ARTICLE · 1210041
历年高考英语真题阅读理解B篇高频词熟词生义同义替换长难句汇编(2022-2026)
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汇编覆盖2022至2026年高考英语全卷型阅读理解B篇，包含全国甲卷、全国乙卷、新高考I卷、新高考II卷（2022–2024）及全国一卷、全国二卷、全国甲卷、全国乙卷（2025–2026），针对B篇以记叙文、人物故事、个人经历、温情叙事类文本为主的命题特点，按年份+卷型逐一拆解核心考点。
每篇卷型均包含四大模块：① 高频核心词（20个）：B篇叙事场景高频实词、情感词、动作词，用于理清故事脉络、读懂人物态度；② 同义替换8组：题干和原文之间的改写转换，是细节题、推断题的核心定位线索；③ 熟词生义6组：记叙文高频熟词僻义，B篇极易设置词义猜测考点；④ 长难句3句：摘取原文典型句式，附带主干、解析、翻译、命题点标注。
题材覆盖人物成长故事、志愿者经历、生活感悟、动物保护、旅行见闻、个人爱好、暖心事件等高考B篇高频叙事主题。
2022 新高考I卷 阅读B
题材：人物叙事·个人爱好成长故事
一、高频核心词20个
passion n. 热爱，激情 amateur adj. 业余的 capture v. 捕捉，拍摄 scenery n. 风景 devote v. 投入，致力于 admire v. 欣赏，钦佩 inspiration n. 灵感 remarkable adj. 非凡的，引人注目的 pursue v. 追求 journey n. 历程，旅程 reward n. 回报，奖赏 challenge n. & v. 挑战 overcome v. 克服 appreciate v. 领会，欣赏 treasure v. 珍视 n. 珍宝 gradually adv. 逐渐地 outstanding adj. 出色的 creative adj. 有创造力的 explore v. 探索 achievement n. 成就
二、同义替换8组
be fond of ↔ have a passion for 热爱 give time to ↔ devote oneself to 投入时间于 take photos of ↔ capture images of 拍摄…… look at … with respect ↔ admire 钦佩，欣赏 go after ↔ pursue 追求 difficulty ↔ challenge 困难，挑战 get over ↔ overcome 克服 slowly ↔ gradually 慢慢地，逐渐
三、熟词生义6组
capture v. 拍摄（熟义：捕获） treasure v. 珍视（熟义：n.财宝） shoot v. 拍摄（熟义：射击） reward n. 精神回报（熟义：奖品） scene n. 风景画面（熟义：场景） work n. 作品（熟义：工作）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：What makes his works stand out is that he combines natural scenery with his personal feelings.主干：What makes his works stand out is that…解析：what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句；combine A with B 固定搭配翻译：让他的作品脱颖而出的是，他将自然风光与个人情感融为一体。命题点：主语从句、表语从句，主旨/推断题常考
2.句子：Though he met many difficulties at the beginning, he never gave up and kept practising in his spare time.主干：he never gave up and kept practising解析：though引导让步状语从句翻译：尽管一开始他遇到很多困难，但他从未放弃，坚持在空余时间练习。命题点：让步逻辑，人物态度、细节推断
3.句子：The hours he spent outdoors helped him develop a better understanding of the world around him.主干：The hours helped him develop a better understanding解析：定语从句he spent outdoors修饰the hours；固定搭配develop an understanding of翻译：他在户外度过的时光帮助他更好地理解周遭的世界。命题点：定语从句，因果推断
2022 新高考II卷 阅读B
题材：温情叙事·救助野生动物
一、高频核心词20个
rescue v. & n. 营救 wildlife n. 野生动物 injured adj. 受伤的 shelter n. 庇护所 recover v. 恢复，康复 release v. 放生，释放 gentle adj. 温和的 sensitive adj. 敏感的 volunteer n. 志愿者 routine n. 日常工作 observe v. 观察 signal n. 信号 bond n. 情感联结 grateful adj. 感激的 temporary adj. 暂时的 habitat n. 栖息地 treat v. 医治，治疗 comfort v. 安慰 survival n. 存活 concern n. 担忧，关心
二、同义替换8组
save ↔ rescue 营救 get well ↔ recover 康复 set free ↔ release 放生 take care of ↔ treat 照料，医治 watch closely ↔ observe 仔细观察 worry about ↔ concern 担心 connection ↔ bond 情感联系 short-term ↔ temporary 短期的，暂时的
三、熟词生义6组
