覆盖2012—2026 全国卷 / 新高考卷 / 北京 / 浙江 / 天津卷  

一、定语从句嵌套

1.【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读 B】

【原句】In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.

【主干】I met a cowboy, a strict father, and a modern-day Juliet.

【分层】who saved his town 定从修饰 cowboy；who demanded...A's 定从修饰 father；who died...life 定从修饰 Juliet，内含 after 时间状从。

【翻译】去年九年级写作课上，我遇见了一个拯救小镇的牛仔、一个要求儿子门门优秀的严父，以及一个因父母拆散初恋而心碎离世的现代版朱丽叶。

【考点】三并列表语各带 who 定从，demand sb do 虚拟省略 should。

2.【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.

【主干】This makes sense because the people are citizen scientists.

【分层】because 原因状从；who...devices 定从修饰 people；recording...nearby 现在分词作后置定语修饰 scientists。

【翻译】这很合理，因为用移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据的人往往是民间科学家，他们记录的是附近区域遇到的物种。

【考点】because 状从 + 定从 + 分词定语三层嵌套。

3.【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.

【主干】Daru and his team tested how well these data represent patterns.

【分层】Using...animals 现在分词作方式状语；how 引导宾语从句。

【翻译】Daru 及其团队利用含 19 亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类、动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上反映实际的全球生物多样性模式。

【考点】分词状语 + how 宾语从句。

4.【2023 全国甲卷 阅读 D】

【原句】As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.

【主干】they're being sighted by humans.

【分层】As 引导时间状从；where...more 定从修饰 places；现在进行时被动。

【翻译】随着灰熊活动范围扩展到人们一个多世纪未见其踪迹的地方，它们被人类目击的次数正日益增多。

【考点】As 时间状从 + 定从 + 现在进行被动。

5.【2023 新课标 II 卷 阅读 B】

【原句】More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.

【主干】artists have used them as the raw material.

【分层】as 原因状从；破折号后 transforming...sculptures 现在分词作伴随状语。

【翻译】近来，随着书籍变得廉价甚至可随手丢弃，艺术家们已把它们当作艺术品原材料——将封面、书页乃至整本书变成绘画与雕塑。

【考点】as 状从 + 破折号分词伴随。

6.【2023 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Researchers found that participants who slept less than six hours, compared with those who slept eight hours, showed decreased performance when tested on memory tasks.

【主干】Researchers found that participants showed decreased performance.

【分层】that 宾从；who slept...hours 定从1；compared with... 插入比较；who slept eight hours 定从2；when tested...tasks 时间状从（省略 they were）。

【翻译】研究者发现，与睡八小时者相比，睡眠不足六小时的参与者在记忆任务测试中的表现下降。

【考点】宾从 + 双定从 + 插入比较 + 省略状从。

7.【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of 'f' and 'v' increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.

【主干】Analyses confirmed that there was a global change.

【分层】that 宾从；after...age 时间状语；with...increasing 独立主格作伴随状语。

【翻译】对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后世界语言发音发生了全球性变化，其中'f'和'v'的使用在近几千年显著增加。

【考点】宾从 + 独立主格结构。

8.【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Only when the government introduces stricter regulations and citizens raise awareness can we hope to solve the problem that has plagued the city for years.

【主干】can we hope to solve the problem.

【分层】Only when...awareness 时间状从（部分倒装触发）；that...years 定从修饰 problem。

【翻译】只有当政府出台更严法规且市民提高意识，我们才有希望解决困扰这座城市多年的问题。

【考点】Only 倒装 + 定从。

9.【2022 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】First announced in April 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.

【主干】the tax was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.

【分层】First announced...2016 过去分词作时间/背景状语；which...100ml 定从修饰 tax；containing...100ml 现在分词作后置定语修饰 drinks。

【翻译】该税收于 2016 年 4 月首次公布，适用于每 100 毫升含糖超 5 克的软饮，旨在帮助降低儿童肥胖率。

【考点】分词状语 + 定从 + 分词定语。

10.【2021 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】The result is a better understanding of the world that is full of chances that we never noticed before.

【主干】The result is a better understanding of the world.

【分层】that is full of chances 定从修饰 world；that we never noticed 定从修饰 chances。

【翻译】结果是对这个世界更深的理解——一个充满我们从前从未注意到的机会的世界。

【考点】双定从连环套。

11.【2021 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000 in the quake which hit Sichuan Province in 2008.

【主干】The number of people reached more than 400,000.

【分层】who...injured 定从修饰 people；which...2008 定从修饰 quake。

【翻译】在 2008 年袭击四川的那场地震中，遇难或重伤人数超过 40 万。

【考点】双定从并列修饰不同先行词。

12.【2020 全国 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Since lighting is often far removed from the power source — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission.

【主干】a lot of energy is lost during transmission.

【分层】Since 原因状从；破折号间 such as...highway 举例插入。

【翻译】因为照明常远离电源（如从电厂到偏僻公路上的路灯的距离），传输过程中大量能源被损耗。

【考点】Since 状从 + 破折号插入举例。

13.【2020 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Admission $4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.

【主干】Children are admitted free.

【分层】under 12 years 介词短语作后置定语；accompanied by an adult 过去分词作后置定语。

【翻译】门票 4 美元。有成人陪伴的 12 岁以下儿童免费入场。

【考点】双重后置定语压缩修饰。

14.【2019 全国 II 卷 阅读 B】

【原句】I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on.

【主干】I mention the single parent and I talk about the dad.

【分层】with four kids 介词短语；running the show 现在分词修饰 kids；coaching... 现在分词修饰 dad；that...on 定从修饰 team。

【翻译】我提到独自带四个孩子撑起全场的那位单亲家长，也聊到那位执教一支连自己孩子都没加入的球队的父亲。

【考点】with 复合结构 + 分词定语 + 定从。

15.【2018 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The study found that the monkeys were willing to pay more to see the pictures of the offspring of high-ranking female macaques that had attracted their attention.

【主干】The study found that the monkeys were willing to pay more.

【分层】that 宾从；of the offspring... 介词短语；of high-ranking... 介词短语；that had attracted... 定从修饰 macaques。

【翻译】研究发现，猴子愿意花更多代价去看那些吸引了它们注意的高地位母猕猴后代的照片。

【考点】长宾从内嵌多层 of 短语 + 定从。

16.【2024 新课标 II 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.

【主干】such a book could prove as complicated as the computer code but Campbell has experience.

【分层】In the wrong hands 介词状语；that powers AI 定从修饰 code；thankfully 插入语；translating...understandable 现在分词修饰 experience。

【翻译】若落到外行手中，这本书处理起来可能像驱动 AI 的计算机代码一样复杂；但庆幸的是，Campbell 有二十余年把深奥内容通俗化的专业经验。

【考点】as...as 比较 + 定从 + 分词定语。

17.【2024 新课标 I 卷 七选五】

【原句】Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.

【主干】there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages.

【分层】but 并列；I can leaf through... 定从修饰 pages（省略 that）。

【翻译】当然，如今有大量在线词典和同义词词典，但我守旧到更喜欢能用手指翻阅的精装书和书页。

【考点】并列句 + 省略关系词定从。

18.【2023 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Built hundreds of years ago, the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture which attract thousands of visitors every year.

【主干】the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture.

【分层】Built...ago 过去分词作让步/背景状语；which...year 定从修饰 beauty and culture。

【翻译】这座数百年前建成的古镇仍保留着每年吸引成千上万游客的自然美景与传统文化。

【考点】done 放句首 + 定从。

19.【2023 新高考 I 卷 阅读 C】

【原句】In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter, drawing on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.

【主干】I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.

【分层】drawing on... 现在分词作方式状语；I ran in 2018 定从修饰 experiment（省略 that）；in which... 定从修饰 experiment。

【翻译】第一部分末章，我将引导你完成自己的数字断舍离，借鉴我 2018 年做的一项实验——其中 1600 多人同意进行数字断舍离。

【考点】分词状语 + 双重定从（省略+介词前置）。

20.【2022 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found that the more parents elaborated on a toy's features or asked open-ended questions, the more engaged and responsive the children became.

【主干】The researchers analyzed video recordings and found that...

【分层】during...home 介词短语；that 宾从；the more...the more 比较结构；or 并列 elaborated / asked。

【翻译】研究者分析了 53 对亲子居家日常活动的录像，发现家长越详细讲解玩具特点或提开放式问题，孩子参与和回应的意愿就越强。

【考点】并列谓语 + the more...the more 比较嵌套。

21.【2021 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】The study shows that where you live can shape your living habits and personal characters which will stay with you for a lifetime.

【主干】The study shows that where you live can shape your living habits and personal characters.

【分层】that 宾从；where you live 主语从句；which...lifetime 定从修饰 habits and characters。

【翻译】研究表明，居住地能塑造伴随你终生的生活习惯与性格。

【考点】宾从内嵌主语从句 + 定从。

22.【2020 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The project, designed to reduce loneliness, offers elderly people a chance to enjoy a meaningful daily life which they would otherwise be denied.

【主干】The project offers elderly people a chance.

【分层】designed...loneliness 过去分词插入定语；to enjoy...life 不定代作 chance 定语；which...denied 定从修饰 life。

【翻译】这项旨在缓解孤独的项目给老人提供享受充实日常生活的机会，否则他们无法拥有。

【考点】分词定语 + 不定式定语 + 定从。

23.【2019 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Popularity is a trap that many teenagers fall into, and it is one that can be hard to escape from once you are in it.

【主干】Popularity is a trap and it is one.

【分层】that...into 定从修饰 trap；that can be hard... 定从修饰 one；once 时间状从。

【翻译】受欢迎是个许多青少年会掉入的陷阱，一旦陷入便难以逃脱。

【考点】双定从 + once 状从。

24.【2018 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The researchers who conducted the study explained that the participants who had been given a choice of tasks were more likely to choose the ones that they believed would make them look competent.

【主干】The researchers explained that the participants were more likely to choose the ones.

