重难点02 名词单复数变化规律
考点
五年考情（2021-2025）
命题趋势
考点1：名词的单复数变化
（5 年4 考）
2024 全国高考英语II 卷—themes;
2024 全国甲卷—treasures;
2023 北京卷—cities;
2021 全国乙卷—Activities;
1.考查重心从“形式变
化”转向“句法功能判
断”，如考查名词复数的
规则变化，通过设置完整
的句法结构来判断。
2.从“规则记忆”转向
“不规则与派生词的精准
运用”，如考查拼写不规
则、词形变化特殊的名
词，以及通过添加后缀派
生的名词。
3.从“单一考点”转向
“语境下的词义与词性甄
别”，考查语境结合，如
根据句意选择正确的派生
考点2 规则名词复数的直接构
成（5 年9 考）
2025 全国II 卷—afternoons;
2025 浙江1 月卷—times;
2024 新课标I 卷—favorites;
2023 新高考II 卷—interviews;
2023 全国乙卷—wonders;
2023 浙江1 月卷—events;
2022 新高考I 卷—populations;
2021 新高考I 卷—humans;
内容导航
速度提升
技巧掌握
手感养成
重难考向聚焦
锁定目标 精准打击：本专项核心考查方向与高考高频难点是名词单复数变化规律，梳理近3 年高考
该题型的重难考点分布（如2025 年全国卷IⅠ语法填空占比6.6%）
重难技巧突破
授予利器 瓦解难点： 1.
——
“
”
句法功能判断
必须用名词的信号
2.
——
词形转换陷阱
拼写与意义的特殊变化
3.抽象名词与固定搭配
重难保分练
稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦5 种类型可稳拿分数题目，确保重难点基础分值
重难抢分练
突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦5 种类型中高难度题目，争夺关键分数
重难冲刺练
模拟实战 挑战顶尖：挑战高考和模拟综合题型，养成稳定攻克难题的“题感”。
2021 全国甲卷—watchtowers。
词，主要方式是词义选择
和词性甄别。
考点3 名词的格（主要是所有
格）
（5 年3 考）
2025 浙江1 月卷—people’s;
2022 新高考II 卷—son’s；
2021 浙江1 月卷—person’s
考点4 冠词(a/an/the)与名词的固
定搭配
（5 年1 考）
2022 全国乙卷—responsibility;
考点5 词性转换（派生名词）
（5 年17 考）
2025 全国I 卷—guidance;
2025 全国II 卷—absence;
2025 浙江1 月卷—solution;
2024 全国I 卷—richness;
2024 全国II 卷—visibility;
2024 全国甲卷—completion;
2024 浙江1 月卷—criticism;
2024 北京卷—self-awareness;
2023 全国II 卷—arrival;
2023 全国甲卷—warning;
2023 浙江6 月卷—photographer
2023 浙江6 月卷—presence
2022 浙江1 月卷—invitation;
2022 浙江6 月卷—marriage;
2022 全国甲卷—protection;
2021 新课标II 卷—representative;
2021 全国乙卷—development。
考点一：考查名词的单复数变化。
1. (2023 北京卷) Mangroves can help soften waves and protect (city) from coastal winds.
答案：cities
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city
作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。
名词变复数的规则
可以清晰地分为两大类：规则变化和不规则变化。
一、规则变化（绝大多数名词属于此类）
1. 绝大多数名词直接加-s，如book→books, student → students, apple→ apples;
2. 以 s, x, z, sh, ch 结尾的名词加-es ，bus→buses, box→boxes, buzz→buzzes, dish→dishes,
watch→watches；
3. 以辅音字母+ y 结尾的名词，变y → i + es，如city→cities, baby→babies, country→countries。注意：以
元音字母 + y 结尾的，直接加-s。如：boy→boys, day→days；
4. 部分以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，变-f 或-fe→ v + es，如leaf→leaves, wife→wives, knife→knives,
half→halves
注意：有直接加-s 的特例，需单独记忆。
【重要】以-f 或-fe 结尾名词的特例（常考）：变为-ves 的常见词：wife, knife, wolf, thief, shelf, leaf, half,
life, self (可以巧记为：妻子 用 小刀 和 狼 搏斗，小偷 从 架子 上偷走了一片 树叶 和 一半 的 生命。)
直接加-s 的常见词：roof→roofs, belief→beliefs, chief→chiefs, proof →proofs, gulf→gulfs (可以巧记为：首
领 相信 证据 在 海湾 和 屋顶 上。)
二、不规则变化（必须牢记，高考高频考点）：不规则变化没有统一的规则，需要特别记忆。
1. 改变内部元音，如man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese, mouse→mice；
2. 词尾加 -en，如child→children, ox→oxen (后者较少考)；
3. 单复数同形，如sheep, deer, fish (指鱼的种类时可用 fishes), Chinese, Japanese, series, means, species。
技巧：这些词通过上下文中的谓语动词或数量词来体现复数。
4. 外来词保留其复数形式，如analysis→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, phenomenon→
phenomena, criterion→criteria, datum→data (现在常作不可数名词)；
2. （2021 全国乙卷）
(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking ( 远足) and
accommodations aim
(to have) a low impact on the natural environment.
