese teacher
________.
A. in this term B. this term
C. on this term D. that term
3. ---I’m sorry I’m late.
---_____________.
A. OK B. It doesn’t matter
C. All right D. Thank you
4. Li Mu and Jill are talking _________where
they are going.
A. about B. to C. with D. for
5. There is very ______food in the house.
A. a few B. little C. a little D. few
6. You’d better take a raincoat ____you.
A. to B. with C. on D. for
7. The children are going to the Great Wall
______a field trip.
A. to B. with C. on D. for
8. I’m______hungry. May I have a
mooncake
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
9. I’m still hungry. I’d like _________one.
A. other B. another C. an other D. the
other
moon looks ____than the sun, but in fact
the sun is ______than the moon.
30
A. big; big B. bigger; bigger
C. small; small D. smaller;
smaller
11. I can see them_____football on the
playground.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. are
playing
12. Ji Wei runs_________than I.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest
13. I think steamed bread is ____________
hamburger.
A. more delicious than B. most delicious
than
C. more delicious to D. most delicious to
14. ---What are you going to do this
afternoon
----__________. I’m free.
A. To do my homework B. To clean my
house
C. To do some shopping D. Nothing
much
15. ---May I speak to Jack
---____________. Who’s that
A. I’m Jack B. That is Jack
is Jack speaking D. I’m Jack speaking
16. ----Why not _________ and see the play
---Good idea.
B. going C. to go D. goes
17. It’s cold outside. Please keep the
door_________.
A. close B. closing C. closes D. closed
18. My home is about two hundred
metres_____our school.
A. from B. far from C. away D. to
19. There are some apple trees ________her
house.
A. in the front of B. at the back of
C. in the middle of D. at the front of
20. Which floor do you ________
A. live B. live on C. live at D. live in
二. 完形填空
The Xingqing Palace Park（兴庆宫公
园）is __1___ park in Xi’ Saturdays or
Sundays, children like ___3___ there __4___
their parents. There they can play games.
There is a lake and a hill in the park. Today is
Sunday. Many children are playing in the
park. Look! Some children __5___ on the lake.
31
They are good __6___ it. Is the boat ___7___ a
chicken No. It looks like a duck. Some boys
are playing __8___ football on the grass(草
地)。A few boys __9___the hill over there. All
the children are having a good time. They
think playing in the park is___10___ than
having classes at school.
. bigger B. the biggest C. smaller D.
the smaller
. In B. On C. At D. With
. walking B. going C. running
. with B. for C. on D. in
. is swimming B. is boating C. are running
D. are boating
. In B. with C. from D. at
. look B. likes C. looks D. like
. a B. / C. an D. the
. are running B. are walking C. are climbing
D. are jumping
. little better B. much better C. many better
D. the best
三. 阅读理解
(A)
Mark Twain is traveling to Dijon by train.
He wants to sleep very much, so he asks the
conductor(服务员)to wake him up when the
train gets to Dijon. The he goes to sleep.
Later, when wakes up, it is early the next
morning and the train has got to Paris. He
knows at once that the conductor doesn’t
wake him up at Dijon. He is very angry. He
runs up to the conductor and says, “Why
didn’t you wake me up and put me off the
train at Dijon I am very angry about it!”
The conductor smiles and looks at him,
“Another American is more angry than you.
But you can’t see him now. I put him off the
train at Dijon last night.”
根据短文内容，判断下列各句的正误：正确
的答“A”，错误的答“B”。
1．
ark twain asks the conductor to wake
him up in Paris.
2．
he train got to Dijon at night.
32
3．
M
ark Twain was very angry with the
conductor.
4．
T
he conductor made a mistake（错误）.
He put another American off the train at
Dijon.
5．
M
ark Twain can’t see that American
because the American doesn’t like him.
(B)
The worst tourist in the world is Nicholas
Scotti of San Francisco . Once he flew from the US
to his home town in Italy to see someone at home.
The plane made a one-hour stop to get oil at
Kennedy Airport of New York. As he thought he
had arrived home, Mr Scotti got off the plane. He
thought he was in Rome .
When nobody was there to meet him, Mr
Scotti thought maybe they were held up by heavy
traffic. While looking for their addresses, Mr Scotti
found that the old "Rome" had changed a lot.
Many old buildings were replaced by high modern
ones.
He also found that many people spoke
English instead of Italian and that many street
signs were written in English.
Mr Scotti knew very little English, so he asked
a policeman(in Italian) the way to the bus station.
He happened to meet a policeman who was also
born in Italy and answered him in the same
language.
After twelve hours' traveling round on a bus,
the driver handed him over to a second policeman.
He asked the policeman why the Rome police
employed so many people as policemen speaking
English of Italian.
To get him on a plane back to San Francisco,
He was sent to the airport in a police car with
sirens(警报) on. "Look," said Scotti to his
interpreter , "I know I'm in Italy. That's how they
drive."
1. When Mr Scotti arrived at the airport, nobody
met him because ____________.A. he was in New
York B. he was in RomeC. policemen could help
him D. he was in an Italian city
2. In what direction (方向) did the plane fly when
Mr Scotti went to Italy from the US？A. To the
east. B. To the south.C. To the west D. To the
north.
3. Why was Mr Scotti so sure that he was in
Rome？A. Because he traveled a lot.B. Because
he knew little about the US.C. Because he knew
little about Italy.D. Because he didn't travel much.
4. At last Mr Scotti _________.A. knew he did
something wrong B. still thought he was C. knew
he was wrong D. knew he was home
5. Do you think many people do the same thing as
Mr Scotti did？A. Nobody but Mr Scotti made
this kind of mistake.B. Many people make this
kind of mistake.C. Few people make this kind of
mistake.D. 50% of people will make the same
mistake.
(C)
33
My wife and I stayed in London for a few
weeks last year. We went there in the autumn. We
think it is the best season to visit England. The
weather is usually quite good and there are not
too many visitors in October.
We stayed in a small restaurant in the West
End. We did most of our sightseeing on foot. We
went to look at all the places. We went shopping
and spent too much money. We liked going to the
theatre . We don't have the chance to see such
good plays (戏剧) at home. A lot of people say
English food is very bad. We didn't think so. Most
of the restaurants are French or Chinese, but we
had some very good meals.
We enjoyed our holiday very much. We want
to go there again this year. We are going to take
our umbrellas . I'm sure we'll need them
sometimes.
1. “We went shopping and spent too much
money” means _________.
A. they didn't enjoy shopping and spent too
much money
B. prices were high in EnglandC. there were so
many good things in the shops and they
bought a lotD. they liked to go shopping with
lots of money
2. They didn't have the chance to see such good
plays_________.
A. in their small restaurant B. in their home
townC. in France D. in England
3. You can get _______ in a restaurant.
A. meals B. clothes C. books D. cakes
4. I'm sure we'll need umbrellas sometimes
because__________.
A. umbrellas can be very good presents for
their friends in LondonB. it often rains in
LondonC. the English people like to bring
umbrellas with themD. the English people
protect (保护) themselves with umbrella
5. The two visitors came from________.
A. England B. France
C. America D. a country we don't know
四. 根据所给汉语完成下列英语句子
1. Yesterday afternoon Miss Li came here
_________ (向你道歉).
2. I did everything ___________ (他要求我做
的).
3. We saw the old scientist ____________ (在花
园里散步) just now.
4. My grandpa has ___________ (好记忆). He
can remember many things.
5. Do you know who _______ (发明了机器人)
6. I find ____________ (记住这些单词很难).
7. I enjoy ____________ (吃大肉).
8. Don’t stand ___________ (一直). Please give
me a hand.
9. Wang Zheng __________ (出身在)a
worker’s family.
10. ________________ (祝你们好运), all the
boys.
34
初二年级（中）
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. give a concert
2. fall down
3. go on
4. at the end of
5. go back
6. in ahurry
7. write down
8. come out
9. all the year round
10. later on
11. at times
12. ring sb. up
13. Happy New Year!
14. have a party
15. hold on
16. hear from
17. be ready
18. at the moment
19. take out
same as
21. turn over
22. get-together
23. put on
24. take a seat
25. wait for
26. get lost
27. just then
28. first of all
29. go wrong
30. make a noise
31. get on
32. get off
33. stand in line
34. at the head of
35. laugh at
36. throw about
37. in fact
38. at midnight
39. enjoy oneself
40. have a headache
41. have a cough
42. fall asleep
43. again and again
44. look over
45. take exercise
35
II. 重要句型
1. be good for sth.
2. I think …
3. I hope…
4. I love…
5. I don’t like…
6. I’m sure…
7. forget to do sth.
8. take a message for sb.
9. give sb. the message
10. help yourself to sth.
11. be famous for sth.
12. on one’s way to…
13. make one’s way to…
14. quarrel with sb.
15. agree with sb.
16. stop sb. from doing sth.
III. 交际用语
’s the weather like today
’s cold, but quite suuny.
cold it is today!
, but it’ll be warmer later on.
we make a snowman
. Come on!
New Year!
I speak to Ann, please
on, please.
a lot for inviting me to your party.
. But I’m afraid I may be a little late.
I take a message for you
’s OK. It doesn’t matter.
’m very sorry, but I can’t come.
’m sorry to hear that.
birthday!
you like ... Would you like to ...
you think ... Yes, I think so. / No, I don't think so.
you agree Yes, I agree. / No, don't really agree. I
really can't agree.
are a few / a lot of ... / on it.
do we.
'm happy you like it.
is the way to ..., please right/left at the ... crossing.
on until you reach ... can I get to ... Go
down/up/along this road.'s the matter？'ll take
you half an hour to ... 'd better catch a bus. may
be in ... Ah, so it is
must be more careful! mustn't cross the
road now. you want to cross a street, you
must wait for the green light. stand in line.
36
must wait for your turn. you don't go soon,
you'll be late. don't feel very well. head hurts.
mustn't eat anything until you see the
doctor.
's the trouble
's the matter with…
didn't feel like eating anything.
serious.
get a pain in…
problem.
this medicine three times a day.
IV. 重要语法
1. 一般过去时；
2. 反意疑问句的用法；
3. 一般将来时；
4. 感叹句；
5. 简单句的五种基本句型；
6. 情态动词can, may 和must, have to 的用
法；
7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。
【名师讲解】
1. above/ over/ on
这三个介词都表示“在……之上”，但含义
不同。on 指在某物的表面上，和某物接
触；above 指在某物的上方，不和某物接
触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over 指
在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。试比较：
There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本
书。
I raise my right hand above my head. 我
把右手高举过头。
There is a stone bridge over the river. 河
面上有座石桥。
2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，
实际上还没做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘
记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比
较：
I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他
这条消息了。
I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这
条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。
类似的词还有：remember, regret 等。
3. hope/wish
37
hope 和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意
思，但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别
如下：
(1)wish 可以用来表示不可实现的愿望；
hope 只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。
例如：
I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自
己能年轻二十岁。
I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你
能很快好起来。
I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿
天气不这麽冷。
I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能
来。
(2)wish 可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而
hope 不可以。例如：
Do you wish me to come back later 你
是否希望我再来
4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb.
or sth.
(1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人
给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可
以用来表示说话人做出的推断，意思是
“一定”，“肯定”。例如：
Be sure to lock the door when you
leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。
It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.
这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。
(2)be sure of/about sth. 可用来表示“某
人对某事有把握”。例如：
I’m sure of his success.我相信他会成
功。
I think it was three years ago, but I’m
not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事
情，但我没有把握。
5. hear from/hear of
hear 意思是“听到”，从哪里听到要用
from 来表示。例如：
I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start
out military training tomorrow.
我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。
Listen to the tape and write out what you
hear from Han Mei.
听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内
容。
hear from 还有一个意思是“收到某人的
来信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：
38
I heard from my pen friend in the last
month.
上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。
I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了
她的来信。
hear of 和和hear from 含义不同。hear
of 意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存
在），常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如：
Who is he I’ve never heard of him.他是谁
我从来没有听说过他。
I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我
从来没有听说过。
6. It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.
It’s a pleasure 这句话常用作别人向你
表示致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意
做的”。例如：
---Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地帮
助。
---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。
---Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感谢。 再见。
---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再
见。
类似的话还有 “Not at all.” “You are
welcome.” “That’s all right.”
With pleasure 也用作客气的答语，主要
用在别人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去
做的场合。例如：
---Will you please pass me the
newspaper, please
请你把报纸递给我好吗
---With pleasure.
当然可以。
7. seem/look
(1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem 暗示凭
借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断，这种判断往往
接近事实；look 着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两
者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if 从句。如：
He seems / looks (to be) very happy today.
他今天看起来很高兴。It looks (seems) as if
it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。
(2)但下列情况中只用seem 不用look：
1)后跟不定式to do 时。如：He seems to
know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。
2)在It seems that ...结构中。如：It seems
that he is happier now than yesterday.
他像比昨天高兴些了。
8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to
do/get ready for
(1)be ready to do 和be ready for…表示“已作好…
的准备”，强调状态
(2)get ready to do 和get ready for…表示“为…
做准备”，强调行为。如：
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I'm ready to do anything you want me to
do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的
事。
I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我
愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。
He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正
准备动身去东京。
Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们为
这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。
(3)be ready to do 通常可理解“乐于做某事”，
即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not
ready to do 表示
“不轻易做某事”。如：
He's usually not ready to listen to others.他
通常不轻易听从别人。
9. at table/at the table
at table 在吃饭，at the table 在桌子旁
边。例如：
The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。
Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a
book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。
10. reach, arrive/get to
三者都有"到达"之意。reach 是及物动
词，后直接加名词，get 和arrive 是不及物
动词，不能直接加名词，须借助于介词。
get to 后加名词地点，若跟副词地点时，to
去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地
方。如：
Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西
8 点前到了动物园。
When did your parents arrive in Shanghai
你父母何时到上海的？
It was late when I got home. 我到家时天色
已晚。
11. sick/ill
二者都是形容词。当“生病的，患病“之意
时，ill 只作表语，不作定语；而sick 既可
作表语也可作定语。sick 有"呕吐，恶心"的
意思，只能作表语，而ill 无此意。如： Li
Lei was ill last week. (只作表语)李磊上周生
病了。 He's a sick man. （作定语）他是病
人。不能说成：He's an ill man. My
grandfather was sick for a month last year.