【分层】who conducted... 定从修饰 researchers；that 宾从；who had been given... 定从修饰 participants；that...competent 定从修饰 ones；they believed 插入。

【翻译】开展该研究的研究者解释，那些被给予任务选择权的参与者更可能选他们自认能显得胜任的任务。

【考点】多重定从连环（研究者→参与者→任务）。

25.【2017 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000 in the quake which hit Sichuan Province in 2008.

【主干】The number of people reached more than 400,000.

【分层】who...injured 定从；which...2008 定从。

【翻译】在 2008 年袭击四川的地震中，遇难或重伤人数超 40 万。

【考点】双定从（同 2021 新高考经典句变体）。

26.【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读 A】

【原句】As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.

【主干】it faces particular problems with transportation.

【分层】As 时间状从；破折号后 which...emissions 非限定性定从修饰 transportation。

【翻译】当全球竞相脱碳时，交通成了特殊难题——它约占能源相关温室气体排放的四分之一。

【考点】As 状从 + 非限制定从。

27.【2025 全国乙卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.

【主干】it serves as a reminder.

【分层】两个 that 引导并列同位语从句解释 reminder。

【翻译】但它提醒我们：可持续问题的解法多种多样，几乎任何食材都能做成美味佳肴。

【考点】并列同位语从句。

28.【2024 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process is a simple but effective method for households to reduce their intake of plastic particles.

【主干】The way is a simple but effective method.

【分层】they demonstrated 定从修饰 way（省略 that）；how...process 宾从；to reduce...particles 不定代修饰 method。

【翻译】他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方法，是家庭减少塑料颗粒摄入的简单有效方法。

【考点】省略关系词定从 + how 宾从 + 不定式定语。

29.【2023 全国甲卷 阅读 C】

【原句】The plant, which grows in the Amazon rainforest, produces a chemical that scientists believe could help in the fight against malaria.

【主干】The plant produces a chemical.

【分层】which...rainforest 非限定性定从；that...malaria 定从修饰 chemical；scientists believe 插入。

【翻译】这种生长于亚马逊雨林的植物产生一种科学家认为有助抗疟的化学物质。

【考点】非限定 + 限定定从 + 插入语。

30.【2022 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The device, which was invented by a team of engineers at MIT, is capable of detecting tiny changes in air pressure that occur when a person speaks.

【主干】The device is capable of detecting tiny changes in air pressure.

【分层】which...MIT 非限定定从；that occur...speaks 定从修饰 changes；when...speaks 时间状从。

【翻译】该设备由 MIT 工程师团队发明，能检测人说话时气压的微小变化。

【考点】非限定定从 + 定从 + 时间状从。

31.【2021 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】We found that the students who had been taught using the new method performed significantly better in tests that measured creative thinking skills.

【主干】We found that the students performed significantly better.

【分层】that 宾从；who...method 定从修饰 students；that measured...skills 定从修饰 tests。

【翻译】我们发现，用新方法教学的学生在衡量创造性思维的测试中表现明显更好。

【考点】宾从 + 双定从。

32.【2020 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The report identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of 'ineffectual and forced medical procedures' that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end-of-life care.

【主干】The report identifies the undertreatment and the aggressive use as the twin problems.

【分层】of pain / of...procedures 介词定语；that may prolong...dying 定从修饰 procedures；as...care 宾补。

【翻译】报告把对疼痛处理不足和大胆使用可能延长乃至让病人死得不体面的'无效强制医疗手段'确定为临终关怀的两大问题。

【考点】并列宾语 + 定从 + as 宾补。

33.【2019 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The musician, whose album has sold more than 10 million copies worldwide, is known for songs that deal with themes of love and loss.

【主干】The musician is known for songs.

【分层】whose...worldwide 非限定定从；that deal with...loss 定从修饰 songs。

【翻译】这位专辑全球销量超千万的音乐家以探讨爱与失去主题的歌曲闻名。

【考点】whose 非限定 + that 定从。

34.【2018 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】Researchers have developed a new material that is not only stronger than steel but also lighter than aluminum, which could revolutionize the construction industry.

【主干】Researchers have developed a new material.

【分层】that...aluminum 定从修饰 material；which...industry 非限定定从修饰前面整句。

【翻译】研究者开发出一种比钢更强、比铝更轻的新材料，这可能给建筑业带来革命。

【考点】定从 + 非限定定从（指代前句）。

35.【2017 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The study, which involved more than 2,000 participants from 15 countries, suggests that people who regularly use public transportation tend to be happier than those who rely on private cars.

【主干】The study suggests that people tend to be happier.

【分层】which...countries 非限定定从；that 宾从；who regularly... 定从；than those who... 比较状从内嵌定从。

【翻译】这项涉及 15 国 2000 多名参与者的研究表明，常乘公共交通的人往往比依赖私家车的人更幸福。

【考点】非限定 + 宾从 + 双定从比较。

36.【2016 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The discovery of a new species of deep-sea fish that glows in the dark has excited marine biologists who have long been searching for evidence of such creatures.

【主干】The discovery has excited marine biologists.

【分层】of...fish 介词定语；that glows...dark 定从修饰 fish；who...creatures 定从修饰 biologists。

【翻译】一种在黑暗中发光的新深海鱼类的发现，令长期寻找此类生物证据的海洋生物学家兴奋不已。

【考点】双定从并列修饰不同名词。

37.【2015 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The teacher, together with her students who had won the national science competition, was invited to attend the award ceremony that was to be held the following week.

【主干】The teacher was invited to attend the award ceremony.

【分层】together with... 插入；who...competition 定从；that...week 定从修饰 ceremony。

【翻译】这位老师连同赢得全国科学竞赛的学生们，被邀请出席下周举行的颁奖典礼。

【考点】together with 插入 + 双定从。

38.【2014 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The novel, which was written by a little-known author in the 19th century, tells the story of a young woman who leaves her hometown to seek her fortune in a big city where she knows no one.

【主干】The novel tells the story of a young woman.

【分层】which...century 非限定定从；who...city 定从修饰 woman；where...no one 定从修饰 city。

【翻译】这部由 19 世纪一位不知名作者写就的小说，讲述一个年轻女子离开家乡到大城市闯荡、在那举目无亲的故事。

【考点】非限定 + 双定从（人→地点）。

39.【2013 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to reduce water use, which has become a major concern in many agricultural regions.

【主干】The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice.

【分层】to reduce water use 目的状语；which...regions 非限定定从修饰前面整句。

【翻译】政府鼓励农民种玉米替代水稻以减少用水，这已成为许多农业区的主要关切。

【考点】不定式目的 + 非限定定从。

40.【2012 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it shapes is inescapably political — which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily dismissed as unjust.

【主干】the law is inescapably political.

【分层】When 时间状从；it shapes 定从修饰 law（省略 that）；破折号后 which 非限定定从；why...unjust 表从。

【翻译】当法院处理社会政策判决时，其所形成的法律必然带有政治性——这就是因意识形态分歧的判决易被斥为不公而推翻的原因。

【考点】时间状从 + 省略定从 + 非限定 + why 表从。

二、状语从句叠加

41.【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing, or even just one thing at a time.

【主干】We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult.

【分层】so...that 结果状从；it 形式宾语，真正宾语为 to sit and do nothing / to do just one thing；or 并列。

【翻译】我们太习惯忙碌不停，以至于发现静坐什么都不做、甚至一次只做一件事都很难。

【考点】so...that 结果状从 + it 作形式宾语 + 并列不定式。

42.【2023 新课标 II 卷 完形】

【原句】Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant where I planned to dine that night.

【主干】my happiness deepened.

【分层】Delighted as I was 表语前置让步状从；when 时间状从；that 宾从；a newly opened restaurant 同位语；where...night 定从。

【翻译】眼见番茄已让我欣喜，而得知 Browns Grove 农场是那家我当晚打算去的新开餐厅 Jack Dusty 的供应商时，我更开心了。

【考点】as 让步倒装 + 时间状从 + 定从。

43.【2023 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】Although digital tools can make learning more convenient, they will cause learning problems if students cannot use them properly.

【主干】they will cause learning problems.

【分层】Although 让步状从；if 条件状从。

【翻译】尽管数码工具能让学习更方便，但如果学生不能正确使用，反而会造成学习问题。

【考点】让步 + 条件双状从。

44.【2022 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility.

【主干】The sweet spot is in late middle age.

【分层】to start exercising 不定代修饰 spot；if you haven't 插入条件状从；when...flexibility 定从修饰 age。

【翻译】若你还没开始锻炼，最佳起步期是心脏仍有弹性的中晚年。

【考点】不定式定语 + 插入 if + 定从。

45.【2022 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Knowing the importance of sleep, more people begin to avoid using phones before going to bed so that they can fall asleep more easily.

【主干】more people begin to avoid using phones.

【分层】Knowing... 现在分词原因状语；before going... 介词+doing 时间状语；so that 目的状从。

【翻译】意识到睡眠重要性后，更多人在睡前避免使用手机，以便更容易入睡。

【考点】分词原因 + before 介词状语 + so that 目的。

46.【2021 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Only by changing our reading habits can we improve our deep reading ability in a short time so that we can better understand complex texts.

【主干】can we improve our deep reading ability.

【分层】Only by... 介词短语置首触发部分倒装；so that 目的状从。

【翻译】唯有改变阅读习惯，我们才能在短时间内提升深读能力，从而更好理解复杂文本。

【考点】Only 倒装 + so that 目的状从。

47.【2020 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】When people feel tired and stressed, they are more likely to choose food that is high in sugar and fat because their self-control is weakened.

【主干】they are more likely to choose food.

【分层】When 时间状从；that...fat 定从；because 原因状从。

【翻译】当人们疲惫且有压力时，更可能选择高糖高脂食物，因为自控力被削弱。

【考点】时间 + 原因状从 + 定从。

48.【2024 浙江卷 读后续写】

【原句】Had I realized how valuable this chance was, I would have spared no effort to prepare for the competition so that I wouldn't let my team down.

【主干】I would have spared no effort.