shelter n. 动物庇护所（熟义：遮蔽处） release v. 放生（熟义：发布） treat v. 医治（熟义：对待；款待） bond n. 情感纽带（熟义：债券） routine n. 照料流程（熟义：常规） signal n. （动物）行为信号（熟义：信号）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：After checking its condition, the volunteers decided to keep it in the shelter until it was strong enough to return to nature.主干：the volunteers decided to keep it解析：after现在分词作时间状语；until引导时间状语从句翻译：检查它的状况之后，志愿者决定将它留在庇护所，直到它足够强壮回归自然。命题点：时间状语，细节时序判断
2.句子：What surprised them most was that the little creature seemed to show trust in human beings.主干：What surprised them most was that…解析：what主语从句，that表语从句；show trust in 信任翻译：让他们最意外的是，这个小家伙似乎对人类表现出了信任。命题点：主语从句，情感推断
3.句子：The day when it was released became an unforgettable moment for everyone who took part in the rescue.主干：The day became an unforgettable moment解析：when定语从句修饰the day；who定语从句修饰everyone翻译：它被放生的那天，对每一位参与营救的人而言都是难忘的时刻。命题点：双层定语从句，细节定位
2022 全国乙卷 阅读B
题材：个人经历·徒步旅行感悟
一、高频核心词20个
trek v. 长途徒步 tough adj. 艰难的 persist v. 坚持 limit n. 极限 mindset n. 心态 breathtaking adj. 震撼的 reward n. 回报 fatigue n. 疲惫 pause v. 暂停，歇息 refresh v. 恢复精力 path n. 小路 steep adj. 陡峭的 view n. 景色 remind v. 提醒 inner adj. 内心的 courage n. 勇气 accomplish v. 完成 faith n. 信念 stride n. 步伐 barrier n. 障碍
二、同义替换8组
hard ↔ tough 艰难的 keep going ↔ persist 坚持 tiredness ↔ fatigue 疲惫 stop for a rest ↔ pause 歇息 bring back energy ↔ refresh 恢复精力 finish ↔ accomplish 完成 block ↔ barrier 障碍 point of view ↔ mindset 心态
三、熟词生义6组
trek v. 艰苦徒步（熟义：长途行走） steep adj. 陡峭的（熟义：急剧的） view n. 风景（熟义：观点） stride n. 步伐（熟义：进展） refresh v. 恢复体力（熟义：刷新） limit n. 自身极限（熟义：界限）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：Although every muscle ached, he chose to move on rather than give up halfway up the steep mountain.主干：he chose to move on解析：although让步状语从句；rather than 而不是翻译：尽管浑身肌肉酸痛，在陡峭的半山腰，他选择继续前行而不是放弃。命题点：让步+取舍结构，人物态度推断
2.句子：What he gained from the trek was far more than just a beautiful view on the top.主干：What he gained was far more than a beautiful view解析：what引导主语从句；far more than 远不止翻译：他从这次徒步中收获的，远不止山顶的美景。命题点：主语从句，主旨题
3.句子：The experience taught him that real strength lies in the willingness to keep trying when things get difficult.主干：The experience taught him that…解析：that引导宾语从句；when时间状语从句；lie in 在于翻译：这段经历教会他，真正的力量在于困境中愿意不断尝试。命题点：宾语从句，感悟推断
2022 北京卷 阅读B
题材：人物故事·社区志愿长者
一、高频核心词20个
senior n. 长者 devotee n. 热爱者 community n. 社区 cheer v. 鼓舞，使开心 neighbour n. 邻居 routine n. 日常 selfless adj. 无私的 spare adj. 空闲的 assist v. 协助 comfort n. 慰藉 laugh n. 欢笑 connect v. 联结 spirit n. 精神 inspire v. 激励 modest adj. 谦逊的 impact n. 影响 tiny adj. 微小的 action n. 举动 belong v. 归属 warmth n. 温暖
二、同义替换8组
help ↔ assist 帮助 give one’s time ↔ devote 投入时间 influence ↔ impact 影响 make sb happy ↔ cheer sb up 使某人开心 link ↔ connect 联结 free time ↔ spare time 空闲时间 small ↔ tiny 微小的 unselfish ↔ selfless 无私的
