专题 03 真题体裁阅读微解—说明文
第一节 解题技能微解
一、考情聚焦
说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和作引用等手段，具体描述一项研究或者
介绍一项新产品、新技术，让读者了解信息，说明文通常不包含作者的个人观点。
二、命题规律及解题策略
1.命题规律
说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经
济发展中出现的新生事物等。说明事物可采用多种方式，如举例、分类法或类比、对比法，给事物下定义
或分析事物产生的原因以及后果。
☞ 举例说明法，使用例子说明事物，阐明观点；
☞ 分解展开法，着重于事物的区别、差异；
☞ 分类展开法，强调事物的相像之处；
☞ 类比法，说明事物如何相似；
☞ 对比法，说明事物如何不同；
☞ 因果说明法，说明事物发生的原因及结果。
除了用文字说明以外，说明文中常使用数据，图片等资料。无论采用什么说明方法，作者都是为了说
明事物的本质特征、清晰地展现所说明的事物。因此，阅读说明文的关键是：抓住事物特点，即抓住说明
对象的本质特征。
一般说来，说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，
即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why（注意这里要区别于记叙文的六要素）
1. Who：这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
2. What：主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）
3. When和Where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）
4. How：通过什么方式表现出来的？（即方式的具体内容）
5. Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？（即原因解释）
做说明文阅读的时候，一定要记住上面的 Wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
2.高频考点
①强转折对比: but/however/yet/unlike...
②段首段尾句:最重要/考试一定重点关注
③列举处:firstly/secondly/thirdly; initially/additionally...
④举例、比喻处: as/such as/for instance/for example...
⑤引用人物论断:引用某名人的论断或重要发现等
⑥复杂句常考:复杂句常是出题之处，如同位语、插入语、定语……
⑦因果句常考:because/as/therefore/consequently/originate from...
⑧特殊标点符号处:破折号，括号，冒号，引号……
3.五大行文模式
①现象解释型——对自然现象或社会现象进行解释
②问题解答型——对问题进行分析应对
③观点论证型——对作者观点进行论证
④新老观点对比型——对某事过去和现在对比来突出现在的是与非⑤实验型 ——掌握实验目的与实验结论
4.解题原则
①主旨题（中心思想、写作目的、加标题）:遵循“三出现原则”即中心词或中心词的近义词必须出现；
细节出现不是答案；无关选项出现更不是答案。
②因果条件细节题:找出表示因果或条件的词眼——分清谁是因谁是果；谁是条件谁是结果；若出现多
个因果关系则要辨别问的是哪个。
③比较型细节题:遵循语言形式对应或含义对应（正确选项通常形式也是比较式，同时要做到含义一
致）。
④实验型细节题:通常与实验目的和实验结果相关（实验是为了得出结果）。
⑤选择正误题:通常要求选出错误或正确的一项，四个选项通常分布在全文不同的地方；每个选项的定
位要根据八大常考处及该题的题号顺序。
⑥列举题:若文中列举了多处信息，务必注意选项与原文细节上的对应是否做到了精确改写。
⑦举例题:一般分为两种情况，一种是问例子本身（细节题），另一种是问例子在文中的作用。做题时
一定要分清是哪种情况。
⑧推理题:避免过度推理，无中生有；正确选项一般是对原文的归纳总结或正话反说。
⑨单词释义题:根据上下文及构词解题。
⑩观点态度题:重点理解段首段尾句中动词、形容词和副词，可领会作者的观点态度。
5.解题策略
⑴快速浏览主题
快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等最重要的信息，以了解语篇提供的是哪方面的
信息，并判定行文方式。
⑵速读题干，跳读定位信息
接下来阅读每一道试题，根据题干定位信息点，并在文章中找出答案或相关信息。在定位和寻找信息
点的时候，可以充分利用加粗字体的标题、小标题、加下划线的语句等重要信息提高阅读和解题速度，如
果每则信息的项目及其位置具有一致性和对应性，就可利用其一致性和对应性快速查找答案，查找信息时
不一定要读完全文。
①对立选项通常选其一，相同意思选项同时排除；
②若该题精确定位在第二段，则精确对应在其他段落的选项再精确也不对；
③非常符合常识及人们潜意识的选项若原文没有正面回应或谈及则不是答案；
⑶题文对应
说明文答题有一个基本原则，答案往往就在原材料中。为此，必须根据题意，从原材料中找出与各个
选项相对应的句段，并从这些句段中提取有效信息，找准已知条件，作为解题的依据。这是答题的关键。
④选项与文中某处信息极为对应但其谓语动词已被偷梁换柱则不是答案；
⑤文中不同句子内容的拼凑一定不是答案；
⑥极端选项通常不是答案，除非文中有明显的对应词；
⑦过于笼统的选项只是与文章相关通常不是答案，同理，文中的细节以点概面通常也非答案；
⑷细读解题信息
最后，即紧扣题干的要求，根据查找的相关信息，经过思考后选出正确答案。
⑧由文中某处信息推理得出的若干个可能情况的相关选项通常不是答案；
⑨定位处信息要尤为注意形容词、副词、语气词及动词；
⑩细节题的考察一定注意出题人问的角度：是问细节本身还是细节在文中的作用（例子数据名言等）。
⑸逐项比较，得出最佳
做阅读理解题，切不可凭主观印象，想当然地确定答案。任何一道题目，均可以在原文中找到相关线
索，这就如同破译密码一样。做题人的思维过程和编题人的思维过程恰好相反，编题人先找好线索，然后设计问题和选项，解题人根据问题，再去文中找相关线索。因此，我们做题时要逐项比较，排除错误选项，
得出最佳答案。
三、技能透视
1.巧借题材特征，捕捉具体信息，促进细节理解
说明文题材涵盖广泛，在历年高考题中多以科普、社会生活、历史文化等内容为主。以科普说明文为
例，它着重对科学现象、道理和观点进行阐述，其特点是对其成因、关系以及原理进行说明。目的是让学
生明白这种现象是什么、为什么是这样。因此，学生可根据抽象事理阐述的因果关系，提取关键信息，定
位原文区域，获取细节信息。
例1.（2023宝山一模）
When disaster strikes a community, it is often critical that assistance be provided right away. The best first
responders are the people who call that area home. The Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program
teaches civilians how to prepare themselves for dangers that might affect their communities. Teams of volunteers
are trained in basic skills such as fire safety and prevention, search and rescue, and first aid. After training, these
volunteers can begin to provide immediate assistance in the consequence of disasters before professional rescuers
arrive.
43. According to the passage, when do CERT members usually provide assistance?
A. Before those professional rescuers arrive. B. When uniformed emergency responders arrive.
C. During the early stages of a disastrous event. D. Throughout the process of rescue in a disaster.
【解析】D细节理解题 根据题干中的关键词 “provide assistance”定位到根据第一段 “The Community
Emergency Response Team (CERT) program teaches civilians how to prepare themselves for dangers that might
affect their communities. .……(社区应急响应小组（CERT）项目教平民如何为可能影响他们社区的危险做好
准备。志愿者队伍接受消防安全和预防、搜索和救援以及急救等基本技能的培训。经过培训，这些志愿者
可以在专业救援人员到达之前，在灾难发生后立即提供援助)”可知，CERT成员通常在灾难中救援的整个
过程提供帮助。故选D。
【名师点睛】
说明文中考查的细节理解题命题区域共同点：
（1）在列举处命题。如用 First（ly）、Second（ly）、Third（ly）、Finally、not only...but also、
then、in addition 等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求
的答案项。
（2）在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例
证，这些例句通过比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。
（3）在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、
not so much...as等词语引导，命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。
（4）在比较处命题。无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标
记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。
（5）在复杂句中命题。包括同位语、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子
之间的指代关系和语法关系的理解。
细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与
阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句来表达相同的意思。
2.巧用语篇模式，理清行文脉络，了解主旨大意
语篇模式是篇章的组织形式，主要有问题解决型，假设真实型，概括具体型，匹配比较型等，有时这
几种模式会存在于同一语篇中。这些组织形式也可以在段落中出现，成为某段的行文开展方式。学生可根
据题干准确定位信息，理清结构脉络，明晰段落关键句和词，以此为线索概括段落大意，从中提炼语篇主
旨大意。例2：(2023静安一模)
As Christmas approached, the price of turkey went wild. It didn’t rocket, as some might suggest. Nor did it
crash. It just started waving. We live in the age of the variable prices. In the eyes of sellers, the right price—the one
that will draw the most profit from consumers’ wallets—has become the focus of huge experiments. These sorts of
price experiments have become a routine part of finding that right price.
It may come as a surprise that, in buying a pie, you might be participating in a carefully designed social-
science experiment. But this is what online comparison shopping has brought. Simply put, the convenience to know
the price of anything, anytime, anywhere, has given us, the consumers, so much power that sellers—in a desperate
effort to regain the upper hand, or at least avoid extinction—are now staring back through the screen. They are
trying to “comparison shopping” us.
46. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The advantages of online shopping over traditional shopping.
B. Measures sellers take to maximize profits.
C. The analysis of pricing mechanism.
D. The battle between buyers and sellers in Internet age.
【解析】C 主旨大意题。根据第二段“It may come as a surprise that, in buying a pie, you might be
participating in a carefully designed social-science experiment. But this is what online comparison shopping has
brought. (买馅饼时，你可能会参加一个精心设计的社会科学实验，这可能会让人感到惊讶。但这就是网上
比价购物所带来的。)”和最后一段““In the Internet era, I don’t think anyone could have predicted how
complicated these strategies have become,” says Robert Dolan, a professor at Harvard. (哈佛大学教授罗伯特·多
兰表示：“在互联网时代，我认为没有人能够预测这些策略会变得多么复杂。”。)”可知，这篇文章主要
讲述在网络时代，因为受到很多因素的影响，物品的价格不再是一成不变的了，文章对定价机制进行了分
析。故选C。
【名师点睛】科普说明文阅读读题策略：
策略一：抓住文体特征：主题句：背景引入后\首句
四个部分：标题（简明揭示中心）、背景（引入）、主题（明确提出主题+详细说明）--通过实验、研
究、举例、对比等方式进行以及结尾--简要概括中心
Who-文章的主体是谁（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
What-文章的主体做了什么（即主体表现出的特征、功能和用途）
When and Where-何时何地（即何时何地表现Characteristic）
How-How did the research preform?
Why-特性功能用途的原因（即Why is the research important?）
策略二：抓关键句--首末句 +作者态度句
答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地
对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排
除干扰项，选出正确答案。
策略三：抓出题处
⑴在列举处命题；
⑵在例证处命题，句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导作为例证，这些例句或比
喻就成为命题者设问的焦点；
⑶转折 but,yet,however,nevertheless,rather,though,although,while,in fact,as a matter of fact,on the other
hand,by contrast）；
⑷在比较处命题，无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并
且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰；⑸在复杂句中命题，包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间
的指代关系和语法关系；
⑹带总结归纳（thus,so,therefor,accordingly,consequently,as a result,in a word,in summary,in brief）;
⑺表达观点，总括的动词(believe,think,assume,suggest,show,conclude,find that,draw the conclusion
that,discover that);
⑻问句--设问句\反问句（问句中的内容和答案---即文章作者要介绍的主题或观点）
策略四： “玩转”生词，长难句
⑴对于不影响文章整体理解以及解题的生词，忽略不计。
⑵影响理解及解题关键生词-一定要猜出。
说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多。要
注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入语等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明对象
时易发生动作变换、人称转变的现象，这类题目常以 it，they，them 等代词为命题点，因此考生要根据
上下文语境，认真阅读原文，分析动作转换背景，弄清动作不同执行者，以便准确判断代词的其实际指代
对象。
策略五： 判断推理题
⑴不能夸大事实，过度推断。
⑵不能主观臆断，无中生有。
⑶文中细节，事实不是推断
3.妙用写作手法，提取关键信息，进行词义猜测
说明文通常借助分类、比较、举例、解释、定义、列数据、引用等方法阐明说明对象，一般出现在语
篇的中间部分，语篇开端会介绍主题，其结尾一般为结论。学生可根据相关提示词关注语篇的写作手法，
围绕题干获取相关信息，以此为线索解答问题。
例 3 ： （ 2020 江 苏 卷 ） For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more
beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
61.The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph I most probably means ？
A. digest the meal easily
B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat
D. eat whatever is offered
【解析】B 词义猜测题题干意为“第一段中带下划线的“stomach it”很可能是指？”依据题干定
位原文第一段，即 For those who can stomach it，...，according to a study of meal timing and physical
activity.该原文首尾呼应，即最后一段“The implication of these results is …it may be wise to skip eating
first.”表明我们如果跳过早餐再做运动更有益于健康，与第一段表达的意义一致，即不吃早餐做运动要比
吃早餐再运动更有利于健康。skip eating 与第一段的without breakfast遥相呼应。四个选项分别译为：这
顿饭容易消化（A）;不吃早餐（B）;明智地决定吃什么（C）;有什么吃什么（D），故选项B为正确答案。
【名师点睛】
该语篇采用了比较的写作手法，对饭前运动与饭后运动各项指标的数据变化进行对比分析，且该文在
首段提出有关吃饭与运动的研究结果，并在语篇的最后一段阐述比较试验研究结果，验证了结果的一致性。
学生则根据语篇首段与尾段研究结果的一致性猜测词义。当然，猜测词义还可通过根据文中的关键词或与
该词存在同义、反义、上下义的关系的词等方法。
4.活用小句关系，辨析逻辑顺序，实施逻辑推理
小句关系是指句或段与其他的句或段之间的关系。学生掌握句或段之间的关系，辨析句或段之间的逻辑顺序，据此推断语篇以及各部分的意义。
例4：（2023全国乙卷C）It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that
Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous
in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is
slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking
in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK
universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about
cooking.
29. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV?
A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential.
【解析】D推理题 根据题干关键词“cookery programme on British TV”定位第二段 “It’s thanks to
these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg
and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”和“It seems that TV
programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”由此定位句可知，英国的烹饪节目能
够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节
目具有很大的影响力。故选D。
【名师点睛】
推断写作意图/写作手法解题技巧：
1. 关注设问的信息位置:
⑴开头提出问题——To attract readers’ attention；To introduce the topic;
⑵开头举例，用谚语或者名人名言——To draw the readers’ attention to the top;
⑶结尾设问——To attract readers to pay for a trip to some attraction; To call on…; To sell a
product or service；
⑷文中引语、事例、研究的数据和研究——To argue against…; To support one’s own idea; To
make it more persuasive (更有说服力的)
2. 关注逻辑关系和篇章结构（TEEC 模式）
⑴总体叙述 + 细节或过程说明 + 概括评述；
⑵现象或变化 + 细节或原因阐述 + 引发的后果和相关启示。
3.常见表示作者态度的高频词汇
观点态度 例词
positive (积极的)、supportive (支持的)、optimistic (乐观的)、concerned 关心的
支持肯定
humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)；subjective 主观的
neutral (中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、unconcerned 不
中立 关心的、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)、conservative 保守
的
negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的)
否定反对 critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)、puzzled/
confused 困惑的、pessimistic 悲观的
第二节专题训练
Passage 1 (2025全国I卷D）
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea
and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic
snow. They are even appearing inside humans.Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics
in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental
Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then
filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.