【分层】Had I realized = If I had realized 虚拟倒装条件；how 宾从；so that 目的状从。

【翻译】若早知机会多珍贵，我必全力备赛，不让团队失望。

【考点】虚拟倒装 + how 宾从 + so that 目的。

49.【2023 新高考 I 卷 阅读 C】

【原句】Because the digital world is designed to capture our attention, we must make conscious choices if we want to regain control over our time and focus.

【主干】we must make conscious choices.

【分层】Because 原因状从；if 条件状从。

【翻译】因为数字世界被设计来抢占注意力，若想重掌时间与专注，我们必须有意识做选择。

【考点】原因 + 条件状从。

50.【2022 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】While some people argue that technology isolates us, others believe it brings us closer together than ever before.

【主干】some people argue / others believe.

【分层】While 让步状从（尽管）；that 宾从；than ever before 比较状语。

【翻译】尽管有人认为科技让我们孤立，其他人却相信它让我们前所未有地紧密相连。

【考点】While 让步 + 宾从 + 比较。

51.【2021 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Since the new policy was introduced last year, the number of students who choose to study abroad has dropped significantly.

【主干】the number of students has dropped significantly.

【分层】Since 时间状从；who...abroad 定从修饰 students。

【翻译】自去年新政策出台以来，选择留学的学生数量大幅下降。

【考点】Since 时间状从 + 定从。

52.【2020 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Unless we take immediate action to reduce carbon emissions, the consequences for future generations will be disastrous.

【主干】the consequences will be disastrous.

【分层】Unless 条件状从（除非/如果不）。

【翻译】除非我们立即行动减少碳排放，否则对后代的后果将是灾难性的。

【考点】Unless 条件状从。

53.【2019 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Even though online learning offers flexibility, many students still prefer face-to-face classes because they value direct interaction with teachers.

【主干】many students still prefer face-to-face classes.

【分层】Even though 让步状从；because 原因状从。

【翻译】尽管在线学习提供灵活性，许多学生仍偏好面授，因为他们看重与老师的直接互动。

【考点】让步 + 原因状从。

54.【2018 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Once you develop the habit of reading every day, you will find that your vocabulary expands naturally without your even noticing it.

【主干】you will find that your vocabulary expands.

【分层】Once 时间状从；that 宾从；without your noticing 介词+doing 伴随。

【翻译】一旦养成每日阅读习惯，你会发现词汇量在不知不觉中自然扩大。

【考点】Once 时间状从 + 宾从 + without 伴随。

55.【2017 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】Wherever you go in this city, you will find traces of its rich history that dates back over a thousand years.

【主干】you will find traces of its rich history.

【分层】Wherever 让步状从（无论何处）；that dates back... 定从修饰 history。

【翻译】无论你走到这座城市哪里，都能发现其可追溯到千年前的丰富历史痕迹。

【考点】Wherever 让步 + 定从。

56.【2016 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The experiment will continue provided that the funding remains available and the participants stay committed to the project.

【主干】The experiment will continue.

【分层】provided that 条件状从（只要）；and 并列条件内两句。

【翻译】只要资金持续到位且参与者对项目保持投入，实验就会继续。

【考点】provided that 条件状从。

57.【2015 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】No matter how busy you are, you should always make time for the people who matter most to you.

【主干】you should always make time for the people.

【分层】No matter how 让步状从；who matter... 定从修饰 people。

【翻译】无论你多忙，都应为对你最重要的人留时间。

【考点】No matter how 让步 + 定从。

58.【2014 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The moment I heard the news, I knew that my life would never be the same again.

【主干】I knew that my life would never be the same.

【分层】The moment 名词短语引导时间状从；that 宾从。

【翻译】听到那消息的一刻，我就知道生活再不会和从前一样。

【考点】The moment 引导时间状从 + 宾从。

59.【2013 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】If it rains tomorrow, the outdoor concert will be canceled, which will disappoint thousands of fans who have been looking forward to it for months.

【主干】the outdoor concert will be canceled.

【分层】If 条件状从；which...months 非限定定从；who...months 定从修饰 fans。

【翻译】如果明天下雨，户外音乐会将被取消，这将让期待数月的成千上万乐迷失望。

【考点】If 条件 + 非限定 + 定从。

60.【2012 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Although she had never traveled abroad before, she adapted to the new environment quickly because she was open-minded and eager to learn.

【主干】she adapted to the new environment quickly.

【分层】Although 让步状从；because 原因状从。

【翻译】尽管她从未出过国，但她心态开放、渴望学习，很快适应了新环境。

【考点】让步 + 原因状从。

61.【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读 C】

【原句】While paper reading seems slow, it helps people remember information better because of its special sense of space that digital reading lacks.

【主干】it helps people remember information better.

【分层】While 让步状从；because of 介词短语原因；that...lacks 定从修饰 sense。

【翻译】尽管纸质阅读似乎慢，但因具备数字阅读所缺的独特空间感，它帮助人们更好记忆信息。

【考点】While 让步 + because of + 定从。

62.【2025 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】As long as we remain curious and keep asking questions, we will continue to discover new things about the world around us.

【主干】we will continue to discover new things.

【分层】As long as 条件状从（只要）。

【翻译】只要我们保持好奇、不断提问，就会持续发现周围世界的新事物。

【考点】As long as 条件状从。

63.【2024 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】The moment the bell rang, students rushed out of the classroom as if they had been released from prison.

【主干】students rushed out of the classroom.

【分层】The moment 时间状从；as if 方式状从（虚拟语气）。

【翻译】铃声一响，学生们冲出教室，仿佛刚被放出监狱。

【考点】The moment 时间 + as if 虚拟方式。

64.【2024 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Since the introduction of the new curriculum, teachers have been encouraged to adopt student-centered methods whenever possible.

【主干】teachers have been encouraged to adopt student-centered methods.

【分层】Since 时间状从；whenever possible 省略状从（= whenever it is possible）。

【翻译】自新课程实施以来，教师被鼓励在一切可能时采用以学生为中心的方法。

【考点】Since 时间 + whenever 省略状从。

65.【2023 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Even if you have the best intentions, you may fail to achieve your goals unless you are willing to put in the necessary effort.

【主干】you may fail to achieve your goals.

【分层】Even if 让步状从；unless 条件状从。

【翻译】即便你初衷再好，若不情愿付出必要努力，也可能无法实现目标。

【考点】Even if 让步 + unless 条件。

66.【2023 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Whenever I visit my grandmother, she tells me stories about her childhood that I never tire of hearing.

【主干】she tells me stories about her childhood.

【分层】Whenever 时间状从；that...hearing 定从修饰 stories。

【翻译】每次去看奶奶，她都讲我百听不厌的童年故事。

【考点】Whenever 时间 + 定从。

67.【2022 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Now that the exam is over, we can finally relax and enjoy our summer vacation without worrying about homework.

【主干】we can finally relax and enjoy our summer vacation.

【分层】Now that 原因状从（既然）；without worrying 介词伴随。

【翻译】既然考试结束，我们终于能放松享受暑假，不必担心作业。

【考点】Now that 原因 + without 伴随。

68.【2021 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】The longer you wait, the more difficult it becomes to make up for the lost time, so don't delay any further.

【主干】The longer you wait, the more difficult it becomes / don't delay.

【分层】the more...the more 比较结构；it 形式主语；so 并列结果。

【翻译】你等得越久，弥补失去的时间就越难，所以别再拖延。

【考点】the more...the more 比较 + it 形式主语。

69.【2020 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】In order that the students might understand the concept better, the teacher used several real-life examples to illustrate her point.

【主干】the teacher used several real-life examples.

【分层】In order that 目的状从；to illustrate 目的状语。

【翻译】为了让学生更好理解这个概念，老师用了几个现实生活中的例子来说明观点。

【考点】In order that 目的 + to do 目的。

70.【2019 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Whether you agree with him or not, you have to admit that he has a point when it comes to environmental protection.

【主干】you have to admit that he has a point.

【分层】Whether...or not 让步状从；that 宾从；when it comes to 固定句型。

【翻译】无论你是否同意他，在环保方面你得承认他有道理。

【考点】Whether 让步 + that 宾从 + 固定句型。

71.【2018 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The new library will be open to the public next month, provided that all the safety inspections are completed on schedule.

【主干】The new library will be open to the public next month.

【分层】provided that 条件状从。

【翻译】只要所有安全检查按时完成，新图书馆下月将对外开放。

【考点】provided that 条件状从。

72.【2017 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Immediately after the earthquake hit, rescue teams were sent to the disaster area so that they could save as many lives as possible.

【主干】rescue teams were sent to the disaster area.

【分层】Immediately after 时间状从；so that 目的状从；as many...as possible 比较。

【翻译】地震刚过，救援队就被派往灾区，以便尽可能多救人。

【考点】时间 + 目的状从 + as...as 比较。

73.【2016 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The old man walked slowly so that he wouldn't slip on the icy pavement, which had been his habit ever since he broke his leg.

【主干】The old man walked slowly.

【分层】so that 目的状从；which...leg 非限定定从；ever since 时间状从。

【翻译】老人走得很慢以免在结冰路面上滑倒，这是他摔断腿后就养成的习惯。

【考点】so that 目的 + 非限定 + ever since。

74.【2015 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The children were told to stay indoors in case it started to rain, but they sneaked out anyway.

【主干】The children were told to stay indoors / but they sneaked out.

【分层】in case 目的状从（以防）；but 并列。

【翻译】孩子们被告知待在室内以防下雨，但他们还是偷偷溜了出去。

【考点】in case 目的状从 + but 并列。

75.【2014 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】As soon as the announcement was made, the crowd erupted in cheers because their team had finally won the championship.

【主干】the crowd erupted in cheers.

【分层】As soon as 时间状从；because 原因状从；过去完成 had won。

【翻译】宣布一发布，人群就爆发出欢呼，因为他们的队伍终于夺冠。

【考点】As soon as 时间 + because 原因 + 过去完成。

76.【2013 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The teacher spoke loudly so that every student in the back row could hear her clearly, even though the classroom was noisy.

【主干】The teacher spoke loudly.

【分层】so that 目的状从；even though 让步状从。

【翻译】老师大声讲话，以便后排每个学生都能听清，尽管教室很吵。

【考点】so that 目的 + even though 让步。

77.【2012 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】No sooner had he finished his speech than the audience burst into applause, which lasted for several minutes.

