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壹
The investigation into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill in 2010 showed that complacency — among executives, among engineers and among government officials — was a major cause of that disaster.
【生词】
1. investigation n.调查、审查、科学研究；
2. blowout n.爆裂、爆胎、井喷；
3. spill n.洒出、溢出；v.洒出、溢出、洒落；
4. complacency n.自满、自鸣得意；
5. executive n.主管、经理、行政部门；adj.行政的、高档的、豪华的；
【解析】
① The investigation是句子的主语，into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill是介词短语做后置定语，修饰The investigation，in 2010是介词短语作后置定语，修饰blowout and oil spill，表示：对2010年“深水地平线”钻井平台井喷及漏油事件的调查；showed是谓语动词，that complacency — among executives, among engineers and among government officials — was a major cause of that disaster.是that引导的宾语从句，做shows的宾语，complacency是从句的主语，among executives, among engineers and among government officials是破折号插入成分，由三个并列介词短语构成，对主语complacency的补充说明，was是系动词，a major cause of that disaster做表语，a是限定词，major是形容词定语，cause是中心名词，of that disaster是 介词短语作后置定语，修饰cause，表示：那场灾难的主要原因；
【句子成分结构树状图】
[句子] The investigation into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill in 2010 showed that complacency — among executives, among engineers and among government officials — was a major cause of that disaster.
├─── [主语] The investigation into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill in 2010
│ ├─── [限定词] The
│ ├─── [核心名词] investigation
│ └─── [后置定语：介词短语] into the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill in 2010
│ ├─── [介词] into
│ └─── [宾语] the Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill in 2010
│ ├─── [限定词] the
│ ├─── [并列名词短语1] Deepwater Horizon blowout
│ │ ├─── [前置定语] Deepwater Horizon
│ │ └─── [核心名词] blowout
│ ├─── [并列连词] and
│ ├─── [并列名词短语2] oil spill
│ │ ├─── [前置定语] oil
│ │ └─── [核心名词] spill
│ └─── [后置定语：介词短语] in 2010
│ ├─── [介词] in
│ └─── [宾语] 2010
└─── [谓语] showed
└─── [宾语从句] that complacency — among executives, among engineers and among government officials — was a major cause of that disaster
├─── [从属连词] that
├─── [主语] complacency — among executives, among engineers and among government officials —
│ ├─── [核心名词] complacency
│ └─── [插入语/后置定语：并列介词短语] among executives, among engineers and among government officials
│ ├─── [介词短语1] among executives
│ │ ├─── [介词] among
│ │ └─── [宾语] executives
│ ├─── [介词短语2] among engineers
│ │ ├─── [介词] among
│ │ └─── [宾语] engineers
│ ├─── [并列连词] and
│ └─── [介词短语3] among government officials
│ ├─── [介词] among
│ └─── [宾语] government officials
├─── [谓语：系动词] was
└─── [表语] a major cause of that disaster
├─── [限定词] a
├─── [定语：形容词] major
├─── [核心名词] cause
└─── [后置定语：介词短语] of that disaster
├─── [介词] of
└─── [宾语] that disaster
├─── [限定词] that
└─── [核心名词] disaster
【句意】
对2010年“深水地平线”钻井平台井喷及漏油事件的调查表明，自满——无论是高管、工程师还是政府官员中的自满——是那场灾难的一个主要原因；
贰
Others have a problem with the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities or with the political implications of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations.
【生词】
1. impact n.撞击、冲击力、巨大影响；v.冲击、撞击、对…产生影响；
2. switch v.打开、转变、改变、交换、调换；n.开关、突变、骤变；
3. organism n.生物、有机体、有机组织；
4. implication n.可能的影响、暗指、牵连、涉及；
5. supply n.供应量、储备、供给量、供给；v.供应、提供、供给；
6. corporation n.公司、企业、法人；
【解析】
① Others是句子的主语，have是谓语动词，a problem做宾语，with ... or with ... 是并列介词短语，与have a problem构成have a problem with …对… 持异议、担忧、不认同；the social impacts做with的宾语，that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the social impacts，that在从句中做have的宾语，switching to GM organisms 是动名词短语做主语，GM organisms 做to的宾语，GM organisms= genetically modified organisms，can have是谓语动词，have impacts on… 对…产生影响，traditional farming communities做介词on的宾语，定语从句的意思是：转向转基因生物可能对传统农业社区带来的社会影响；
② or with是并列结构，have a problem with A or with B，对A或者B有顾虑，the political implications做with的宾语，of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations是介词短语做后置定语，修饰the political implications，leave sth in the hands of… 将某物交由…掌控，是固定搭配，a large share of the food supply做leaving的宾语，a few corporations做of 的宾语，意思是：把大量粮食供应交到少数企业手中所引发的政治后果；
【句子成分结构树状图】
[句子] Others have a problem with the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities or with the political implications of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations.