三、熟词生义6组
senior n. 年长居民（熟义：高年级学生） cheer v. 抚慰、使舒心（熟义：欢呼） belong v. 有归属感（熟义：属于） routine n. 固定善举（熟义：惯例） modest adj. 低调谦逊（熟义：适度的） action n. 善行举动（熟义：行动）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：While most people chose to stay at home in their free time, this old man spent hours serving his neighbours.主干：this old man spent hours serving his neighbours解析：while引导对比状语从句翻译：当大多数人空闲时选择待在家里，这位老人却花很多时间为邻居提供帮助。命题点：while对比逻辑，人物品质推断
2.句子：He believes that even tiny acts of kindness can spread warmth across the whole community.主干：He believes that…解析：that引导宾语从句翻译：他相信即便是微小的善举，也能把温暖传遍整个社区。命题点：宾语从句，观点理解
3.句子：What makes him special is not what he has done but the sincere love he shows to everyone around him.主干：What makes him special is not…but…解析：not…but… 不是……而是；两处what从句，定语从句修饰love翻译：让他与众不同的，不是他做过什么大事，而是他向身边每个人流露的真诚善意。命题点：并列对比结构，主旨句
2023 新高考I卷 阅读B
题材：成长叙事·学习乐器的心路历程
一、高频核心词20个
instrument n. 乐器 persist v. 坚持 frustrated adj. 沮丧的 progress n. 进步 practise v. 练习 master v. 精通 melody n. 旋律 patience n. 耐心 overcome v. 克服 hesitate v. 犹豫 perform v. 表演 audience n. 观众 nervous adj. 紧张的 confidence n. 自信 gradually adv. 逐渐地 reward n. 回报 effort n. 努力 appreciate v. 欣赏 talent n. 天赋 commitment n. 投入
二、同义替换8组
upset ↔ frustrated 沮丧的 make progress ↔ improve 取得进步 keep on ↔ persist 坚持 get good at ↔ master 精通 put on a show ↔ perform 表演 self-belief ↔ confidence 自信 hard work ↔ effort 努力 devotion ↔ commitment 投入
三、熟词生义6组
master v. 熟练掌握（熟义：n.主人，大师） perform v. 演奏（熟义：执行） progress n. 进展（熟义：前进） appreciate v. 领略乐曲之美（熟义：感激） commit v. 坚持投入（熟义：犯罪；承诺） melody n. 曲调（熟义：旋律）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：At first, he wanted to give up because he could hardly play a simple melody without mistakes.主干：he wanted to give up解析：because原因状语从句翻译：一开始他想要放弃，因为他连一段简单旋律都很难不出错地演奏。命题点：因果逻辑，细节推断
2.句子：It was his music teacher who encouraged him to stick to daily practice instead of expecting quick success.主干：It was his music teacher who encouraged him…解析：强调句型 it was…who…；instead of 而不是翻译：正是他的音乐老师鼓励他坚持每日练习，不要期待速成。命题点：强调句，细节定位
3.句子：The confidence he built through practice allowed him to enjoy playing before a large audience.主干：The confidence allowed him to enjoy playing解析：定语从句he built through practice修饰confidence翻译：他在练习中建立的自信，让他能够享受在众多观众面前演奏。命题点：定语从句，因果推断
2023 新高考II卷 阅读B
题材：暖心故事·帮助陌生老人
一、高频核心词20个
stranger n. 陌生人 anxious adj. 焦急的 locate v. 找到 address n. 地址 accompany v. 陪同 relief n. 宽慰 grateful adj. 感激的 hesitate v. 犹豫 kindness n. 善意 scene n. 一幕场景 recognise v. 认出 wander v. 徘徊，迷路闲逛 calm v. 使平静 communicate v. 沟通 gentle adj. 温和的 remind v. 提醒 treasure v. 珍视 moment n. 瞬间 trust n. 信任 comfort n. 安慰
二、同义替换8组
worried ↔ anxious 焦急的 find ↔ locate 找到 go with ↔ accompany 陪同 thankful ↔ grateful 感激的 calm down ↔ calm 使平静 walk about lost ↔ wander 迷路徘徊 good deed ↔ kindness 善举 believe in ↔ trust 信任