In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in
plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by
just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three
common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals
previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming
increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more
microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised
concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated
how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an
environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New
Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
32. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics.
33. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?
A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water.
34. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?
A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
35. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?
A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study.
C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究
【语篇导读】
文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中
国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵
盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法
的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
【答案详解】
32.C推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the
Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of
seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上
常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的
新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
33.A 细节理解题 根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium
carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium
carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium
carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但
在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有
效性的是水的硬度。故选A。
34.B推理判断题 根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic
exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year,
contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. (尽管如此，研究结果显示了减少微塑料
接触的潜在途径——这一任务正变得越来越困难。今年早些时候，科学家们发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑
料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。
故选B。
35.D推理判断题 根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through
the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of
Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into
upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” (苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师
Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay没有参与这项研究，她告诉《新科学家》杂志：“他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸
过程中被截留的方式很不错。”“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料”)”可推知，
Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。
Passage 2(2025全国II卷C）
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the
opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad
sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion
in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.
“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature
to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways
but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without
plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there
was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding
yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and
lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an
exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad
says.
28. H.ow was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A It faced tough competition. B. It suffered a great loss.
C. It got lots of financial support. D. It went surprisingly well.
29. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants?
A. They appeal more to students. B. They purify the environment.
C. They raise the cortisol level. D. They enhance productivity.
30. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers?
A. The necessity of social skills. B. The meaning of sustainability.
C. The importance of repeated efforts. D. The value of professional opinions.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Time to Replace Houseplants B. Plants Boost Your Mood
C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants D. Plants Brighten Your Home【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】室内植物的好处及发展趋势
【语篇导读】
文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，
以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
【答案详解】
28.D细节理解题 根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she
didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of
2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相
反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖
室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。
29.D细节理解题 根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students
who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.
Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich
workplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种
效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低
了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中
生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。
30.C推理判断题 根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should
allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be
invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断
实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐
心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医
生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努
力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。
31.B主旨大意题 文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过
Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文
核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”
最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
Passage 3 (2025全国II卷D）
Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does. Maybe that feeling comes
from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an
uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time.
Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant, supermarket, and supply chain industries. From
technological solutions to educational campaigns, food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of
what we’re already growing. But last month, one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way: It
changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away.
For two weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items
like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailor-made to
raise awareness regarding food waste.
A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste
for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. Up to 84.3% is simply
thrown out. Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero-waste systems, but wastED took the
concept to its logical conclusion.
It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all
the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never considerserving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated
and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.
Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue
Hill has since returned to its regular menu. Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to
address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
32. What can be inferred about the author’s early life?
A. He witnessed food shortage. B. He enjoyed the local cuisine.
C. He donated food to Africans. D. He helped to cook at home.
33. Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment?
A. To customize dishes for guests. B. To make the public aware of food waste.
C. To test a food processing method. D. To improve the UK’s zero-waste systems.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked.
C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought.
35. What can we learn about wastED?
A. It has ended as planned. B. It is creating new jobs.
C. It has regained popularity. D. It is criticized by top chefs.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】食物浪费 【主题】创意改造本该被丢弃的食材制作菜品
【语篇导读】
文章介绍了食物浪费问题，并以纽约一家餐厅的短期实验项目“wastED”为例，该餐厅通过创意改造本该
被丢弃的食材制作菜品，以此提高人们对可持续饮食的关注。
【答案详解】
32.推理判断题 根据文章第一段中“Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa where the
phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at
dinner time. (这种感觉或许源于在南非 的成长经历 —— 在那里，“非洲还有孩子在挨饿” 这句话与其说
是晚餐时的祈祷，不如说是对现实令人不安的提醒)” 可知，作者在南非长大，那里有孩子挨饿是事实，
由此可推断作者早年目睹了食物短缺的情况。故选A。
33.B细节理解题 根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste. (每道
菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提
供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
34.C主旨大意题 根据文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically
made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most
restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber
butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注
意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆
永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利
用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的
配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成
的。故选C。
35.A推理判断题 根据文章最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews, it was designed from
the start as a short-lived experiment; Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu. (尽管 wastED 餐厅收获了
热烈的评价，但它从一开始就被设计为短期实验项目；此后，Blue Hill 餐厅已回归常规菜单)”可知，
wastED从一开始就被设计为短期实验，现在餐厅已恢复常规菜单，从而推断，实验项目“wastED”已经
按计划结束了。故选A。
Passage 4(2024全国I卷D）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have
collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other
digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new
Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a
mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the
Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes
from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species
are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested
how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like
the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”
said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.
Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the
people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their
encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-
catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled
areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of
observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their
uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】研究发现 【主题】数字生物多样性记录问题
【语篇导读】
文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学
家获取更好的数据。
【答案详解】
32.B细节理解题 根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and
other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可
知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
33.C细节理解题 根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical
specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are respondingto global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而
且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段
““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the
greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”
said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍
摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用
记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
34.C细节理解题 根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend
to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant
instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的
方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes
sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists
recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样
性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因
是采样方式的不当。故选C。
35.D推理判断题 根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled
areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of
observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their
uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导
到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家
确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
Passage 5 (2024全国II卷C）
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of
travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce
the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience
such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly
supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely
monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is
automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil,
the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new
pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from
transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute
traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside
the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
29. What information does the convenient app offer?
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.30. What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D. They have a strong environmental awareness.
31. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】微农场 【主题】微农场的优势
【语篇导读】
文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、
自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
【答案详解】
28.C细节理解题根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-
Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至
缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
29.B细节理解题 根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，
还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数
据。故选B。
30.D推理判断题 根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of
them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage
cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our
environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行
车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表
示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选
D。
31.A主旨大意题 根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-
Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至
缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a
convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces
the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right
amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供
不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土
壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their
everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste
reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste,
carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。
大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减
少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介
绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统
节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。
Passage 6（2024全国II卷D）
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-
powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This
absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by theforthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that
powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into
the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for
a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as
AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable,
moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says,
will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future
now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep
control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so
they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in
history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our
future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve
greatness rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.
34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】强调控制AI的重要性
【语篇导读】
文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书
作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界
协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
【答案详解】
32.C词句猜测题 根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代
码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the
heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,
making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost
as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20
多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角
度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”
可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示
“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。33.B推理判断题 根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience
translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as
an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you
feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理
解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指
南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理
解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
34.C细节理解题 根据文章倒数第三段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or
risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚
至更糟的风险)”和文章倒数第二段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such
structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我
们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，
而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以
关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
35.A推理判断题 根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to
take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the
challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们
都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是 AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对
即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book
on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”
可知，本文主要介绍了 Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence 一
书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，
呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智
能的书。故选A项。
Passage 7 (全国甲卷C）
The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers — it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five
government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an
average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural (乡村) populations with
basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German
photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast
regions (区域) of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled
to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River,
including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors
to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year,
the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock
(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very
impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and
very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
32. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors.
C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river.
33. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
34. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?
A. About a year. B. About ten months.
C. About two months. D. About two weeks.
35. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】巡回医疗服务 【主题】为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗
【语篇导读】
文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期 10个
月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。
【答案详解】
32.C细节理解题 根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that
travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time
the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and
prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平
均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣
卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。故选C。
33.D推理判断题 第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization.
The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural
areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid
programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共
卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷
的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远
地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。
34.D细节理解题 根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,
before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约
八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故
选D。
35.A推断判断题 根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and
living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance
for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但
仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗
的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
Passage 8（2023全国新高考1卷C）
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it
asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you
should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable
digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the
necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each
chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for
your particular circumstances.
28. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】数字极简主义生活方式
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
【答案详解】
28. B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case
for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you
how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细
探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”，由定位句可知，这本
书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式；故选B。
29. A 词句猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到画线词下文“This process requires you to step away
from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number
of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过
程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西
带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”，由定位句可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在
线活动进行清理和挑选；故选A。
30. C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide
you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which
over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数
字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在 2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数
字清理)”，由定位句可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子；故选C。
31. A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a
toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可
以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”，由定位句
可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践；故选A。【词汇积累】
digital minimalism 数字极简主义
intolerable adj. 无法忍受的 tolerate v. 容许，；忍受，包容； tolerance n. tolerable adj.
encounter v.遭遇；偶遇，邂逅 n.偶遇，邂逅；经历，体验；冲突；比赛，交锋
Passage 9（2023浙江1月卷D）
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown
rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a
lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be
installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought
to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control
weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and
Impact Reductions on the Environment (In SPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute
to the agricultural economy.” INSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development,
which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-
impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness
guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a
shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-
friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32. What do solar developers often ignore?
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy. B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
33. What does INSPIRE aim to do?
A. Improve the productivity of local farms. B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. INSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development
【体裁】说明文 【题材】科学技术 【主题】新型的太阳能农场
【语篇导读】本文介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于
保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
【答案详解】
32.B 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with
small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming
regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来
控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”，由定位句可知，
太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响；故选B项。
33.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical
approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way
that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的
方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”，由定位句可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就
是使得太阳能农场更加环保；故选C项。
34.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to
pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法
律。)”，由定位句可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护
授粉者；故选A项。
35.D 主旨大意题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar
farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators,
resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板
下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”，由定位句可知，现在的太
阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来
发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场；故
选D项。
Passage 10（2023新高考全国I卷D）
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come
to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some
cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some
people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together,
they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same
errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that
people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the
accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The
key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a
discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent
individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was
significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group
members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did
they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant
response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow,
these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have
limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are
enormous.
32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent34. What did the follow-up study focus on?
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【题材】说明文 【体裁】科普知识 【主题】进行小组讨论的重要性
【语篇导读】英国统计学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿进行了一项实验说明了 “群体智慧”效应，实验表明，在某
些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。但纳瓦哈斯的一项新研究发现，当人群被分成小组进
行讨论时，这些群体估计的平均值比独立估算的平均值更准确。
【答案详解】
32. B主旨大意题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that
when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate,
and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other
out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors
won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be
independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the
estimate will go down.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有
些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生
更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，
群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就
会下降。)”,YDWJ 可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互
抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段
主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑;故选B。
33.D细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of
crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估
计是独立的。)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided
into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate
than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates
of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent
individuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比
同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从 20个独
立个体获得的平均值更准确。)”,YDWJ 可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准
确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的;故选D。
34.C推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university
students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their
discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those
least willing to change their minds? ( 在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解
小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不
愿意改变主意的人吗？)”，由定位句可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实
际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
35.D推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas
have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-
making are enormous.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影
响是巨大的。)”，由定位句可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组
讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持；故选D。
【词汇积累】capitalize vt. 以大写字母写；使 ... 资本化；估价vi. 利用
overestimate v. 过高估计；过高出价n. 估计过高；评价过高；出价过高
underestimate n. 低估v. 低估
correlate vt. 使相互关联vi. 关联n. 相关物
【长难句析】
1. On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to
be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.1907年3月7日，英国统计学家弗朗西斯•高尔顿(Francis Galton)
发表了一篇论文，阐述了所谓的“群体智慧”效应。
【分析】该句为复合句，主干为“the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper”，其中定语从句
“which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect”修饰名词paper，在定语从句
中，包含了一个由what引导的宾语从句“what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect”，作
illustrated的宾语。
2. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of
independent estimates could be quite accurate.他进行的估计实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估计的平均
值可以相当准确。
【分析】该句式复合句，句子主干为“The experiment of estimation showed that”，其中定语从句“he
conducted”省略引导词that，修饰前面的名词experiment，宾语从句“that in some cases, the average of a
large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate”作showed的宾语。
3. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for
group discussion and decision-making are enormous.虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性，仍然存在许多问题，
但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。
【分析】该句为复合句，句子主干为“the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are
enormous”，由although引导的让步状语从句“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many
questions remain”，其中非谓语结构“led by Navajas”作后置定语修饰前面代名词studies。
Passage 11（2023全国乙卷C）
What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of
meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-
than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and
whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-
and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported
that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers
would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students
applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what
people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV
has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults
say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and
young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through
television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an
increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
28. What do people usually think of British food?
A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition.
C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation.29. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV?
A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential.
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
31. What might the author continue talking about?
A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】社会文化 【主题】英国人的烹饪观念发生转变
【语篇导读】人们通常认为英国食物平淡无奇，但随着更多的电视烹饪节目的出现，英国人的日常饮食、
烹饪习惯以及对烹饪态度也随之发生改变变化，男士喜欢烹饪也成为了一种潮流。
【答案详解】
28.A细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到根据第一段的“What comes into your mind when you
think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food
really so uninteresting?（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的
周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）”，由定位句可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸
鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇；故选A项。
29.D推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段的“It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any
advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming
more adventurous in their cooking habits.（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人
正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）”，和“It seems that TV
programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看
法。）”，由定位句可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，
尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力；故选D项。
30.D细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider
variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients
than before.（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购
买的配料质量比以前更好。）”，由定位句可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料
比以前更多；故选D项。
31.B推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male
chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜
欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）”，由定位句可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，
从而与上文形成语义连贯；故选B项。
【词汇积累】
impressive adj 给人深刻印象的;
come into one’s mind掠过/进入某人的脑海;
the best seller list 畅销书榜;
stick to a diet (continue to follow a diet)坚持某一种饮食
【长难句析】
1.Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine it is producing more top class chefs who
appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.尽管英
国的烹饪素以平庸著称，但它正在培养更多的顶级厨师，这些厨师经常出现在我们的电视屏幕上，他们的
烹饪书也经常高居畅销榜之首。
【分析】本句含有由even though引导的让步状语从句。主句中含有两个定语从句，第一个定语从句由关
系代词who引导，修饰先行词top class chefs;第二个定语从句由关系代词whose引导，意思相当于 the
chefs’。Passage 12（2023全国甲卷C）
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that
were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a
world of philosophy (哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people
who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love
for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work
in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder
like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a
book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he
does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in
history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own
interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls
them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a
coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is
something we don’t have a lot of.
28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?
A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher.
29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4?
A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works.
C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiners book.
30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express?
A. Its views on history are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C. It includes comments from readers. D. It leaves an open ending.