（作表语）我祖父去年病了一个
月。
12. in time/on time
in time 是"及时"的意思，on time 是"准
时，按时"。如：I didn't get to the bus
stop in time. 我没有及时赶上汽车。
We'll finish our job on time. 我们要按时
完成任务。
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13. may be/maybe It may be in your
inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside
pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中
may be 是情态动词+be 动词构成的谓语部
分，意思是"也许是"，"可能是"；第二句中
的maybe 是副词，意思是"可能"，常位于句
首，不能位于句中，相当于另一副词
perhaps。再如： Maybe you put it in that
bag.也许你放在了那只包里。（不能说You
maybe put it
in that bag.）It may be a hat.那可能是
顶帽子。（不能说It maybe a hat. 或It
maybe is a hat.）
14. noise/ voice/ sound
noise 指嘈杂声，噪音大的吵杂声。voice
是指说话的声音，嗓音，嗓子。sound 是指
耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声
音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的
声音。例如： Don't make so much noise!
别那么大声喧哗！ I didn't recognize
John's voice on the telephone. 在电话里我
听不出约翰的声
音。He spoke in a low voice. 他低声说
话。We heard a strange sound. 我们听
到了一种奇怪的声音。Sound travels
fast, but light travels faster. 声音传得
快，但是光传得更快。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在：
1. 一般过去时；
2. 反意疑问句的用法；
3. 一般将来时；
4. 感叹句；
5. 简单句的五种基本句型；
6. 情态动词can, may 和must, have to 的用
法；
7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句；
8. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
9. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型天空、短文
填空和完成句子。
【中考范例】
1. (2004 年长沙市中考试题)
---Do you know if we will go to the
cinema tomorrow
---I think we’ll go if we ________ too much
homework.
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A. will have B. had C. won’t have D. don’t
have
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是条件
状语从句的时态。在条件和时间状语从句里
通常用一般现在是表示将来的动作。
2. (2004 年佛山市中考试题)
You have been to Tibet, _________ I was told
that the snow-covered mountains were
very beautiful.
A. have you B. haven’t you C. don’t you
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是反意
疑问句的构成。反意疑问句的前一部分是肯
定句，后一部分就应该是否定的疑问部分，
而且要和前一部分保持时态上的一致。
3. (2004 年扬州市中考试题)
---Jacky, look at that Japanese sumoist(相
扑手).
---Wow, ______________!
A. How a fat man B. What a fat
man
C. How fat man D. What fat man
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是感叹
句的构成。这个感叹句省略了主谓部分，只
保留了感叹部分。如果以What 开头，就应
该是What a fat man! 如果是How 开头，就
应该是How fat!
4. (2004 年福建省泉州市中考试题)
---Thanks for your help.
---__________________
A. It doesn’t matter B. Don’t
thank me
C. You’re welcome D. That’s right
【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是日常
交际用语。回答别人的道谢通常用“That’s all
right.”或”You’re welcome.”
【满分演练】
一. 选择填空
1. Don’t forget _________your book here
tomorrow.
A. to take B. to bring C. taking D.
bringing
2. Mrs Brown went to the cinema,
______she
A. didn’t B. doesn’t C. wasn’t D. isn’t
3. It was half past four. Everything
_______ready.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
4. ---Happy New Year!
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---____________.
A. The same to you B. I’m glad to
hear that
C. I’m very happy D. Thank you. It’s
very kind of you.
5. I got up late yesterday. There
_________no time to have breakfast.
A. has B. had C. was D. is
6. Thank you for ______me to your party.
A. invite B. inviting C. to invite D.
invited
7. ---I’m sorry I took your pen by mistake
yesterday.
---______________.
A. All right B. That’s right C. Right D.
That’s all right
8. ---Thank you for showing me the way!
---________________.
A. The same to you B. It doesn’t
matter
C. It’s a pleasure D. That’s right
9. ---Could I use your computer for a
moment
---_____________.
A. Sure B. Really C. Right D. It doesn’t
matter
10. ---I just lost my bike.
---________________.
A. I wish you to buy a new one
B. You’d better buy a new one
C. I’m sorry to hear that
D. It’s always nice to ride a new one
二. 选择能代替句中划线部分的词语或短语
’s the matter with your mother
B. question C. message D. wrong
you very much.
---It’s a pleasure.
A. I’m very glad. B. That’s right.
C. It doesn’t matter D. Not at all
is he doing at the moment
B. a moment ago C. late D later on
you have a good time at the party
long B. sing and dance C. enjoy
yourself D. eat enough
I speak to John, please
---Certainly.
. B. I think so. C. I’d love to D. That’s
all right.
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I speak to Jim, please
---Sorry，he isn’t in.
at home B. is not at work C. is out D. is
free
is nothing but an old table in the room.
A. many B. some
C. any D. only
’s the weather like
A. When B. Where C. why D. How
let me look at your photo.
me B. pass me C. bring me D. show me
ask him to ring me up when he comes
back.
A. see B. help C. call D. thank
三. 完形填空
When I __1__ in London last year, it had
one of the thickest fogs(雾) in years. You
could __2____ see your hand in __3___ of
your face. When evening fell, it became
even __4___ . All traffic __5___ to a stop. I
decided to walk.
A few minutes __6___ , I couldn’t find
my__7___ . Then I saw a young man and
asked him to help me. He agreed. As I
was following him __8__ the streets, he
told me, “I know this part of London quite
well. And the thick fog ___9__ to me. You
see, I’m __10___ .”
. is B. was C. am D. are
2. A. easily B. hard C. hardly D. even
3. A. front B. the front C. back D. the
back
4. A. bad B. worse C. good D.
better
. began B. started C. went D came
. late B. later C. early D. earlier
. road B. way C. street D. home
. along B. in C. through D. by
. is not good B. does good
C. is nothing D. has something
. strong B. week C. blind D. clever
四. 阅读理解
(A)
John was a very famous pianist. When he
was a small boy, he once played at a
party at the home of a rich man. He
was only eight years old. But he had
played for several years. At the party he
played a famous piece by Beethoven
(贝多芬). He played wonderfully.
The famous piece has in it several very
long rests. In each of these rests he
took his hands from the piano and
waited. To him this was very exciting.
But it seemed that the mother of the
rich man thought differently. Finally
44
during one of these rests she came over
to him. She touched him on the head
with a smile and said, “My boy, why
don’t you play us what you know well”
根据短文内容判断正误：正确的答“A”，
错误的答“B”。
once played the piano at a party when he
was only a little boy.
began to play the piano at the age of eight.
each of the rests John took his hands from
the piano because he felt tired.
rich man’s mother did not think John
played the piece well.
n fact the mother of the rich man knew the
piece well.
(B)
One day, we had an English class. The
teacher saw a boy reading a picture book
and said, “Tom, what do you usually do
after lunch” Tom nervously(紧张地)got up
from his seat, but he did not know what
to answer. He thought for some time and
then said, “Wait for supper.”
The teacher was displeased and just at
that moment, he saw another boy asleep.
The teacher was getting a little angry now,
but he was trying not to show it. Then he
asked, “And you, Joke”
As Joke was asleep, of course, he could
not hear what the teacher had said. His
deskmate(同桌) woke him up. Joke stood
up quickly and answered in a loud voice,
“So do I”.
story happened____________.
A. in the teacher’s office B. after
lunch
C. in class D. a home
’s answer made the teacher __________.
A. angry B. displeased C. surprising D.
laughing
teacher asked Joke ________.
he wanted to do after class
he did in class
same question as he asked Tom
help Tom
’s answer meant that_______.
knew what to do and what not to do
after lunch
did the same thing as Tom did
read a picture-book
did many things after lunch
the above story we can see that ________.
A. Joke did not know what question the
teacher had asked
did well in his lessons
45
was good at his lessons
and Joke worked hard at their lessons
(C)
Mrs Black, the wife of a rich business man,
invited some of her friends to have
lunch. She wanted to try a new way of
cooking a fish, and she was very pleased
with
herself when the dish was ready. As the dish
was very hot, she put it near the open
window to cool for a few minutes. But, five
minutes later, when she came back for it,
she was shocked(震惊)to find the
neighbour’s cat at the dish. She was in
time to stop
the car. That afternoon was successful and
everyone enjoyed the dish very much.
They talked and laughed till four o’clock.
At the end of the afternoon, when she
was alone again, Mrs Black felt tired and
happy. She was in a chair just near the
window. She looked out of the window
and
shocked to see the neighbour’s cat dead in
her garden. Why, the fish dish must be
bad!
What would happen to her friends She at
once telephoned the family doctor for
advice. The doctor told her to telephone
each of the visitors to meet him at the
hospital as soon as he could. Finally the
danger was over. Once again Mrs Black
was
alone in her chair in the sitting-room, still
tired but no longer happy. Just then the
telephone rang. It was her neighbour. “Oh,
Mrs Black,” her neighbour cried, “My cat
is dead. She was killed by someone in a car
and put it in your garden.”
Black invited _______to lunch.
A. Mr Black’s friends B. her
neighbour
C. her parents D. some
of her friends
was Mrs Black not happy after she had a
good party
was sad about the dead cat.
46
found her fish dish was bad.
never thought that she would have so
much trouble.
felt tired after she had a busy day.
Black________________________.
the cat before it began to eat the fish
too late to stop the cat in time
the cat before it ate the fish up
the cat but it was too late
was Mrs Black so shocked to see the cat
dead in her garden
liked the cat very much.
worried about her friends.
was sure that her fish was bad.
didn’t know how the cat died.
.
Black found that all her friends were all
right
visitor told her that the cat was killed
by someone in a car
Black felt happy as all her friends were
safe
Black met all her friends at the hospital
五. 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子
1. 收音机里说今天晚些时候雨会停的。
The radio says the rain____ ____ ____
____today.
2. 我不喜欢冬天，因为天气太冷了。
I don’t like winter, _____it’s ____ _____.
3. 西安位于中国的西北部。
Xi’an is ______the ______of China.
4. 多好吃的面包啊！
_____ _____ bread it is!
5. 明天白天温度将保持在零度以上。
The temperature will _____ ____ _____ in
the daytime tomorrow.
六. 句型转换，使第二个句子和第一个句子
的意思相近或相同
a hot day today!
_____ _____ it is today!
2. Most of North and South China will have
a cold wet day .
____ will be cold and wet _____ most of
North and South China.
3. The radio says it will be cloudy
sometimes.
The radio says it will be cloudy ____ ____.
4. The snow will be heavy in some places.
It _____ _____ _____ in some places.
5. Shall we go out for a walk
_____ _____ going out for a walk
初二英语（下）
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. on time
2. out of
3. all by oneself
4. lots of
5. no longer
6. get back
7. sooner or later
8. run away
47
9. eat up
10. take care of
11. turn off
12. turn on
13. after a while
14. make faces
15. teach oneself 16. fall off
17. play the piano
18. knock at
19. to one's surprise 20. look up
21. enjoy oneself 22. help yourself
23. tell a story / stories
24. leave....behind ……
25. come along 26. hold a sports meeting 27.
be neck and neck
28. as ... as
29. not so / as ... as
30. do one's best
31. take part in
32. a moment late
33. Bad luck!
34. fall behind
35. high jump
36. long jump
37. relay race
38. well done!
39. take off
40. as usual
41. a pair of
42. at once
43. hurry off
44. come to oneself
45. after a while
46. knock on
47. take care of
48. at the moment
49. set off
50. here and there
51. on watch
52. look out
53. take one’s place
II. 重要句型
1. We’d better not do sth.
2. leave one. oneself
3. find one’s way to a place
4. stand on one’s head
48
5. make sb. Happy
6. catch up with sb.
7. pass on sth. to somebody
8. spend time doing sth.
9. go on doing sth.
10. get on well with sb.
11. be angry with sb.
12. be fed up with sth.
13. not…until…
14. make room for sb.
III. 交际用语
1. We’re all by ourselves.
2. I fell a little afraid.
3. Don’t be afraid.
4. Help!
5. Can’t you hear anything
6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there.
7. Maybe it’s a tiger.
8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food.
9. Did she learn all by herself
10. Could she swim when she was …years
old
11. She didn’t hurt herself.
12. He couldn’t buy himself many nice
things.
13. Did he enjoy himself
14. Help yourselves.
15. Bad luck!
16. Come on!
17. Well done! Congratulations (to…)!
18. It must be very interesting.
19. I don’t think you’ll like it.
20. It seems to be an interesting book.
21. I’m sure (that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not
sure what to…
22. I hope so.
23. What was he/she drawing when…
24. I’m sorry to trouble you.
25. Would you please…
26. What were you doing at ten o’clock
yesterday morning
27. You look tired today.
28. You’d better go to bed early tonight, if
you can.
29. How kind!
30. Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an
accident.
49
31. It’s really nice of you.
32. Don’t mention it.
33. Don’t crowd around him.
IV. 重要语法
1. 不定代词/副词的运用；
2. 反身代词的用法；
3. 并列句；
4. 形容词和副词的比较等级；
5. 冠词的用法；
6. 动词的过去进行时；
【名师讲解】
1. bring/take
Bring 表示“带来、拿来”，指从别处朝说话人
所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take 则表示
“拿去、带走”，它表示的方向与bring 相反，指从
说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如：
Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。
Take some food to the old man. 给那位老人带
去些食物。
2. somebody/ anybody/nobody
一般说来，somebody 用于定句，anybody
用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如：
Somebody came to see you when you were out.