三、熟词生义6组
wander v. 走失闲逛（熟义：漫游） scene n. 生活一幕（熟义：戏剧场景） address n. 住址（熟义：演说） calm v. 安抚（熟义：adj平静的） moment n. 难忘瞬间（熟义：时刻） treasure v. 铭记珍视（熟义：财宝）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：When he noticed the old man wandering alone and looking confused, he stepped forward without hesitation.主干：he stepped forward解析：when时间状语从句；notice sb doing；without hesitation 毫不犹豫翻译：当他注意到老人独自徘徊、神色迷茫时，他毫不犹豫走上前去。命题点：时间状语从句，动作顺序
2.句子：What mattered most was not how much time he spent but whether he could bring the old man home safely.主干：What mattered most was not…but…解析：what主语从句；not…but…取舍结构翻译：最重要的不是他花了多长时间，而是他能否平安送老人回家。命题点：主语从句，主旨理解
3.句子：The old man’s daughter, who rushed over later, expressed sincere thanks for what he had done.主干：The old man’s daughter expressed sincere thanks解析：who非限制性定语从句；what宾语从句翻译：随后赶来的老人女儿，对他所做的一切表达诚挚谢意。命题点：非限制性定语从句，细节定位
2023 全国甲卷 阅读B
题材：动物叙事·饲养救助流浪小猫
一、高频核心词20个
stray adj. 流浪的 kitten n. 小猫 fragile adj. 脆弱的 feed v. 喂养 nurture v. 照料养育 gradually adv. 渐渐地 purr v. 发出呼噜声 trust n. & v. 信任 timid adj. 胆小的 shelter n. 安家之处 playful adj. 爱玩耍的 recover v. 恢复健康 gentle adj. 温顺的 attach v. 依附，亲近 companion n. 伙伴 warmth n. 温暖 blink v. 眨眼 hesitate v. 迟疑 touch v. 触碰 bond n. 情感羁绊
二、同义替换8组
weak ↔ fragile 脆弱的 take care of ↔ nurture 照料 get better ↔ recover 康复 shy ↔ timid 胆小的 stick close to ↔ attach to 亲近 friend ↔ companion 伙伴 little by little ↔ gradually 渐渐地 link ↔ bond 情感联结
三、熟词生义6组
stray adj. 流浪的（熟义：偏离） purr v. （猫）呼噜叫（熟义：低沉震动） attach v. 亲近依赖（熟义：依附、粘贴） shelter n. 小家（熟义：避难所） blink v. 怯生生眨眼（熟义：闪烁） bond n. 人与动物的感情（熟义：纽带）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：At first the little kitten was too timid to come near, even when he put out food every evening.主干：the little kitten was too timid to come near解析：too…to…太……而不能；even when让步状语从句翻译：一开始小猫十分胆小不敢靠近，即便他每天傍晚放上食物。命题点：too…to结构，让步逻辑
2.句子：It took several weeks before the kitten dared to rub its head against his hand and show trust.主干：It took several weeks解析：before引导时间状语从句；it takes some time before…翻译：过了好几周，小猫才敢用脑袋蹭他的手，表达信任。命题点：时间句型，时序推断
3.句子：The quiet bond that grew between them brought unexpected warmth to his daily life.主干：The quiet bond brought unexpected warmth解析：that定语从句修饰bond翻译：在二者之间慢慢建立起的这份安静羁绊，给他的日常生活带来意外温暖。命题点：定语从句，情感主旨
2023 天津卷 阅读B
题材：个人成长·学习绘画克服自卑
一、高频核心词20个
sketch v. 速写，素描 doubt n. 怀疑 insecure adj. 不自信的 criticise v. 批评 accept v. 接纳 unique adj. 独特的 style n. 风格 creativity n. 创造力 express v. 表达 emotion n. 情绪 process n. 过程 imperfect adj. 不完美的 brave adj. 勇敢的 share v. 分享 feedback n. 反馈 inspire v. 鼓舞 talent n. 天赋 effort n. 努力 recognise v. 认可 growth n. 成长
二、同义替换8组