31. What does the author think of Weiners book?
A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】介绍一本哲学书
【语篇导读】本文作者由自己阅读哲学书籍的经历引入话题，介绍了埃里克·维纳的《苏格拉底哲学快车》
这本书的主要内容、特点以及对它的评价。
【答案详解】
28.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of
Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in
and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔
给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在
钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”，由定位句可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了
通往哲学的大门；故选C。
29. D推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a
train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help
us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like
Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的
场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”，由定位句可知，
作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我
们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解 Weiners的书；故
选D。
30. B细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第四段中“This, more than a book about undestanding
philosophy, is a book abour learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更
是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”，由定位句可知，作者喜欢The Socrates Express这本书，是
因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中；故选B。
31. D推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到倒数第二段中“He makes philosopical thought an
appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思
想成为一种有吸引力的实践，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”，以
及最后一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and
gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐
的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”，由定
位句可知，Weiners的书很幽默，而且简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂；故选D。
【词汇积累】
reawaken v. 勾起，唤起，再次引发（感情、回忆等）
sharp adj. 锋利的；急转弯的；敏锐的；狡猾的；严厉的；瘦削的；时髦的；急剧的；强烈的；鲜明的
adv. （…点）整；准时地 n. 升半音；锐利的东西
simplicity n. 简单，朴素；质朴，天真；卑贱；无知
【长难句析】
1. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.它充满了对
我来说是新的想法，所以我埋头读那本书。
【分析】so是并列连词，连接两个独立的句子。前句中“that were new to me”是定语从句修饰先行词ideas,
后句中“with my head in and out of that book”是with的复合结构作状语。
2. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or
Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.没有什么比那些认为自己比你更了解福柯、鲍德里亚
或孔子，然后试图解释哲学的人更能扼杀人们对哲学的热爱了。
【分析】本句是一个简单句。“who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you
— and then try to explain them.”是定语从句，定语从句含有并列句。注意Nothing……than……没有……
比……。（这里是否定+比较级=最高级）
Passage 13（2023全国甲卷D）
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the
American psyche——we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around
the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same:
a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As
grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly
being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or
more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by
settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,
grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections andallow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies
remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm
animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and
campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other
farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free
place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who
manages bears in and around Missoula.
32. How do Americans look at grizzlies?
A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks.
C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture.
33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?
A. The European settlers’ behavior. B. The expansion of bears’ range.
C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans.
34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies?
A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers’ advocates.
35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】人与动物 【主题】北极灰熊保护现状
【语篇导读】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
【答案详解】
32.A细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m
long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give
us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角
落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”，由定位句可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有
敬畏，他们的情感是混合的；故选A项。
33.C推理判断题根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到 第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the
Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or
more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has
twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国
大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊
从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”，由定位句可推知，由于1975年起受法
律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长；故选C项。
34.A细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第四段中“Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly
bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted
to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned
due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的
灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松
对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名
单上)”，由定位句可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上
除名；故选A项。
35. B推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken,
grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If
people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting
grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning
bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采
取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱
剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也
能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆
斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家。)”，由定位句可推知，灰熊数量增长，
虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处；故选B项。
【词汇积累】
weigh v. （有…）重；称重量；权衡，斟酌；使烦恼/忧虑；对…有影响；起（锚）occupy v. 居住；占
用；占领；担任；使忙碌；占…
range n. 一系列；区间，范围；射程，射击场；类，种；山脉；牧区 v. 变化，变动；包括…之间的各类
事物；排列；漫步，徘徊
loosen vt. 解开或使松；放宽，放松；使（肠）通畅 vi. 变松或变得更松
【长难句析】
1. Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the
American psyche——we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.灰熊可能会长到2.5米，体
重超过400公斤，灰熊人美国人拥有复杂的心理——我们敬畏它们，即使它们会给我们可怕的梦。
【分析】该句为复合句，“which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg,”是非限制性定语从句，
横线后面的“we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams”相当于同位语从句，是对前文的
解释说明。“even as they give us frightening dreams”引导让步状语从句。
2. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re
increasingly being sighted by humans.
句意：随着灰熊的活动范围扩大到一个世纪以来没有见过的地方，越来越多地被人类看到它们。
【分析】该句为复合句，句子主干为“they’re increasingly being sighted by humans”，其中“As grizzly bears
expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more”是时间状语从句，“where they
haven’t been seen in a century or more”是时间状语从句中的定语从句。
3. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist
grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. 它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国
鱼类和野生动物管理局曾两次试图将灰熊移出野生动物保护的清单，这将放松法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。
【分析】该句为复合句，是so……that引导的结果状语从句。“ which would loosen legal protections and
allow them to be hunted.”非限制性定语从句，其先行词是前面整个句子的内容。
Passage 14（2023新高考全国II卷C）
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in
almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout
history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books
and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —
absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted
hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of
the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in
their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as theraw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page
outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as
any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages
parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly
networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance
of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
28. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
29. What are the selected artworks about?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.
C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
30 What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform.
31. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】介绍《阅读技术：书籍爱好者的艺术》
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了《阅读技术：书籍爱好者的艺术》一书，说明了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重
要意义。
【答案详解】
28.A推理判断题 通读全文，将解题线索定位到再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a
celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums
around the world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自
世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”，以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books
were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物
品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”，由定位句可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章；故选
A。
29.C细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way
that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at
home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调
了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系
的焦点)”，由定位句可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
30.A词义猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way
that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at
home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调
了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系
的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景
可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)“，由定位句可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和
理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”；故选A。
31.A推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-
powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the
chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)“，由定
位句可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时；故选A。
【词汇积累】go beyond sth 超过（或超出）某事
in one’ s own right 凭借自身的资格
【长难句析】
1.Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost
three hundred artworks from museums around the world.《阅读艺术：献给书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一个日常
物品——书籍的庆祝，这里用来代表该书籍的是来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术作品。
【分析】主语：Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers谓语：is 表语a celebration of an everyday object —
the book。 “represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world” 为过去
分词做定语修饰the book。
2.The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came
into being．阅读者的形象是贯穿历史的，早在我们如今熟知的书籍出现之前很久，就己展现阅读者形象的
艺术作品问世。
【分析】主语 The image 谓语appears. “throughout history”和 “in art ...” 作状语，made long before
books came into being 作后置定语，修饰 art; as we now know them 为插入语。
Passage 15（2023新高考全国II卷D）
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at
beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.
After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge
of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a
workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior
author of the study.
32. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature.
33. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?
A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
34. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.D. The nature language enhances work performance.
35. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】自然与环境 【主题】在城市中与环境互动
【语篇导读】本文讲述的是城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然对
人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互动
可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中的
野生自然。
【答案详解】
32.B细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to
nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park
near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活
在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但
在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)“，由定位句可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人
们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
33.A推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers,
asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The
researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数
百名公园游客，要求他们在网上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研
究人员检查了这些提交的信息，将体验分为不同的类别)”，以及第四段”Across the 320 submissions, a
pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions,
half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究
人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客
最重要)”，由定位句可推断，研究人员按照公园游客提交的书面总结把游客分类是为了区分不同的游客类
别；故选A。
34.C推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a
usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and
meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a
young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more
domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了
一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散
步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可
以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居家的互动方式)”，由定位句可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种
可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参
与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散
步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式；故选C。
35.B推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段“We’re trying to generate a language that helps
bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature
so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助
将人类与自然的互动带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互
动，”该研究的资深作者彼得·卡恩说。)”，由定位句可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我
们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
【长难句析】
1.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them.为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一个可用的语言，它有助于帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。
【分析】主语Naming each nature experience 谓语 creates 宾语a usable language; which 引导定语从句，先
行词为 language，定语从句中还包含另一个定语从向that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，先行
词为activities。
Passage 16（2023北京卷D）
What is life? Like most great questions, this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer. The reason is simple: we
know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one. The field of artificial life-
called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental principles. Many of these
practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to really understand what life is.
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,
such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such
complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of
a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial
life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life
could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both
fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create
essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s
biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same
principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.
Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is
a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t
help either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse,
ALife mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the
evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.
Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may
be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all
acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps,
just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.
31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is _____.
A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful
32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature.
C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, too?
C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, too?
【体裁】说明文 【题材】生物科学 【主题】人工生命
【语篇导读】在ALifers看来，创造生命是真正理解生命的最可靠的方法，原因在于人工生命领域是对生
命基本原理进行阐述的系统性尝试。生命是什么这个问题难以回答，生命本身也尚难定义，（人工生命）
ALife也一样难以定义。ALife的出现，正如整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，将被证明是不可不免的。【答案详解】
31.A推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing
their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨
厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝
试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes
ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a
complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the
point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people
ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”(到目
前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领
域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能
完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工
生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”，由定位句可推知，因为还没有人
能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认
为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的
辩护，作者表示支持；故选A。
32.C词义猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered
ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).
(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念
enamored)”，由定位句可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同
之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。
故划线词意为“吸引”；故选C。
33.B推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s
cousin in that researchers in both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能
可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”，由定位
句可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点；故选B。
34.D主旨大意题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段“They may apply universally to all acts of
evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something: perhaps, just like
life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。
最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命
本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”，由定位句并结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断
地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题；故选D。
Passage 17（2022全国乙卷B）
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:
The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and
Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they
had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of courseinfluenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
24.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history. C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
25.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
26.Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
27.What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】对文学作品的评价
【语篇导读】本文以书评的形式，介绍了作家Dorothy Wickenden在自己的书中讲述奶奶年轻时和另一个
女孩去一个偏远贫穷的小村落教书所经历的苦难的故事。本文作者对这部小说和小说作者给与了很高的评
价。
【答案解析】
24. A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best
friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky
Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy
Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书)”，
由定位句可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书；故选A项。
25. D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段“They moved in with a local family, the
Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in
the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早
上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪)“，以及”In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥
替代覆盖在冰上)”，由定位句可推知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们的生活饱受磨难；故选D项。
26. C 细节理解题 根据关键词 hair-raising 定位到倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building
of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段
与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉)”，由定位句可知，Wickenden的作品中
涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的；故选C项。
27. D 推理判断题 通读全文，第一段结尾表明两人支教的故事是 Dorothy Wickenden 所著的 Nothing
Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West 这本书的主题，倒数第二段“The book
ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束)”以及最后
一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to
some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美
丽的作品)，由此可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评；
故选B项。
【词汇积累】
hair-raising adj 令人寒毛直竖的，惊险的
blinding adj [分词形容词] 刺眼的， 雪亮的sweep n 连绵弯曲的地带
nothing daunted 无所畏惧，毫不气馁
expand on / upon sth 详述，充分叙述
Passage 18（2022新高考I卷B）
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner
invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had
unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin
sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last
days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有
瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and
freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm. C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】自然与环境 【主题】食物浪费的原因
【语篇导读】本文文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿 DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷
为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
【答案详解】
24.B 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food
that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”，及“But as days passed, the
arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I
threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西
可以做六份沙拉)”，由定位句可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物；
故选B。25.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the
water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte
writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生
产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，
罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”，由定位句可知，
根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害；故选B。
26.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen
in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500
pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have
rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the
road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过
接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓
呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”，由定位句可知，科廷的公司
用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物；故选D。
27.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段中的“Everyone can play a part in reducing
waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to
not include the side dish you won’t eat.(每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购
买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜)”，由定位句可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来
避免浪费食物；故选A。
【词汇积累】
unthinkingly adv.不假思索地；轻率地 environmental adj. 环保的 blemished adj.有瑕疵的
【长难句析】
1.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce
that otherwise would have rotted in fields. 去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的(有瑕疵的)农产品，回
收了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。
【分析】本句含有一个that 引导的定语从句that otherwise would have rotted in fields.，先行词为 blemished
produce；主句为 it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food。
Passage 19（2022新高考I卷C）
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve.B. Oppose. C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】社会公益 【真题】关注老年人心理健康的项目
【语篇导读】本文介绍了一个由慈善机构发起的项目：通过让护理中心的老年人养鸡来降低他们的孤独，
以改善老年人的健康状况。
【答案解析】
28.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local
charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构
想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”，由定位句可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福；
故选D。
29.B 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第五段“It’s good to have a different focus. People
have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying
the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful. (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩
子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”，
由定位句可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感；故选B。
30.C 词义猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of
the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people
here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及
划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”，由定位句可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划
线处的含义与C项（Begin (开始)）含义相近；故选C。
31.A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of
the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people
here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”，
最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It
will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities. (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林
恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起
来)”，由定位句可知，该项目的反响很好；故选A。
【词汇积累】
residents 居民) charity 慈善组织 wellbeing幸福；福利；安乐
【长难句析】
1.There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been
given financial support to roll it out countrywide. 目前，英国东北部有700名老人在20家护理院照顾母鸡，
该慈善机构得到了资金支持，将这项活动推广到全国各地。
【分析】本句and连接的两个并列句； looking after为现在分词短语做定语，修饰700 elderly people。Passage 20（2022新高考I卷D）
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-
year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the
world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity.D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】科普知识 【主题】语言学的研究发现
【语篇导读】本文介绍了一项耗时5年的研究，该研究发现人类的语音发展与饮食的改变有关。
【答案解析】
32.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago, the
scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and "v", were more
common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian
Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.（30多年前，学
者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。
现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”，由
定位句可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上；故选D项。
33.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and
lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which
are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产
生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出
这样的声音）”，由定位句可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音；故选C项。
34.A 主旨大意题 根据题干信息，通读全文，将解题线索定位到第五段中的“Analyses of a language
database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so
Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.
These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的
分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”
的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”，由定位句可知，第五段主
要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果；故选A项。
35.C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章最后一段中“The set of speech sounds we use
has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of
speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change
and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.（研究小组成员 Steven
Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化
和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”，由定位句可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系
统；故选C项。
【词汇积累】
diet-related 与饮食相关的 evolve v.进化，演化 remarkably adv.不寻常地，惊人地
overturn v.（使）翻倒，（使）倾覆complex adj.复杂的，难懂的
【长难句析】
1.A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech
sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. 一项为期五年的突破性研究表明，人类与饮食
相关的咬痕变化导致了新的语音，如今在世界上一半的语言中都发现了这种语音。
【分析】本句是复合句，含有宾语从句 that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech
sounds，其后又包含了that引导的定语从句 that are now found in half the world’s languages.，修饰先
行词new speech sounds。
2.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐),
making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.他
们发现，古代人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的(对齐)，因此很难产生下唇与上门牙接触而形成的唇音。
【分析】本句含有宾语从句that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned，
making为现在分词做结果状语；which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.为定语从
句。
Passage 21（2022新高考II卷C）
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried
a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to
an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wouldwork like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the
state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to
be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "
28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary. C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers. D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】使用Textalyzer来监控公司
【语篇导读】为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出
使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
【答案解析】
28.A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states
have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to
persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. （在过去的七年里，大多数州
都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）”，第二段
中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. （然而，无论以何种标准
衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）”，由定位句可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车
的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。而A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，
与此相符；故选A。
29.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到倒数第二段中“The technology could determine
whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's
hands-free driving laws.（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允
许的其他事情。）”，由定位句可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其
他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”，与此相符；故选B。
30.D 词义猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到划线部分前句“We need something on the books
that can change people's behavior.（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）”，和后句“If the
Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell
phone.（他说，如果 Textalyzer 法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）”，由定位句可知，
something是能够改变人们的行为的事情，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法
律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机，由此可推断something指代的是法律；故选D。
31.B 主旨大意题 纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服
人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving
more. ”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的
是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是
否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们
的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监
控器。）适合文章的标题；故选B。【词汇积累】
campaign 运动；战役 distracted分心 distinctly明显地
【长难句析】
1.Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns
have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind
the wheel. 在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服
人们在开车时放下手机。
【分析】本句含有一个时间状语从句when they are behind the wheel；a wide range of为固定短语，意为：
一系列的，许多的，大范围的。
2.The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is
not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. 这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，
或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。
【分析】本句含有一个whether引导的宾语从句，that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving
laws. 为定语从句，先行词为anything else。
Passage 22（ 2022全国乙卷C）
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in
the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施)
worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
30. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】无人机改变铁路的未来
【语篇导读】本文讲述的是应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能不仅能保证铁路的安全可靠，同时
还能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【答案详解】
28.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第二段“Drones are already being used to
examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and
other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.