你出来时有人来见你。
Does anybody live on this island 有人在这岛上
住吗
I didn't see anybody there. 我在那儿谁也没看
见。
Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see
anybody. 别让任何人进来。我太忙，谁也不想
见。
There is nobody in the room. 房间里没人。
Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't
know about it . 谁也没告诉我你病了。所以我
不知道。
3. listen, listen to, hear
这三个词意思都是“听”，但是它们的用法不完
全相同。它们的区别在于：
(1)listen 只用于不及物动词，后面接人或人物
做宾语，着重于“倾听”，指的是有意识的动
作，至于是否听到，并非强调的重点。如：
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.
听！有人在教室唱歌。
(2)listen to 为listen 的及物形式，后面一定要
接人或物做宾语，这里的to 是介词。如：
Do you like listening to light music 你喜欢听
轻音乐吗
(3)hear 可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动
词，意思是“听到、听见”，指用耳朵听到了
某个声音，表示无意识的动作，着重于听的
能力和结果。如：
We hear with our ears.我们用耳朵听。
She listens but hears nothing.她听了听，但是
什么也没有听见。
4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little
(1)many 修饰可数名词，much 修饰不可数名词；
都表示许多。例如：
50
He has many books.他有许多书。
He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。
(2)a few 和a little 都表示"有一点儿"，侧重于肯
定，相当于"some"，但a few 修
饰可数名词，a little 修饰不可数名词，例
如：He has a few friends in London.他在伦
敦有一些朋友。Would you like some coffee
Yes, just a little.喝点咖啡好吗好的，只要一
点。
(3)few 和little 表示"几乎没有"，侧重否定。
few 后接可数名词，little 后接不可数名词。
例如：He is a strange man. He has few words.
他是个怪人，他几乎不说什么话。Hurry up,
there is little time left.赶快，没什么时间了。
5. either/ neither/ both
either 可作形容词，一般指"两者中的
任何一个"。有时也可表示"两个都……"的意
思，后跟名词的单数形式；neither: 指两者
中没有一个，全否定；both: 指两者都，肯
定。句中可作主语、宾语和定语，both 后
面应跟名词的复数形式。如： Neither of
the films is good.两部电影都不好。（没有
一部是好的） Either of the films is good. 两
部电影都不错。（谓语动词用单数） Both
the teachers often answer the questions.这
两个老师都常常解答问题。
6. take part in/join
take part in 参加某种活动; join 参加，加入某
一政党或组织。例如：
Can you take part in my party.你能来参加我的
派对吗
We often take part in many school activities.我们
经常参加学校里的一些活动。
He joined the party in 1963. 他1963 年入的党。
My little brother joined the army last year. 我小
弟去年参的军。
7. quite/ rather/ very
(1)quite 表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相
当”。如：
She is quite right.她对极了。
That's not quite what I want . 那并不完全是我
所要的。
(2)rather 表示程度上的“相当”，比预想地程度
要大，通常用在不喜欢的情况下。如：It's
rather cold today.今天的天气相当冷。
(3)very 表示程度“很，甚，极其，非常”，用于
修饰形容词或副词，既可用在喜欢的情况
下，也可用于不喜欢的情况下。应注意“a
very +形容词+可数名词的单数”结构中，"a"
应置于"very"之前，该结构相当“quite a/an +
形容词+名词”的结构。如：
Two months is quite a long time. / a very
long time. 两个月是一段很长的时间。
It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天
气很好。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在：
51
1. 不定代词/副词的运用；
2. 反身代词的用法；
3. 并列句；
4. 形容词和副词的比较等级；
5. 冠词的用法；
6. 动词的过去进行时；
7. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
8. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文
填空和完成句子。
【中考范例】
1. (2004 年江西省中考试题)
---I called you yesterday evening, but
there was no answer.
---Oh, I am sorry I ___________ dinner at my
friend’s home.
A. have B. had C. was having D. have had
【解析】答案：C。该提考查的是动词的
时态。表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
应用过去进行时。
2. (2004 年北京市中考试题)
---Which is _________, the sun, the moon or
the earth
---Of course the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the
smallest
【解析】答案：D。该提考查的是形容词
的比较等级。三者进行比较，其中最小的
应用最高级，而形容词最高级之前必须加
顶冠词the。
3. (2004 年河北省中考试题)
Bob never does his homework _________
Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C.
carefully as D. as careful as
【解析】答案：B。该提考查的是形容词
和副词的用法区别。空白处所缺的词是修
饰动词短语does his homework 的，应该
用副词。另外，表示“某人做事不如某人
细心”应用“not as carefully as”这样的结
构。
4. (2004 年吉林省中考试题)
---I like riding fast. It’s very exciting.
---Oh! You mustn’t do it like that, ________
it may have an accident.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
【解析】答案：B。该提考查的是连接并列
句的并列连词的选择。And 通常连接两个意
52
思一致的并列句，so 连接两个有因果关系
的并列句，but 连接两个有转折关系的并列
句，or 相当于if not 意思是“否则”。
【满分演练】
一. 单项选择
1. Who jumps ________ in your class
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. longer
2. ---I made the cake by ________. Help __________,
Tom.
---Thanks, Jane.
A. ourselves; yourself B. myself; yourself
C. myself; yourselves D. ourselves; yourselves
3. There ________ a football game on TV this
afternoon.
A. is going to have B. will be
C. is going to play D. will play
4. Wu Dong was _______ tired that he couldn't keep
his eyes_________.
A. too, open B. so, closed C. too, closed D. so,
open
5. Can you hear __________
A. something B. anything C. nothing D.
somebody
6. The students stop __________ when the teacher
came in.A. to talk B. talking C. talked D. talk
7. I told him ________ story.A. the whole B. the all
C. whole the D. all
8. Please _________ early tomorrow, mum.A. wake
up me B. wakes me upC. wake me up D. will
wake me up
9. He will go to the Great Wall if it __________
tomorrow.A. won't rain B. doesn't rain C. don't
rain D. isn't raining
10. Can you tell us _________
A. where have you gone B. where you have
goneC. where have you been D. where you
have been
11. Li Lei, sit down, please. I'll ________ you some
tea.
A. take B. to bring C. get D. give
12. Don't forget to _________ your dictionary here
tomorrow.
A. take B. bring C. carry D. borrow
13. He couldn't wash ________ when he was five
years old.
A. his B. him C. himself D. herself
14. Why did you leave your daughter at home all
by ________.
A. yourself B. himself C. herself D. myself
15. I bought my son a bike, _________ he like it a lot.
A. and B. but C. or D. at
16. _______ , Li Lei was far behind the others at first.
A. At the 800-metre race B. In the 800-metres
race
53
C. In the 800-metre rece D. At the 800-metres
race
17. My parents are teachers. They _________ teach
English.
A. Both B. all C. both D. are
18. Kate is an __________ girl.
A. eight-year-old B. eight-years-old
C. six-year-old D. six-years-old
19. Who jumped _________ of all in the long jump
A. longest B. longer C. farther D. farthest
20. The runner fell, but he quickly got up and
_______.
A. went on running B. went on to run
C. went on run D. went on ran
二. 完型填空
Mr Smith left his car 1 his house one night,
but when he came down the nest_2 to go to
his office, he found the car 3 there. He called
the police and told them the 4 . And they
said they must 5 him to find the car.
6 Mr Smith came home from his office
that evening, the car was back again in its
usual (通常的) place 7 his house, He
examined (检察) it carefully to see if (是否) it
was damaged (损坏), and found 8 theatre
(剧院) tickets on one of the seats (座位) and
a letter, It said, “We feel very 9 . We took
your car because we had an mergency (急
诊).”
Mr and Mrs Smith went to the theatre
with the two tickets the next night and 10
themselves very much.
When they got home, they found thieves
(贼) took away everything in their house.
1. A inside B. outside C. from D. under
2. A. evening B. morning C. afternoon D.
night
3. A. wasn't B. was C. left D. went
4. A. wrong B. matter C. thing D. idea
5. A. made B. let C. help D. ask
6. A. If B. Because C. When D.
Before
7. A. in the front of B. in front of
C. on the front of D. on front of
8. A. many B. no C. two D. one
9. A. sorry B. afraid C. happy D. sad
10. A. helped B. taught C. hurt D.
enjoyed
三. 阅读理解
54
(A) Do
you live in a city Do you know how cities
begin Long ago, the world had only a few
thousand people. These people moved from
place to place. They moved over the land,
hunting (打猎) animals for food. No one
knows how or where these people learned
about growing food. But when they did,
their lives (生活) changed. They didn't have
to look for food any more. They could stay
in one place and grow it. People began to
live near one another. And so the first
villages grew. Many people came to work
in the village. These villages grew very big.
When machines came along (出现), life in
the villages changed again. Factories were
built (建立). More and more people lived
near the factories. The cities grew very big.
Today, some people are moving back to
small towns. Can you tell why
根据短文内容判断正误：正确的答“A”，错
误的答“B”。1. Long ago, a few people could
stay in one place, hunting animals for food.2.
When these people learned to grow food,
their lives changed.3. Factories were built
after the cities grew big.4. Today, some
people don't live to live in big cities.5.
Everyone knows how and where cities began.
(B)
Almost everyone likes dogs, and almost
everyone likes to read stories about dogs. I have a
friend. He has a large police dog named Jack.
Police dogs are very clever. Every Sunday
afternoon my friend takes Jack for a long walk in
the park. Jack like these long walks very much.
One Sunday afternoon a young man came to
visit my friend. He stayed a long time. He talked
and talked. Soon it was time for my friend to take
Jack for his walk. But the visitor still stayed. Jack
became very worried. He walked around the room
several times and then sat down in front of the
visitor and looked at him. But the visitor paid not
attention. He went on talking. Finally Jack got
angry. He went out of the room and came back a
few minutes later. He sat down again in front of
the visitor, but this time he took the visitor's cap in
his mouth.
1. The young visitor stayed a long time, didn't he
__________.A. Yes, he did B. Yes, he didn't C. No,
He didn't D. No, he did.
2. Jack became very worried because
____________.A. he wanted to have something to
eatB. he wanted to play with himC. he wanted to
go out D. he didn't know the young man
3. Jack sat down in front of the visitor because
_____________.A. he wanted to join the talk B. he
wanted the visitor to leaveC. he wanted the
55
visitor to talk with himD. he wanted to show the
visitor how clever he was
4. The visitor went on talking and
________________.A. he didn't like JackB. he paid
no attention to JackC. he paid no attention to
his capD. he didn't care that his cap was his cap
was taken away by Jack
5. Jack went out of the room with nothing, but
came back with ________ in his mouth.A.
something B. nothing C. the visitor's cap D. the
visitor's shoe
(C)
Mr White and his wife wanted to paint(油漆)
the outside of their house. To save(节省) money
they wanted to do it themselves. On Saturday
morning they bought some paint and two
brushes(刷子). They began that afternoon with the
back ol the house. The next Saturday Mr White
went to a football match(比赛) but his wife painted
the front of the house. On Sunday they found they
couldn't open any of the front windows. They got
them all open in the end. But they broke three of
the seven. They were very dear to mend. Next time
when they want to save money they’ll certainly ask
somebody to do the work.
l. Mr White wanted to paint ___________________ .
A. the front of the house B. the back of the
house
C. the front windows D. the outside of the
house
2. They wanted to do the work themselves
because_________________ .
A. the windows were very easy to break
B. the windows were very hard to open
C. nobody could do this work well
D. they didn't want to give more money
3. The work lasted for about ___________________.
A. two days B. less than a week
C. three days D. more than a week
4. They have to ask somebody to mend the
________________ windows.
A. three B. four C . five D. seven
5. Next time they will ask somebody to work for
them because
A. they want to go to football matches
B. it is no longer an interesting thing for them
C. they have no more paint and brushes
D. they really want to save some money
四. 据句意，用方框中所给词或短语填空
A. catch up with F. a moment laterB. fell behind G.
passing …on to C. getting ready to H. At the same time D.
dropped I. neck and neck E. On the first lap J. won
the boys and the girls passed the ball to
each other.
teacher shouted to the
runners_______________, “Come on! Come
on!”
Class 4 runner fell and
___________________the others.
56
monkey is ___________the hat
_____________the other small monkeys.
are they doing They’re _______________do
some cleaning.
runner from Class 2 _____________his
slick .Bad luck.
and Jim were __________________at first.
the students ran very fast, but on the
second lap they were too tired to ran farther.
! The short girl from Class 3 is beginning to
______________the girls in front.
last Class One ____________________the boys’
relay race.
五. 完成句子
1. 英语是我班最受欢迎的科目之一。
English is _____________ in our class.
2．请把这只盒子带到办公室去。
Please __________ to the office.
3．我们应该向雷锋同志学习。
We should _____________ comrade Lei Feng.
4．她正打算去看电影。
She _________ see a film.
5．莉莉于1987 年6 月29 日出生在上海。
Lily _______________.
6．见到你我很高兴。
I _________ to see you.
7．看上去她不舒服。
She seems __________sell.
8．他也喜欢开妹妹的玩笑。
He also likes to __________ his younger
sister.
9．我很难算出这道题。
It is hard for me to _________ the problem.
10．你能确定他拿了第一名吗？
_______________ he got the first prize
初三年级（上）
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. at the moment
2. used to 3. for a while
4. walk away with sth.
5. leave for some place
6. sooner or later 7. pay for
8. come up with an idea 9. think of
10. have a try
11. all over the world
12. be famous for
57
13. large numbers of
14. all the year round
15. no matter what
16. give up
17. for example
18. by the way
19. on business
20. so far
21. come true
22. set off
23. slow down
24. go on doing 25. wait for
26. be proud of
27. be afraid of
28. speak highly of
29. a year and a half
30. half a year 31. pick up
32. as soon as 33. keep… clean
34. take care of 35. cut down
36. make a contribution to
37. base on
38. make sure 39. take away
40. begin with
41. right now
42. as soon as possible
43. leave a message
44. all kinds of things 45. walk around
46. fall asleep 47. wake up
48. go on a trip 49. have a good time
50. take photos 51. come out
52. come on 53. have a family meeting
54. talk about
55. go for a holiday
56 go scuba diving
57. write down
58. by oneself 59. walk along
60. get a chance to do sth 61. have a
wonderful time
62. book a room
63. have an accident
64. be interested in
65. use sth. to do sth.