unsure of oneself ↔ insecure 不自信 point out faults ↔ criticise 批评 one of a kind ↔ unique 独特的 show ↔ express 表达 not perfect ↔ imperfect 不完美 opinion ↔ feedback 反馈 make progress ↔ growth 成长 encourage ↔ inspire 鼓舞
三、熟词生义6组
sketch v. 速写（熟义：梗概） style n. 画风（熟义：方式） process n. 创作过程（熟义：工序） accept v. 接纳自我（熟义：接受） emotion n. 心绪感受（熟义：情绪） feedback n. 评价意见（熟义：反馈）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：Because he once feared others’ judgment, he used to hide his drawings and never dared to share them.主干：he used to hide his drawings and never dared to share them解析：because原因状语从句；used to 过去常常翻译：因为曾经害怕别人的评判，他过去总是藏起画作，不敢分享。命题点：因果逻辑，人物心理推断
2.句子：His art teacher told him that beauty lies not in perfection but in honest self-expression.主干：His art teacher told him that…解析：that宾语从句；not…but…取舍结构翻译：美术老师告诉他，美不在于完美，而在于真诚的自我表达。命题点：宾语从句，观点理解
3.句子：The more he sketched freely, the less he cared about whether his works satisfied others.主干：The more he sketched freely, the less he cared解析：the+比较级，the+比较级句型；whether宾语从句翻译：他越自由地速写，就越不在意自己的作品是否能取悦别人。命题点：比较级句型，态度推断
2024 新高考I卷 阅读B
题材：人物叙事·退休教师做乡村阅读推广
一、高频核心词20个
retire v. 退休 rural adj. 乡村的 library n. 图书室 literature n. 文学读物 spark v. 激发 curiosity n. 好奇心 youngster n. 少年 lack v. 缺少 resource n. 资源 collect v. 募集 donate v. 捐赠 spare adj. 空余的 gather v. 聚集 discuss v. 讨论 broaden v. 拓宽 horizon n. 眼界 persist v. 坚持 worthwhile adj. 值得的 influence n. 影响 dream n. 梦想
二、同义替换8组
countryside ↔ rural area 乡村 arouse ↔ spark 激发 lack of ↔ be short of 缺少 give away ↔ donate 捐赠 bring together ↔ gather 聚集 widen ↔ broaden 拓宽 outlook ↔ horizon 眼界 valuable ↔ worthwhile 值得的
三、熟词生义6组
spark v. 激发（熟义：火花） horizon n. 眼界（熟义：地平线） literature n. 各类读物（熟义：文学） collect v. 募集书籍（熟义：收集） spare adj. 空闲的（熟义：备用的） youngster n. 乡村孩童（熟义：年轻人）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：After retiring from school, the former teacher decided to set up a small library for kids in nearby villages.主干：the former teacher decided to set up a small library解析：after现在分词作时间状语翻译：从学校退休之后，这位前教师决定为附近村子的孩子建立一间小型图书室。命题点：时间状语，细节定位
2.句子：What troubled him at first was that local children had few chances to read storybooks.主干：What troubled him was that…解析：what主语从句，that表语从句翻译：一开始困扰他的是，当地孩子几乎没有机会阅读故事书。命题点：主表从句，细节原因
3.句子：Every weekend, children who come to read share their ideas and broaden their horizons through books.主干：children share their ideas and broaden their horizons解析：who定语从句修饰children翻译：每周末前来阅读的孩子们交流想法，借助书本拓宽眼界。命题点：定语从句，目的推断
2024 新高考II卷 阅读B
题材：生活感悟·学习慢下来感受生活
一、高频核心词20个
rush v. 匆忙赶路 pace n. 节奏 slow v. 放缓 overlook v. 忽视 minor adj. 微小的 delight n. 愉悦 pause v. 停下 notice v. 留意 breathe v. 呼吸 appreciate v. 品味，欣赏 busy adj. 忙碌的 schedule n. 日程 reset v. 调整，重置 calm adj. 平静的 mindful adj. 留心的 treasure v. 珍惜 moment n. 瞬间 routine n. 日常 stress n. 压力 balance n. 平衡