答案：Activities
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：那里的活动包括观鲸、徒步旅行，住宿旨在对自然环境的影响降到最低。
所给单词是名词，结合句子的谓语动词range 可知，该名词要用其复数形式。此空位于句首，应该用大写
字母。故填Activities。
特殊名词的复数形式
一、复合名词的复数（易错点）：复合名词变复数时，通常将主体名词变为复数。
1.名词+名词：将后一个作为主体名词变为复数（如果后一个名词是中心词），如：pencil box→pencil
boxes (铅笔盒)；
2. 名词+介词/副词：将前面的名词变为复数，如passer-by→passers-by (过路人), mother-in-law
→mothers-in-law (岳母)；
3. 无中心名词：在词尾加-s，如grown-up→grown-ups (成年人), forget-me-not→forget-me-nots (勿忘我
花)。
二、常以复数形式出现的名词
这些名词本身通常表示由两部分构成的东西或特定的概念，通常用作复数。如clothes (衣服),
trousers / pants (裤子), glasses (眼镜), scissors (剪刀), belongings (所有物), surroundings (环境), findings (调
查结果)。
重要提示
“
”
：表示一条裤子要用 a pair of trousers，作主语时，谓语动词与 pair 一致。如：This pair of
trousers is...
3. (原创) The ___________ (find), mostly from the Yinxu site in Anyang, are of great value because present-day
written characters can trace their history to the inscriptions.
答案：findings
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：这些发现大多来自安阳的殷墟遗址，具有很高的价值，因为现在的汉字
可以追溯到这些铭文。提示词是动词，应该变为名词，另外句中谓语是复数形式are，所以本空也应该用复
数形式。故填findings。
考点二：考查规则名词复数的直接构成。
4.（2025 全国II 卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the (absence) of
smog and plenty of blue sky (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
答案：afternoons
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午
有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。
故填afternoons。
5. Systematic recordings of these pieces through traditional ink rubbings and digitized
(approach)
will also begin.
答案：approaches
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：通过传统的拓片技术和数字化的方法对这些甲骨进行系统的记录也将开始。
本空作主语，用名词approach“方法”，方法不止一个，用复数形式。故填approaches。
考点三：考查名词的格（主要是所有格）。
名词的格
主要分为三种：主格、宾格和所有格。其中，所有格是高考的绝对重点和难点。
所有格的构成分为 ’s 所有格 和 of 所有格 两种。
一、’s 所有格的构成规则：
1. 大多数单数名词，词尾加 ’s，如my mother’s car, the cat’s tail；
2. 以-s 结尾的复数名词，词尾只加 ’（撇号），如the teachers’ office, the students’ books，这是最常考
的易错点之一。
3. 不以-s 结尾的复数名词，词尾加 ’s，如the children’s toys, women’s rights；
4. 以-s 结尾的单数人名/地名，通常加 ’s，读作 /ɪz/，如Charles’s job, Thomas’s idea, Jones’s car；
5. 并列名词，若表示共同所有，在最后名词加 ’s；若表示各自所有，每个名词都加 ’s。如Lucy and
Lily’s room (共有的房间)，Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms (各自不同的房间)。完形填空中常需根据上下文判
断。
二、 of 所有格的构成
of 所有格通常用于表示无生命事物的所属关系。
结构： the + 名词 + of + 名词
示例：the door of the room (房间的门)，the name of the film (电影的名字)，the development of
technology (科技的发展)
6.（2025 浙江1 月卷）“I really want to make this work for (people) lives today, and I know that
doesn’t always mean (returning) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.