66. make a TV show 67. be amazed at
68. take part in 69. feed on
70. get out of
II. 重要句型
1. Why don’t you do sth.
2. make sb. Happy
58
3. borrow sth. from sb.
4. forget to do sth.
5. pay fro sth.
6. return sth. To sb.
7. learn sth. from sb.
8. be famous for sth.
9. No matter what…
10. be with sb.
11. go on doing sth.
12. speak highly of sb.
13. keep doing sth.
14. allow sb. To do sth.
15. encourage sb. to do sth. 16. It is said
that…
III. 交际用语
1. --- Excuse me, have you got …--- Yes, I
have. (Sorry, I haven’t.)
2. --- Why don’t you …--- Thanks, I will.
3. --- Thanks a lot. (Thank you very much.)-
-- You are welcome.
4. --- Have you ever done…--- Yes, I have,
once. (No, never.)
5. --- I’ve just done…--- Really
6. ---What’s …like
7. --- How long have you been…--- Since…
8. --- Have you ever been to…--- I’ve never
been there. (None of us has./
Only …has. )
9. --- Would you like to have a try？--- I
don’t think I can…
10. --- What have you done since…
11. --- How long have you been at this …--
- For…
12. --- How long has she/ he worked
there…--- She’s / He’s worked there
for… / all her / his life.
13. --- I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.
14. --- May I help you
15. --- That’s very kind of you.
16. ---Could we go scuba diving
17. --- Could you tell us how long we’re
going to be away
18. --- Let’s try to find some information
about it, OK
19. --- Could you please tell me how to
search the Internet
20. --- Go straight along here.
21. ---Please go to Gate 12.
59
22. --- Please come this way.
23. --- Could you tell me what you think
about Hainan Island
24. --- That sounds really cool!
IV. 重要语法
1. 宾语从句
2. 现在完成时
3. 一般过去时与现在完成时的用法比较：
【名师讲解】
1. Maybe/ may be
(1) maybe 是副词，意思是“大概，也许”，常用
作状语。
Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放
在包里了。“Will he come tomorrow”“Maybe
not.” “他明天来吗”“也许不”。
(2) may be 相当于是情态动词may 与be 动词
搭配一起作谓语，意思是“也许是…，可能
是…”。
It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于
九点到达。The man may be a lawyer. 那人
也许是律师。
2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use
(1) borrow 表示的是从别人那里借来东西，即
我们通常所说的“借进来”。
We often borrow books from our school library.
我们经常从学校图书馆借书。I borrowed
this dictionary from my teacher. 我从老师那
儿借来了这本字典。
borrow 是一个瞬间完成的动作，因此不能
与时间段连用。
You can borrow my recorder for three days.
( 错误 )
I have borrowed this book for only one
week. ( 错误 )
(2) lend 表示的是把自己的东西借给别人，即我
们通常所说的“借出去”。
Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自
行车借给我。He often lends money to his
brother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。
lend 与borrow 一样，也是一个瞬间完成的
动作，不能与一段时间连用。
(3) keep 的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借来后的
保存或使用阶段，是一段持续的时间，因此
可以与时
间段连用。
You can keep my recorder for three days.我的录
音机你可以借用三天。I have kept this book
for only one week.这本书我才刚借了一星
期。
(4) use 也可以当“借用”讲，但它的本意是“用，
使用”。
May I use your ruler 我能借你的尺子用一下吗
He had to use this public telephone.他不得
不使用这部公用电话。
3. leave/ leave for
(1) leave 意思是“离开，留下”。
We left Shanghai two years ago.我们两年前离开
了上海。 He left his cell phone in the taxi last
week.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。
60
(2) leave for 意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的
地。
We will leave for Tibet next month.我们将于下
月去西藏。The train is leaving for Moscow.
这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。
4. since/ for
(1) since 用于完成时态，既能用作介词，也能
用作连词，后常接时间点，意思是“自从”。
He has been a worker since he came into this
city.
自从他来到这个城市，他就是工人了。
I have never seen him since we last met in
Shanghai .
自从我们上次在上海见过之后，我再也没见
过他。
since 作连词，还有“既然”的意思。
Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然
你对它感兴趣，那就做吧。
You can have fun now since you’ve finished
your work.既然你已经做完了功课，就开心
玩会儿吧。
(2) for 用于完成时，用作介词，后常接一段时
间，意思是“经过…”。
I have learned English for five years.我已经学
了五年英语了。They have waited for you for
30 minutes.他们已经等了你三十分钟了。
for 也可以用作连词，但意思是“因为”。
They missed the flight for they were late.他
们由于完到了而误了航班。He fell ill for
many reasons.他由于多种原因病倒了。
5. neither/ either/ both
(1) neither 作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思为
“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词用单数.
Neither of the boys is from England.这两个男孩
都不是来自英国。
I know neither of them. 他们两个我都不认识。
neither 用作形容词，也修饰单数名词，意思
与作代词时相同；用作连词时，一般与nor 搭
配，表示 “既不…也不”。作主语时，谓语动词也遵
循就近原则。
She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既
不吃也不喝。Neither he nor we play football
on Sundays. 他和我们星期天都不踢球。
(2) either 作代词时，是指两者中的任意一方,(两
者之)每一个，故作主语时谓语动词用单数.
Either of the books is new.这两本书任何一本
都是新的.She doesn’t like either of the films.这
两部电影她都不喜欢.
either 作形容词, 用来修饰单数名词,意思与作
介词时相同.
Either school is near my home. (这两所学校
中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近.Either
question is difficult.两个问题(中的任何一个)都
难.
either 作连词时,一般与or 搭配,表示两者选其
一，意思是“不是…就是”。作主语时，谓语动词遵
循就近原则。
Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是对的。
Either my sister or my parents are coming to
see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来
看我。
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(3) both 作代词时，指的是所涉及到的“两者都”,
故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
I like both of the stories.这两个故事我都喜
欢。Both of my parents are teachers.我父母两
人都是老师。
both 作形容词时，用来修饰两者,意思与作代
词时相同.
Both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤
了。Both these students are good at English.
这两个学生都擅长英语。
both 用作连词时，多与and 搭配，表示“既…
又, 不仅…而且”, 作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形
式。
Both piano and violin are my bobbies.钢琴和
小提琴都是我的爱好。They study both
history and physics. 他们既学历史，又学物
理。
6. find/look for/ find out
(1) find 强调找的结果，意思是“找到”。此外还有
“发现，发觉”的意思，后可接宾语从句。
Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不着帽子了。
Have you found your lost keys 你找到丢失的钥匙
了吗？
He found the lights were on along the street.他发
现沿街的灯都亮了
(2) look for 的意思为“寻找”，指的是找的动作而
非结果。另外，还有“盼望，期待”的意思。
She is looking for her son.她正在找她的儿子。
We’ve been looking for the car since early this
morning.我们从今天一大早就开始找这辆车
了。I look for the coming holiday.我期待着即
将来临的假期。
(3) find out 含有经过观察、研究或探索而得知的
意思，后常接较抽象的事物，意思是“找出，
发现，查明（真相）”等。
I can find out who took my money away.我能查
出谁拿了我的钱。Could you find out when
the plane arrives 你能设法知道飞机何时到吗
7. forget to do/ forget doing
(1) forget to do 是指忘记去做某件事了，即该
事还没有做。
Please don’t forget to call this afternoon.今天下
午不要忘了给我打电话。I forgot to take
some small change with me.我身上忘了带零
钱了。
(2) forget doing 是指忘记某件已经做过的事
情，即该事已经做了，但被忘记了。
He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告诉过
我地址了。They forgot having been here
before.他们忘了以前曾来过这儿。
8. stop doing/ stop to do
(1) stop doing 是指停止做某事，即doing 这个
动作不再继续。
They stopped debating.他们停止了辩论。（不
辩论了） He had to stop driving as the
traffic lights changed in to red. 由于交通灯
变成了红色，他不得不停车。
(2) stop to do 是指停下来开始做另一件事，即
停止原先的事，开始做do 这个动作。
She stopped to have a rest.她停下来休息会
儿。（开始休息）They stopped to talk.他们
停下来开始交谈。
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9. except/ besides
(1) except 是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的
“除了”，可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分
的不同。
Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个
人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动）
All the visitors are Japanese except him.除他
以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日
本人，可他不是）
(2)besides 是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除
了”，可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”，
表示两部分
的相似性。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides
him.除他以外，还有25 个学生去看了电
影。(他和另外25 人都去了)We like biology
besides English.除了英语外，我们还喜欢生
物。（生物和英语都喜欢）
besides 还可用作副词，意思是“此外；而
且”，常用于句首或句尾。
He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a
politician.他是一名伟大的思想家，除此以
外，他还是一位政治家。 They encouraged
me, and they supported me with money,
besides. 他们不仅鼓励我，而且与我以金钱
上的支持。
10. keep doing/ keep on doing
(1) keep doing 指的是连续地、坚持不断地做
某事，中间不间断。
It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天风
了。The temperature keeps dropping.温度
持续下降。
(2) keep on doing 是指反复坚持做某事，但动
作之间略有间隔。
They have kept on writing to each other for
many years.他们已经互相通信多年了。
After drinking some water, he kept on
talking.喝了一些水后，他坚持讲话。
11. seem/ look
(1) seem 一般着重于以客观迹象为依据，意思
是“似乎、好象、看起来…”。
(2) The baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去似
乎很高兴。He seemed to be sorry for that.
他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。
seem 能与to do 结构连用，而look 不能。
It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。They
seemed to have finished their work.他们似乎
已经完成了工作。
在it 作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。 It
seems that he is quite busy now.他现在看起
来很忙。It seems to us that there is nothing
serious.在我看来没什么大不了的。
(2) look 用作“看起来；好像”时，常从物体的外
观或样貌上来判断，是以视觉所接受的印象
为依据的。
The room looks clean.这间房看起来很干净。
The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起来
向她的妈妈。
12. such/ so
(1)such 常用作形容词，用来修饰名词。
Don’t be such a fool.别这么傻。 He is such a
clever boy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。
(3) so 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。
(4) He is so kind! 他真好心！Why did you
come so late 你为何回来得如此晚
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当名词前有many, much, few, little 等表示
多、少时，应该用so。
He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。
Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时
间！
13. either/ too/ also
(1)either 用作“也”时是副词，常用于否定句句
尾。
She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日
本人，我也不是。My sister doesn’t like this
song, either.我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。
(2)too 常用于肯定句或疑问句尾，表示“也”。
He likes China, too.他也喜欢中国。Are you in
Grade 3, too 你也在三年级吗
(3)also 也常用于肯定句或疑问句，但一般位于
句中。
We are also students.我们也是学生。
He also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。
Did you also want to have a look 你也想看看吗
14. if/ whether
在下列情况下只能用whether 而非if：
(1)与or not 连用时，只能用whether.
We want to know whether you are ill or not.
我们想知道你是否生病了。
Please tell me whether or not you have
finished your work.
请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。
(2)后接动词不定式时，只能用whether.
Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亚当不
知道是走还是留。He hasn’t decided whether
to have dinner with me.他还没决定是否和我
共进晚
餐。
(3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时，只能用
whether.
Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind. 我
们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。Whether I won
or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是赢是输
她不想知道。
(4)引导主语从句或表语从句时，一般用
whether.
The most important was whether they had
gone.最重要的是他们是不是已经
走了。Whether he will go with me is a secret.
他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。
if 能引导条件状语从句，表示“如果，假
如”，而whether 没有此用法。
We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain
tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我们
要进行足球赛。I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看
见他就告诉他。If you’re in danger, please
call 110.如果你遇到危险，请拨打110。
15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take
(1) cost 一般用某物来做主语，表示“（某物）
值…、花费…”，既能指花费时
间也能指金钱。
The new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行
车花了我三百元。It will cost you a whole to
read through this book.通读这本书将会花费
你整整
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一周时间。
cost 还可以用作名词，表示“成本、费用、
价格、代价”等。
What’s the cost of this TV set 这台电视机的
成本是多少钱？
They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他
们辛苦地工作换来的成功。
(2) spend 一般用某人来作主语，表示“（某人）
花费…，付出…”，也能指时间或金钱，指时间时常
与 in 搭配，指金钱时常与on 或for 搭配。
We spent two days in repairing this machine.
我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。 Mr. Lee
spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花
二十美元在书上。
(3) pay 用作动词时，一般也以某人作主语，但
一般指花钱、付款等，很少用来指花费时间。常
与for 搭配使用。
They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花了七
十元买票。He was too poor to pay for his
schooling.他穷得交不起学费。
pay 还可以用作名词，意思为“薪水、工资”
等。
It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我
很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。
(4)take 也指“花费(时间、金钱)”，但通常用某
事、某物做主语，或用形式主语it.
How long will the meeting take 会议要开多久？
It took me several hours to get there. 我花了几
个小时才到那儿。
16. bad/ badly
这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意
思，且它们有共同的比较级worse 和最高
级worst 。
(1) bad 是一个形容词，意思是“坏的，糟糕
的，差的，严重的”。
I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不认为他是
一个坏人。I had a bad headache.我的头疼得
很厉害。
(2)badly 是一个副词，意思是“不好地，差”，也
可以表示程度，意为“严重地，非常，极
度”。
We need help badly.我们急需帮助。His arm
was badly hurt.他的胳膊严重受伤了。
17. interested/ interesting
(1) interested 是指“对…产生兴趣的，对…感兴
趣的”，一般用人做主语，后常用介词in.