(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要
方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”，由定位句可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁
路线路成为可能；故选B。
29.C 词义猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到后文“It is calculated that European railways alone
spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at
night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约
为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”，由定位句可知花在
maintenance 上的费用是用于检查和维修铁路基础设施，由此可知“That includes huge savings in
maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护
铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近；故选C。
30.A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章最后一段 “Very small drones with advanced
sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.(带有先进
传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。 凭借他们的预见能力，他们可
以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。)”，由定位句可知对于无人机期待的功
能是提前发现问题；故选A。
31.D 主旨大意题 通读全文，根据第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and
reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That
is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the
millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7
basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应
用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”，
以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人
机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始
为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改
变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题；故选D。
【词汇积累】
reliability n 可靠性
personnel n 全体人员
switch n（铁路的） 道岔，转辙器
on-time performance 准点率
across the board 整体，全面
【长难句析】
1.That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that
the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
这很有可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术来确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施(基础设施)全天
候安全运行的未来。
Passage 23（2022浙江6月卷C）Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that
moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a
new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than
those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional
ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower
job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many
workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who
chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value
relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art
Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift
mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly
unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also,
there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So,
when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
27. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution. D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
28. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful
C. a has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
30. What does the text seem to advocate?
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】体育与健康 【主题】适度工作有利于健康
【解题导语】文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带
来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
【答案详解】
27.D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“Many people believe that working to the
maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(许多
人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study
led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up
language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced
extensively or not at all.(在哈佛大学Ellen Langer领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种
新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要
少。)”，由定位句可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的
研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果；故选D。
28.B 词句猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到划线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a
relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”，由定位句可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的
同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视
为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词 go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人；故
选B。
29.C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段中“Also, there is a lot of research showing that
a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提
高生产力和创造力。 )”，由定位句可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情
有助于创造性思维；故选C。
30.A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段中“but research has found that moderation(适度)
also gets results on the job.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is
related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与
低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”，由定位句可知，文章主要介绍研究表
明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯；故选A。
Passage 24（2022全国乙卷D）
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it
would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制
造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the
tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to
have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
32. W.hy was the sugar tax introduced?
A To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices.D. Classic Coke.
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision.B. It is a success story. C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】糖税【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收
入用于学校体育。
【答案解析】
32.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the
tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help
reduce childhood obesity .（该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在
帮助减少儿童肥胖）”，由定位句可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康；故选C项。
33.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft
drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.
（此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税）”，由定位句可知，
一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税；故选D项。
34.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like
Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting
consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small
companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接
受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，
每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的）”，由定位句可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品
牌；故选D项。
35.B 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one
government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for
sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极
影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”，由定位句可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个
成功的政策；故选B项。
【词汇积累】
generate产生，引起 obesity 肥胖 consume消费，消耗
initially 开始，最初 manufacturers 制造商 facilities 设施
【长难句析】
1.First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar
per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). 该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于
每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖(肥胖)
【分析】本句含有一个which引导的定语从句，先行词为the tax；主句为the tax was introduced to help
reduce childhood obesity。
Passage 25（2022新高考II卷D）
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most
people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start
even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become
dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to
the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser,
getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were
otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of
nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-
intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second
group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And
the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a
lot more blood during exercise. ” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he
says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has
flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing
happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great
start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which
aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
32. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
A. The right way of exercising. B. The causes of a heart attack.
C. The difficulty of keeping fit. D. The aging process of the heart.
33. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
A. Diet plan. B. Professional background. C. Exercise type. D. Previous physical condition.
34. What does Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C. It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D. The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】运动与健康 【主题】锻炼能恢复心脏健康
【语篇导读】本文主要讲的是锻炼，尤其是有氧运动对于心脏的好处。
【答案详解】
32.D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it
is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben
Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. (“想想橡皮筋。
一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏
专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”，由定位句可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化
过程；故选D。
33.C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段的“The first group participated in a program
of nonaerobic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did
high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. (第一组每
周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有
氧运动。)”，由定位句可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同；故选C。
34.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段的“The second group did high-intensity
aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the
second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health. (第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多
的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的““We took these 50-
year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. (莱文说:“我们把这
些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”)”，由定位句可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，
中年人的心脏会变得更年轻；故选A。
35.C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to
be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routinemake the biggest difference. (但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的
哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”，由定位句可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究；故选C。
【词汇积累】
efficient adj. 有效的 process n.v. 过程，加工 enthusiastic adj. 热情地
randomly adv.随意地 high-intensity 高密度
【长难句析】
1.But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly
which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference. 但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的
人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。
【分析】本句which 引导的为宾语从句；make the biggest difference为固定短语，意为：做出最大的改变。
2.Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic
exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart. 莱文发现，对于那些中年人士来说，
幸运的是，即使你不是一个热情的运动爱好者，现在保持体型可能有助于改善你老化的心脏。
【分析】本句that 引导的是宾语从句，在宾语从句里，又含有一个条件状语从句 if you haven’t been an
enthusiastic exerciser；get in shape 为固定短语，意为：保持体形。
Passage 26（2022浙江1月卷C）
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.
New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to
develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings are
exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管 的）fitness in middle age could
delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to
measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103
watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were
in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80
watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other
cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of
the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent
of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only
shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of
dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a
relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be
applicable to other groups.
27. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. Positive effects of doing exercises. B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C. Experimental studies on diseases. D. Advantages of sporty woman over man
28. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?
A. To predict their maximum heart rate. B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C. To change their habits of working out D. To detect their potential health problems
29. What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia. B. Data collection was a lengthy process.C. Some participants withdrew from it. D. The results were far from satisfactory.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】失智症与锻炼的关系
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究结果表明：经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率
会大大降低。
【答案详解】
27.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged
women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in
later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.（新的研究人员发现，身体
健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们
患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）”，由定位句可知，第一段提到了健身锻炼的好处；故选A项。
28.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到上文“These findings are exciting because it’s
possible that improving people's cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them
from developing dementia.（这些发现令人兴奋，因为在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止
他们患上痴呆症。）”，以及本段“For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle
exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity.（在这项研究中，191
名平均年龄为 50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到她们精疲力竭，以测量她们的心血管峰值能
力。）”，由定位句可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值能力；故选B项。
29.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第五段“These women were then tested for
dementia six times over the following four decades.（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状
况。）”，由定位句可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个长期的过程；故选B项。
30.C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged
women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in
later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.（新的研究人员发现，身体
健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们
患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）”，由定位句以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，
说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低；故选C项。
【词汇积累】
be exhausted to do精疲力尽做某事 document文件，公文
sporty擅长运动的 peak最大值，顶峰association协会，社团
【长难句析】
1.New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less
likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty
women.新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年罹患痴呆症的可能性要低近 90%，而且她们确实比
不爱运动的女性晚十年发病。
【分析】本句含有 that 引导的宾语从句，其又含有一个who 引导的定语从句；and为并列连词，其后的
as they did是非限制性定语从句。
2.These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular fitness in
middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.这些发现令人兴奋，因为有可能
改善人们在中年时的心血管健康(心血管)可以延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。
【分析】本句含有一个because引导的原因状语从句，其又含有一个it做形式主语，that从句做真正主语的
句子； prevent ... from ...为固定短语，意为：组织做某事。Passage 27（2022全国甲卷B）
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-
recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved
skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut
inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently
shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a
shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In
the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition
alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to
two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual
clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door.B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error CheckersB. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
【体裁】说明文 【题材】科普知识 【主题】凤头鹦鹉的形状识别能力
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，即凤头鹦鹉具有与2岁儿童相似的形状识别能力。
【答案解析】
24.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild,
the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但
事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”，以及“the birds were given five differently shaped
“keys” to choose from. Inserting, the correct “keys” would let out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的
“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”，由定位句可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通
过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的；故选B。
25.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in
a round hole from around one year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆
形的洞里)”，由定位句并结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任
务；故选C。
26.D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章最后一段“The next step, according to the
researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch
in making their shape selections. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，
还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”，由定位句可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使
用触觉；故选D。27.D 主旨大意题 通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to
Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦
鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别
形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适
合作为本文标题；故选D。
【词汇积累】
shape-recognition 形状识别 geometric adj.几何图形的；几何的
in a specific direction 在一个特定的方向 clues n.线索
【长难句析】
1.In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year
before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. 对于人类来说，婴儿在一岁左右就
能把圆形物体放进圆洞里，但他们要想把不那么对称的形状放进圆洞里还需要一年的时间。
【分析】本句含有一个but引导的并列分句，分句中又含有一个before引导的时间状语从句。
2.This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an
“allocentric frame of reference”. 这种识别形状需要转向特定方向才能适应的能力被称为非中心参照系。
【分析】本句含有一个做recognize宾语的由that引导的宾语从句和一个时间状语从句before it will fit；整
个句子的主干部分为This ability is called an “allocentric frame of reference”。
Passage 28（2021新高考II卷D）
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could
bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor
shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are
aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors
to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags
(标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring
the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle
to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the
monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But
Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use
technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his
first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that
an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma
Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend
to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
32. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Soil pollution.B. Lack of workers. C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
33. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
34. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?
A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.35. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】牧牛机器人的研制
【语篇导读】文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，该机器人能够用于监测放牧牛的健康状
况并检测草场质量等。
【答案解析】
32.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第一段“An Australian professor is developing a
robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession
that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.（澳大利亚一名教
授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，
畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。）”，由定位句可知，畜牧产业面临劳动
力短缺的问题；故选B。
33.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第二段“The quality of grassland will be tracked
by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass.（通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地
的质量。）”，由定位句可知，Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
34.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第四段“But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is
right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have
convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合
这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子
骑在马上。）”，由定位句可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好；故选B。
35.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president
of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns
about cattle theft.（俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断
上升，机器人可能会非常有用。）”，由定位句可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷；故选D。
【长难句析】
1.An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development
that could bring big changes to a profession that’s relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but
is facing a labor shortage. 一位澳大利亚教授正在开发一种机器人来监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一发展可
能会给这个职业带来重大变化。这个职业几十年来主要依赖低技术的方法，但正面临劳动力短缺。
【分析】is developing进行时态；表现阶段正在做的事；to monitor 非谓语充当目的状语；a development
之后是定语从句；that在从句中充当主语；a profession 之后是定语从句；that在从句中充当主语.relied
largely on表示主要依赖于；facing a labor shortage面临劳动力短缺。
2.Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or
400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick. 邦兹在50年前买了他的第一批牛，他
的每个牛仔每天检查300或400头牛，并寻找动物生病的迹象。
【分析】主句内容 Bonds still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for
signs。Who引导非限定性定语从句；在从句中充当主语；signs之后引导同位语从句。
Passage 29（2021新高考I卷C）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of
overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasingpopulations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting.D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving WaterfowlD. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【体裁】说明文 【题材】自然与环境 【主题】保护野生动物与湿地
【语篇导读】本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽
栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分
收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
【答案解析】
28.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed
and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.（上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农
地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。”，由定位句故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下
降；故选A。
29.C 词义猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these
precious natural resources wisely.北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理。）”，由定位句，以
及本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可
知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A.
Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配；故选C。
30.D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.（自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了
这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地。”，由定位句故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府
获得了大量的资金；故选D。
31.A 主旨大意题 通读全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎
者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，
故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事；故选A。
【词汇积累】
passage n. （法案的）通过；通行权，通行许可；（书、演讲、乐曲等的）段，章；（人生或体育赛事等中的）阶段；过道，走廊；（人群等中的）通道，通路；（时间的）推移，流逝；过渡，转变。
【长难句析】
1. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact
that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.每枚鸭邮票中约有98美
分将直接进入候鸟保护基金，购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，并纳入国家野生动物保护区系统——这一事实
确保了这片土地将得到保护，对子孙后代都可以使用。
【分析】 句子“a fact that ensures..”中a fact两词做同位语对前面的事件进行解释说明，而that从句则
为定语从句，用来修饰fact ，all generations to come.此处to do用来修饰generation,属于不定式做后置定
语这.一用法。
Passage 30（2021新高考I卷D）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot
be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people
skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move
far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept. C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application.D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】个人成长 【主题】人们对情商的理解与期待
【语篇导读】本文介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
【答案解析】
32.D;细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these
qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故
选D项。33.B;推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by
a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利
用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受
害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不
一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
34.A;推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.
…The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直
是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、
迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选
A项。
35.B;推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific
and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new
perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和
学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新
的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
【长难句析】
1. Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support， the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.尽管人们对情商的普
遍看法远远超过了研究能够合理支持的观点，但宣传的总体影响利大于利。
【分析】 这是由although 引导的让步状语从句，从句中of后面带了一个宾语从句what research can
reasonably support。
2. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from
which to study how people manage their lives.我们希望在未来的几十年里,科学的进步将提供新的视角来
研究人们如何管理自己的生活。
【分析】It is our hope that.. .是-一个主语从句，it 是形式主语。that从句中study后带了一个宾语从句
how people manage their lives。
Passage 31（2021全国甲卷B）
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black
rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at
the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known
for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome
another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother,
Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,
but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing
every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving
the rhinos a “adorable critically endangered” status.
24. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
25. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition D. She is sensitive to heat.
26. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A. They had their first born in January. B. They enjoyed exploring new places
C. They lived with their grandmothers. D. They were brought to the reserve young
27. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】环境与自然 【主题】人工繁育黑犀牛
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
【答案详解】
24.D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born
at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，
至今仍住在那里)”，由定位句可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的；
故选D项。
25.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第二段“She's healthy, strong and already eager to
play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”，由定位句可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀
牛身体状况很好；故选C项。
26.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January
31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为
了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”，以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived
on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小
犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤)”，由定位句可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个
孩子都是在一月份出生的；故选A项。
27.D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will
make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护
区的好的候选者还为时过早)”，由定位句可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区；
故选D项。
【词汇积累】
reserve 预定，保护 captivity 圈养 absolutely绝对地
fantastic魔幻的 adorable 可爱的，讨人喜欢的 critically严重地；很大程度上
Passage 32（2021全国乙卷B）
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s
not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further
13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity. C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity. B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It is as important as the gas light.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】社会文化 【主题】家庭座机的保留
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。
【答案解析】
24.B 主旨大意题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to
find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger
kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在
你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个
人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”，由定位句可推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎；故选 B
项。
25.A 词句猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have
a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大
利亚人；根据下文“it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent
say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，
他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防
紧急情况)”，由定位句可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止
紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词
“concede”意为“承认”；故选A项。
26.C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've
perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号
码了)”，以及文章第五段“That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are
our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”，由定
位句可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话；故选C项。
27.B 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章最后一段“How attached are you to your
landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢
你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”，由定位句可推知，本段使用类比的
方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的；故选 B
项。【词汇积累】
practically adv.几乎，差不多；实事求是地，实际地
falls into that category 属于那个范畴：指某个事物或概念符合某个特定的分类或范畴。
Passage 33（2021全国乙卷C）
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean
ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong
wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine
their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of
plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and,
because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork
likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take
centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a
truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of
volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling. B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art. D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【体裁】说明人 【题材】环境与自然 【主题】艺术家用废弃塑料制作雕像
【语篇导读】本文介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过
这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload of Plastic”说明了
每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意
识。
【答案解析】
28.C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a
difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic
garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑
料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料
垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑
料垃圾的关注；故选C项。
29.A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.
Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire
because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be
recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few
minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑
料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于
它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦
饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”，由定位句可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，
由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难；故选A项。
30.C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to
illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work,
titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic,
which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作
品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为
“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像
是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”，由定位句可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的
速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃
圾进入海洋这件事“耳目一新”；故选C项。
31.D 标题判断题 通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing
viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什
么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的
雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong
wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For
this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of
plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at
once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑
料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在
一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”，由定位句可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von
Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们
循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题；
故选D项。
【长难句析】
1. Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of
plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. 艺术家王家
卫想让你知道这一点。他用塑料垃圾建造了大量的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。
【分析】know that之后引导的是宾语从句；that在从句中不充当成分.后面的forcing在此是非谓语充当状
语成分；其逻辑主语为He即Artist Benjamin Von Wong；主语与动词为主动关系；所以为v-ing形式
2.For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than
10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped from a truck all
at once.在这项名为“塑料卡车”的工作中，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了1万多块塑料，然后把它们绑
在一起，看起来就像它们是一起从卡车上倾倒下来的一样。
【分析】For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,”中的titled是非谓语动词过去分词done的形式，做work的后置定语，意为：在这项名为“塑料卡车”的工作中；10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then
tied together to look like they’d been dumped from a truck all at once.中的which是非限制性定语从句，
which在从句中代指plastic，在从句中做主语；to look like是非谓语动词做目的状语，而they’d been
dumped from a truck all at once是省略了that的宾语从句，做look like的宾语。
Passage 34（2021全国乙卷D）
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by
the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking
space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also
typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach
works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were
statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise
similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects
were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85
decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level
of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to
wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for
working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop
ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found
that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee
shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32.Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A. It helps him concentrate. B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere. D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels C. 70 decibels.D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
35. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He’s a news reporter. B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer. D. He’s a published writer.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】工作环境背景音乐对创造性思维的影响
【语篇导读】作者本文主要介绍了一项研究发明，既工作环境背景音乐对工作者的创造性思维产生影响，
70分贝的环境音乐对人们的创造性思最有利维。
【答案解析】
32.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“That’s why I have a membership at the
coworking space across the street - so I can focus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格
——这样我就可以集中精力了。）”由定位句可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集
中精力；故选A项。33.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“The differences between most of the groups
were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group - those exposed to a
level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop - significantly outperformed the other
groups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于
咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels
were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise - not too loud and not
total silence - may actually improve one's creative thinking ability.（但由于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究
还表明，适当的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能
力。）”，由定位句可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能
促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。
34.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open
offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others'
conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and
conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain
level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放
式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的
谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提
供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”，由定位句可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的
原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰；故选D 项。
35.D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“During an interview for one of my books,
my interviewer said something I still think about often.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些
我至今还经常想起的话。）”，由定位句可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位
作家；故选D项。
【词汇积累】
coworking n.共享空间，共同工作空间 strike v. 给（某人以…）印象；让（某人）觉得
【长难句析】
1..But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of
background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking
ability.但由于70分贝的结果是显著的，研究还表明，适当的背景噪音——既不要太大，也不要完全沉默
——实际上可以提高一个人的创造性思维能力。
【分析】… since the results at 70 decibels were significant, 此处since引导原因转语从句。 …suggests
that the right level of background noise…此处that引导宾语从句。…—not too loud and not total silence
—此处属于插入语，是对noise的修饰。
2.Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process,
and yet a co-working space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing
freedom from interruptions.事实上，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和交谈会影响创作过程，然而，一个共
同工作的空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供了免受干扰的自由。
【分析】…the researchers found that…此处that引导宾语从句。…and yet a co-working space or a coffee
shop provides…此处 yet 是连词，表示转折，翻译为“然而”。…while also providing freedom from
interruptions. 此处while引导时间状语从句，表示“同时”。
Passage 35（2021天津卷C）
In the fictional worlds of film and TV, artificial intelligence （Al） has been described as so advanced that it
is indistinguishable from humans. But what if we're actually getting closer to a world where Al is capable of
thinking and feeling?
Tech company UneeQ is heading for its "digital humans", which appear life like on the screen not only interms of language, but also because of facial movements: raised eyebrows, a smile, even a nod. They look close to
a human, but not quite.
What lies beneath UneeQ9 s digital humans? Their 3D faces are modeled on actual human features. Speech
recognition enables them to understand what a person is saying, and natural language processing is used to work
out a response. Meanwhile, another Al company, Soul Machines, is taking a more biological approach, with a
"digital brain", that imitates aspects of the human brain to adjust the emotions "felt" and "expressed" by its "digital
people".
Shiwali Mohan, an Al scientist at the Palo Research Center, is skeptical of these digital beings. "They're
humanlike in their looks and the way they sound, but that in itself is not being human," she says. "Human qualities
also involve how you think, how you approach problems, and how you break them down; and that takes a lot of
algorithmic (算 法)design. Designing for human-level intelligence is a different attempt than designing images that
behave like humans." She then continues, “If something looks like a human, we have high expectations of them,
but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地)know how other humans react.
Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing high adoption of its digital employees across the financial, health
care, and commercial sectors （行业）. "Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficient
digitally, they might be left behind," says Chetan Dube, UneeQ9s CEO.
Some other companies are taking their digital beings a step further, enabling organizations and individuals to
create digital humans themselves using free-access platforms they provide. "The biggest motivation for such
platforms is to popularize Al," Dube says.
Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is
optimistic about where they are headed. "As we develop more advanced Al technology, we would then have to use
new ways of communicating with that technology, she says. "'Hopefully, all of that is designed to support humans
in their goals."
46. According to Para. 2, in what respect（s） do UneeQ9s "digital humans" resemble human beings?
A. In the way they move around. B. In the way they act and react.
C. In observation and analysis. D. In speech and facial expressions.
47. Soul Machines ‘digital brain is a technological breakthrough because it ______ .
A. learns to make proper emotional responses B. tends to imitate human beings' tone vividly
C. recognizes the speech sounds it receives D. processes the natural language it hears
48. In Mohan's opinion, what human quality is lacking in digital beings?
A. Calculating brain. B. Language skills.
C. Instinctive judgements. D. Problem-solving ability.
49. What makes many sectors employ digital humans?
A. The fear of falling behind in efficiency.
B. The urgency to promote e-commerce.
C. The wish to spread digital technology.
D. The need to upgrade the health care system.
50. What does Mohan think of the future of digital beings?
A. It's well planned. B. It is promising. C. It is uncertain. D. It's quite hopeless.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】科普知识 【主题】人工智能的新发展
【语篇导读】本文介绍人工智能取得了突破，许多科技公司正在推进、研发“数字人类”，并被很多部门
使用。但一些科学家对此表示怀疑，并指出了“数字人类”并不是真正的人类，有很多缺陷，但前景还是
很有希望的。
【答案详解】
46.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“Tech company UneeQ is heading for its
"digital humans", which appear life like on the screen not only in terms of language, but also because offacial movements: raised eyebrows, a smile, even a nod.（科技公司UneeQ正在研发一种“数字人”，这
种人在屏幕上看起来栩栩如生，不仅因为语言，还因为面部动作:眉毛扬起、微笑，甚至点头。），由定位
句可知，根据第2段，UneeQ9s的“数字人”在言语和面部表情上方面与人类相似；故选D项。
47.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段“Meanwhile, another Al company, Soul
Machines, is taking a more biological approach, with a "digital brain", that imitates aspects of the human
brain to adjust the emotions "fblt" and "expressed" by its “digital people”.（与此同时，另一家Al公司，
灵魂机器公司，正在采取一种更具生物性的方法，拥有一个“数字大脑”，它模仿人脑的各个方面来调节
其“数字人”的“fblt”和“表达”的情绪。）”，由定位句可知，灵魂机器的数字大脑是一项技术突破，
因为它倾向于做出适当的情绪反应；故选A项。
48.C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第四段“"They're humanlike in their looks and the
way they sound, but that in itself is not being human," she says. "Human qualities also involve how you
think, how you approach problems, and how you break them down; and that takes a lot of algorithmic
(算 法)design, but they might behave differently in ways that humans just instinctively (直觉地)know how
other humans react.”（“他们的外表和声音都像人类，但这本身不是人类，”她说。“人类的品质还包括
你如何思考、如何处理问题以及如何分解问题；这需要大量的算法设计。但他们的行为方式可能不同，人
类只是本能地知道其他人的反应。”），由定位句可判断出，在 Mohan看来，数字人缺少本能的判断；故
选C项。
49.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第五段“Yet the demand is there, with UneeQ seeing
high adoption of its digital employees across the financial, health care, and commercial sectors （行
业）.Unless these sectors make their business models much more efficient digitally, they might be left
behind（但需求依然存在，UneeQ的数字员工在金融、医疗和商业行业的使用率很高。除非这些行业将它
们的商业模式数字化得更高效，否则它们可能会被甩在后面）”，由定位句可知，害怕效率落后让许多行
业使用“数字人类”；故选A项。
50.D推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段“Mohan is cautious about this approach, yet
she supports the purpose behind these digital beings and is optimistic about where they are headed.”（
Mohan对这种方法持谨慎态度，但她支持这些数字生物背后的目的，并对他们的未来持乐观态度）”，由
定位句可判断出，Mohan数字人的未来是有希望的。故选B项。
【词汇积累】
fictional 虚构的 indistinguishable难以区别的，难以分辨的；不清楚的
be capable of 能够 imitate 模仿 instinctively直觉地
【长难句析】
1.Tech company UneeQ is heading for its "digital humans", which appear life like on the screen not only
in terms of language, but also because of facial movements: raised eyebrows, a smile, even a nod. 科技
公司UneeQ正在开发一种“数字人类”，这种人类不仅会在语言上逼真地出现在屏幕上，还会出现面部动
作:扬起眉毛、微笑，甚至点头。
【分析】本句含有一个定语从句 which appear life like on the screen ，先行词为digital humans； not
only ..., but also...表并列。
Passage 36（2021天津卷D）
Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functional and
beautiful. Why, then, is art still so widely considered to be "the easy subject" at school, insignificant to wider
society, a waste of time and effort?
Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can; art generates
money and holds significant emotional and cultural value within communities. When people attend a concert, they
are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and transport, but they also gain an incredible
experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their lives. People don't just wantmaterial things anymore, they want to experience life一the arts are a perfect crossover（交迭）between culture
and commerce.
Furthermore, the arts can bring communities together, reducing loneliness and making people feel safer. Social
bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion, and
their expression of common values through artworks in honour of events significant to a nation's experience.
The arts clearly have a pretty positive impact on physical and psychological health. It is found that people who
frequent cultural places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who
do not; more engagement with the arts is linked to a higher level of people's wellbeing. The Royal Society of Public
Health discovered that music and art, when used in hospitals, help to improve the conditions of patients by reducing
stress, anxiety and blood pressure.
Children who are involved with the arts make greater achievements in their education: those engaged with
drama have greater literary ability while others taking part in musical practice exhibit greater skills in math and
languages. Kids with preference for the arts have a greater chance of finding employment in the future.
Participating in the arts is essential for child development; encouraging children to express themselves in
constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses in later life.
Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used by nations across the world for various purposes. Life without
art would be boring and dead still, for art is a part of what makes us human.
51. Art products differ from most other commercial products because _______ .
A. most people purchase them for collection B. they are more expensive and less accessible
C. they have both commercial and cultural values D. their prices may climb up as time passes
52. By sharing their arts experiences, community members can ______ .
A.. keep the community safe from illnesses B. develop a stronger tie between them
C learn to appreciate their own works of art D. offer honorable solutions to their problems
53. What can we learn about people who are involved in artistic activities?
A. They enjoy better living conditions.
B. They like to compare themselves with others.
C. They are particularly good at both music and art.
D. They tend to be healthier physically and mentally.
54. How does kids' engagement with the arts benefit them?
A. It promotes their academic performance and emotional growth.
B. It gives them more confidence in exhibiting their learning skills.
C. It inspires their creativity in designing their future career.
D. It helps to make responsible people out of them.
55. What is the best title for this passage?
A. How Art Cures Our Hearts B. Art: A Blessing to Humankind
C. How Art Benefits Communities D. Art: A Bridge Between Cultures
【体裁】说明文 【题材】文化教育 【主题】退休后的线上学习与教学
【语篇导读】本文讲述了艺术这一活动对人类的重要意义，是我们不可或缺的社会生活之一。从赋予商品
的商业价值，人类的身心健康和青少年的学术和情感发展等方面论述了艺术的重要意义。
【答案详解】
51.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“Any public space has been carefully designed
by an artistic mind to be both functional and beautiful.”（任何公共空间都是由艺术家精心设计的，既实用又美
观。），以及“Art can connect culture with commercial products in a way that not many other things can”（艺
术可以将文化与商业产品联系起来，这是其他很多东西都做不到的。），由定位句可以看出，可见艺术参
与的作品兼具文化价值和商业价值；故选择C。
52.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段“Social bonds are created among individualswhen they share their arts experiences through reflection and discussion,, and their expression of common values
through artworks in honor of events significant to a nation's experience.”（当个人通过反思和讨论分享他们的艺
术经验，并通过艺术作品表达共同的价值观，以纪念对一个国家的经验有重要意义的事件时，社会纽带就
在他们之间建立起来。）”，由定位句可见通过分享经历，可以建立一种特殊的联系和纽带；故选择B。
53.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第四段“It is found that people who frequent cultural
places or participate in artistic events are more likely to gain good health compared to those who do not”（研究发
现，经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动的人比不经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动的人更容易获得健
康）”，由定位句可知参加艺术活动的人们在身心上都相对更加健康；故选择D。
54.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第五段“Children who are involved with the arts make
greater achievements in their education”（参与艺术的孩子在他们的教育中取得更大的成就）以及
“encouraging children to express themselves in constructive ways could help to form healthy emotional responses
in later life.”（有助于在以后的生活中形成健康的情感反应。），由定位句可见艺术活动促进了孩子们的学
业表现和情感成长；故选择A。
55.B 主旨大意题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段“Vital to human life, art is celebrated and used
by nations across the world for various purposes. Life without art would be boring and dead still, for art is a part of
what makes us human.（艺术对人类的生命至关重要，世界各国为各种目的庆祝和使用艺术。没有艺术的生
活将是无聊和死气沉沉的，因为艺术是我们人类的一部分。）”，由定位句可见艺术是人类重要的部分，
文章中也详细描述了艺术对不同人群的好处。所以短文的最佳标题为“艺术:人类的福祉”；故选择B。
【词汇积累】
functional 实用的 insignificant 微不足道的
generate 产生，引起 psychological 心理学的 engagement婚约，聘任
【长难句析】
1.When people attend a concert, they are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and transport, but
they also gain an incredible experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their
lives. 当人们参加一场音乐会时，他们会为音乐买单，当然，甚至可能会为酒店房间、餐饮和交通支付费
用，但他们也会获得一种不可思议的体验，一种独特的氛围和一种将贯穿他们余生的记忆。
【分析】本句是复合句，When people attend a concert为时间状语从句；but表并列； that will go through
the rest of their lives.为定语从句，修饰先行词a unique atmosphere and a memory 。
2.Social bonds are created among individuals when they share their arts experiences through reflection and
discussion, and their expression of common values through artworks in honour of events significant to a nation's
experience. 当他们通过反思和讨论来分享他们的艺术经验，并通过艺术作品来表达对一个国家的经验有意
义的事件时，社会纽带就在个人之间建立起来了。
【分析】本句是复合句，when引导的为时间状语从句；in honour of为固定短语，意为纪念。
Passage 37（2021年北京卷）
Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone
asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you
measure it. Today's state-of-the-art atomic（原子的） clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics
can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.
Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time
to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo（节奏） of human life？We're
increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we
need to moderate（调节）our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that？
Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet,
conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum
that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmentalchanges. We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If
the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you'll
see the opposite effect.
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics．It's a sort of
observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame（时间框架），and allows us
to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will
live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major
imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time
to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” official calendars by shifting
dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to
their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage
environmental awareness.
When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time 's most noticeable
qualities：Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as
pra.iseworthy as its purpose.
31 What is the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature．
B. Everyone can define time on their own terms．
C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it．
D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists．
32. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to________．
A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach
33. What can we learn from this passage？
A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life．
B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems．
C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower．
D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame．
34. What can we infer from this passage？
A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time．
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless．
C. We should live in harmony with nature．
D. History is a mirror reflecting reality．
【体裁】说明文 【题材】科普知识 【主题】特殊的计时方法
【语篇导读】本文通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境。
【31题详解】
31.B主旨大意题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段最后一句“Even advanced physics can't decisively
tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking．(即使是先进的物理学也不能决
定性地告诉我们时间是什么，因为答案取决于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的哲学家St．Augustine和爱
因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间；故选B项。
32.D推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段的“We're increasingly aware of the fact that we
can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if
we hope to live in balance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我
们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”，进而提出问题“What if our definition of time reflected
that？(如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢？)”，结合前两个问题“What if，instead of considering time interms of astronomy, we related time to ecology？What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo
（节奏） of human life？(如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们
允许环境条件来设定人类生活的节奏呢)”，可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法；故选D项。
33.C细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段的“We've programmed it to match an atomic
clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate．If the rivers run faster in the future on average，the
clock will get ahead of standard time．If they run slower，you'll see the opposite effect．（如果水道继续以目前
的速度流动，我们对它进行了编程，匹配了一个原子时间。如果河流在未来的平均运行速度更快，时间就
会超过标准时间。如果它们的运行速度较慢，你就会看到相反的效果。）”，由定位句可知，如果河流运
行速度得较慢，原子时间将超过河流时间；故选C项。
34.C推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段的“We're increasingly aware of the fact that we
can't control Earth systems with engineering alone，and realizing that we need to moderate（调节）our actions if
we hope to live in balance．(我们越来越意识到，我们不能只是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我
们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动。)”和倒数第二段的“Temporal connection to the
environment was vital to their survival．Likewise，river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing
may encourage environmental awareness(时间与环境的暂时联系对它们的生存至关重要。同样，河流时间和
我们正在开发的其他时间保护系统也可能会鼓励人们提高环境意识)”，由定位句可推断，从这篇文章中我
们知道我们应该与自然和谐共处，保护环境。故选C。
Passage 38（2020新课标Ⅰ卷C）
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to
fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-
kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,
an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers
moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately
twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000
or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her
research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do
not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon
among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people
with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race
walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes
some practice.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances. B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules. D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics. B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building. D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】竞走运动
【语篇导读】本文主要通过将竞走与跑步进行对比，介绍了竞走的基本规则、对竞走者体能的要求即竞走
对身体的冲击力，并给想从事竞走运动的人提了一些建议。
【答案详解】
28.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s
knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.（但
这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。）”，由定
位句可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则；故选C项。
29.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries
associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.（结果是一些与跑步有关的
损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。），由定位句可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能
导致膝盖受伤；故选D项。
30.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段Dr. Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing
to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，
任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)“，由定位句可知，
Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议；故选A项。
31.B 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with
running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
（研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。“，
由定位句可判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的；故选B项。
【词汇积累】
conditioned adj. 有条件的，受制约的
pound v. 冲击，冲撞
place considerable stress on sth. 施加压力于… ；重视
【长难句析】
1. Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing
to fewer injuries. 研究表明，竞走和跑步有很多健身的好处，但竞走更有可能减少受伤。
【分析】while 引导从句，表示转折。
2. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800
calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than
running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. 根据大多数计算，竞走者以每小时
6英里的速度移动每小时会燃烧大约800卡路里，这大约是他们步行燃烧的两倍，尽管比跑步少，跑步每
小时可能燃烧大约1000或更多卡路里。
【分析】race walkers would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour是主句部分；;which从句非限制性定语
引导,which指代800 calories；although引导让步状语从句。
Passage 39（2020新课标I卷D）
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have
found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the
city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces
were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing theactual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that
we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.
Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth
of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the
rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a
one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off
“switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed
from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of
energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants. B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces. D. Benefits from green plants.
33.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. To detect plants’ lack of water B. To change compositions of plants
C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants.
34.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy production. B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption. D. They could take the place of power plants.
35.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can we grow more glowing plants? B. How do we live with glowing plants?
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps? D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【体裁】说明文 【题材】环境与自然 【主题】会发光的植物
【语篇导读】文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。
文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，
达到节约能源的作用。
【答案详解】
32.D 主旨大意题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio,
for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were
shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.（例如，在俄
亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场
所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。）”，由定位句可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物
的益处；故选D。
33.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“These include plants that have sensors
printed on their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals
in groundwater.（这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地
下水中的有害化学物质。）”，由定位句可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测
植物缺水的情况；故选A。
34.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段中“Glowing plants could reduce this
distance and therefore help save energy.（发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。）”，由定
位句可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗；故选C。
35.C 主旨大意题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段“Lighting accounts for about 7%of thetotal electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as
the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during
transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.（照明约占美国总
耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大
量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好
处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植
物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用）”，由定位句可知，C选项
“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题；故选C。
【词汇积累】
productive adj. 多产的，丰饶的；有效益的，富有成效的；
spray v. 喷，撒
a one-off treatment 一次性治疗
account for 占据（比例）；解释，说明（原因 ）
consume v. 消耗
【长难句析】
1.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a
plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. 其中包括在叶子上印上传感器的植物，当它们缺水时
可以显示，还包括一种植物可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质。
【分析】句子主干为：These include plants that … and a plant that…
Passage 40（2020新课标II卷B）
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help
children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of
Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play
was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income,
education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and
found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at
54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their
ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the
study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more
frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play
with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more
active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
24.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
25.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination.
C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship.
26.How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles more often. B. They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more spatial language. D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
27.What is the text mainly about?
A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study.
C. A woman psychologist D. A teaching program.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】文化教育 【主题】拼图游戏有助于提高数学相关能力
【语篇导读】本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
【答案解析】
24.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“…found children who play with puzzles
between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更
好)”，由定位句可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展
空间能力)符合以上说法；故选B项。
25．C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“Puzzle play was found to be a significant
predictor of cognition after controlling for difference in parents' income, education and the amount of
parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏
被发现是一个重要的认知预测)”，由定位句可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度
和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法；故选C项。
26.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到倒数第二段“However, boys tended to play with
more complex puzzles than girls.（然而男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题。）”，由定位句可知男孩可能会
玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以
上说法；故选D项。
27.B 主旨大意题 通读全文，本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和
结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法；故选B项。
【词汇积累】
spatial skills 空间能力
interact with 与……互动；与……沟通，交流，互动
【长难句析】
1. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in
parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. 莱文说，在控制了父母收入、受教育程
度和父母谈话时间的差异后，他们发现玩益智游戏是认知能力的一个重要预测指标。
【分析】主句是被动语态。after后接doing短语。
2. The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their
ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes. 在评估他们旋转和翻译形状能力的任务中，玩拼图的孩子比不玩
的孩子表现得更好。
【分析】两个who 分别引导定语从句限定两类人，而that引导定语从句修饰tasks。
Passage 41（2020新课标Ⅱ卷C）
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have (showcased) nutria fur made into clothes in
different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur unless you understand that the nutria is destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria was brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种). It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，“To give people a guilt-free option that
they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in
New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria
fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it
is eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur. B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand. D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B. Nutria are an endangered species.
C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】社会文化 【主题】将海狸鼠毛皮带回市场
【语篇导读】本文介绍了为了解决海狸鼠泛滥成灾的问题，美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装
秀：展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。设计师称这是一种环保的举措，并向大众宣传不要因为穿戴海狸鼠毛皮制成
的衣服而有负罪感。
【答案详解】
28.A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and
Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free
fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project
director of Righteous Fur.（美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成
的不同风格的衣服，项目总监Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感
皮衣是很疯狂的事情。）”，由定位句可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣
时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣；故选A。
29.A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段“Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that
they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.（科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5
美元。）“，由定位句可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡；故选A。
30.D 词义猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第五段“The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,
but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. （毛皮贸易
使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯
长。）”，由定位句可知， but在这里这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海
狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和
D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近；故选D。
31.B 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“To give people a guilt –free option that they can
wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York.
（为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事
情。）”，由定位句可知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的；故选B。【词汇积累】
enthusiasts n. 热心者，热衷者
multiply like crazy 疯狂增长
a guilt-free option 没有负罪感的选择
come around to the opinion 回心转意
【长难句析】
1. Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for
her creations is morally acceptable. 设计师詹妮弗·安德森承认，她花了很长一段时间才感受到：在她的作品
中使用海狸草在道德上是可以接受的。
【分析】admit 后接宾语从句，that引导同位语从句说明具体的观点。
Passage 42（2020新课标III卷D）
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and
northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to
air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.
The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the
Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱)
in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii
researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than
us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the
Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the
task easier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo.
She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
32.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection.
33.Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
34.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
35.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World’s Best Divers
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】人类因所处环境而进化出特殊本领
【语篇导读】最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也
有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
【答案解析】
32.B 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段的“we are the products of evolution, and not just
evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples ofhuman evolution in just the past few thousand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当
科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)”，由定位句可知，作者列
举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New
knowledge of human evolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法；故选B项。
33.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“The Bajau, as these people are known, number
in hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally live on houseboats; in
recent times, they've also built houses on stilts in coastal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西
亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上。)”，由定位
句可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D. Off the coast.(沿海)符合以上说法；故选D项。
34.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段的“we were so amazed that they could stay
underwater much longer than us local islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的
多。)”，由定位句可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay
long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法；故选C项。
35.A 主旨大意题 通读全文，根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in
Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaption-not to air or to food, but to the ocean.(周四，在《细
胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可
知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成
更适应海洋生活。A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题；
故选A项。
【词汇积累】
number in the hundreds of thousands 数十万的数量。number 为动词。
the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population 这是自然选择作用于种群的绝佳机会。
【长难句析】
1.She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made
the task easier for them. 她想知道，几个世纪的潜水是否导致了身体特征的进化，使他们更容易完成任务。
【分析】wonder 后接if宾语从句，that引导定语从句。
Passage 43（2020江苏卷C）
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating
first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been
known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise
healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the
men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed
that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped
breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the
other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat
tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed
lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.
As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other
hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.
Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these
genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout
the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men
had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip
eating first.
61.The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered
62.Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?
A. Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people. B. Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C. They could walk at an average speed. D. They had slow metabolic rates.
63.What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?
A. They successfully lost weight. B. They consumed a bit more calories.
C. They burned more fat on average. D. They displayed higher insulin levels.
65.What could be learned from the research?
A. A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B. Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C. Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D. Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】体育健康 【主题】不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益
【语篇导读】本文介绍了一项研究，结果表明对于那些能忍受的人来说，不吃早餐锻炼可能对健康更有益。
【答案解析】
61.B 词句猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到下文“working out before breakfast may be more
beneficial for health than eating first.”，由定位句可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益，因
此推断这里说的是那些不吃早饭先锻炼的人，因此推断划线词与B项“不吃早饭能应付”意思相近；故选
B。
62.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段“They first found 10 overweight and inactive but
otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are far better and worse, representative of those of most of us.”，
由定位句可知，他们首先找到了10个超重的，不活跃但健康的年轻人，他们的生活方式可以说更好，也
可以说更糟，代表了我们大多数人。因此可知，实验时选择的10个人的生活方式代表了普通人；故选A。
63.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第六段“As a result, they burned more fat during walks
on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand. they burned slightly more calories(卡路里),
on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.”，由定位句可知，结果，他们空腹散步时燃
烧的脂肪比他们首先吃东西时所燃烧的脂肪要多。 另一方面。平均而言，他们在早餐后锻炼时燃烧的卡
路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，锻炼前吃早饭消耗更多一点的热量；故选B。
64.D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段“The implication of these results is that to gain
the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.”，由定位句可知，这些结果的暗
示，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，先不吃东西可能更明智。因此推断早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有
益；故选D。
【词汇积累】
skipped breakfast 不吃早餐
【长难句析】
1.The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise
to skip eating first. 这些结果的含义是，为了从运动中获得最大的健康益处，首先不吃东西可能是明智的。【分析】主系表结构；that引导表语从句中，动词不定式短语to gain the greatest health benefits from
exercise作表语从句的目的状语。
Passage 44（2020新高考I卷D）
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of
our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上) participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other
case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took
significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his
eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
32.What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
33.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
34.Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
35.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】就餐同伴会影响食物摄入量
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一项关于就餐同伴的体形和饮食习惯影响人们食物摄入量的研究；该研究表
明人们对他人体形和食量的看法会影响自己的饮食行为。
【答案解析】
32.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“According to a recent study in the Journal of
Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake
（根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入
量。）”，由定位句可知，这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
33.D 词义猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到划线部分前半句“And contrary to existing research that
says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）（和现有的研究，即你应该避
免和大食量的超重人士一起吃饭相反），由定位句可知，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big
appetites，由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反；故选D。
34.A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating
habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.（为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两
个实验。），由定位句以及结合倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食
物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推
断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者；故选A。
35.C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large
portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow
suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? （如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我
看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不
能呢？”，由定位句可知我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的；故选C。
【词汇积累】
consumption n. 消费，消耗；食用，引用，吸入 consume v. 消耗，消费；吃，喝
grab攫取，抓住；（尤指匆忙地）取，吃，喝；霸占，强夺；利用，抓住（机会）；引人注意，吸引
【长难句析】
1. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large
portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.与现有的研究相反，你应该避免与体
重较大的人一起吃饭，他们点的份量很大，你真正需要避免的是那些胃口很大的瘦子。
【分析】that 引导定语从句说明 research 的具体内容，who 引导定语从句修饰 heavier people，最后
appetites后面是定语从句省略了that 。
Passage 45（2020天津卷A）
How to Use a Modern Public Library
Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library? If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries
have changed for the better. It’s been years since they were dusty little rooms with books. They have transformed
themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting people, or find out how to
start a business.