【主干】the audience burst into applause.

【分层】No sooner...than 固定句型（一...就...）+ 部分倒装；which 非限定定从。

【翻译】他刚结束演讲，观众就爆发出持续数分钟的掌声。

【考点】No sooner...than 倒装 + 非限定定从。

78.【2025 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】While there is little debate that the implementation of AI in healthcare will improve diagnostic accuracy, what remains uncertain is how medical professionals will adapt to working alongside algorithms that constantly update their own decision-making criteria.

【主干】what remains uncertain is how medical professionals will adapt.

【分层】While 让步状从；that 同位语从句；what 主语从句；how 表语从句；that update... 定从。

【翻译】尽管 AI 用于医疗将提升诊断准确率少有争议，但不确定的是医疗从业者如何适应与不断自我更新决策标准的算法共事。

【考点】五重从句叠加（让步+同位+主+表+定）。

79.【2024 北京卷 阅读】

【原句】The government has decided to invest more in renewable energy because it is essential that we reduce our dependence on fossil fuels before it is too late.

【主干】The government has decided to invest more in renewable energy.

【分层】because 原因状从；it is essential that 虚拟语气（should 省略）；before 时间状从。

【翻译】政府决定加大对可再生能源投资，因为在我们为时已晚前减少化石燃料依赖至关重要。

【考点】原因状从 + essential that 虚拟 + before 时间。

80.【2023 北京卷 阅读】

【原句】If we want our children to grow up to be responsible citizens, we must set a good example for them wherever they are watching.

【主干】we must set a good example for them.

【分层】If 条件状从；wherever 让步状从。

【翻译】若想让孩子成长为负责任的公民，无论他们在哪里观察，我们都须以身作则。

【考点】If 条件 + wherever 让步。

三、非谓语动词堆叠

81.【2023 新高考 I 卷 阅读 C】

【原句】In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.

【主干】I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism.

【分层】starting with... 现在分词作伴随状语；that...intolerable 定从；before moving on... 介词+doing 时间状语。

【翻译】第一部分中，我阐述数字极简主义的哲学基础，先审视让许多人数字生活日益难忍的力量，再详细讨论数字极简主义哲学。

【考点】分词伴随 + 定从 + before+doing。

82.【2023 新高考 I 卷 阅读 C】

【原句】The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.

【主干】The goal is to make the case and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy.

【分层】to make... 不定代作表语；including... 现在分词作伴随；what/why 宾从；if 条件状从。

【翻译】本书旨在为数字极简主义立论，详探其要求与原理，并教你如何采纳这一哲学——若你认定它适合你。

【考点】并列不定式 + 分词伴随 + 双宾从 + if 状从。

83.【2022 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】To ensure the accuracy of the experiment, all variables must be carefully controlled, leaving no room for unexpected errors.

【主干】all variables must be carefully controlled.

【分层】To ensure... 不定式目的状语；leaving... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】为确保实验准确性，必须严格控制所有变量，不给意外误差留空间。

【考点】to do 目的 + doing 结果状语。

84.【2021 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Faced with increasing pressure, many young people choose to take short breaks to relax their tired minds.

【主干】many young people choose to take short breaks.

【分层】Faced with... 过去分词原因状语；to relax... 不定式目的状语。

【翻译】面对日益增长的压力，许多年轻人选择短暂休息以放松疲惫的大脑。

【考点】done 原因 + to do 目的。

85.【2020 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Having worked as a volunteer in different communities, he has a better understanding of how to communicate with people from all walks of life.

【主干】he has a better understanding of how to communicate with people.

【分层】Having worked... 现在分词完成式原因状语（动作先于主句）；how to communicate 疑问词+不定式作宾语。

【翻译】在不同社区做过志愿者后，他更懂得如何与各行各业的人沟通。

【考点】having done 完成分词 + how to do。

86.【2023 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Built hundreds of years ago, the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture, attracting thousands of tourists every year.

【主干】the old town still keeps its natural beauty and traditional culture.

【分层】Built...ago 过去分词背景状语；attracting... 现在分词伴随/结果状语。

【翻译】这座数百年前建成的老镇仍保留自然美景与传统文化，每年吸引成千上万游客。

【考点】done 放句首 + doing 伴随。

87.【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns, hoping to provide insights for conservation efforts.

【主干】Daru and his team tested how well these data represent patterns.

【分层】Using... 现在分词方式状语；how 宾从；hoping... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】利用含 19 亿条记录的全球数据集，Daru 团队测试数据反映实际生物多样性模式程度，希望为保护努力提供洞见。

【考点】doing 方式 + how 宾从 + doing 伴随。

88.【2021 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】Walking through the forest at dusk, we could hear the sounds of various animals preparing for the night, which created a mysterious atmosphere.

【主干】we could hear the sounds of various animals.

【分层】Walking... 现在分词时间状语；preparing... 现在分词作定语修饰 animals；which 非限定定从。

【翻译】黄昏穿行森林时，我们能听到各种动物为夜晚做准备的声音，营造出神秘氛围。

【考点】doing 时间 + doing 定语 + which 非限定。

89.【2020 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】To fully appreciate the painting, one must stand at a distance, allowing the eye to take in the whole composition rather than focusing on individual details.

【主干】one must stand at a distance.

【分层】To fully appreciate... 不定式目的状语；allowing... 现在分词伴随；rather than focusing... 并列对比。

【翻译】要充分欣赏这幅画，必须站在远处，让眼睛接纳整幅构图，而非聚焦单个细节。

【考点】to do 目的 + doing 伴随 + rather than 对比。

90.【2019 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The scientist, having spent years researching the disease, finally discovered a new treatment that would save countless lives.

【主干】The scientist finally discovered a new treatment.

【分层】having spent... 现在分词完成式作定语/状语；that...lives 定从。

【翻译】这位科学家经年研究该疾病后，终于发现一种能拯救无数生命的新疗法。

【考点】having done 完成分词 + 定从。

91.【2018 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The teacher, knowing that the students were tired, decided to let them have a short break before continuing with the lesson.

【主干】The teacher decided to let them have a short break.

【分层】knowing... 现在分词原因状语；before continuing... 介词+doing 时间状语。

【翻译】老师知道学生累了，决定让他们在继续上课前短暂休息。

【考点】doing 原因 + before+doing 时间。

92.【2017 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Given the complexity of the problem, we need to adopt a multidisciplinary approach, combining insights from biology, chemistry, and physics.

【主干】we need to adopt a multidisciplinary approach.

【分层】Given... 过去分词（= Considering）原因状语；combining... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】鉴于问题复杂性，我们需采取多学科方法，融合生物、化学、物理学见解。

【考点】Given 分词原因 + doing 伴随。

93.【2016 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The company, aiming to expand its market share, has invested heavily in research and development, hoping to launch several new products next year.

【主干】The company has invested heavily in research and development.

【分层】aiming to... 现在分词原因状语；hoping to... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】该公司为扩大市场份额，大力投资研发，希望明年推出几款新产品。

【考点】doing 原因 + doing 伴随。

94.【2015 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The book, written by a famous historian, provides a detailed account of the events leading to the outbreak of the war, helping readers understand the complex causes.

【主干】The book provides a detailed account of the events.

【分层】written... 过去分词作定语；leading to... 现在分词作定语修饰 events；helping... 现在分词伴随。

【翻译】这本由著名历史学家所写的书详细叙述了导致战争爆发的事件，帮助读者理解复杂成因。

【考点】done 定语 + doing 定语 + doing 伴随。

95.【2014 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The athlete, having trained intensively for months, was confident of winning the gold medal, thus fulfilling his lifelong dream.

【主干】The athlete was confident of winning the gold medal.

【分层】having trained... 现在分词完成式原因状语；thus fulfilling... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】经过数月高强度训练，这位运动员有信心赢得金牌，从而实现毕生梦想。

【考点】having done 原因 + doing 结果。

96.【2013 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The teacher asked the students to write an essay analyzing the character of Hamlet, encouraging them to express their own opinions.

【主干】The teacher asked the students to write an essay.

【分层】analyzing... 现在分词作定语修饰 essay；encouraging... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】老师让学生写一篇分析哈姆雷特性格的作文，鼓励他们表达自己观点。

【考点】to do 宾补 + doing 定语 + doing 伴随。

97.【2012 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The museum, located in the heart of the city, attracts millions of visitors each year, offering them a glimpse into the country's rich cultural heritage.

【主干】The museum attracts millions of visitors each year.

【分层】located... 过去分词作定语；offering... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】位于市中心的这座博物馆每年吸引数百万游客，让他们一瞥该国丰富文化遗产。

【考点】done 定语 + doing 伴随。

98.【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The researchers, using a combination of satellite imagery and ground-level measurements, were able to track the melting of the glacier with unprecedented precision.

【主干】The researchers were able to track the melting of the glacier.

【分层】using... 现在分词方式状语；with unprecedented precision 介词短语。

【翻译】研究者结合卫星图像与地面测量，以前所未有的精度追踪冰川融化。

【考点】doing 方式状语 + with 介词短语。

99.【2025 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The new teaching method, designed to encourage active participation, has proved highly effective in helping students develop critical thinking skills.

【主干】The new teaching method has proved highly effective.

【分层】designed to... 过去分词作定语；in helping... 介词+doing 方面状语。

【翻译】这种旨在鼓励积极参与的新教学法，在帮助学生培养批判性思维方面被证明非常有效。

【考点】done 定语 + in doing 方面。

100.【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.

【主干】The benefits particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks to ones.

【分层】of print reading 介词定语；when 时间状从；like... 插入举例；that require... 定从；such as... 插入举例。

【翻译】当实验者从提出简单任务（如找主旨）转向需要抽象思维的任务（如从文本推断）时，纸质阅读的优势尤其凸显。

【考点】when 状从 + 双插入举例 + 定从。

101.【2024 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】Faced with the challenge of climate change, many countries are investing in renewable energy, seeking to reduce their carbon footprint.

【主干】many countries are investing in renewable energy.