He was interested in biology before.他以前对生
物感兴趣。 I’m not interested in art.我对艺术
不感兴趣。
(2)interesting 的意思是“有趣的”，指能够给人
带来兴趣的某人或某事物。
He is an interesting old man.他是个有趣的老
头。The interesting story attracted me. 这
个有趣的故事吸引了我。
18. dead/ die/ death/ dying
(1) dead 是形容词，意思为“死了的、无生命
的”，表示状态，可以与一段时间连用。
The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死
了有十年了。The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔
子都是死的。
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(2) die 是动词，意思为“死、死亡”，是一个瞬
间动词，不能与一段时间连用。
My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前
去世了。The old man died of cancer.老人死
于癌症。
(5) death 是名词，意思为“死亡、去世”等。
The memorial hall was built one year after his
death.
他死后一年，纪念馆建成了。
His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我们
的巨大损失。
(4) dying 是die 的现在分词，用作形容词，意
思是“垂死的、即将死去的”。
The doctors have saved the dying man.
医生们救活了那个垂死的人。The poor
dog had no food, it was dying.可怜的
狗没有食物,快要饿死了。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在：
1. 宾语从句的时态和语序；
2. 一般过去时和过去完成时的用法区别；
3. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
4. 本单元学习的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文
填空和完成句子。
【中考范例】
1. （2004 年北京市海淀区中考试题）
---Do you know ________________
---Only ten months old.
A. when does Tiger Woods start golfing
B. when did Tiger Woods start golfing
C. when Tiger Woods starts golfing
D. when Tiger Woods started golfing
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语
从句的时态和语序。这个宾语从句的时态应
用一般过去时，应为这里说的是过去的事
情。语序应用陈述句的语序，所以正确答案
是: when Tiger Woods started golfing。
2. （2004 年北京市海淀区中考试题）
I’m interested in animals, so I
_____________ every Saturday working in
an animal hospital.
A. pay B. get C. take D. spend
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是pay,
get, take 和spend 这四个动词的用法区别。
只有动词spend 可以用在sb. spends time
doing sth. 这个句型里，所以正确答案影视
spend。
3. （2004 年天津市中考试题）
66
Could I ________ your telephone I have
something important to tell my parents.
A. keep B. borrow C. use D. lend
【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是keep,
borrow, use 和lend 四个动词的用法区别。
keep 的真正含义是“保留”，borrow 的含义
是“借入”，lend 的含义是“借出”，只有use
的含义是“使用”。在这个句子里实际上是“使
用”的意思，所以应选use。
4. （2004 年鄂州市中考试题）
---Hi, Ann. Where’s your brother I need
his help.
---He left home two weeks ago and
________away ever since.
A. is B. was C. has been D. had been
【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是动词
时态的用法区别。一般现在时表示经常发生
的动作或现在所处的状态；一般过去时表示
过去的动作或过去所处的状态；过去完成时
表示过去的动作或过去的时间以前发生的事
情；现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一
时间开始一直延续到现在或刚刚结束。这里
只能用现在完成时。
【满分演练】
一. 单项填空
1. Mr Green asked the children to _____the words
in the dictionary.A. look at B. look up C. look for
D. look after
2. May I _____ your bike Certainly, but you can't
_____it to other.A. lend, lend B. borrow, lend C.
borrow, borrow D. lend, borrow
3. Mr Brown _____in China since 20 years ago.A.
worked B. works C. is working D. has worked
4. There______ be many trees here two years ago.A.
is B. are C. use to D. used to
5. Neither my brother nor I ____a doctor.
6. ____of my parents ____ watching TY. ,
likes , like , like , likes7. I really don't know
____ next. Can you tell me to do to do will
I do it to do it 8. He has lived here ___ 1965.
A. since B. for C. in D. from
9. If you are tired, please stop ___ a rest.A. having B.
have C. to have D. has
has never come to the farm before, _____ she？A.
has B. hasn't C. does D. doesn't
11. It is ____book that I have ____ it twice. an
interesting…seen an interesting…read
interesting…looked an interesting…read
12. The doctor was busy ____ on the boy at
that time. operate
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13. The policeman told the children
_____play in the street.A. didn't B. to not C.
not to D. don't
14. Mother returned home _____earlier than
Father that evening.A. very B. too C. more
D. much
15. I won't go to see the film tonight, because I
______ my ticket．A. lost B. have lost C. will lose
D. didn't lose
二. 完形填空
Children like to copy(模仿) what they hear.
They copy their parents，their friends and even
the TV. This teaches them how to speak the
language. Copying also does good to students of
a second ____1______. When you listen to
foreigners speak English，_____2_____ what they
say as loudly as you can.
Children don’t practise grammar, but use the
language to ____3_____ that interests them. They
don’t ____4_____ their vocabulary or poor grammar.
They find ways to ____5_____ themselves，and they
do it successfully.
Students of English should also pay their
attention to ______6______. Look for chances to talk
with people in English. If you can’t find a ____7____
to talk to, talk with other students of English
instead. _____8_____ an English discussion and talk
about music, movies or whatever _____9_____
you.
Don’t worry about _____10___. The objective(目标)
is to earn how to communicate(交流) easily and
comfortably.
Remember
that
you
can
communicate successfully even with a small
vocabulary.
1. A. year B. grade C. language D.
country
2. A. repeat B. hear C. believe D.
remember
3. A. write letters B. keep diaries C. talk to people
D. talk about things
4. A. look for B. complain about C. laugh at
D. go over
5. A. enjoy B. help C. relax D.
express
6. A. grammar B. vocabulary C.
communication D. English
7. A. foreigner B. topic C. chance D.
visitor
8. A. Start B. Build C. Use D.
Make
9. A. understands B. interests C. improves
D. allows
10. A. lessons B. exams C. wasting time
D. making mistakes
三. 阅读理解
(A)We can see walls
everywhere in the world. But the Great Wall
of China is the
biggest of all. The Chinese call it "The Ten-
thousand-Li Great Wall". It is in fact
more than 6,000 kilometres long. It is 4-5 metres
wide. In most places, five horses or
ten men can walk side by side.
When you visit the Great Wall, you can't help
wondering how the Chinese
people were able to build such a great wall
thousands of years ago. Without any modern
machine, it was really very difficult to build it. They
had to do all the work by hand. It took millions of
men hundreds of years to build it. The Great
Wall has a history of over two thousand years. The
68
kings began to build the first parts of it around two
thousand seven hundred years ago. Then Qin
Shihuang had all the walls joined up. He thought
that could keep the enemy out of the country.
Today the Great Wall has become a place of
interest. Not only Chinese people but also people
from all over the world come to visit it.1. The Great
Wall is the biggest of all walls in _________. A.
China B. Europe C. the world D. Asia (亚洲) 2. How
long is the Great Wall？ A. It's less than six
hundred kilometres. B. It's over six million
kilometres. C. It's six thousand kilometres. D.
It's more than six thousand kilometres. 3. It took
_____ men ______ years to build the Great Wall. A.
millions; millions B. hundreds of; hundreds of
C. millions of; hundreds of D. hundreds of;
millions of Great Wall was built ______________. A.
by people all over the world B. without any
modern machines C. with some other countries'
help D. by all Chinese kings 5. Qin Shihuang
thought the Great Wall could _________. A. keep
the enemy out of his country B. keep his body in it
C. be visited by all the people D. make his
country beautiful
(B)
In 776 . the first Olympic Games were held at
the foot of Mount Olympus to honor Greeks' chief
god, Zeus(向希腊主要神祗宙斯献礼). The Greeks
praised (注重)physical fitness and strength in their
education of youth. Therefore, running, boxing,
horse-racing, discus throwing and so on were held
in each city and the winners competed every four
years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly
honored by having olive wreaths( 橄榄枝花
环)placed on their heads and having poems sung
about their deeds. Originally(起初)these were held
as games of friendship, and any wars that were
going on were stopped to allow the games . The
Greeks regarded these games as so important that
they counted time in four-year cycles called
"Olympiads" dating from 776 .
1. Which of the following is NOT true？A. The first
Olympic Games were held to celebrate.B.
Winners were greatly honored by having olive
wreaths placed on their heads.C. Battles were
stopped to let the games take place.D. Poems
were sung in the honor of winners.
2 Nearly how many years ago did these games
start？A. 776 years. B. 1250 years. C. 2278 years.
D. 2760 years.
3. Which of the following matches was not
mentioned in the passage A. Discus throwing B.
Boxing C. Skating D. Running
4. What conclusion can we reach about the ancient
Greeks A. They liked to fight. B. They were very
good at sports.C. They liked a lot of ceremony
(仪式). D. They couldn't count, so that they used
"Olympiads" for dates.
(C)
Over thirty thousand years ago people from
northern Asia went to America. Today, we call
these people Indians. The Indians went to
America because the weather began to change.
Northern Asia became very cold. Everything froze.
They had to move or die. How did the first Indians
go to America They walked! Later Columbus
found the New World in 1492. At first, only a few
Europeans followed. They traveled to America in
boats. For the next three hundred years, about
500,000 people went there. Then the number grew
very quickly. From 1815 to 1915, over thirty-two
million Europeans left their countries and went to
the United States. The biggest groups were from
Germany and Italy. These Europeans spoke many
different languages. Most of them took almost no
69
money. They went to America so that they could
find a better life.
1. __________ went to America first.A. People from
northern AsiaB. People from EuropeC. People
from GermanyD. Columbus
2. Why did the Indians go to America Because
________.A. northern Asia became very hotB.
northern Asia became very coldC. they were
interested in AmericaD. they liked traveling
3. The New World was ___________.A. Italy B.
northern Asia C. Germany D. America
4. The first Europeans went to America
_______________.A. by ship B. by bike C. by boat D.
by train
5. These Europeans ______________.A. didn't speak
the same languageB. spoke English onlyC. spoke
German onlyD. spoke both English and German
6. The Europeans went to America in order to
_________.A. find the New WorldB. find a better
lifeC. build more boatsD. learn English
四. 补全对话: 给下面对话的空白处填上适当的
词，使对话通顺，符合逻辑。( Jim and Han Li are
talking about the coming summer holiday.)Ben:
Hello, Han li, where are you going for your
summer holidayHan Li: I'm ___1___ sure. I'm
thinking ___2___ going to Guilin. What about
youBen: I'm going to Chongqing and Wuhan
___3___ my parents.Han Li: ___4___ are you going
thereBen: First we'll fly to Wuhan, and then go to
Chongqing ___5___ ship.Han Li: That's a good idea.
I'm sure you'll enjoy it. Wish you a pleasant
journey!Ben: Thank you!
五. 完成句子: 根据汉语句子的意思，完成下列英
语句子。 1. 你为什么把收音机开这么大声
______ do you turn your radio so loud _____ 2.
整个会议将持续3 个小时。 The whole
meeting will ______ ______ 3 hours.3. 我们都喜
欢跟那只小狗玩。 We all like ______ ______
with the dog.4. 很抱歉，我没有带食物。 I'm
sorry, I don't ______ any food ______ me.5 .你的
新录音机是什么样 What ______ your new
recorder ______ 6. 谢谢你告诉我这个消息。
Thank you ______ ______ me the news.7. 昨晚他
们直到十一点才停止谈话。 They ______ stop
talking ______ 11 o'clock last night.8. 这是一封
露茜写给小帆的信。 This is a letter ______ Lucy
______ Xiaofan.
初三年级（中）
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. give up
2. try out 3. most of
4. not…any more 5. at the age of
6. at that time 7. send message by telegraph
8. graduate from
9. turn down
10. put up 11. at the top of
12. get together 13. from house to house
14. at the end of 15. on top of
16. as well 17. climb down
18. in a single night
19. even though
20. live on 21. once upon a time
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22. according to
23. keep warm
24. on the other hand 25. on show
26. on display
27. in the future
28. look up
29. Tree Planting Day
30. just right 31. as often as possible
32. wash away
33. in this way
34. in a few years' time
35. point to
36. thanks to
37. more or less
38. so far
39. shut down
40. send up 41. put off
II. 重要句型
one's mind to do sth.
2. put … together
3. stop…from…4. keep…from…
5. be filled with sth. 6. give birth to
7. be covered with 8. be made of 9. fill…with…10.
match…with
11. be used for
12. have nothing to do with
13. come up with
14. no matter how…
15. keep sb./
III. 交际用语
1. ---I'm trying to … 2. --- I'll …
3. --- Which of these would you like most to …
4. --- What do you want to …
5. --- I want to…6. --- I hope to …7. --- I plan
to…8. --- I'm going to…
9. --- I'm so happy that …10. --- I'm glad ….
11. --- me too.
12. --- What's this called in English
13. --- What's it made of 14. --- It's made of …
15. --- What's it used for 16. --- It's used for …
17. --- English is widely used for business/ …
18. --- It is one of the world's most important
languages as it is so widely used.
19. --- Where is / are … grown / produced / made
20. --- The (ground ) must be just right…
21. --- It's best to …
22. --- The hole should not be too deep.
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23. --- The Great Green Wall is 7000 kilometres
long, and between 400 and 1700 kilometres
wide.
24. --- The more, the better.
25. --- More or less!
26. --- The (ground ) must be just right…
27. --- The hole should not be too deep.
28. 掌握以下常见标志：ENTRANCE EXIT PUSH
PULL NO SMOKING NO PARKINGFRAGILE THIS
SIDE UP NO PHOTOS DANGER BUSINESS
HOURSPLAY STOP PAUSE ON OFF
IV. 重要语法
1. 动词被动语态的结构和用法；
2. 动词不定式的功能和用法。
【名师讲解】
1. be able to/ can
(1) 都能表示“能够，具备干某件事的能力”这个
含义，此时可以互换。
Mr. Green is able to finish the work on time.
= Mr. Green can finish the work on time.格
林先生能够按时完成这项工作。
(2) be able to 可以用于各种时态，而can 为情
态动词，多用于现在时，其过去式为
could。
We are sure he will be able to be an artist
when he grows up.我们相信他长大后能够
成为一名画家。
Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by
herself.林小姐已经能够自己负担那辆车
了。
(6) Can 除了表示“能够，有能力做某事”以外，
还有如下用法，而be able to 则没有。表
示请求，但语
气没有could 委婉
Can I have a look at this picture 我能看看这张图片
吗？
Can we leave school after 6:00 . 我们可以在下午6
点之后再离开学校吗
表示可能性。
That man can’t be our new teacher. 那人不
可能是我们的新老师。The exam can’t be
too difficult.考试不会太难。
2. bring/ take/carry/fetch
(1) bring 一般是指拿来，即从别处往说话人这
里拿，翻译成“带来”。
He brought us some good news.他给我们
带来了一些好消息。
Please don’t forget to bring your
homework tomorrow.