二、同义替换8组
hurry ↔ rush 匆忙 speed ↔ pace 节奏 ignore ↔ overlook 忽视 small ↔ minor 微小的 stop briefly ↔ pause 短暂停下 value ↔ treasure 珍惜 pressure ↔ stress 压力 peaceful ↔ calm 平静的
三、熟词生义6组
pace n. 生活节奏（熟义：步幅） slow v. 放缓节奏（熟义：慢的） reset v. 调整状态（熟义：重置） mindful adj. 用心感受的（熟义：留意的） delight n. 细碎美好（熟义：高兴） appreciate v. 用心感受（熟义：感激）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：He used to fill every day with tasks until he realised he was missing the beauty around him.主干：He used to fill every day with tasks解析：until时间状语从句；realise后省略that宾语从句翻译：他曾经把每一天排满任务，直到意识到自己正在错过身边的美好。命题点：until时序逻辑，心理转变推断
2.句子：Slowing down does not mean being lazy; it means paying attention to the little joys in daily life.主干：Slowing down does not mean being lazy; it means paying attention to…解析：分号并列两个分句翻译：慢下来不等于偷懒，而是留心日常生活里微小的欢喜。命题点：并列句，作者观点
3.句子：The moments that people often overlook are sometimes the ones that bring them the greatest happiness.主干：The moments are sometimes the ones解析：两处that定语从句翻译：人们常常忽略的那些瞬间，有时恰恰是带给他们最大快乐的东西。命题点：双层定语从句，主旨句
2024 全国甲卷 阅读B
题材：动物故事·海鸟追踪观察
一、高频核心词20个
seabird n. 海鸟 migration n. 迁徙 track v. 追踪 device n. 追踪设备 route n. 路线 ocean n. 海洋 journey n. 旅途 adapt v. 适应 survive v. 存活 feed v. 觅食 locate v. 定位 observe v. 观测 pattern n. 规律，模式 amaze v. 使惊叹 endurance n. 耐力 storm n. 风暴 shelter v. 躲避 vast adj. 辽阔的 wildlife n. 野生动物 record v. 记录
二、同义替换8组
follow ↔ track 追踪 way ↔ route 路线 change to fit ↔ adapt 适应 stay alive ↔ survive 存活 find food ↔ feed 觅食 rule ↔ pattern 规律 surprise ↔ amaze 使惊叹 large ↔ vast 辽阔的
三、熟词生义6组
track v. 卫星追踪（熟义：小路） device n. 监测仪器（熟义：装置） pattern n. 迁徙模式（熟义：图案） shelter v. 躲避风浪（熟义：庇护所） feed v. 捕食觅食（熟义：喂养） endurance n. 长途耐力（熟义：忍耐）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：Researchers fixed small light devices on the birds so they could record where the seabirds travelled each year.主干：Researchers fixed small light devices解析：so目的状语从句；where宾语从句翻译：研究者给海鸟装上微型感光设备，以此记录海鸟每年的迁徙路线。命题点：目的状语从句，实验目的
2.句子：What surprised the scientists was that these small birds could travel across thousands of miles of open ocean.主干：What surprised the scientists was that…解析：what主语从句，that表语从句翻译：让科学家感到惊讶的是，这些小小的鸟儿可以飞跃数千英里开阔大洋。命题点：主表从句，细节推断
3.句子：They have learned that the birds will take shelter in quiet waters whenever heavy storms come along.主干：They have learned that…解析：that宾语从句；whenever时间状语从句翻译：他们了解到，每当大风暴来临，海鸟就会到平静水域躲避。命题点：宾语从句+时间状语，细节定位
2024 上海卷 阅读B
题材：成长叙事·跨文化交换经历
一、高频核心词20个
exchange n. 交换项目 abroad adv. 在海外 culture n. 文化 custom n. 习俗 awkward adj. 尴尬的 adjust v. 适应 host n. 接待方 misunderstanding n. 误解 communicate v. 交流 patience n. 耐心 respect v. 尊重 value v. 珍视 friendship n. 友谊 perspective n. 视角 global adj. 全球的 brave adj. 勇敢的 explore v. 探索 reflect v. 反思 enrich v. 丰富 journey n. 历程
二、同义替换8组