├─── [主语] Others
├─── [谓语] have
├─── [宾语] a problem
│ ├─── [限定词] a
│ └─── [核心名词] problem
└─── [状语：并列介词短语] with the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities or with the political implications of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations
├─── [介词短语1] with the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities
│ ├─── [介词] with
│ └─── [宾语] the social impacts that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities
│ ├─── [限定词] the
│ ├─── [定语：形容词] social
│ ├─── [核心名词] impacts
│ └─── [定语从句] that switching to GM organisms can have on traditional farming communities
│ ├─── [主语] switching to GM organisms
│ │ ├─── [动名词] switching
│ │ └─── [状语：介词短语] to GM organisms
│ │ ├─── [介词] to
│ │ └─── [宾语] GM organisms
│ │ ├─── [前置定语] GM
│ │ └─── [核心名词] organisms
│ ├─── [谓语] can have
│ │ ├─── [情态动词] can
│ │ └─── [动词] have
│ ├─── [宾语：关系代词] that
│ └─── [状语：介词短语] on traditional farming communities
│ ├─── [介词] on
│ └─── [宾语] traditional farming communities
│ ├─── [前置定语] traditional
│ ├─── [前置定语] farming
│ └─── [核心名词] communities
├─── [并列连词] or
└─── [介词短语2] with the political implications of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations
├─── [介词] with
└─── [宾语] the political implications of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations
├─── [限定词] the
├─── [定语：形容词] political
├─── [核心名词] implications
└─── [后置定语：介词短语] of leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations
├─── [介词] of
└─── [宾语：动名词短语] leaving a large share of the food supply in the hands of a few corporations
├─── [动名词] leaving
├─── [宾语] a large share of the food supply
│ ├─── [限定词] a
│ ├─── [定语：形容词] large
│ ├─── [核心名词] share
│ └─── [后置定语：介词短语] of the food supply
│ ├─── [介词] of
│ └─── [宾语] the food supply
│ ├─── [限定词] the
│ └─── [核心名词] food supply
│ ├─── [前置定语] food
│ └─── [核心名词] supply
└─── [状语/宾补：介词短语] in the hands of a few corporations
├─── [介词] in
└─── [宾语] the hands of a few corporations
├─── [限定词] the
├─── [核心名词] hands
└─── [后置定语：介词短语] of a few corporations
├─── [介词] of
└─── [宾语] a few corporations
├─── [限定词] a
├─── [定语] few
└─── [核心名词] corporations
【句意】
另一些人则对转向转基因生物可能给传统农业社区带来的社会影响感到不满，或者对让很大一部分粮食供应落入少数几家公司手中所产生的政治影响感到不满；
叁
If we undertake the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface, who will be included in that “we” and by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen?
【生词】
1. undertake v.承担、从事、承诺；
2. temperature n.温度、气温、体温；
3. global adj.全球的、全世界的、全面的、整体的；
【解析】
① If we undertake the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface是if引导的条件状语从句，we是从句的主语，undertake是谓语动词，the project做宾语，of setting the global temperature是介词短语做后置定语，修饰the project，表示：设定全球气温的项目；by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface是介词短语做方式状语，修饰动名词setting，how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface是how much引导的宾语从句，做controlling的宾语，从句意思是：到达地球表面的阳光量；条件状语从句的意思是：如果我们着手实施这样一个项目——通过控制到达地球表面的阳光量来设定全球温度；
② who will be included in that “we” and by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen? 是由and连接的两个特殊疑问句，who是主语，will be included是谓语动词，in that “we” 是介词短语作地点状语，意思是：那么这个“我们”将包括哪些人？
③ by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen?是倒装语序，正常语序是the “right” global temperature will be chosen by what process，by what process 是介词短语做方式状语，the “right” global temperature 是主语，will be chosen 是被动谓语，意思是：通过什么程序选出“正确的”全球温度：
【句子成分结构树状图】
[句子] If we undertake the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface, who will be included in that “we” and by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen?
├─── [条件状语从句] If we undertake the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface
│ ├─── [从属连词] If
│ ├─── [主语] we
│ ├─── [谓语] undertake
│ └─── [宾语] the project of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface
│ ├─── [限定词] the
│ ├─── [核心名词] project
│ └─── [后置定语：介词短语] of setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface
│ ├─── [介词] of
│ └─── [宾语：动名词短语] setting the global temperature by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface
│ ├─── [动名词] setting
│ ├─── [宾语] the global temperature
│ │ ├─── [限定词] the
│ │ ├─── [定语：形容词] global
│ │ └─── [核心名词] temperature
│ └─── [方式状语：介词短语] by controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface
│ ├─── [介词] by
│ └─── [宾语：动名词短语] controlling how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface
│ ├─── [动名词] controlling
│ └─── [宾语从句] how much sunlight reaches Earth’s surface
│ ├─── [连接限定词] how much
│ ├─── [主语] sunlight
│ └─── [谓语] reaches
│ └─── [宾语] Earth’s surface
│ ├─── [限定词] Earth’s
│ └─── [核心名词] surface
└─── [主句：并列疑问句] who will be included in that “we” and by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen?
├─── [并列疑问句1] who will be included in that “we”
│ ├─── [主语：疑问代词] who
│ ├─── [谓语：被动语态] will be included
│ │ ├─── [助动词] will
│ │ ├─── [助动词] be
│ │ └─── [过去分词] included
│ └─── [状语：介词短语] in that “we”
│ ├─── [介词] in
│ └─── [宾语] that “we”
│ ├─── [限定词] that
│ └─── [核心名词/引号词] “we”
├─── [并列连词] and
└─── [并列疑问句2] by what process will the “right” global temperature be chosen?
├─── [状语：疑问介词短语] by what process
│ ├─── [介词] by
│ └─── [宾语] what process
│ ├─── [限定词] what
│ └─── [核心名词] process
├─── [主语] the “right” global temperature
│ ├─── [限定词] the
│ ├─── [定语：引号词/形容词] “right”
│ ├─── [前置定语] global
│ └─── [核心名词] temperature
└─── [谓语：被动语态] will be chosen
├─── [助动词] will
├─── [助动词] be
└─── [过去分词] chosen
【句意】
果我们着手实施这样一个项目—通过控制到达地球表面的阳光量来设定全球温度—那么，那个“我们”将包括谁？又将通过什么程序来选定“正确的”全球温度？
图文 | 排版 ：Oliver