明天请别忘了把家庭作业带来。
(2) take 一般是指从说话人这里往别处拿，翻译
成“带走”。
Please take the umbrella with you. It’s going
to rain.要下雨了，请把伞带上。
She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走
了。
72
(3) carry 不强调方向，表示“携带、背着、运
送、搬扛”等意思。
They carried the boxes into the factory. 他
们把箱子搬进了工厂。
A taxi carried them to the station. 出租车送
他们到了车站
(4) fetch 表示的是“去取来、去拿来、去叫来”等
意思，包含去和来两趟。
The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者
为他们取来了一些苹果。
Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.妈
妈为生病的儿子请来了医生。
3. whole/ all
(1) whole 强调一个完整如一，互不分割的整
体。
The whole country is suffering the war. 整个国
家正遭遇战争。I just want to know the whole
story.我仅仅只想知道完整的故事。
whole 在句中的位置是放在所有格，冠词和
指示代词的之后。
They will spend their whole holiday in
Canada.他们将到加拿大渡过整个假期。
（所有格后）She has finished writing the
whole book. 她已经写完了整本书。（冠词
后
whole 用来修饰可数名词（名词用单数）。
He ate the whole cake. 他把整个蛋糕都吃
了。（强调整整一个蛋糕）
(2) all 强调由一个个部分组成的“全部”。
Miss Green knew all the students in the class.
格林小姐认识这个班上的所有人。（一个一个
全认识）
all 在句中的位置是放在所有格，定冠词和指
示代词的之前。
Jim finished all his homework in twenty
minutes.吉姆在20 分钟之内完成了所有的作
业。（所有格前）Of all the boys here, he
sings best.在这里所有的男孩之中，他唱的
最好。（定冠词前）The boy can answer all
these questions.那个男孩能够回答所有的这
些问题。（指示代词前）
all 既能修饰可数名词（名词须用复数），又
能修饰不可数名词。
All these five books are mine.这五本书都是
我的。（修饰可数名词）She was worried
about her son all the time.她总在为她的儿子
担心。（修饰不可数名词）
4. fill/ full
(1) fill 常作动词，与with 连用，意思是“注满、
装满”，也能表示“填空；补缺”的意思。
He filled the box with chalk.他把粉笔装满了盒
子。The bucket is filled with water.水桶里装
满了水。
(2) full 是形容词，翻译成“满的，装满的”，常
与of 连用。此外还能表示“完全的”和“吃饱
的，过饱的”。All the rooms are full of
people.所有的房间都满人了。The bus was
full. He had to wait for the next one.这辆车人
满了，他只有等下一辆。
5. be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ be
made into
(1) be made of 表示"由…制成", 一般指能够看出
原材料，或发生的是物理变化。
73
This table cloth is made of paper.这张桌布
是由纸做的。This salad is made of apples
and strawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓
做的。
(2) be made from 也表示"由…制成"，但一般指
看不出原材料，或发生的是化学变化。Bread
is made from corn.面包是小麦做的。The
lifeboat is made from some special material.
这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。
(3) be made in 指的是产地，意思为"于…制造
"。The caps are made in Russia.这些帽子产
于俄罗斯。 My mother likes to buy things
which are made in China.我妈妈喜欢买中国
产的东西。
(4) be made into 的意思为"被制成为…"。This
piece of wood will be made into a small
bench. 这块木头将要被制成一个小凳。The
paper has been made into clothes for the doll.
纸被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。
6. none/ no one/ neither
(1) none 既能指人，又能指物，意思是"没有一
个，无一"，常用作代词，与of 连用。None
of us has heard of him before.我们没有一个
人以前听说过他。I like none of the coats. 那
些外套我一件都不喜欢。
none 用作主语时，谓语动词用单复数皆
可。None of the answers is true.没有一个答
案是正确的。None of the rooms are mine.
没有一间房子是我的。
(2) no one 只能用来指人，且不能与of 连用。
No one is absent.没有人缺席。I knew no one
there.那里我一个人也不认识。
no one 用作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数。
No one agrees with you. 没有人同意你的说
法。
(3) neither 作代词是对两者都进行否定，意思
为"两者都不"，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
Neither of the boys is from England. 这两个
男孩都不是来自英国。I know neither of
them.他们两个我都不认识。
7. found/ find
(1) find 的意思是"找到、发现"，其过去式和过去
分词都是found.
I can't find my glasses.我找不着我的眼镜了。
He found it boring to sit here alone.他发现独自坐
在这里很没劲。
(2) found 是另外一个词，与find 并没有关系，意
思是"成立、建设"，常用作及物动词。 The
People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.
中华人民共和国成立于1949 年。 The school
was founded by the local residents.这所学校是由
当地居民修建的。
8. hear / hear of/ hear from
(1)hear 的意思是"听见；听说，得知"，后面能接
名词、代词或宾语从句。
We heard the news just a moment ago.我刚听说
这个消息。
Can you hear me 能听见我说话吗？
(2) hear of 的意思是"听说"，一般指非直接的听
见，而是听别人说的。后不能接宾语从句。
I have never heard of her.我从未听说过她。
They heard of the film long time ago.他们很久以
前就听说过这部电影。
(3) hear from 的意思是"收到来信"，与"听"无
关。I often hear from him. 我经常收到他的来
信。He hasn't heard from his mother for a
long time.他很久没有收到妈妈的信了
74
9. send/ send for
(1) send 意思是"送往，派遣"，还有"发信，寄信"
的意思。
The company sent him to study abroad.公司派他
到国外学习去了。
Mr. Brown sent her children away.布郎夫人送走
了孩子们。
(2) send for 意思是"召唤；派人去取；派人去拿
"，而非本人亲自去。 They have sent for a
repairman.他们已经派人去请了一名修理工。
She sent for some flowers.她派了人去买花。
10. get to/ arrive/ reach
(1) arrive 后不能直接接地点，是一个不及物动
词。若表示到达一个相对大的地点，用arrive in ;
若表示相对小的地点，用arrive at . The
delegation will arrive in China at 5:00 .代表团将于
下午5:00 到达北京。 It was dark when they
arrived at the railway station.当他们到达火车站的
时候，天已经黑了。 When did she arrive here
last time 她上次是什么时候到这儿的（副词前省
略介词）
(2) reach 能直接接所到达的地点，是一个及物动
词。They reached London on Friday.他们星期
五到达了伦敦。The news only reached me
yesterday.我于昨天才接到这个消息。
reach 还有"伸手去取，伸手触及，联络"等
意思。
Can you reach that apple on the tree 你能够
到树上的哪个苹果吗？
He can always be reached on the phone.可
随时打电话跟他联系。
(3) get 在表示"到达"时是不及物动词，应与to 搭
配使用。We often get to school on foot.我们
经常步行到学校。They got to the top of the
hill at noon.他们于中午到达了山顶。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在：
1. 动词被动语态的结构和用法；
2. 动词不定式的功能和用法；
3. 本单元的词汇、短语和句型；
4. 本单元学过的交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文
填空和完成句子。
【中考范例】
1. (2004 年北京市中考试题)
Aunt Li often asks her son ________ too
much meat. It’s bad for his health.
A. don’t eat B. not to eat C. not eat D. to
not eat
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是动词
不定式的构成和用法。这个句子的基本句型
是ask sb. not to do sth. 这里，not to eat 是
不定式的否定式做宾语补足语。
2. (2004 年嘉兴市中考试题)
75
China is becoming stronger and stronger,
so Chinese ________ in more American
schools now.
A. was taught B. is taught C. teaches D.
taught
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是动词
的语态和时态。Chinese 是一种语言，只能
被人教，因此要用被动语态。又因为说的现
在的情况，动词要用一般现在时。所以选
B。
3. (2004 年河北省中考试题)
This painting ________ to a museum in New
York in 1977.
A. sells B. sold C. was sold D. is sold
【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是动词
的语态和时态。This painting 只能被卖，所
以用被动语态，又因为是1977 年卖的，所
以用一般过去时。
4. (2004 年扬州市中考试题)
---If you ________ a new idea, please call
me as soon as possible.
---Sure, I will.
A. keep up with B. catch up with C. feed
up with D. come up with
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是短语
动词用法。本单元学习的短语动词come up
with a new idea 意思是想出新主意，正符合
题意。
【满分演练】
一. 选择填空。1. The boy is too hungry, he
has already eaten an apple, but he asks
for_______ one. A. the other B. other C.
another D. others2. It’s going to rain. You’d
better __________ there. A. don’t go B. to not
go C. not to go D. not go3. He spent much
time __________ the work. A. at B. in C. on D.
for4. Mr Green would like to meet the
headmaster _______ 8:00 ______ 9:00
tomorrow
morning. A. from; to B. at; at C. between; and D.
from; and5. When _______ his uncle _________ A.
did; dead B. has; died C. did; die D. has; been
dead6. They ________ this city last week. A. reached
to B. got C. arrived D arrived in7. The TV set
doesn't ______ too much. I can afford it. A. take B.
spend C. cost D. pay
8. His father will be back from Beijing
________a month.
A. between B. after C. in D. for
9. He read nothing, _________he
76
A. does B. doesn’t C. did D. didn’t
10. There’s _____ milk in the bottle, is there
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
11. Look, there is a map of China ______ the
two windows. A. between B. among C.
about D. in12. Two languages are very _____
used. One is English, Chinese is ______ one.
A. wide, another B. widely, the others C.
wide, the other D. widely, the other13. I was
badly ill yesterday. That's ______ I didn't go
to school. A. why B. because C. as D.
since14. " Have a good time this weekend!" "
________." A. That's OK B. Thanks. The
same to you. C. That's all right. D. Have a
better time than me.15. ______ of the money
is yours. A. None B. No one C. Neither D.
Nothing16. ______ of the apples are red. A.
One thirds B. First third C. Two third D. Two
thirds17. It's getting dark. You'd better
______ out alone. A. don't go B. not to go C.
not going D. not go18. His home is ______
the northeast of China. A. among B. in C. at
D. to19. All the old things were invented
______ ago. A. hundreds of year B.
hundreds of years C. a hundreds of years D.
a hundred of years
20. Jack likes to ______ others, but never
writes to them.A. hear of B. hear about C.
hear from D. hear
二. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空.
1. This job can _________ quite quickly. (do)
2. ________ you ________ your homework yet
(finish)
3. That pen isn't yours. It's _________ .(her)
4. Can you help __________ with my English(I)
5. Lin Lin is the __________ in our class.(young)
6. Who is _____________, Mike or Jack (tall)
7. We live on the ___________floor. (twenty)
8. English _________ in many countries today.
(speak)
9. I __________ born on July 2nd, 1989. ( be)
10. You’d better __________ here as soon as
possible. (leave)
三. 完型填空
One day a poor farmer was taking a bag
of wheat to town. Suddenly the bag 1__
from his horse onto the road. He did not
77
know 2_ to do about it because it was 3__
heavy for him to lift by himself. He only
hoped that someone would soon pass by
and 4__ him a hand.
Just at this moment a man 5__ a horse
came up to him. But the farmer’s heart 6__
when he saw who he was. It was the
__7___ man living nearby. The farmer had
hoped to ask another farmer or a poor
man like him to come along and help him.
He couldn’t ask such a great man to help
him. But to his 8__ , the great man got off
his horse as soon as he came nearer. He
said to the farmer, “I see you 9_ help,
friend. How good it is that I’m here just at
the right time.” Then he took one end of
the bag, the farmer took the other, they
together raised it and put it on the horse.
“Sir,” asked the farmer, “how can I pay
you”
“It’s quite easy.” The great man replied
with 10_ .
“Wherever you see anyone else in trouble,
do the same for him.”
1. A. fall B. fell C. falling D. fallen
2. A. what B. how C. that D. it
3. A. very B. so C. quite D. too
4. A. lend B. ask C. borrow D. gave
5. A. riding B. ride C. rode D. rides
6. A. falls B. sinks C. sank D. rose
7. A. poor B. great C. good D. bad
8. A. surprised B. surprising
C. surprise D. surprises
9. A. needs B. need C. to need D.
needed10. A. smiles B. smile C. a smile D.
an smile
四. 阅读理解 (A)
The war finally ended in 1945.
During the next years, two great
things
happened-my dad came home from the
army, and I was born! I was the first child,
but I wasn't alone for long. In the next four
years, my mother had three more boys.
It was great having a big family! The four of
us were very close in age, so we played
78
together all the time. We liked the game
“policemen and thieves” best. It was
exciting.
Everybody always wanted to be a thief. Of
course, someone had to be the policeman,
and it was usually me.
Well, I have grown up now, but I
still love the game. There is only one
thing
different. I'm a real policeman, Policeman
Joe, so it's not a game any more.判断下列句
子是否符合短文内容。符合的用“A”表示；
不符合的用“B”表示.1. Joe's father was once
a soldier.2. During the war his father came
back home.3. Joe was the youngest child in
the family.4. He got on well with his
brothers.5. He always had to be the thief in
the game.
(B)
Michael Jordan is the most famous basketball
player in the world. He was born in Brooklyn, New
York. He didn’t like to talk to other people about
himself. He was very short. He didn’t play very well
when he joined the basketball team in his high
school at first. But the next year things changed
greatly for him as he grew much taller.
Michael Jordan became famous when he
joined the university basketball team in North
Carolina. Michael used his speed and strength(力
量) to reach the basket again. He played so well
that people called him “Air Jordan”.