overseas ↔ abroad 在海外 get used to ↔ adjust 适应 mix-up ↔ misunderstanding 误解 point of view ↔ perspective 视角 think carefully ↔ reflect 反思 make richer ↔ enrich 丰富 tradition ↔ custom 习俗 regard highly ↔ respect 尊重
三、熟词生义6组
host n. 寄宿家庭（熟义：主人、主持人） awkward adj. 窘迫的（熟义：笨拙的） adjust v. 适应文化（熟义：调节） reflect v. 复盘反思（熟义：反射） perspective n. 看待世界的视角（熟义：透视） enrich v. 丰富阅历（熟义：使肥沃）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：At first, he often felt awkward because he knew little about the local customs and social rules.主干：he often felt awkward解析：because原因状语从句翻译：一开始他常常感到窘迫，因为他几乎不了解当地习俗与社交规则。命题点：因果逻辑，心理推断
2.句子：It took him months to realise that cultural differences do not mean one way is better than another.主干：It took him months to realise that…解析：it takes sb some time to do；that宾语从句翻译：他花了数月才明白，文化差异并不代表哪一种方式更加优越。命题点：宾语从句，主旨观点
3.句子：The friends he made abroad helped him build a broader perspective on different people and cultures.主干：The friends helped him build a broader perspective解析：定语从句he made abroad修饰friends翻译：他在海外结识的朋友，帮他建立起看待不同人群与文化的更广阔视角。命题点：定语从句，收获推断
2025 新高考I卷 阅读B
题材：温情叙事·祖孙园艺时光
一、高频核心词20个
garden n. 菜园，花园 seed n. 种子 sprout v. 发芽 tend v. 照料 harvest n. & v. 收获 wisdom n. 智慧 generation n. 一代人 pass v. 传递 patient adj. 有耐心的 seasonal adj. 随季节的 soil n. 土壤 sunshine n. 阳光 weed v. 除草 reward n. 回报 memory n. 回忆 cherish v. 珍藏 connect v. 联结 simple adj. 朴素的 lesson n. 启示 growth n. 生长，成长
二、同义替换8组
look after ↔ tend 照料 crop collection ↔ harvest 收获 knowledge ↔ wisdom 智慧 hand down ↔ pass on 传递 pull weeds ↔ weed 除草 treasure ↔ cherish 珍藏 link ↔ connect 联结 teaching ↔ lesson 启示
三、熟词生义6组
tend v. 打理植物（熟义：倾向于） sprout v. 发芽（熟义：冒出） harvest n. 收成（熟义：丰收） lesson n. 生活启示（熟义：课） growth n. 植物长势（熟义：成长） seasonal adj. 时令的（熟义：季节的）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：Every summer vacation, the grandson came to help his grandma tend vegetables and listen to her stories.主干：the grandson came to help his grandma tend vegetables and listen to her stories解析：and并列不定式翻译：每一年暑假，孙子都会过来帮奶奶打理蔬菜，听她讲故事。命题点：并列动作，细节时序
2.句子：Grandma told him that good things take time, just as seeds need water and sunshine before they sprout.主干：Grandma told him that…解析：that宾语从句；just as引导类比状语从句翻译：奶奶告诉他，美好的事物需要时间，就像种子发芽之前需要水和阳光。命题点：类比从句，道理推断
3.句子：The joy of harvest and the warm talks have become his most cherished childhood memories.主干：The joy and the warm talks have become his memories解析：并列主语翻译：收获的喜悦和温暖的闲谈，成了他最珍视的童年回忆。命题点：并列主语，情感主旨
2025 新高考II卷 阅读B
题材：人物故事·自行车信使重拾城市美好
一、高频核心词20个
courier n. 信使，投递员 bicycle n. 自行车 pavement n. 人行道 route n. 路线 notice v. 留意 hidden adj. 隐秘的 gem n. 宝藏，好去处 busy adj. 喧嚣忙碌的 pause v. 驻足 greet v. 问候 citizen n. 市民 rhythm n. 节奏 sight n. 景致 discover v. 发现 routine n. 每日行程 familiar adj. 熟悉的 fresh adj. 新鲜的 viewpoint n. 视角 appreciate v. 欣赏 urban adj. 城市的