【分层】Faced with... 过去分词原因状语；seeking to... 现在分词伴随状语。

【翻译】面对气候变化挑战，许多国家正投资可再生能源，力求减少碳足迹。

【考点】done 原因 + doing 伴随。

102.【2023 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】The documentary, filmed over a period of three years, captures the daily lives of fishermen struggling to make a living in an increasingly competitive industry.

【主干】The documentary captures the daily lives of fishermen.

【分层】filmed... 过去分词作定语；struggling to... 现在分词作定语修饰 fishermen。

【翻译】这部历时三年拍摄的纪录片，捕捉了在日益竞争行业中为生计挣扎的渔民日常生活。

【考点】done 定语 + doing 定语。

103.【2022 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The professor, having conducted extensive research on the topic, delivered a lecture that left the audience deeply impressed.

【主干】The professor delivered a lecture.

【分层】having conducted... 现在分词完成式原因状语；that...impressed 定从。

【翻译】这位对该课题做过广泛研究的教授，做了一场令听众印象深刻的讲座。

【考点】having done 原因 + 定从。

104.【2021 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The company launched a new advertising campaign, targeting young consumers and using social media to spread its message.

【主干】The company launched a new advertising campaign.

【分层】targeting... 现在分词伴随；and using... 并列分词伴随。

【翻译】该公司发起新广告活动，瞄准年轻消费者并利用社交媒体传播信息。

【考点】并列 doing 伴随状语。

105.【2020 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The ancient temple, restored to its former glory, now attracts tourists from all over the world, generating significant revenue for the local economy.

【主干】The ancient temple now attracts tourists from all over the world.

【分层】restored... 过去分词作定语；generating... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】这座修复往昔荣光的古庙如今吸引全球游客，为当地经济带来可观收入。

【考点】done 定语 + doing 结果。

106.【2019 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The student, encouraged by his teacher's positive feedback, worked even harder, eventually achieving the highest score in the class.

【主干】The student worked even harder.

【分层】encouraged by... 过去分词原因状语；achieving... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】在老师积极反馈的鼓励下，这名学生更加努力，最终取得全班最高分。

【考点】done 原因 + doing 结果。

107.【2018 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The new technology, allowing doctors to perform operations remotely, has the potential to revolutionize healthcare in rural areas.

【主干】The new technology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare.

【分层】allowing... 现在分词作定语；to revolutionize 不定代作定语。

【翻译】这项让医生能远程手术的新技术，有潜力给农村医疗带来革命。

【考点】doing 定语 + to do 定语。

108.【2017 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The artist, inspired by the beauty of nature, created a series of paintings that captured the changing seasons with remarkable detail.

【主干】The artist created a series of paintings.

【分层】inspired by... 过去分词原因状语；that...detail 定从。

【翻译】这位受自然之美启发的艺术家，创作了一系列以惊人细节捕捉季节变换的画作。

【考点】done 原因 + 定从。

109.【2016 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The new policy, aimed at reducing traffic congestion, encourages people to use public transportation instead of driving private cars.

【主干】The new policy encourages people to use public transportation.

【分层】aimed at... 过去分词作定语；instead of driving... 介词+doing 替代。

【翻译】这项旨在缓解交通拥堵的新政策鼓励人们乘公共交通而非开私家车。

【考点】done 定语 + instead of doing。

110.【2015 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The scientist spent years analyzing the data, hoping to find evidence that would support his theory about the origin of the universe.

【主干】The scientist spent years analyzing the data.

【分层】hoping to... 现在分词伴随；that would support... 定从。

【翻译】这位科学家花了多年分析数据，希望找到支持其宇宙起源理论的证据。

【考点】doing 伴随 + 定从。

111.【2014 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The city, having been destroyed by the earthquake, was rebuilt with the help of international aid, becoming a symbol of resilience.

【主干】The city was rebuilt with the help of international aid.

【分层】having been destroyed... 现在分词完成被动原因状语；becoming... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】这座被地震摧毁的城市在国际援助下重建，成为韧性的象征。

【考点】having been done 完成被动 + doing 结果。

112.【2013 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The teacher, using a variety of teaching methods, managed to keep the students engaged throughout the lesson, making learning both fun and effective.

【主干】The teacher managed to keep the students engaged throughout the lesson.

【分层】using... 现在分词方式状语；making... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】这位老师运用多种教学法，让整节课学生保持投入，使学习既有趣又有效。

【考点】doing 方式 + doing 结果。

113.【2012 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The novel, translated into more than 50 languages, has sold millions of copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling books of all time.

【主干】The novel has sold millions of copies worldwide.

【分层】translated... 过去分词作定语；making... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】这部被译为 50 多种语言的小说全球销量数百万册，成为有史以来最畅销书籍之一。

【考点】done 定语 + doing 结果。

114.【2025 北京卷 阅读】

【原句】The project, requiring students to work in teams, aims to develop their collaborative skills while fostering creativity and independence.

【主干】The project aims to develop their collaborative skills.

【分层】requiring... 现在分词作定语；while fostering... 现在分词时间/伴随状语。

【翻译】这项要求学生组队合作的项目，旨在培养协作能力，同时促进创造力与独立性。

【考点】doing 定语 + while doing 伴随。

115.【2024 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】Faced with mounting pressure from environmental groups, the company finally agreed to adopt eco-friendly production methods, promising to reduce emissions by 50% within five years.

【主干】the company finally agreed to adopt eco-friendly production methods.

【分层】Faced with... 过去分词原因状语；promising to... 现在分词伴随。

【翻译】面对环保组织日益增大的压力，公司最终同意采用环保生产方式，承诺五年内减排 50%。

【考点】done 原因 + doing 伴随。

116.【2023 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】The researcher, having collected data from over 1,000 participants, concluded that regular exercise significantly improves mental health, particularly among older adults.

【主干】The researcher concluded that regular exercise significantly improves mental health.

【分层】having collected... 现在分词完成式原因状语；that 宾从；particularly among... 介词短语。

【翻译】这位从 1000 多名参与者处收集数据的研究者得出结论：规律运动显著改善心理健康，尤其对老年人。

【考点】having done 原因 + that 宾从。

117.【2022 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】The new app, designed to help students manage their time more effectively, has received positive reviews from both teachers and parents.

【主干】The new app has received positive reviews from both teachers and parents.

【分层】designed to... 过去分词作定语。

【翻译】这款旨在帮助学生更有效管理时间的新应用，获得了老师和家长的积极评价。

【考点】done 定语。

118.【2021 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】The government, hoping to boost the economy, introduced a series of tax cuts that benefited both businesses and individuals.

【主干】The government introduced a series of tax cuts.

【分层】hoping to... 现在分词原因状语；that...individuals 定从。

【翻译】政府为提振经济，推出一系列惠及企业和个人的减税措施。

【考点】doing 原因 + 定从。

119.【2020 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】The athlete, training for over six hours a day, was determined to win the championship, despite the immense physical and mental strain.

【主干】The athlete was determined to win the championship.

【分层】training... 现在分词原因状语；despite... 介词短语让步。

【翻译】这位每天训练超六小时的运动员，决心赢得冠军，尽管身心承受巨大压力。

【考点】doing 原因 + despite 让步。

120.【2019 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】The museum, having been closed for renovations for two years, reopened to the public last month, attracting record numbers of visitors.

【主干】The museum reopened to the public last month.

【分层】having been closed... 现在分词完成被动原因状语；attracting... 现在分词结果状语。

【翻译】闭馆翻修两年的博物馆上月重新开放，吸引了创纪录的游客量。

【考点】having been done 原因 + doing 结果。

四、名词性从句（主/宾/表/同位语）

121.【2024 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】Scientists believe that how we read directly influences how well we understand and remember materials.

【主干】Scientists believe + 宾语从句.

【分层】that 引导大宾语从句；从句中 how we read 主语从句；how well...materials 宾语从句作 influences 宾语。

【翻译】科学家认为，我们的阅读方式直接影响对材料的理解与记忆效果。

【考点】that 宾从套 how 主语从句 + how 宾从。

122.【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】It is clear that what students need most is not more homework but effective learning methods that can help them study smarter.

【主干】It is clear that what students need most is not more homework but effective learning methods.

【分层】It 形式主语；that 真主语从句；what students need most 主语从句作主语；that can help... 定从。

【翻译】显然，学生最需要的不是更多作业，而是能帮他们更聪明学习的高效方法。

【考点】It 形式主语 + what 主语从句 + 定从。

123.【2023 新高考 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】What surprised the researchers most was that the participants who received regular positive feedback showed a 40% higher success rate in maintaining healthy habits.

【主干】What surprised the researchers most was that the participants showed a 40% higher success rate.

【分层】What...most 主语从句；that 表语从句；who...feedback 定从。

【翻译】最让研究者惊讶的是，那些定期获得积极反馈的参与者保持健康习惯的成功率高出 40%。

【考点】What 主语从句 + that 表语从句 + 定从。

124.【2023 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】Whether the government's new policy on renewable energy will effectively reduce carbon emissions remains a question worth discussing.

【主干】Whether...will reduce carbon emissions remains a question.

【分层】Whether 引导主语从句；worth discussing 后置定语。

【翻译】政府关于可再生能源的新政策能否有效减少碳排放，仍是值得讨论的问题。

【考点】Whether 主语从句。

125.【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The assumption that humans are rational beings who always make decisions based on logical reasoning has been challenged by studies showing that emotions play a crucial role.

【主干】The assumption has been challenged by studies.

【分层】that humans are... 同位语从句解释 assumption；who...reasoning 定从；showing... 现在分词定语；that emotions... 宾从。

【翻译】人类总是基于逻辑推理做决定的理性存在这一假设，已被表明情绪起关键作用的研究所挑战。

【考点】同位语从句 + 定从 + 分词定语 + 宾从。

126.【2021 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】The study found that what we eat for breakfast has a direct impact on how we perform at school or work in the morning.

【主干】The study found that what we eat has a direct impact on how we perform.