After college, Michael became a basketball
team member in the Chicago Bulls. The NBA was
very surprised at this high-flying player. He was
named “Rookie”(新秀) of the year in 1985 and
“Most Valuable(价值的) Player” in 1987. He once
set
a record(创纪录) by getting 63 points in one game.
1.
Jordan
is
a
basketball
superstar
in
____________________.
A. England
B. America
C. Canada
D. Japan
2. When he joined the basketball team in his high
school, he ___________ at first.
A. didn’t play very well
B. played very well
C. grew much taller
D. set a record
3.
He
began
to
become
famous
in
__________________________.
A. the university basketball team
B. the NBA
C. his high school at first
D. the Chicago Bulls
4. He is often called “_________________”.
A. Rookie
B. the NBA
C. Air Jordan
D. Most Valuable Player
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5. The NBA was very surprised at the superstar
when __________________.
A. he was young
B. he joined the basketball in his high school
C. he joined the university basketball team
D. he joined the Chicago Bulls
(C)
The 29th Olympic Games will be held in our
country in 2008. As a great many people will visit
our country, the government(政府) will build new
hotels, a large stadium(体育馆), and a fine new
swimming pool. They will also build new roads.
The games will be held just outside the capital and
the whole area(地区) will be called “Olympic City”.
Workers will build a railway and some new roads
by the end of 2005. The fine modern buildings
have been designed(设计) by the best designers.
The people, old and young, in the capital are
getting ready for the Olympic Games by learning
English. We will be very glad to see the new
buildings go up. We are very excited and looking
forward to the Olympic Games because they have
never
been held in our country before.
1.
Because
of
the
29th
Olympic
Games,
_________________________.
A. a lot of new buildings have been finished
B. a large number of people visited our country
C. many new roads and a railway line have been
built
D. a lot of new buildings have been planned
2. From the passage we know that the Olympic
Games _______________.
A. have just been held in our country
B. will be held in our country for the first time
C. are held in our country every four years
D. were held in our country four years ago
3. The passage tells us that everyone in the capital
____________ for the Olympic Games.
A. is busy building roads
B. is studying English
C. is designing buildings
D. is having sports and games
4. The whole area with hotels, stadiums, swimming
pools is called ___________.
A. buildings
B. stadium
C. Olympic City
D. Olympic Games
5. “Go up” in the last passage means ______________.
A. 建起 B.上涨 C.增长 D.上升
五. 补全对话。 are you ---I’m
_______________.
2 .---Shall I call you Jim or James ---It
doesn’t ___________.
didn’t win in the sports meeting. ---Bad
__________.
does that word mean ---______________ one
5. ---I think foreign languages are more
important than science.---I really can’t
_________ with you.
6. ---What were you doing at that time
when your father came back yesterday
---I was ___________ the floor.
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7. ---Thank you for your help. ---That’s all
____________.8. ---Have you found my ruler
yet ---I’m __________ I haven’t.9. ---Is Bill as
tall as Li Lei ---No, he isn’t _________ tall as
Li Lei.10. ---Well _________. Congratulations.
---Thank you.
六. 句型转换。按要求填词完成句型转换。
(A）在下面各题B 句的每个空格里写上一个
单词，使B 句的意思与A 句的相近。1. A:
My eyes started to fail at the age of seven.
B: My eyes started to fail when _________
_________ ________ _______ old.2. A: He is so
tired that he can’t do anything else. B: He
is _____________ tired ___________ do
anything else.3. A: We’ll remember
Comrade Lei Feng for ever. B: Comrade
Lei Feng ________ _______ ______ by us for
ever.4. A: How expensive the car is! B:
____________ ____________ expensive car it
is!5: A: We use computers in many ways.
B: Computers ____________ __________ in
many ways.
(B)按照下面各题的汉语意思用英语完成句
子，把答案写在横线上，词数不限。
1．明天我们要尽力打赢这场足球赛。’
Tomorrow we will
__________________________ to win the
football game.
2．教师走进来时，学生们停止了谈话。
When the teacher came in, the students
______________________________.
3．我们的国家变得越来越强大了。
Our country has become
__________________________________________.
4．他的画将于明天在我们学校展出。
His picture
__________________________________ at our
school tomorrow.
5. 我花费了两个小时看完这本书。 It
________ me two hours _______ _______
reading the novels.
初三年
级（下）
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. beg one's pardon
2. multiply …by…
3. slow down4. wear out
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5. try on
6. make a decision,
7. a place of interest
8. make a mistake
9. drop off
10. think about
11. make up one's mind,
12. at all,
13. at least
14. by the time
15. carry on
16. never mind
17. from now on
18. come down
19. hands up
20. before long，
21. no one，
22. not…any longer
II. 重要句型
1. be busy doing sth.
2. prefer to do sth.
3. regard... as...
4. be pleased with sth./sb.
5. be angry with sb.
III. 交际用语
1. ---How much does… cost …2. ---It can cost as
little as … yuan and as much as … yuan.3. ---It
costs ….4. ---It's worth ….5. ---I don't agree
with ….
6. ---I wasn't sure whether….7. ---I wonder
if ….
8. ---What size … 9. ---Have you got any other
colour / size / kind 10. ---Have you got anything
cheaper 11. ---How much are they？12. ---How
much does it cost 13. ---How much is it 14. ---
That's a bit expensive. 15. ---Even though they're
a little expensive, I'll take them. 16. ---I'll think
about …. 17. ---I don't think I'll take ….
18. ---I like ….
19. ---I don't really like ….
20. ---Can I help you, girl 21. ---Would you
like me to look in the back
22. ---We can find ….
23. ---Do you like being …
24. ---Can I ask you some questions 25. ---Sure.
26. ---It was great. 27. ---Wow! 28. ---Yeah!
29. ---Oh dear!
30. ---Hands up!
31. ---I’ll shoot anyone who moves.
32. ---There’s no need to thank me.
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33. ---Can you remember anything else about
him
34. ---Come down, Polly!
35. ---There is a little traffic accident．
36. ---There's a big traffic jam.
37. ---Well, I'm sure he'll be here before
long.
38. ---I'm beginning to get angry with him!
, we can't wait any longer. Let's go without
him.
40. ---That's terrible!
41. ---That's a really bad excuse!
IV. 重要语法
1. 过去将来时
2. 过去完成时
3. 动词不定式
4. 定语从句
【名师讲解】
1. think/ think/about/ think of
(1) think 单独使用时表示"思考"， 接that 宾语从
句时意为"认为"，"觉得"。 I am thinking how to
work out the problem. I think she is a good
student.
当宾语从句含有否定概念时，通常形式上否定
think ，但意义上却是否定宾语从句。
I don't think he can come.I don't think it will
be windy.
(2)think about 可接一个名词，动词-ing 形式或
由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句，意思是"考
虑……"。
I have thought about it for a long time.
Please think about how to tell her the bad
news.
(3)think of 表示"认为"， 一般用于疑问句中，与
what 连用。 What do you think of the TV play =
How do you like the TV play
2. big/ large/ great
上述形容词都表示"大"，但侧重点及程度不
同。
(1) big 指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体
的标准大，既可用在普通场合， 也可用在正式场
合。它可用来指人的身材高大或"长大了"，还可表
示"伟大"，"重要"之意。如：
Can you lift up this big stone？On the last
day I made a big decision.
(2) large 特别强调远远超过标准的大，指体
积、面积、容积、数量之大。如：A whale is
a large animal.A large crowd collected at the
gate of the theatre.
(3) great 除了表示数量体积之大外，又指抽象
的程度，意味着伟大性，重要性， 优越性；
常用于抽象
或无形的东西；用于有形的东西时，常带有"伟大
"，"大得令人吃惊"等意思，含有一定的感情
色彩。如：China is a great country with a
long history.
He was one of the greatest scientists.
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3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay
(1) cost 表示"花钱"，花费，付出（只能用于钱、
精力、生命等；主语必须是物。） The book
cost me five yuan.
(2) take 的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it 做形式
主语。It took me five yuan to buy the book..
(3) spend，在主动语句中主语是人I spent five
yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in)
buying the book.
(4) pay 的主语是人。I paid five yuan for the
book.
4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时，要注意使
用。expensive 与high 涉及到价格"高"，而cheap
与low 涉及到价格"低"。
(1) expensive 昂贵的，花钱多的。这个单词若谈
到"价格高，货贵"时，其主语不能是价格，必须是
货物、物品本身。如： This watch is expensive.
这只表很贵。 These glass-products are not
expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。
注意：cheap 表示"价廉"，"便宜的"，其主语
也不能是价格，必须是物品本身。如：The
cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜
的桌子是他卖给我们的。This cloth doll is very
cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。
(2)high 在表示价格时，含义是"高"，low 在表示
价格时，含义是"低"，这两个词不能用于物品
本身，只
能用在价格上。如：The price of this watch is very
high. 这只表的价格太高了。The price of this
book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来
说是不低。
下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照：The
price of this computer is expensive.(宜改
为：This computer is expensive. 或The price
of this computer is high. )The price of this
pen is not cheap for him to buy.(宜改为：
This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The
price of this pen is not low for him. )
5. alone/ lonely
lonely 与alone 的意思比较接近，但在使用时
有所区别：
(1)lonely 用作形容词，意思是"孤单的；寂
寞的"。可指心灵上的寂寞，也可指偏僻的
地点。在句中既可作表语，也可作定语。
(2)alone 可作形容词和副词，意思是"单独；
独自"，不指心理上寂寞的感觉。She was
taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she
never felt lonely.她被带到一个荒岛上，自己
居住，但她从不感到寂寞。
6. before long/ long before
(1)before long 作“不久以后”讲，切不要按字面译
为“长时间以前”或“好久以前”。如：
We hope to finish our experiment before
long. 我们希望不久（以后）就把实验做
完。
(2)long before 作"很久以前"讲。原意为"……以
前很久"，故也可译为"老早"。long before 跟
before long
不同，前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句；当
上下文明确时，名词或从句还可以省略。Before
long 则没有上述搭配用法。 They began the test
yesterday, but we had made experiment long
before.
我们昨天开始做实验，但我们在那以前很久
就已经做准备了。
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7. as/ when/ while
(1)as 是连词，意思是"当……的时候，一面……一面
"，（强调同时，一般连续时间不长），如：As
we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came
in.
正当我们谈论"泰坦尼克号"这部电影时，教师
进来了。The students sing as they go along. 学
生们边走边唱。
(2)When 和as 一样都是连词，注意它们的不
同。如when"当……的时候"（一般表示动作
紧接着发生）；
"那时"（等立连词，前有逗号分开）I stayed till
sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下
山，那时天开始下雨了。
(3)while 是"当……时候；和……同时"（强调同时
发生，一般连续时间较长）
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我
在看电视的时候，他正在看书。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希
望。
8. beat/win/ hit
(1)beat 是动词，意思是"连续地打; 打败; 敲打"。
beat 后可接人或队名。意思是"击败对手。"如：
I can beat you at swimming.
(2)win 意思是"赢得某个项目"，后面常接
"match, game"。如：He won a game. 他胜一
局。We won a match. 我们比赛得胜。
(3)hit 意思是"击中"（有时可表示"打一下"）。
如：The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈
妈生气，打了她孩子一下。
9. keep doing/keep on doing
(1)keep doing 侧重表示"持续不停地做某事"或"持
续某种状态"。如： The girl kept crying all the
time. 那个女孩一直在哭。 The baby kept
sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大
约四个小时。
(2)keep on doing 表示"总不断做某事"，不表
示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying,
standing 这类
词连用。如：It kept on raining for seven days.
Don't keep on asking such silly questions.
10. get/ turn/ become
这三个词都可作系动词用，表示状态的
变化，后跟表语，但三个词的用法稍有不
同。get 强调情感、气候和环境的变化；
turn 强调色彩的变化；而become 则强调
职务、职称等的变化。如：
The days are getting shorter and
shorter in winter．冬天的白天越来越
短。She couldn't answer the question
and her face turned red．她回答不出
问题，脸红了。When did you become
a teacher - Ten years ago.你什么时候
当的老师十年前。
11. steal / rob
从意思上讲steal 表示偷窃的意思。而rob 表
示抢劫的意思；从搭配上来讲，steal sth from
sb/sth ;而rob 则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如：
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He stole money from the rich to give it to the
poor.
They robbed the bank of one million dollars.
12. see/look/watch/notice
在英语中，see，look，watch，notice 都有
“看”的意思，要注意他们的区别。
see 意为“看到”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意
识地看到物体，强调“看到”的结果。
look 意为“看”，表示有意识地观看，强调“看”
的动作。
watch 意为“观看，注视”，指以较大的注意力
观看。
notice 意为“看到，注意到”，指有意识的注
意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如：
What can you see in the picture 在图画中你能
看到什么
Look! How happily they are playing！看！他
们玩得多高兴啊！
He’s watched TV for over two hours．他看了
两个多小时的电视。
He noticed a purse lying on the road．他注意
到地上有个钱包。
13. Shoot/ shoot at
shoot 是及物动词，意思是“射中，射死”，宾
语多为人或动物等。而shoot at 是一个动词词
组，意为“向……射击”，至于射中或射死与否不得
而知。如：
The man shot five birds in the forest．那个人
在森林里射死（中）了五只鸟。
The hunter shot at the bear．猎人朝熊射击
了。
They shot at the she－wolf， but didn't
shoot her．他们向那只母狼射击，但是没有
射中／死。
14. escape/ run away
(1)escape 作“逃跑”、“逃脱”或“逃避”讲时，往往
会有成功之意。如：
The old man escaped death．那个老人死里逃
生。
The thief escaped from prison．那个小偷越狱
了。
(2)run away 作“逃跑”、“跑走”讲时，往往强调动
作。如：
Don't let him run away． 别让他跑了。
口语中escape 和run away 可以互用。
15. so that..../ so... that....
(1) so that....为了，以便 。引导一个目的状语
从句，从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一
个结果状语从句。如：
I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early
bus.Speak loudly, so that they can hear what
you say. He didn't study English so that he
lost a chance to work in a foreign company.