答案：people’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活，我知道这并不总
是意味着在一个特别的周末后的周一归还礼服。提示词修饰名词lives，需用名词所有格people’s，作定语。
故填people’s。
7. （2022 新高考II 卷）“He saved my
(son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.“I don’t know
(how)
to thank him.”
答案：son’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：“他救了我儿子的命，”Mrs. Brown 说，“我不知道如何感谢他。”设
空处修饰后面的life，life 与提示词son 之间是所属关系，故应使用名词所有格。故用son’s。
考点四：考查冠词(a / an / the)与名词的固定搭配。
8.（2022 全国乙卷）As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the (largest)
tea-producing country, China has a
(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy
development of the tea industry.
答案：responsibility
【解析】考查名词。句意：作为国际茶日的主要推动者、茶叶的故乡和最大的产茶国，中国有责任与其他
国家一道，促进茶产业的健康发展。根据空前的冠词a 可知，空格处需要用名词形式。have a responsibility
to do sth 表示“有责任做某事”。故填responsibility。
9.（原创）In an effort to battle desertification and relieve the unfavorable ___________ (effect) of shifting sands
and dust storms on nearby residents, the “Green Great Wall” has gradually emerged.
答案：effects
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：为了对抗沙漠化，减轻流沙和沙尘暴对附近居民的不利影响，“绿色长
城”逐渐形成。分析句子可知，这里考查“relieve the effects on/upon...”，是固定搭配，表示“减轻对……
的影响”。故填on 或upon。
考点五：考查词性转换（派生名词）。
10.（2025 全国I 卷）“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your
(guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition.
答案：guidance
【解析】考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此
处作follow 的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。
11.（2025 全国II 卷）The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the __________
(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky (afternoons) with lots of fresh air.
答案：absence
【解析】考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天
很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to 的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填
absence。
12.（2025 浙江1 月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women (to rent) rather than purchase them
outright, providing a less expensive (solve) to one-time event dressing.
答案：solution
【解析】考查名词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动
着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语，用名词solution，意为“解决方案”，有冠词a 修饰，
用单数形式。故填solution。
（建议用时：20 分钟）
【类型一：名词的单复数规则变化】
1. Wang Yi, deputy director of the Sichuan Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism, (noted) in an
interview that they proved cultural exchanges between the ancient Shu kingdom and other
(region),
including Hong Kong.
2.（2024 全国甲卷）They are ____________ (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park
system come about?
3.（25-26 高三上·江苏南京·期中）China has become the world’s largest indoor ski market, home to over half of
world’s total ski
(enthusiastic) and six out of the ten biggest ones 39 (globally).
4. Many cities and provinces have included industrial tourism in their
(policy) to boost the local
tourism market.
5. The journey sees them save villagers from evil yaoguais and be remembered as
(hero).
【类型二：名词复数的不规则变化】
6. (原创) A user named Eddy Liu created a group chat offering in-depth _____________ (analysis) on mastering
Xiaohongshu, while others have posted instructions to make the Chinese-dominated app more accessible.
7. (原创) According to Shi, another professor, her museum will cooperate with the university’s School of Artificial
Intelligence to look for the possibility of using the technology to facilitate the rejoining work based on analysis of
big ___________ (datum).
【类型三：名词的格（主要是所有格）】
8. (2021 年1 月浙江高考）It is calculated by dividing a __________ (person) weight in kg by their
height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 ___ (is considered) healthy.
9. Li Ziqi, one of the most popular (influencers) in China, made a dramatic return to social media after a
three-year hiatus, capturing the
(world) attention from home and abroad.
【类型四：词性转换（派生名词）】
10.（25-26 高三上·浙江杭州）In fact, even within any one of these languages, it is impossible to guarantee
__________ (consistent).
11. The newly opened AdventHealth Cancer Institute (had seen) strong public interest by last month, with
patient
(attend) surpassing expectations.
12.（2025·浙江·一模）Their performances embody both strength and
(soft).
13. The Hongkou District Sports Festival, aiming to establish Shanghai’s Ruihong Tiandi as an integrated sports
and
(consume) centre, kicked off on July 5.
14.（24-25 高三下·辽宁·期中）This centuries-old practice, deeply (rooted) in Chinese culture, was once a
symbol of
(elegant) for women, especially in the southeastern regions.
15. One of the reasons for the league’s rapid rise is its focus on mass
(participate).
16. It plays a key role in (preserving) the nation’s written heritage — a legacy that carries the __________
(wise) of scholars and artists over millennia.