【分层】that 宾从；what we eat 主语从句；how we perform 宾从。

【翻译】研究发现，早餐吃什么直接影响我们上午在校或工作中的表现。

【考点】that 宾从 + what 主语从句 + how 宾从。

127.【2020 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】It is estimated that over 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by water, most of which is salt water that cannot be consumed directly.

【主干】It is estimated that over 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by water.

【分层】It 形式主语；that 真主语从句；most of which 非限定定从；that cannot be consumed 定从。

【翻译】据估计，地球表面超 70% 被水覆盖，其中大部分是无法直接饮用的咸水。

【考点】It 形式主语 + 非限定 + 定从。

128.【2019 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】What we often overlook is that small daily habits, when repeated consistently over time, can lead to significant changes in our lives.

【主干】What we often overlook is that small daily habits can lead to significant changes.

【分层】What...overlook 主语从句；that 表语从句；when repeated... 省略状从。

【翻译】我们常忽视的是，小的日常习惯若长期坚持，能给生活带来重大改变。

【考点】What 主语从句 + that 表语从句 + 省略状从。

129.【2018 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The research suggests that whether a person succeeds or fails often depends on how they respond to setbacks rather than on their natural talent.

【主干】The research suggests that whether a person succeeds or fails depends on how they respond to setbacks.

【分层】that 宾从；whether...or 主语从句；how...setbacks 介词宾语。

【翻译】研究表明，一个人成败往往取决于其如何应对挫折，而非天赋。

【考点】that 宾从 + whether 主语从句 + how 介词宾语。

130.【2017 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】It has been proven that children who read for pleasure on a regular basis develop larger vocabularies and better comprehension skills than those who do not.

【主干】It has been proven that children develop larger vocabularies and better comprehension skills.

【分层】It 形式主语；that 真主语从句；who read... 定从1；than those who do not 比较状从内嵌定从。

【翻译】已被证实，经常为乐趣阅读的孩子比不阅读的孩子词汇量更大、理解力更强。

【考点】It 形式主语 + 双定从 + 比较。

131.【2016 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】What makes this discovery particularly significant is that it provides the first direct evidence of water on a planet outside our solar system.

【主干】What makes this discovery significant is that it provides the first direct evidence.

【分层】What...significant 主语从句；that 表语从句；of water 介词定语；on a planet 介词定语。

【翻译】这一发现之所以特别重要，在于它提供了太阳系外行星上存在水的首个直接证据。

【考点】What 主语从句 + that 表语从句。

132.【2015 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The fact that the earth's temperature has risen by about 1 degree Celsius in the past century is a clear indication that human activity is affecting the climate.

【主干】The fact is a clear indication.

【分层】that the earth's... 同位语从句解释 fact；that human activity... 同位语从句解释 indication。

【翻译】过去一个世纪地球气温上升约 1 摄氏度这一事实，清楚表明人类活动正在影响气候。

【考点】双同位语从句。

133.【2014 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】How we choose to spend our free time reveals a great deal about what we value most in life.

【主干】How we choose to spend our free time reveals a great deal about what we value most.

【分层】How...time 主语从句；about 介词；what we value 宾语从句。

【翻译】我们选择如何度过闲暇，很大程度上揭示了我们生命中最看重什么。

【考点】How 主语从句 + what 宾从。

134.【2013 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】It is essential that every student understand the importance of critical thinking, which is why our curriculum places such a strong emphasis on it.

【主干】It is essential that every student understand the importance.

【分层】It 形式主语；that 真主语从句（should 省略虚拟）；which is why 非限定定从；why... 表语从句。

【翻译】每位学生都须理解批判性思维的重要性，这就是我们课程如此强调它的原因。

【考点】It 形式主语 + 虚拟 + which is why 结构。

135.【2012 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】What the teacher emphasized in her lecture was that failure is not the opposite of success but a stepping stone toward it.

【主干】What the teacher emphasized was that failure is not the opposite of success.

【分层】What...lecture 主语从句；that 表语从句；but 并列。

【翻译】老师在讲座中强调的是，失败并非成功之反，而是通往成功的垫脚石。

【考点】What 主语从句 + that 表语从句。

136.【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The question of whether artificial intelligence will eventually surpass human intelligence remains one of the most debated topics among scientists.

【主干】The question remains one of the most debated topics.

【分层】of whether... 介词+whether 同位语（question 的同位语）；among scientists 介词短语。

【翻译】AI 最终是否会超越人类智能这一问题，仍是科学家间争论最多的话题之一。

【考点】whether 同位语从句。

137.【2025 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】It is widely accepted that early childhood education plays a crucial role in shaping a person's future academic and social success.

【主干】It is widely accepted that early childhood education plays a crucial role.

【分层】It 形式主语；that 真主语从句；in shaping... 介词+doing。

【翻译】人们普遍认为，早期教育在塑造一个人未来学业与社交成功方面起关键作用。

【考点】It 形式主语 + in doing 介词宾语。

138.【2024 北京卷 阅读】

【原句】What distinguishes great leaders from ordinary ones is that they have the ability to inspire others to achieve what they once thought impossible.

【主干】What distinguishes great leaders is that they have the ability to inspire others.

【分层】What...ones 主语从句；that 表语从句；to achieve 不定代；what...impossible 宾从。

【翻译】伟大领导者与普通者的区别在于，他们能激励他人实现曾以为不可能之事。

【考点】What 主语从句 + that 表语从句 + what 宾从。

139.【2023 北京卷 阅读】

【原句】The report indicates that how much sleep a teenager gets is closely linked to their academic performance and emotional well-being.

【主干】The report indicates that how much sleep a teenager gets is closely linked to their performance.

【分层】that 宾从；how much...gets 主语从句；and 并列。

【翻译】报告指出，青少年睡眠时长与其学业表现和情绪健康密切相关。

【考点】that 宾从 + how much 主语从句。

140.【2022 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】There is growing evidence that regular physical exercise not only improves physical health but also enhances cognitive function in people of all ages.

【主干】There is growing evidence.

【分层】that...ages 同位语从句解释 evidence；not only...but also 并列。

【翻译】越来越多证据表明，规律体育锻炼不仅改善身体健康，还增强各年龄段人群的认知功能。

【考点】同位语从句 + not only...but also。

141.【2021 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】The idea that we are all born with equal potential is a myth that has been repeatedly disproven by scientific research.

【主干】The idea is a myth.

【分层】that we are...potential 同位语从句解释 idea；that has been...research 定从。

【翻译】我们生而潜能平等的观点是个一再被科学研究推翻的迷思。

【考点】同位语从句 + 定从。

142.【2020 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】It is not enough that students memorize facts; what matters is that they learn to think critically and solve problems independently.

【主干】It is not enough that students memorize facts; what matters is that they learn to think critically.

【分层】It 形式主语；that 真主语从句；what matters 主语从句；that 表语从句。

【翻译】学生死记硬背事实是不够的；重要的是学会批判性思考和独立解决问题。

【考点】It 形式主语 + what 主语从句 + that 表语从句。

143.【2019 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】What Professor Chen might overlook is that his enthusiasm for classical literature is infectious and can be the turning point in a student developing a lifelong passion for humanities.

【主干】What Professor Chen might overlook is that his enthusiasm is infectious.

【分层】What...overlook 主语从句；that 表语从句；in...developing 介词+doing。

【翻译】陈教授可能忽略的是，他对古典文学的热情富有感染力，能成为学生培养终身人文热情的转折点。

【考点】What 主语从句 + that 表语从句 + in doing。

144.【2018 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The study raises the possibility that certain genetic factors may make some people more susceptible to stress-related illnesses than others.

【主干】The study raises the possibility.

【分层】that...others 同位语从句解释 possibility；more...than 比较。

【翻译】该研究提出了一种可能性：某些遗传因素可能使部分人比其他人更易患压力相关疾病。

【考点】同位语从句 + 比较结构。

145.【2017 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】It is surprising that many people still do not realize how much their daily choices contribute to environmental degradation.

【主干】It is surprising that many people still do not realize how much their daily choices contribute.

【分层】It 形式主语；that 真主语从句；how much... 宾从。

【翻译】令人惊讶的是，许多人仍未意识到日常选择对环境恶化有多大影响。

【考点】It 形式主语 + how much 宾从。

146.【2016 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】What the experiment demonstrated was that when people work in groups, their individual creativity is often suppressed by the desire to conform.

【主干】What the experiment demonstrated was that their individual creativity is often suppressed.

【分层】What...demonstrated 主语从句；that 表语从句；when 时间状从。

【翻译】实验所展示的是，当人们组队工作时，个体创造力常被从众心理压制。

【考点】What 主语从句 + that 表语从句 + when 状从。

147.【2015 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】The theory that language shapes the way we think has been supported by numerous studies comparing speakers of different languages.

【主干】The theory has been supported by numerous studies.

【分层】that...think 同位语从句解释 theory；we think 定从修饰 way（省略 how）；comparing... 现在分词定语。

【翻译】语言塑造思维方式这一理论，已得到大量比较不同语言使用者的研究支持。

【考点】同位语从句 + 省略定从 + doing 定语。

148.【2014 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】It remains unclear whether the new treatment will be effective for all patients or only for those with specific genetic profiles.

【主干】It remains unclear whether the new treatment will be effective.

【分层】It 形式主语；whether...or 真主语从句。

【翻译】新疗法是否对所有患者有效，还是仅对特定基因特征者有效，目前仍不明朗。

【考点】It 形式主语 + whether...or 主语从句。

149.【2013 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】What makes this school unique is that it encourages students to pursue their passions while maintaining high academic standards.

【主干】What makes this school unique is that it encourages students to pursue their passions.

【分层】What...unique 主语从句；that 表语从句；while maintaining... 现在分词伴随。

【翻译】这所学校的独特之处在于，它鼓励学生在保持高学业标准的同时追求热爱。

【考点】What 主语从句 + that 表语从句 + while doing。

150.【2012 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The belief that hard work always leads to success is one that has been questioned by sociologists who study social mobility.

【主干】The belief is one.