(2) so... that....既可引导一个结果状语从句，也
可引导一个目的状语从句。如：The
classroom was so noisy that I could hardly
study.I got up so early in the morning that I
could catch the train.
【考点扫描】
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中考考点在本单元主要集中在：
1. 过去将来时；
2. 过去完成时；
3. 动词不定式；
4. 定语从句；
5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
6. 本单元学过的交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文
填空和完成句子。
【中考范例】
1. (2004 年济宁市中考试题)
He wanted to know ______________.
A. whether he speaks at the meeting B.
when the meeting would start
B. what he’s going to do at the meeting
D. where would the meeting be held
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语
从句的语序和时态。因为主句的时态是一般
过去时，所以从句应用过去将来时，这就排
除了A 和B。宾语从句的时态应该是陈述句
的语序，所以只有B 是对的。
2. (2004 年烟台市中考试题)
---Why didn’t you go to the movie
yesterday
---Because I ___________ it before.
A. had watched B. have seen C. have
watched D. had seen
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词
的搭配以及现在完成时和过去完成时的用法
区别。看电影习惯商用see a movie, 又因为
说的昨天以前发生的事情，应该用过去完成
时。只有D 正确。
3. (2004 年重庆市中考试题)
---Did you win the football game
---Bad luck. Our team __________ in the
final one.
A. won B. beat C. was won D. was
beaten
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是动词
搭配和动词的语态。动词win 通常和比赛一
类的词连用，不与人或队连用，因此可以排
除A 和C。beat 是个及物动词，既然我们的
运气不好，就是输了，应该用被动语态。
4. (2004 年广州市中考试题)
---Who is the man ________ was talking to
our English teacher
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---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导
定语从句关系代词的选择。由于先行词是
人，可以排除A 和D。而该词在定语从句中
作主语，只有B 合适。
【满分演练】
一. 单项选择
1. Though he is ____________ seventy years
old, he takes exercise every day.
2. The sun rises ___________ and goes down
____________.
the east, in the west the west, in
the east
the east, to the west the east,
from the west
3. Which would you like, Madam, tea or
coffee
____________, thanks. I’d like a glass of
water, please.
4. One of the boys is ________, all the other
boys are _________.
, China English, Chinese
, China , Chinese
5. ---How soon will you finish the building
--- __________________________.
two months months
two months two months
6. They did ______________ their father told
them.
7. The fish smells ______________. You mustn’t
eat it.
8. Either you or he _______________ the team.
in on on in
9. He was made _____________ thirteen hours
a day by his boss.
work on in
10. ___________ you work, ___________ you will
do.
, better harder, the worse
, best harder, the better
11. Mrs Hu asked Liu Fang and __________ to
take part in the English meeting.
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12. Tell the students _____________ their
English books.
take carry bring
13. It _____________ us two hours’ walk to get
to our school.
14. My little sister is so tired, she can hardly
walk, ____________
she she ’t she ’t she
15. __________ Yellow River is the second
longest river is our country.
A./
16. ---Do you want to _____ at the meeting.
---No, I have nothing to ______________.
, speak , talk , say , say
need something to drink, don’t you
--- ________________________________.
at all needn’t , please , please
18. She asked me _____ he could dance or
sing.
19. ---Aren’t you Mary’s sister
---_____________________ I’m her aunt.
, I am , I’m not , I’m not , I am
20. _____________, no man has travelled
farther than the moon.
now far far now
二. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Class 3 won the football match and our
class _____ by them. (beat)
2. By last Friday the students _____ (learn)all
their new lessons.
3. He will be a worker after he _____ (finish)
middle school.
4. I felt like ______ (have) a rest after lunch.
5. Is there another way of ______ (answer) the
question
6. I’ll tell him the news that our class ______
(win).
7. Jim made us ______ (agree) with him.
8. The teacher _____ (give) us a lesson when
Tom walked into the room.
9. Someone saw him ______ (fall) off the
horse just now.
10. Look! A group of policemen ______ (run)
into that room.
三. 改写句子
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1. None of the doctors knows about the
matter.
_____ _____ know about the matter.
2. Tom is taller than John.
Jonh is not _____ _______ _____ Tom.
3. The jacket cost so little that he bought it.
The jacket _____ ______ _____ for him to
buy.
4. Jim had a good journey home.
Jim ______ _____ very much ____ ____
_______ home.
5. I didn’t finish my work in time because my
pen was broken.
The ____ pen stopped ______ _____
finishing my work in time.
四. 完形填空
Hundreds of years ago, life was 1 than
2 today. People didn’t have modern
machines. There 3 modern medicine, 4 .
Life today 5 new problems. One of the
biggest is pollution (污染). Water pollution
has 6 our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our
fish and affects (影响) our drinking water.
Noise pollution makes us 7 louder and 8 .
Air pollution is the most serious kind of
pollution. It affects 9 living thing in the
world.
Cars, planes and factories all pollute (污
染) our air every day. Sometimes the
pollution is so 10 that it is like a quilt (被状
物)over a city. This kind of quilt is called
smog. (烟雾)
1. hard harder harder more harder
2. are were was is
3. not no
4.
5. got brought
6.
7.
8. happy more happily angry much
more easier
angry much easier and more
slowly
9.
10.
五. 阅读理解
（A）
90
Since the beginning of time, man has
invented many interesting things. Some of
these inventions, like numbers and the radio
have certainly changed history. Since 1946,
one of the most important inventions has
been the computer. It will change all our
lives. The first computer was built at
Harvard University（哈佛大学） in 1944. it
was as large as a room and quite difficult
and slow to operate（运行）. But since the
invention of the silicon chip（硅片）,
computer have become smaller, easier to
use, and faster to operate. Some computers
are as small as television sets. Some
computers can be made smaller than a book.
And computers are getting smaller all the
time. There are several reasons（原因）
why computer is useful to us. First it can
store（储藏） very, very large amount（数
量） of information（信息）. Second, the
computer can operate very quickly. Third,
modern computer can be built into other
kinds of machines, like radios, cars, and
planes. They can do a lot of work for us.
Soon, almost everyone, either at home or at
work, will use some kind of computer. The
lives of all of us will be changed by this
invention.
判断下列句子是否符合短文内容。符合
的用“A”表示；不符合的用“B”表示.1.
According to（根据）this passage, many
inventions have changed history and
people’s life.2. The first computer was
built in the middle of the 19th century（世
纪）.3. A modern computer can be made
smaller than silicon chip.4. The computer
has been made much better since the
invention of the silicon chip.5. The computer
is useful because it can store lots of
information, it can operate very
quickly and can be built into other
machines.
(B)
Joe Biggs was a butcher (屠夫). His shop
was in a village in one of the most beautiful
parts of southern England . He worked in it
for many years while his father was there.
Then, when his father reached the age of 65,
91
he stopped working in the shop. Joe was
alone in it, so he had to work harder.
Joe worked five and a half day a week.
His shop shut at one o’clock on Thursday,
and it was shut the whole of Sunday.
Saturdays were the busiest days.
Joe had a big refrigerator (冰箱)in his
shop, but he tried not to buy too much
meat at a time.
One Thursday a woman came into the
shop at five minutes to one. “I’m sorry I’m
very late,” she said, “but some people have
just telephoned to say that they are going to
come to dinner tonight, and I need some
more meat.”
Joe only had one piece of good meat in
the shop. He had sold all the rest earlier in
the day. He took the piece out and said to
the woman. “This is ￡.”
“That piece is too small,” the woman
answered. “Haven’t you got anything
bigger”
Joe went into the room behind his shop,
opened the refrigerator, put the piece of
meat into it, took it out again and shut the
door of the refrigerator with a lot of noise.
Then he brought the piece of meat back to
the woman and said, “This piece is bigger
and more expensive. It’s ￡.”
“Good,” the woman answered with a
smile. “give me both of them, please.”
6. Joe worked alone in the shop ________.
Saturdays Thursdays
his father died his father stopped
working
7. Joe sold meat in his shop _______.
Thursday afternoons Sundays
Fridays day
8. One day a woman came to his shop
________.
1:55, Tuesday
1:05
say sorry to him
someone had suddenly telephoned her
9. Which of the following is true
bought all the meat from him.
woman didn’t want the expensive piece of
meat.
92
brought the woman a different piece.
woman wanted to buy the two pieces of
meat together.
only had one piece of good meat because
______.
’s refrigerator had broken.
tried not to buy too much meat at a time.
knew that the meat would go bad (变质).
had no money to buy more.
(C)
If you go into the forest with friends,
stay with them always. If you don’t, you may
get lost. If you really get lost, this is what
you should do. Sit down and stay where you
are. Don’t try to find your them find you by
staying in one place.
There is another way to help your
friends or other nearby people to find you.
Give them a signal by shouting or whistling
(打口哨) three times. Stop. Then shout or
whistle three times. Any signal given three
times is a call for help.
Keep up the shouting or whistling
always three times together. When people
hear you, they will know that you are not
just making noise for fun. They will let you
know that they have heard your signal. They
will give two shouts, two whistles or two gun
shots (枪声). When someone gives a signal,
it is an answer to a call for help.
If you don’t think that you will get help
before night comes, try to make a little
house — cover up the holes with
branches(树枝) with lots of leaves. Make
yourself a soft bed with leaves and grass.
What should you do if you get hungry
or need drinking water You would have to
leave your little branch house to look for a
river. Don’t just walk away. Pick off small
branches and drop them as you walk so that
you can find your way back.
The most important thing to do when
you are lost is — stay in one place.
11. If you got lost in the forest,you should
_______.
where you are and give a signal three
times
93
around the forest and shouted so that
your friends might hear you
to find your friends as soon as possible
to get out of the forest and shouted for
help
12. If you want to let people believe that you
are not just making noise for fun you
should ________.
that you are lost
up the shouting or whistling
at the top of your voice
or whistle once in a while
13. When you hear _______ shouts or whistles
or gun shots,you know that _______.
; people will soon come to help you
; some one is asking for help
; people will soon come to help you
; someone is asking for help
14. When you are lost in the forest, but you
want to leave your place to get water,
you should ________.
go to the river
a bowl or a glass, and then go
a fire so that you might make yourself
some hot tea
marks (标志)as you go to the river so that
you can find your way back
15. This story mainly (主要地)tells you
_______.
when someone gives a signal always
three times, it is a call for help
you should do if you get lost in the forest
when any signal given twice means an
answer to a call for help
D. What you should do if you get lost in
the street
六. 书面表达
根据提示写一篇有关你今天活动的日记
要求：1、字数在60—80 个单词左右。
2、日期、天气状况等放在日记行文格式
上。
3、今天是2005 年3 月3 日，星期六早
晨6 点45 分起床，匆忙去上学，
学校停课。然后和几个同学去公园野
餐，乘车回家。9 点睡觉。
94
初
一年级（上）
【练习答案】
一.
二.
三.
四.
五. ; my ; are ; ours go teacher’s
六. (A)
(B)1. A 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 B
(C)
初
一年级（下）
【练习答案】
一. 1. . . . D. 7. . 11. 13. A. 14. C. 15. . B 17. . . . C.
二. . full 2. mend 3. Long 4. window 5. wrong
B. 1. women 2. mine 3. friendly 4. him 5. driver
C. 1. teacher's 2. pens 3. looks 4. play 5.
climbing 6. closed 7. has 8. China 9. eat 10.
working
三.
四.
五. . 8
六. This old man comes from Sydney. He
likes China very much. Now, he is teaching
in Beijing. He says Beijing is big and
beautiful, he likes working here.
初二年级（上）
【练习答案】
一. 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10.
C
二. I. 1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. D 9.
D 10. C
三. 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. C
10. C
四. (A)
(B)
(C)
五. 1. will stop later on 2. because, too cold
3. in, northwest delicious
above zero
六. 1. How hot 2. It, in 3. at times 4. will
snow heavily about
初二年级（上）
【练习答案】
一.
二. 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. C
10. B
三. (A) 1. B 4. A 5. B
(B) 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A
(C)
95
四. say sorry to you asked me to do in the
garden good memory the robot
difficult to remember these words
meat the time born in 10. Good luck
初二
英语（下）
【练习答案】
一. 1. C 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 B 7 A 12 B 16. C 17. C
18. B 19. D 20. A
二.
三. (A) 1. B
(B) . 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C
(C) 1. D
四.
五. 1. one of the most popular subjects
2. take the box3. learn from
4. is planning to5. was born in Shanghai, on
June 29, 1987.
6. am happy/pleased7. not to be
8. play jokes on 9. work out
10. Are you sure
初三年
级（上）
【练习答案】
一. 3D 5. B 8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D 13. C 14.
D 15. B
二.
三. (A) 1. C 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A
(B) 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B
(C) 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B
四. 1. not 2. about 3. with 4. How 5. by
五. 1. What, for 2. last for 3. playing with 4.
take, with 5. is like 6. for telling 7. didn't,
until 8. from, to
初
三年级（中）
【练习答案】
一. 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. D
17. D 18. B 19. B
二. done , finished spoken
三.
四. (A)
(B)
(C)
五. right
96
六. (A) was seven years , to be
remembered a 5. are used (B) our best
talking and stronger be on display
, to finish
初三年
级（下）
【练习答案】
一.
二.1. was beaten 2. had learnt/learned 3.
finishes 4. having 5. answering 6.
has/have won 7. agree 8. was giving 9.
fall 10. are running
三. doctors 2. so/as tall as 3. was cheap
enough 4. enjoyed himself; when he
travelled ; me from
四.
五.
六. Saturday Mar3,2005
Sunny
Today is Saturday. I got up at 6:45 this
morning. I had a quick breakfast and then
went to school in a hurry, but we don’t have
classes on Saturday. Then I telephoned
some classmates and asked them to have a
picnic. They were very pleased. We got to
the park and enjoyed ourselves. At about
5:00 in the afternoon, we went home by bus.
I was too tired, so I’ll go to bed at 9:00.