17. With the successful completion of the green barrier, this region, once troubled by serious sandstorms, is set to
see renewed
(vital) and dynamic ecosystems.
18. Covering more than 200 pages, this book is organized into five sections, reflecting the journey of US-China
__________ (engage) since diplomatic (外交的) ties began in 1979.
19. After the
(appear) of modern mechanical umbrellas, traditional oil-paper umbrellas suffered from
declining sales.
20. The famous artist believed in the
(connect) between youth and creativity.
（建议用时：20 分钟）
【类型一：名词的单复数规则变化】
1. (原创) The rapid development of modern ____________ (city) brings both opportunities and challenges.
2. (原创) The firefighters worked together to carry the heavy ____________ (box) out of the burning
building.
3. (原创) In autumn, the ground is covered with golden _____________ (leaf) from the trees.
4. (原创) We watched several fascinating documentary _____________ (video) about wildlife in different
countries.
5. (原创) For dinner, she prepared a delicious pasta sauce with fresh ______________ (tomato) and herbs.
【答案】tomatoes
【解析】考以-o 结尾的名词复数。句意：晚餐时，她准备了新鲜的番茄和香草制成的美味意大利面酱。根
据名词变复数的规则，以辅音字母加-o 结尾的名词，其复数形式需加-es。句中with 表示“带有”，后面的
名词tomato 需用复数形式tomatoes 来表示多种材料。故填tomatoes。
【类型二：名词复数的不规则变化】
6. (原创)The scientists collected a great deal of data from various _____________ (phenomenon) they observed in
the lab.
7. (原创)There are many _____________ (criterion) for judging a good piece of writing, and clarity is one of the
most important ones.
8. (原创) In the photo, you can see several women doctors and a few _____________ (child) playing in the
background.
【类型三：名词的格（主要是所有格）】
9. (原创) The ______________ (children) enthusiasm for the science project was truly inspiring.
10. (原创) After a two _______________ (weeks) journey, the explorers finally reached their destination.
11. (原创) That new sports car in the parking lot belongs to a friend of my _____________ (brother).
12. (原创) The _____________ (company) decision to invest in renewable energy was widely praised by
all the employees.
13. (原创) The entire class is immersed in the collective revision, getting ready for the _____________ (year)
final exams in the coming week.
【类型四：词性转换（派生名词）】
14. (原创) The successful _____________ (achieve) of these goals requires both determination and careful
planning.
15. (原创) His ____________ (refuse) to cooperate with the local company made the entire project much
more difficult.
16. (原创) The _____________ (long) of the bridge is approximately 2.5 kilometers, making it one of the
longest in the region.
17. (原创) There is a strong _____________ (friend) between the two countries, built on decades of
mutual trust.
18. (原创) The scientist presented a new ______________ (explain) for the unusual experimental results.
19. ( 原创) The ______________ (discover) of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928 revolutionized
modern medicine.
20. (原创) His sudden _______________ (depart) from the company where he was working surprised all
of his colleagues.
（建议用时：15 分钟）
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二、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Following the success of “Ne Zha 2”, another Chinese animated film “Nobody” has gone viral. Its box office
earnings 1 (total) 776 million yuan since its debut (首次推出) on August 2, smashing the record for
Chinese-made 2D animated films. On Douban, 2 film review platform known for its stringent (严格的)
ratings, the animation has scored an 3 (impress) 8.6, edging out “Ne Zha 2” by 0.1 points.
“Both films are excellent. The former has grand special effects, while the latter excels in storytelling,” a
movie-goer 4 surname is Cao said.
5 (base) on the classic “Journey to the West”, the film doesn’t focus on the Monkey King. Instead, it
spotlights monsters that appear in the novel. A group of four low-level yaoguais decide to journey west by dressing
up 6 Monk Tang’s team. The journey sees them save villagers from evil yaoguais and be remembered as 7
(hero).
“The film puts contemporary themes onto minor yaoguais, 8 (ultimate) crafting a new story,” said
producer Chen Liaoyu. Many viewers love 9 (it) sarcastic (讽刺的) take on work culture and focus on
minor characters. “The cinema is filled with laughs of kids and adults’ tears,” one Douban comment reads. “As
kids, we dreamed of being the Monkey King, only 1 0
(realize) we’re ordinary yaoguais as adults.”
Professor Liang said Chinese creators reinvent traditional stories while honoring original values.