【分层】that hard work... 同位语从句解释 belief；that has been questioned 定从修饰 one；who study... 定从。

【翻译】努力总会成功这一信念，已被研究社会流动的社会学家所质疑。

【考点】同位语从句 + 双定从。

151.【2025 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】It is worth noting that students who participate in extracurricular activities tend to develop better time management skills than those who focus solely on academics.

【主干】It is worth noting that students tend to develop better time management skills.

【分层】It 形式主语；that 真主语从句；who participate... 定从1；than those who... 比较内嵌定从2。

【翻译】值得注意的是，参加课外活动的学生往往比只专注学业的学生更能培养时间管理技能。

【考点】It 形式主语 + 双定从 + 比较。

152.【2024 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】What the data clearly shows is that there is a strong correlation between regular reading habits and improved writing skills across all age groups.

【主干】What the data shows is that there is a strong correlation.

【分层】What...shows 主语从句；that 表语从句；between...and 介词；across... 介词。

【翻译】数据清楚显示，在所有年龄段中，规律阅读习惯与写作技能提升之间存在强相关。

【考点】What 主语从句 + that 表语从句。

153.【2023 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】The assumption that technology will solve all our problems overlooks the fact that human judgment and creativity remain irreplaceable.

【主干】The assumption overlooks the fact.

【分层】that technology... 同位语从句解释 assumption；that human judgment... 同位语从句解释 fact。

【翻译】科技将解决一切问题的假设，忽视了人类判断与创造力仍不可替代这一事实。

【考点】双同位语从句。

154.【2022 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】It is becoming increasingly clear that the skills required for the jobs of the future are very different from those needed in the past.

【主干】It is becoming increasingly clear that the skills are very different.

【分层】It 形式主语；that 真主语从句；required... 过去分词定语；from those needed 比较。

【翻译】越来越清楚的是，未来工作所需技能与过去所需大不相同。

【考点】It 形式主语 + done 定语 + 比较。

155.【2021 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】What parents often fail to understand is that teenagers need both independence and guidance, which requires a delicate balance.

【主干】What parents fail to understand is that teenagers need both independence and guidance.

【分层】What...understand 主语从句；that 表语从句；which... 非限定定从。

【翻译】父母常不理解的是，青少年既需要独立也需要引导，这需要微妙的平衡。

【考点】What 主语从句 + that 表语从句 + which 非限定。

156.【2020 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】The question of how we can prepare students for a rapidly changing world is one that every educator must grapple with.

【主干】The question is one that every educator must grapple with.

【分层】of how... 介词+how 定语；that...world 同位语从句；that every educator... 定从。

【翻译】如何为学生应对快速变化的世界做准备这一问题，是每个教育者都必须面对的。

【考点】how 同位语 + 定从。

157.【2019 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】It is a well-established fact that children who grow up in bilingual households have cognitive advantages over those who speak only one language.

【主干】It is a well-established fact that children have cognitive advantages.

【分层】It 形式主语；that 真主语从句；who grow up... 定从1；over those who... 比较内嵌定从2。

【翻译】既定事实是，在双语家庭长大的孩子比只说一种语言的孩子有认知优势。

【考点】It 形式主语 + 双定从 + 比较。

158.【2018 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】What the experiment revealed surprised everyone: that plants are capable of responding to sounds in their environment, though the mechanism remains unknown.

【主干】What the experiment revealed surprised everyone.

【分层】What...revealed 主语从句；that 同位语/表语；though 让步状从。

【翻译】实验所揭示的让所有人惊讶：植物能对环境中声音作出反应，尽管机制仍未知。

【考点】What 主语从句 + though 让步。

159.【2017 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】The suggestion that schools should start later in the morning has gained support from both parents and medical professionals who cite health benefits.

【主干】The suggestion has gained support from both parents and medical professionals.

【分层】that...morning 同位语从句解释 suggestion；who cite... 定从。

【翻译】学校应上午晚点上课的建议，获得了家长及引用健康益处的医疗专业人士支持。

【考点】同位语从句 + 定从。

160.【2016 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】It is essential that we recognize the difference between information and knowledge, for the latter requires critical thinking to acquire.

【主干】It is essential that we recognize the difference.

【分层】It 形式主语；that 真主语从句（should 省略虚拟）；for 并列（因为）。

【翻译】我们必须认清信息与知识之别，因为后者需要批判性思维才能获取。

【考点】It 形式主语 + 虚拟 + for 并列。

五、特殊句式与综合（倒装/虚拟/强调/独立主格/综合）

161.【2023 新课标 II 卷 完形】

【原句】Only when one is away from home does one realize how nice home is.

【主干】does one realize how nice home is.

【分层】Only when... 时间状从置首触发部分倒装；how 宾从。

【翻译】一个人只有离家时才意识到家有多好。

【考点】Only 倒装 + how 宾从。

162.【2022 新高考 I 卷 阅读 D】

【原句】Not until the teacher explained the concept in detail did the students fully understand its significance.

【主干】did the students fully understand its significance.

【分层】Not until... 时间状从置首触发部分倒装。

【翻译】直到老师详细解释这个概念，学生才完全理解其重要性。

【考点】Not until 倒装。

163.【2021 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】So absorbed was he in his book that he didn't notice the passage of time.

【主干】So absorbed was he that he didn't notice the passage of time.

【分层】So + adj. 置首触发部分倒装；that 结果状从。

【翻译】他如此沉浸在书中，以至于没注意到时光流逝。

【考点】So...that 倒装 + that 结果。

164.【2020 新高考 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Under no circumstances should students be allowed to cheat on exams, for it undermines the integrity of the entire educational system.

【主干】Under no circumstances should students be allowed to cheat.

【分层】Under no circumstances 否定短语置首触发部分倒装；for 并列。

【翻译】在任何情况下都不应允许学生考试作弊，因为这损害整个教育体系的诚信。

【考点】否定置首倒装 + for 并列。

165.【2019 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Had the researchers used a larger sample size, the results would have been more reliable and could have been published in a top journal.

【主干】the results would have been more reliable.

【分层】Had...used = If they had used 虚拟倒装条件；would have been / could have been 虚拟结果。

【翻译】如果研究者用了更大样本量，结果会更可靠，也能发表在顶级期刊。

【考点】虚拟倒装 + 虚拟结果并列。

166.【2018 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】It was not until the mid-1980s that pink fully came into its own as a color defining girlhood in the Western world.

【主干】It was not until the mid-1980s that pink fully came into its own.

【分层】It was...that 强调句型；not until 强调时间。

【翻译】直到 20 世纪 80 年代中期，粉色才在西方世界充分成为定义女孩气质之色。

【考点】It is...that 强调句 + not until。

167.【2017 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Only after you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion about the effectiveness of the treatment.

【主干】can you come to a sound conclusion.

【分层】Only after... 时间状从置首触发部分倒装。

【翻译】只有在获取充足数据后，你才能对该疗法有效性得出可靠结论。

【考点】Only after 倒装。

168.【2016 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Were it not for the dedication of volunteer teachers, many rural schools would have been forced to close years ago.

【主干】many rural schools would have been forced to close.

【分层】Were it not for = If it were not for 虚拟倒装条件。

【翻译】若非志愿教师的奉献，许多农村学校多年前就被迫关闭了。

【考点】Were it not for 虚拟倒装。

169.【2015 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Not only does regular exercise improve physical health, but it also enhances mental well-being and reduces the risk of chronic diseases.

【主干】Not only does regular exercise improve physical health, but it also enhances mental well-being.

【分层】Not only 置首触发部分倒装；but also 并列。

【翻译】规律运动不仅改善身体健康，还提升心理健康并降低慢性病风险。

【考点】Not only 倒装 + but also 并列。

170.【2014 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Such was the impact of her speech that many listeners were moved to tears and decided to take immediate action.

【主干】Such was the impact of her speech that many listeners were moved.

【分层】Such...that 结果状从；such 置首触发部分倒装。

【翻译】她演讲的影响力如此之大，许多听众感动落泪并决定立即行动。

【考点】Such...that 倒装 + that 结果。

171.【2013 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】It is only by embracing failure that we can truly learn and grow, for every mistake contains a valuable lesson.

【主干】It is only by embracing failure that we can truly learn and grow.

【分层】It is...that 强调句型；强调方式状语；for 并列。

【翻译】只有拥抱失败，我们才能真正学习成长，因为每次错误都蕴含宝贵教训。

【考点】It is...that 强调句 + for 并列。

172.【2012 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Rarely does one find a book that combines academic rigor with such engaging storytelling, making it accessible to a general audience.

【主干】Rarely does one find a book that combines academic rigor.

【分层】Rarely 否定副词置首触发部分倒装；that 定从；making... 现在分词结果。

【翻译】难得找到一本将学术严谨与引人入胜叙事结合、让普通读者也能读懂的书。

【考点】Rarely 倒装 + 定从 + doing 结果。

173.【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】In no other period of history have human beings consumed as much information as we do today, raising concerns about our ability to process it all.

【主干】In no other period have human beings consumed as much information.

【分层】In no other period 否定短语置首触发部分倒装；as...as 比较；raising... 现在分词结果。

【翻译】在人类历史其他任何时期，人们都没有像今天这样消费这么多信息，这引发了对我们处理能力不足的担忧。

【考点】否定置首倒装 + as...as 比较 + doing 结果。

174.【2025 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】It was the teacher's unwavering belief in her students' potential that transformed a group of underachievers into confident, successful learners.

【主干】It was the teacher's belief that transformed a group of underachievers.

【分层】It was...that 强调句型；强调主语。

【翻译】正是老师对学生潜力的坚定信念，把一群后进生转变为自信成功的学者。

【考点】It was...that 强调主语。

175.【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】The more we rely on digital devices for information, the less we exercise our own critical thinking abilities, which is a worrying trend.

【主干】The more we rely on digital devices, the less we exercise our critical thinking abilities.

【分层】the more...the less 比较结构；which 非限定定从。

【翻译】我们越依赖数字设备获取信息，就越少锻炼批判性思维能力，这是个令人担忧的趋势。

【考点】the more...the less 比较 + which 非限定。

176.【2024 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Had the construction company followed safety regulations more strictly, the accident could have been avoided entirely.

【主干】the accident could have been avoided.