Check out a book. While libraries still loan out(出借)books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever
you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries. Via such networks, libraries share their books
with each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest
branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.
Check out other items. The library is now a multimedia zone, loaded with information in many formats(载体
形式). You can borrow movies on DVDs, music on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys
and games. If a popular magazine you want isn’t offered and the library keeps a list of such requests, they may
bring it in when enough interest is shown.
Join targeted reading groups. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to various age groups.
Perhaps you’d like to learn a language or improve your English. The library may sponsor a language group you
could join. If you have difficulties reading, ask about special reading opportunities. Your library might be able to
accommodate you. And you might find it relaxing to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit
quietly in a corner with a good book.
Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local
library can become a launch space for it. In library books and computers, you can find information on starting a
business. Many libraries will help you with locally supplied information about business management shared
through chambers of commerce(商会)and government agencies, and they will offer printing, faxing and database
services you need.
36. Public libraries connected by a cooperative network benefit readers by______.A. sharing their books on the Internet B. giving access to online reading at a library branch
C. sending a needed book to a library branch nearby D. making the checkout procedures diverse
37. According to Paragraph 3, what items may be checked out from a public library?
A. A magazine and an e-book. B. A game and an oil painting.
C. A music CD and a kid’s toy. D. A DVD and a video player
38. As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows ______.
A. the kid to learn a new language B. the parent to enjoy quiet reading
C. the kid to overcome reading difficulties D. the parent to meet their program sponsor
39. Your local library can help you start a business by ______.
A. providing relevant information and supporting services
B. offering professional advice on business management
C. supplying useful information of your potential buyers
D. arranging meetings with government officials
40. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To point out the importance of public libraries.
B. To encourage people to work in public libraries.
C. To introduce the improved services of public libraries.
D. To call for the modernization of public library systems.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】社会文化 【主题】现代公共图书馆服务
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了现代图书馆为人们提供的服务，并为人们如何合理地利用改造升级后现代公
共图书馆提供了一些建议。
【答案详解】
36.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章“Check out a book中“Via such networks, libraries
share their books with each other through the use of delivery vehicles. Once the book you've requested is delivered
的
to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.( 通过这样 网络，图书馆通过运载
车辆的使用彼此分享图书。一旦你要的书送到最近的书店，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，你就可以去取
了。)”，由定位句可知，合作网络连接的公共图书馆通过向附近的图书馆分支机构发送所需的书籍，使读
者受益；故选C项。
37.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第三段“You can borrow movies on DVDs, music
on CDs, and popular magazines. Some libraries even loan out toys and games. ( 你可以借DVD电影、CD音乐
和流行杂志。一些图书馆甚至借出玩具和游戏。)”，由定位句可知，从公共图书馆可以外借DVD电影、
CD音乐、流行杂志、玩具和游戏等物品；故选C项。
38.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第四段“And you might find it relaxing to bring
your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book. (你可能会发现带着你
的孩子去半个小时的“故事时间”是一种放松，那时你安静地坐在角落里看一本好书，)”，由定位句可知，
带孩子去半小时的“故事时间”，可以让父母享受安静的阅读；故选B项。
39.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章最后一段“Many libraries will help you with locally
supplied information about business management shared through chambers of commerce（商会）and government
agencies, and they will offer printing and database services you need. (许多图书馆会通过商会和政府机构分享本
地提供的商业管理信息，并提供你需要的打印和数据库服务。)”，由定位句可知，你当地的图书馆可以通
过提供相关信息和支持服务来帮助你创业；故选A项。
40.C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章标题“How to Use a Modern Public Library（如何
使用一个现代公共图书馆）”和第一段中的“you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the
better. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge meet
interesting people, or find out how to start a business.（你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。他们已
经把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你可以发展你对知识的热爱，遇见有趣的人，或者发现如何创业）”，再结合几个小标题：Check out a book（借一本书）； Check out other items（借其他物品）；Join targeted
reading groups（加入有针对性的阅读小组）；Start a business using the help of your local library（在当地图书
馆的帮助下创业），由定位句可知，本文主要介绍了在经过改善后的图书馆里，人们可以做些什么，即：
经过改善后的图书馆可以给人们提供什么服务；故选C。
【词汇积累】
check out 1、结账：在离开酒店或商店时支付费用；2、查看：仔细观察或检查某物；3、办理退房手
续：在离开酒店时完成退房手续。
targeted adj.定向的；被定为攻击目标的; v.把……作为目标（target 的过去分词）
【长难句析】
1. They have transformed themselves into places where you can develop your love of knowledge, meet interesting
people, or find out how to start a business. 他们已经把自己变成了一个地方，在那里你可以培养你对知识的
热爱，结识有趣的人，或者发现如何创业。
【分析】本句为主从复合句：where 引导定语从句，在定语从句中还用到了“develop”，“meet”和
“find out”一组动作链的描写。
Passage 46（2020天津卷C）
For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past,
sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are
sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the
phenomenon we call sound.
Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And
the officer can’t let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief
drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It
produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed
like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.
For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let’s say you are at the airport,
and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over
again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the
sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions
by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves
cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.
Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光
灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, “spotsound” creates a circle
of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new
way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu,
allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to
appear in shopping centers and even at homes.
46. What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?
A. It causes temporary hearing loss. B. It slows down a running man.
C. It makes it easy to identify a suspect. D. It keeps the suspect from hurting others.
47. The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________.
A. silence the people around you B. remove the sound of commercials
C. block the incoming sound waves D. stop unwanted sound from affecting you
48. What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?
A. They travel in circles. B. They clear the atmosphere.
C. They can be transformed into energy. D. They can be directed onto a specific area.49. Directed sound can be used for ________.
A. creative designs of restaurant menus B. ideal sound effects on the theater stage
C. different choices of music for businesses D. strict control over any suspicious customer
50. What does the passage focus on?
A. How professionals invented sound products. B. Inventions in the field of sound technology.
C. The growing interest in the study of sound. D. How sound engineers work in their studios.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】声音技术方面的新发明的应用
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一些声音技术领域的发明创造及其在各个领域的应用，如声音可以用作武器
的远程声学设备、用来阻止有害声音影响你的静音机以及定向音响技术在商业活动中的应用。
【答案详解】
46.A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段中的“It produces a deafening sound so painful
that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into
the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.”，由定位句可知它发出震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音令人如此痛苦
以至于它会使人暂时丧失能力。LRAD发出的噪音像光线一样被引导，只进入那个人的耳朵，但不会致命。
由此可推知，LRAD会导致暂时性听力损失；故选A。
47.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段中的“Well, it functions by analyzing the waves
of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out.
Simply turn the machine on point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.”，由定位句可知，它的功
能是通过分析传入声音的波，并产生第二组传出的波。这两组波会相互抵消。只要打开机器对准目标，你
的宁静就会回来。由此可知，静音机是一种专门设计用来阻止有害声音影响你的设备；故选D。
48.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段中的“A spotlight lights up only one section of
a stage; similarly, a “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in one targeted area.”，由定位句可知，聚光灯只能照
亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个“spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。由此可知，spotsounds和
聚光灯的共同特性是它们可以被定向到一个特定的区域；故选D。
49.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段中的“A spotlight lights up only one section of
a stage; similarly,”spotsound” creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as
restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music
along with the various food choice on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which
they are dining.”，由定位句可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个”spotsound”在一个目标
区域创建一个声音圈。这对餐馆和商店等企业很有用，因为它提供了一种吸引顾客的新方式。餐厅可以提
供音乐选择与菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制气氛，在他们用餐。由此可知，定向音响可以用
于不同的商业音乐选择；故选C。
50.B 主旨大意题 通读全文，根据第一段中的“In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of
recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with
professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.”可知，在过去，音
响工程师在录音室的后室工作，但今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和
经验，以我们所谓的声音现象为基础创造新产品。结合下文具体内容可知，本文着重论述了声音技术领域
的发明创造；故选B。
【词汇积累】
chase a thief 追贼
deafening adj. 震耳欲聋的；极喧闹的
【长难句析】
1.Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing
customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. 餐馆可以在菜单上提供各种食物选择的
同时提供音乐选择，让顾客更好地控制就餐的氛围。
【分析】along with 并列offer 的两个宾语，allowing 做结果状语。Passage 47（2020北京卷B）
Baggy has become the first dog in the UK—and potentially the world—to join the fight against air pollution
by recording pollutant levels near the ground.
Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground. Her
monitor has shown that air pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns
that babies and young kids may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.
Conventional air pollution monitors are normally fixed on lampposts at about nine feet in the air. However,
since Baggy stands at about the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）, she frequently records pollution
levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Environment Agency.
The doggy data research was the idea of Baggy's 13-year-old owner Tom Hunt and his dad Matt. The English
youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than they are in the air at
the height where they are recorded by the agency. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government
in an attempt to emphasize that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very proud" of his son because “when the boy gets an idea, he keeps his head down
and gets on with it, and he really does want to do some good and stop young kids from getting asthma."
“Tom built up a passion for environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very
interested in gadgets（小装置）. About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One
Sunday afternoon, we went out to do some monitoring, and he said, why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let
her monitor the pollution？'So we did it."
Tom said, "Most of the time, Baggy is just like any other dog. But for the rest of the time, she is a super dog,
and we are all really proud of her."
34.With a monitor on her collar, Baggy can ____________.
A. take pollutant readings B. record pollutant levels C. process collected data D. reduce air pollution
35.What can we learn from the Baggy data?
A. High places are free of air pollution. B. Higher pushchairs are more risky for kids.
C. Conventional monitors are more reliable. D. Air is more polluted closer to the ground.
36.What is Tom's purpose of doing the research?
A. To warn of a health risk. B. To find out pollution sources.
C. To test his new monitor. D. To prove Baggy's abilities.
37.According to the passage, which word can best describe Tom Hunt?
A. Modest. B. Generous. C. Creative. D. Outgoing.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】人物故事 【主题】汤姆用新方法监测空气污染指数
【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了13岁的孩子Tom Hunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的宠物狗的脖子上戴污染监测
器来记录地面附近的污染物水平；监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于强调婴儿和幼儿
可能面临更高风险发展肺部问题的担忧。
【答案解析】
34．B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第二段“Baggy wears a pollution monitor on her
collar so she can take data measurements close to the ground.（ Baggy在她的衣领上戴着污染监测器，这样她
就可以在接近地面的地方进行数据测量。”，由定位句可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物的水平；故答
案为B项。
35．D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第二段 “Her monitor has shown that air
pollution levels are higher closer to ground level, which has helped highlight concerns that babies and young kids
may be at higher risk of developing lung problems.她的监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助
于突显婴儿和幼童罹患肺部疾病的风险更高的担忧。”，由定位句可知接近地面的空气污染水平更高；故答案为D项。
36．A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第四段“Tom has since reported the shocking
findings to the government in an attempt to emphasize that babies are at higher risk of developing asthma（哮喘）.
（汤姆已经令人震惊的发现报告给政府,试图强调,婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。），由定位句可知Tom研究的
目的是对健康风险提出警告；故答案为A项。
37．C 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章倒数第二段“Tom built up a passion for
environmental protection at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets（小装
置）.About one year ago, he got this new piece of tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternoon, we went
out to do some monitoring, and he said, why don't we put it on Baggy's collar and let her monitor the
pollution？'So we did it.（汤姆在很小的时候就对环境保护产生了热情，马特补充说。他非常感兴趣的产品
(小装置)。大约一年前，他得到了一个类似试管的新技术。一个星期天的下午，我们出去做一些监测，他
说，为什么我们不把它戴在Baggy的衣领上，让她监测污染?于是我们就这么做了。）”，由定位句可知
Tom是非常的有创造力的；故答案为C项。
【词汇积累】
potentially adv.可能地，潜在地
build up a passion for 建立了对…的热情
【长难句析】
1.The English youngster noticed that pollution levels are around two-thirds higher close to the ground than
they are in the air at the height where they are recorded by the agency. 这位英国年轻人注意到，在该机构记录
的高度，接近地面的污染水平比空气中的污染水平高出约三分之二。
【分析】notice 引导宾语从句，宾语从句中有比较级的运用，说明close to the ground 和 in the air 的污染
情况的比较，后者由where 引导定语从句修饰。
Passage 48（2020浙江1月卷C）
Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. Key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a
characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University
discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325 American
families over several years. And over time, the persistence gained through fathers led to higher achievement in
school.
“There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers,” Padilla-Walker said. “This research
also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an “authoritative” parenting style. Authoritative parenting is
not authoritarian: rigid, demanding or controlling. Rather, an authoritative parenting style includes some of the
following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind
rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy(自主权).
In the study, about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key
finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop
persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest that
single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research.
27. What is special about the BYU professors' study?
A. It centered on fathers' role in parenting. B. It was based on a number of large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles. D. It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school.
28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them.C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them.
29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?
A. Single parents. B. Children aged from 11 to 14.
C. Authoritarian fathers. D. Mothers in two-parent homes.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers.
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future.
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father.
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】家庭教育【主题】介绍父亲对孩子教育影响的研究
【语篇导读】研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。研究人员认为，父
亲们需要采用一种“权威”的养育方式，且一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的
孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。
【答案解析】
27.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段最后一句“Researchers from Brigham Young
University discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.（杨
百翰大学的研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）”，由定位句可知杨
百翰大学研究的特别之处在于，它关注的是父亲在养育子女中的角色；故选A。
28.D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第四段“Rather，an authoritative parenting style
includes some of the following characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and
the reasons behind rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy.（相反，权威的养育方
式包括以下一些特征:孩子们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适当
的自主权）”，由定位句可知一个有权威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则；故选D。
29.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段最后一句“Yet the researchers suggest that
single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research.
（然而，研究人员认为，单亲父母仍然可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方
向）”，由定位句可知根据研究人员的说法，单亲父母是未来研究的重点；故选A。
30.C 主旨大意题 通读全文，根据文章倒数第二段中“A key finding is that over time，children raised by an
authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence，which leads to better outcomes in
school.（一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精
神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩）”和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选C选项“孩子
们倾向于向父亲学习决心”最符合文章标题；故选C。
【词汇积累】
authoritative parenting is not authoritarian 权威型父母不是专制的
exhibit v. 展出；表现出 exhibition n. 展览；展览会
Passage 49 (2020全国新高考II卷C)
In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so
people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as
800,000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something
terrible: the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry.
Worse, it was beginning to sway (晃动). The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people
made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design: Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to
engineering and a paean (赞歌) to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing aboutdisasters. In this book he includes the loss of the space shuttles (航天飞机) Challenger and Columbia, and the
sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or
engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context
in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality
materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with
seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion
of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp therm.
“Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
28. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?
A. It carried more weight than it could.
B. It swayed violently in a strong wind.
C. Its roadway was damaged by vehicles.
D. Its access was blocked by many people.
29. Which of the following is Dr. Ptroski’s idea according to paragraph 3?
A. No design is well received everywhere.
B. Construction is more important than design.
C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering design.
D. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
30. What does the last paragraph suggest?
A. Failure can lead to progress.
B. Success results in overconfidence.
C. Failure should be avoided.
D. Success comes from joint efforts.
31. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A short story. C. A book review. D. A research article
【体裁】说明文 【题材】文学与艺术 【主题】《请原谅设计：理解失败》的书评
【语篇导读】本文主要是对皮特罗斯基博士的书《请原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，并指出，工程设计可
能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败能带来进步。
【答案详解】
28.A细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第一段“In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge
had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers
expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the
time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what
turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway.（1987年5月，
金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万
人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的
现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。）”，由定位句可以看出，
金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它的承受能力；故选A。
29.C推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第三段“Though he acknowledges that
engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong,
in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes
devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a
design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until,
suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.（虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有
时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，
以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。）”，
由定位句可推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法；故选
C。
30.A细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章最后一段的 “It is failure that brings
improvement.”，由定位句可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进
步；故选A。
31.C推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到文章第二段“The story is one of scores in To
Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean(赞歌)to its
breakdowns.（这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对
其崩溃的赞歌。）”，倒数第二段“Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some
new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young
engineers can be helped to grasp them.（读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关
于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握他们责任的方法。）”，以及最后一段“It is failure
that brings improvement.”，由定位句可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本
书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评；故选C。
Passage 50 (2020全国新高考II卷D)
Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a
single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480
varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant
amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall
trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest
animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually
touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and
make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump
or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is
actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches
of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-
your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours,
streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of
rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
32. What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?
A. They produce oxygen. B. They cover a vast area.
C. They are well managed. D. They are rich in wildlife.
33. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?
A. Heavy rains B. Big trees.
C. Small plants. D. Forest animals.
34. Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?
A. For more sunlight. B. For more growing space.
C. For self-protection. D. For the detection of insects.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Life-Giving Rainforests B. The Law of the Jungle
C. Animals in the Amazon D. Weather in Rainforests
【体裁】说明文 【题材】自然与环境 【主题】给与生命的热带雨林
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了热带雨林的特点，分别从某物种丰富、享有“地球之肺”的美誉、完善的自
我保护体系以及降水量充沛方面进行了阐述。
【答案详解】
32.D细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“Rainforests are home to a rich variety of
medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.（热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。）”，
由定位句可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生动物；故选D。
33.B细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“Rainforests have their own perfect system for
ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect
themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong
winds.（热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动
物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。）”，由定位句可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存；故选
B。
34.C推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段“Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent
the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.（科学家们认为
这是植物阻止任何树木疾病扩散和让比如毛毛虫这种食用树叶的昆虫难以生存。）”，由定位句可以判断
出不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护；故选C。
35.A主旨大意题 通读全文，本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。
其次，热带雨林就是地球的肺——它吸纳了大量的二氧化碳，并制造了全球氧气的很大部分。然后，雨林
可以自我形成所需降雨的75%，而庞大的热带雨林湿气则可以形成雨云，这些雨云则可以飘往那些缺雨水
的国家。可以判断出本文最佳标题是“给予生命的热带雨林”；故选A。
Passage 51 (2020全国课标III卷B)
When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film
stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:
"Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part
Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated
properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.
24. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?
A. To see famous film stars. B. To oppose wearing fur coats.
C. To raise money for animal protection. D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The cost of making "Apes." B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes." D. The performance of real apes.26. What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A. They may be badly treated. B. They should take further training.
C. They could be traded illegally D. They would lose popularity.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】动物演员的处境
【语篇导读】本文介绍了电影《猩球崛起》上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电
影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一
些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。
【答案详解】
24.D细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“Instead, one activist ,dressed in a full -body
monkey suit ,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes.(相反，一名身穿全
套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人：“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴”。) ”，
由定位句可知，动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢；故选D项。
25.B主旨大意题 通读全文，根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉)
technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s
performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). ”“人猿”背后的创作
团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形
处理，以产生最终的影像。）”，由定位句可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造；故选B项。
26.D词句猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization,
which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment.（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的
待遇。）”以及下文“Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and
"Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动
物没有遭到很好的对待。）”，由定位句可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着
2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”；故选D项。
27.A推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段“In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment
of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are
raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not
monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对
动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不
像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）”，由定位句可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不
是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待；故选A项。
Passage 52（ 2020全国新课标I卷B）
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome
familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest
Hemningway’s A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is
almost intoxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another isAnnie Dillard’s Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is
Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24.Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship. B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend. D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip. B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event. D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
26.What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.
27.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry. B. He’s an editor. C. He’s very ambitious. D. He teaches reading.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】文化教育 【主题】重读喜爱的书籍
【语篇导读】本文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去
重新阅读书籍。
【答案详解】
23.D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do.
And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅
读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is
based on our present register. It is true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于
我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”，由定位句可
推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解；故选D项。
24.B 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir
of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.”，由定位句可知，这本书
出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的
日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活；故选B项。
25.B 词义猜测题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and
necessary.(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”，由定位句可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推
知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是
读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”；故选B项。
26.A 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save
Twilight: selected poems, because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗
歌)”，由定位句可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书；故选A项。
【词汇积累】
transformative adj.有改革能力的，起改造作用的
pull their own weight 承担自己的责任
memoir n. 回忆录
【长难句析】
1.There’s a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both,
and thus the relationship. 这是一种受欢迎的熟悉感——但有时也会有点怀疑，时间已经改变了你们俩，从
而改变了你们的关系。
【分析】that 引导同位语从句，而且从句中又并列两个宾语。Passage 53（2019课标全国I卷C）
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)
technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still
expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this
problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and
the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the
keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer
it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times
using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on
how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
28.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.
C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
29.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A. Computers are much easier to operate. B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person. D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A. It’ll be environment-friendly. B. It’ll reach consumers soon.
C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
31.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A diary. B.A guidebook C.A novel. D.A magazine.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】智能键盘
【语篇导读】数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，而指纹扫描等这些防盗技术仍然很昂贵的。本文介绍了一
种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘，而且这项技术也不贵。
【答案解析】
28.D 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段“At present, these technologies are still
expensive, though.和第二段的Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost
device that gets around this problem: a smart key board.”，由定位句可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为
了降低e-space保护的成本；故选D。
29.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“The key board could offer a strong layer of
security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These
patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities.”，由定位句可
知，用户打字的力度和按键之间的时间是不同的，这使得智能键盘能够识别人；故选C。
30.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到最后一段“The team hopes to make it to market in
the near future.”，由定位句可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。
31.D 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘，由此可
推断本文最有可能来自于一本科学杂志；故选D。
【词汇积累】by extension 进一步地
be pretty straightforward to commercialize 很容易商业化
【长难句析】
1.These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension,
whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the
password right. 这些模式对每个人来说都是独一无二的。因此，键盘可以确定人们的身份，进而确定他们
是否应该被允许访问与之相连的计算机——无论某人是否输入了正确的密码。
【分析】 determine 后面由and并列两个宾语，regardless of 做状语。
Passage 54（2019课标全国II卷D）
Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms( 微生物) from our bodies grow
uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each
week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not
just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and
Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years,
Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a
solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says
Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are
you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year,
present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at time. It’s
a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These
kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And those annoying bacteria? Gordon says
his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in
space.
32. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education
34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs
C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts. B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom. D. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】HUNCH项目
【语篇导读】本文为说明文。本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细
菌这一技术，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，从而最终影响到大学入学。
【答案详解】
32.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第一段中的“Bacteria are annoying problem for
astronauts. The microorganisms form our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International SpaceStation, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.（细菌对宇航员来说是个令人讨厌的问题。这
种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长，宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它
们。）”，由定位句可知它们很难去掉，其中的“the microorganisms”包括“bacteria”，由此可知， A项符
合题意。
33.D推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段“HUNCH is designed to connect high school
classrooms with NASA engineers. Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,..”，
由定位句可知，Hunch旨在把高中教室和NASA的工程师联系起来。Gordon的学生一直在研究如何在零重
力下杀死细菌, ...”。结合最后一段中的“Gordon students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the
problem,...”可知，学生每天都给NASA的工程师发邮件一起探讨（如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）
这个问题。由此可推断出HUNCH program的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。分析选项可知D项符合
题意。
34.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段中“I’ve got to produce this product and then, at
the end of the year ,present it to NASA, ”，和“Engineers come and really do an in-person review，and ...It’s
not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”，由定位句可知，NASA的工程师要
检查学生所做的产品。分析选项可知A项符合题意；故选A。
35.B 主旨大意题 通读全文可知，文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题
的途径 —— 借助美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起
来。在这项计划里，学生们通过homework（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空，
因此“太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题；故选B。
【词汇积累】
an in-person review 亲自审查
sit back 放松，不采取行动
Passage 55（2019课标全国III卷D）
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of
numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the
monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the
experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol
would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would
flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the
screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be
rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more
than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each
combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to
underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing,
for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the
monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分)of the smaller
number to it.
"This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains, "Dr. Livingstone says. “But in
this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
32. What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?
A. They fed them. B. They named them. C. They trained them. D. They measured them.33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen. C. By watching videos D. By mixing two drinks.
34. What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?
A. They could perform basic addition. B. They could understand simple words.
C. They could memorize numbers easily. D. They could hold their attention for long.
35. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Science.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】介绍说明 【主题】猴子会算数
【语篇导读】本文介绍了哈弗医学院科学团队的一项研究，该研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。
文章对研究的经过和结论做了介绍和分析。
【答案详解】
32.C 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段中的“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus
monkeys…The researches then tested how…”，由定位句可知，在对这些猴子进行测试之前，研究者们对它
们进行了培训；故C选项正确。
33.B 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段中的“In their cages the monkeys were provided
with touch screen…If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen, they would be rewarded with seven drops…;
if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with…”，由定位句可知，当猴子触摸屏幕左边时，它们会
得到7滴水或者果汁的奖励；当它们触摸屏幕的另一端（即画着圆圈的部分）时，它们会得到17滴水或果
汁的奖励。由此可知，猴子是通过触摸屏幕得到奖励的；B选项正确。
34.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第四段“The monkeys would go for the higher values
more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each
combination”和第五段中的“When adding two numbers…”，由定位句可知，猴子会在超过一半的时间内选
择更高的值，这意味着它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每一个组合的值。由此可知，A选项正确：猴子
能够进行基本的加法计算。由此亦可以排除C选项。
35.D 推理判断题 通读整篇文章可知，该文介绍的是哈佛医学院的科学家Margaret Livingstone领导的一个
研究团队对猴子进行实验得出的研究结果。这属于“科学研究”范畴，故该文应出现在报纸的“科学”板
块；故D选项正确。
【长难句析】
1.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of
numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward.一组研究人员训练了三只恒河猴，让
它们将26个由数字和特定字母组成的明显不同的符号与0-25滴水或果汁作为奖励联系起来。
【分析】主句中train sb to do sth 结构，associate…with …
2. After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more
than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each
combination. 在进行了数百次测试后，研究人员注意到，猴子在超过一半的时间里会选择更高的值，这表
明它们在进行计算，而不仅仅是记住每个组合的值。
【分析】indicating that…引导伴随状语。
Passage 56（2019北京卷C）
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they
don't know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity
of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers
from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these “solutions"(解决方案)become
widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it's not just going to be the
number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing
is actually real.That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理 ) and automation technologies that
are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference, a company showed a new
voice technology able to produce such a convincing human –sounding voice that it was able to speak to a
receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that
robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal
information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother 's name ，and far more. Armed
with this knowledge. they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means. for
example，that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that
sounds exactly like your bank teller 's，ricking you into "confirming " your address，mother's name，and card
number. Scammers follow money，so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the
phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken
that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work
together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform
way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether
and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to
your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.
38. How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robocalls?
A. Panicked. B. Confused. C. Embarrassed. D. Disappointed.
39. taking advantage of the new technologies，scammer can______.
A. aim at victims precisely B. damage databases easily
C. start campaigns rapidly D. spread information widely
40. What does the passage imply?
A. Honesty is the best policy. B. Technologies can be double-edited.
C. There are more solutions than problems. D. Credibility holds the key to development.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B. Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C. Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D. How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
【体裁】说明文 【题材】科学技术 【主题】语音操作和自动化技术发展的困扰
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。语音操作和
自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。
【答案详解】
38. D 观点态度题 通读全文，根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by
supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting
through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers
will have moved onto clever means.（最后，我们通过支持和开发一组旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程
序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广
泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。）”，由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问
题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”；故D选项正确。
39.A 细节理解题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache
has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation
where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able tocarry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you
from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s,
tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number.（机器人通话之所以令人头痛，
与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以
轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的运动来欺骗人们。）”，
由定位句可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标；故A选项正确。
40.B 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第二段最后一句可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听
起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。
根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发
挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的作用，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑；故B选项正确。
41.C 主旨大意题 通读全文，第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在
未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音
是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍
了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些
问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话
题展开的；故C选项适合作标题。
【词汇积累】
robocalls 自动语音电话 automation n. 自动化
severity n. 严重，严重性；严肃，严厉（的态度）；严厉（的程度）；
severe adj. 十分严重的，极为恶劣的；艰巨的，严峻的；（惩罚、批评）严厉的，重的；苛刻的
Passage 57（2019北京卷 D）
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming
climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because
of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colorful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean
color varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will
fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s
appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while
giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps
to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes
key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon
dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that
projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple
changes to the color of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little
phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make
conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton
in the ocean changing. ” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear
from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of
changes could affect the food chain.
Whatever color changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and
unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the
changes are happening because of climate change,” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the color of the ocean willbe one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”
31.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean color.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
32.What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial.C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
33.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
34.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean color changes.
B. To analyze the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
【体裁】说明文 【题材】环境气候 【主题】气候的变化对海洋的影响
【语篇导读】一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象的原因是因为
一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案，现
在浮游植物受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，让浮游植物的生长更加旺盛，所以海洋相应会变得更蓝、更绿。
【答案详解】
31.B 主旨大意题 通读全文，根据第一段By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans
will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.可知，一项新的研究表
明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。结合第二段 At
the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because
of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean
surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of
phytoplankton.可知，这种现象的核心是一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，在光线的作用下在海洋表面
形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等，这取决于海洋的类型和浮游植物浓度。由此可推
断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因；故选B。
32.A 猜测词义题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到划线词后的“Warming changes key characteristics of
the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to
grow, but also nutrients.”，由定位句可知气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并会影响浮游植物的生长。由
此可判断，浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响，也就是很敏感；故A项正确。
33.D 推理判断题 根据题干信息，将解题线索定位到第四段“The model projects that currently blue areas
with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a
warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.（Dutkiewicz的模
型预测，目前只有少量浮游植物的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。但是在一些水域，比如北极，气候变暖会使
浮游植物的生长条件更加成熟，而这些水域会变得更绿了。）”，由定位句可推断，浮游植物的生长条件
更加成熟，浮游动植物就更多了，这些水域会变得更绿了；故D项正确。
34.C 主旨大意题 通读全文，第一段提出文章的主旨 By the end of the century, if not sooner, the
world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.可知，
一项新的研究表明，到本世纪末，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿，
接下来详细讲述了原因；故C项正确。【词汇积累】
fuel the growth 促进增长：为某事物提供支持和刺激，以促进其增长和发展。
regulate the global climate 调节全球气候
statistically adv. 统计地；统计学上