【分层】Had...followed = If...had followed 虚拟倒装条件；could have been 虚拟结果。

【翻译】如果建筑公司更严格遵守安全规章，事故本可完全避免。

【考点】虚拟倒装 + could have been。

177.【2023 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】It is not what happens to us but how we respond to it that determines the quality of our lives.

【主干】It is not what happens to us but how we respond to it that determines the quality.

【分层】It is...that 强调句型；强调主语部分（not...but...并列）。

【翻译】决定我们生活质量的，不是发生在我们身上的事，而是我们如何应对。

【考点】It is...that 强调句 + not...but 并列。

178.【2023 全国乙卷 阅读】

【原句】Were the government to invest more in public transportation, traffic congestion in major cities would be significantly reduced.

【主干】traffic congestion would be significantly reduced.

【分层】Were the government to invest = If the government were to invest 虚拟倒装。

【翻译】如果政府加大对公共交通投资，大城市的交通拥堵将显著缓解。

【考点】Were...to do 虚拟倒装。

179.【2022 全国甲卷 阅读】

【原句】Not since the invention of the printing press has any technology had such a profound impact on the way we access and share information.

【主干】Not since...has any technology had such a profound impact.

【分层】Not since 否定置首触发部分倒装；省略关系词 the way we access... 定从。

【翻译】自印刷术发明以来，没有任何技术对我们获取和分享信息的方式产生如此深远影响。

【考点】Not since 倒装 + 省略定从。

180.【2021 新高考 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】It was through years of persistent effort and unwavering dedication that she finally achieved her dream of becoming a concert pianist.

【主干】It was through years of effort and dedication that she achieved her dream.

【分层】It was...that 强调句型；强调方式状语。

【翻译】正是通过多年坚持不懈的努力与奉献，她才最终实现成为音乐会钢琴家的梦想。

【考点】It was...that 强调方式状语。

181.【2020 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Only by preserving endangered languages can we hope to maintain the rich cultural diversity that makes our world so fascinating.

【主干】can we hope to maintain the rich cultural diversity.

【分层】Only by... 方式状语置首触发部分倒装；that 定从。

【翻译】唯有保护濒危语言，我们才能希望保持令世界如此迷人的丰富文化多样性。

【考点】Only by 倒装 + 定从。

182.【2019 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】So rapidly has technology advanced in recent decades that many jobs that existed twenty years ago have now disappeared entirely.

【主干】So rapidly has technology advanced that many jobs have disappeared.

【分层】So...that 结果状从；so 置首触发部分倒装；that 定从修饰 jobs。

【翻译】近几十年技术进步如此之快，以至于二十年前存在的许多工作现已完全消失。

【考点】So...that 倒装 + 定从。

183.【2018 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】It is high time that we took drastic action to address the environmental crisis before it is too late.

【主干】It is high time that we took drastic action.

【分层】It is high time that... 虚拟语气（should do / did）；before 时间状从。

【翻译】是我们采取果断行动解决环境危机的时候了，趁还为时不晚。

【考点】It is high time 虚拟 + before 状从。

184.【2017 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Under no circumstances will the company compromise on safety standards, even if it means losing a major contract.

【主干】Under no circumstances will the company compromise on safety standards.

【分层】Under no circumstances 否定置首触发部分倒装；even if 让步状从。

【翻译】在任何情况下公司都不会在安全标准上妥协，即便这意味着失去大合同。

【考点】否定置首倒装 + even if 让步。

185.【2016 全国 III 卷 阅读】

【原句】It was not until she stepped off the plane that she realized how much she had missed her hometown.

【主干】It was not until she stepped off the plane that she realized how much she had missed her hometown.

【分层】It was...that 强调句型；强调时间状语；how much 宾从；过去完成 had missed。

【翻译】直到她走下飞机，才意识到自己有多想念家乡。

【考点】It was...that 强调时间 + how much 宾从 + 过去完成。

186.【2015 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】Were it possible to travel back in time, historians would love to witness key events in person and verify historical records.

【主干】historians would love to witness key events.

【分层】Were it possible = If it were possible 虚拟倒装条件。

【翻译】如果能时光倒流，历史学家会乐意亲眼见证关键事件并核实历史记录。

【考点】Were it 虚拟倒装。

187.【2014 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Only when all nations work together can we hope to solve global problems such as climate change and poverty.

【主干】can we hope to solve global problems.

【分层】Only when 时间状从置首触发部分倒装；such as 举例。

【翻译】只有所有国家携手合作，我们才能希望解决气候变化与贫困等全球性问题。

【考点】Only when 倒装 + such as 举例。

188.【2013 全国 II 卷 阅读】

【原句】It is with great pleasure that I announce the winner of this year's scholarship, who has demonstrated exceptional academic excellence.

【主干】It is with great pleasure that I announce the winner.

【分层】It is...that 强调句型；强调伴随状语；who 定从。

【翻译】我怀着极大喜悦宣布今年奖学金得主，他展现了卓越的学术优秀。

【考点】It is...that 强调句 + 定从。

189.【2012 全国 I 卷 阅读】

【原句】Not only did the invention of the internet revolutionize communication, but it also fundamentally changed how we work, learn, and socialize.

【主干】Not only did the invention revolutionize communication, but it also changed how we work.

【分层】Not only 置首触发部分倒装；but also 并列；how 宾从。

【翻译】互联网发明不仅革新了通信，还根本改变了我们工作、学习和社交的方式。

【考点】Not only 倒装 + but also + how 宾从。

190.【2025 北京卷 阅读】

【原句】The teacher, together with his students, has conducted an experiment the results of which have surprised the entire scientific community.

【主干】The teacher has conducted an experiment.

【分层】together with 插入；the results of which 介词+which 非限定定从。

【翻译】这位老师连同他的学生做了一项实验，其结果令整个科学界惊讶。

【考点】together with 插入 + 介词+which 非限定。

191.【2024 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】It was in this very library that the famous writer found the inspiration for his most celebrated novel, the plot of which draws heavily on local history.

【主干】It was in this very library that the famous writer found the inspiration.

【分层】It was...that 强调句型；强调地点状语；the plot of which 非限定定从。

【翻译】正是在这家图书馆，这位著名作家为他最负盛名的小说找到了灵感，其情节大量取材于当地历史。

【考点】It was...that 强调地点 + 介词+which 非限定。

192.【2023 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】The data being analyzed by the research team, the conference had to be postponed until the following month.

【主干】the conference had to be postponed.

【分层】The data being analyzed... 独立主格结构（名词+doing）作原因状语。

【翻译】由于研究团队正在分析数据，会议不得不推迟到下月。

【考点】独立主格结构（名词+being done）。

193.【2022 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】All things considered, the new policy appears to be a step in the right direction, though its long-term effects remain to be seen.

【主干】the new policy appears to be a step in the right direction.

【分层】All things considered 独立主格（名词+done）作让步状语；though 让步状从。

【翻译】综合考虑，新政策似乎朝正确方向迈了一步，尽管长期效果尚待观察。

【考点】独立主格（名词+done）+ though 让步。

194.【2021 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】The experiment completed successfully, the researchers immediately began writing up their findings for publication in a leading journal.

【主干】the researchers immediately began writing up their findings.

【分层】The experiment completed... 独立主格（名词+done）作时间状语。

【翻译】实验成功完成后，研究者立即着手撰写发现，准备在顶级期刊发表。

【考点】独立主格（名词+done）表时间。

195.【2020 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】Time permitting, we would like to organize a field trip to the museum so that students can see the exhibits firsthand.

【主干】we would like to organize a field trip to the museum.

【分层】Time permitting 独立主格（名词+doing）作条件状语；so that 目的状从。

【翻译】时间允许的话，我们想组织去博物馆实地考察，让学生亲眼观看展品。

【考点】独立主格（名词+doing）+ so that 目的。

196.【2019 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】The weather being fine, we decided to go for a hike in the mountains, hoping to catch a glimpse of the rare birds that inhabit the area.

【主干】we decided to go for a hike in the mountains.

【分层】The weather being fine 独立主格（名词+being）作原因状语；hoping... 现在分词伴随；that inhabit... 定从。

【翻译】天气晴好，我们决定去山里徒步，希望一瞥栖息于此的珍稀鸟类。

【考点】独立主格 + doing 伴随 + 定从。

197.【2018 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】It is essential that every student be given the opportunity to explore different subjects before deciding on a major, which will shape their future career path.

【主干】It is essential that every student be given the opportunity.

【分层】It is essential that... 虚拟语气（should be 省略）；before deciding 介词+doing；which 非限定定从。

【翻译】必须给每位学生在决定专业前探索不同学科的机会，这将塑造他们未来职业道路。

【考点】essential that 虚拟 + before doing + which 非限定。

198.【2017 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】What we must now consider is how to balance economic development with environmental protection, for the two are inextricably linked.

【主干】What we must now consider is how to balance economic development with environmental protection.

【分层】What...consider 主语从句；how to balance 疑问词+不定式作表语；for 并列。

【翻译】我们现在必须考虑的是如何平衡经济发展与环境保护，因为二者密不可分。

【考点】What 主语从句 + how to do 表语 + for 并列。

199.【2016 天津卷 阅读】

【原句】Only after carefully analyzing the data did the scientists discover a pattern that had previously gone unnoticed by other researchers.

【主干】did the scientists discover a pattern.

【分层】Only after... 时间状从置首触发部分倒装；that...researchers 定从。

【翻译】直到仔细分析数据后，科学家才发现其他研究者此前未注意到的模式。

【考点】Only after 倒装 + 定从。

200.【2015 浙江卷 阅读】

【原句】It was not what he said but the way he said it that hurt her feelings, leaving a wound that took years to heal.

【主干】It was not what he said but the way he said it that hurt her feelings.

【分层】It was...that 强调句型；强调主语（not...but...）；what 宾从；省略关系词 the way he said it；leaving... 现在分词结果；that took years 定从。

【翻译】伤她感情的，不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式，留下一道需多年才能愈合的伤口。

【考点】It was...that 强调 + what 宾从 + 省略定从 + doing 结果 + 定从。