二、同义替换8组
delivery worker ↔ courier 投递员 road ↔ route 路线 find ↔ discover 发现 stop briefly ↔ pause 驻足 say hello ↔ greet 问候 city ↔ urban 城市 well-known ↔ familiar 熟悉的 outlook ↔ viewpoint 视角
三、熟词生义6组
gem n. 小众好去处（熟义：宝石） routine n. 投递路线（熟义：惯例） sight n. 城市小景致（熟义：视力） fresh adj. 全新感受（熟义：新鲜） rhythm n. 城市脉搏（熟义：节奏） hidden adj. 不易发现的（熟义：隐藏）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：While most people rushed in cars, he rode slowly and watched the city from a different angle.主干：he rode slowly and watched the city解析：while对比状语从句翻译：当大多数人乘车匆匆赶路时，他缓慢骑行，从不一样的角度观察这座城市。命题点：while对比逻辑，人物特点
2.句子：He found that many beautiful little spots lay along the routes he travelled every working day.主干：He found that…解析：that宾语从句；定语从句he travelled修饰routes翻译：他发现，很多美丽的小众地点就分布在他工作日每天穿行的路线上。命题点：宾语从句+定语从句，细节定位
3.句子：What changed him was not the job itself, but the chance to slow down and observe carefully.主干：What changed him was not…but…解析：what主语从句，not…but…取舍结构翻译：改变他的不是这份工作本身，而是慢下来仔细观察的机会。命题点：主语从句，主旨理解
2025 全国乙卷 阅读B
题材：成长叙事·失败的演讲比赛
一、高频核心词20个
speech n. 演讲 stage n. 舞台 nervous adj. 紧张的 blank adj. 空白的 freeze v. 僵住 embarrass v. 使尴尬 disappointment n. 失望 analyse v. 分析 mistake n. 失误 prepare v. 准备 practise v. 演练 breathe v. 呼吸 accept v. 接纳 imperfect adj. 不完美的 courage n. 勇气 try n. 尝试 lesson n. 教训 recover v. 调整过来 confidence n. 自信 grow v. 成长
二、同义替换8组
feel tense ↔ nervous 紧张 go blank ↔ freeze 大脑空白、僵住 upset feeling ↔ disappointment 失落 look into ↔ analyse 分析 get ready ↔ prepare 准备 take a shot ↔ try 尝试 build up ↔ recover 调整恢复 gain self-belief ↔ confidence 建立自信
三、熟词生义6组
freeze v. 大脑僵住（熟义：结冰） blank adj. 头脑空白（熟义：空白的） stage n. 比赛舞台（熟义：阶段） lesson n. 挫折教训（熟义：课） accept v. 接纳失利（熟义：接受） recover v. 情绪平复（熟义：康复）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：When he stepped onto the stage, sudden fear made his mind go blank and he forgot all his lines.主干：sudden fear made his mind go blank and he forgot all his lines解析：when时间状语从句；make sb do翻译：当他走上舞台，突如其来的恐惧让他大脑一片空白，忘掉了所有台词。命题点：时间状语从句，细节过程
2.句子：Although he lost the competition, he refused to let this failure stop him from trying again.主干：he refused to let this failure stop him解析：although让步状语从句；stop sb from doing翻译：虽然输掉比赛，但他不愿让这次失败阻止自己再次尝试。命题点：让步从句，人物态度推断
3.句子：The most valuable thing he learned was that courage means acting even when you feel afraid.主干：The most valuable thing was that…解析：定语从句he learned修饰thing；that表语从句；when状语从句翻译：他学到最宝贵的道理是：勇气就是心怀恐惧依然行动。命题点：定语+表语从句，主旨感悟
2025 北京卷 阅读B
题材：志愿者故事·海边清理塑料垃圾
一、高频核心词20个
coastline n. 海岸线 plastic n. 塑料 litter n. 垃圾 collect v. 捡拾 tide n. 潮水 harm v. 伤害 marine adj. 海洋的 creature n. 生物 campaign n. 志愿活动 raise v. 提升（意识） awareness n. 意识 sort v. 分类 recycle v. 回收 effort n. 努力 team n. 小队 sweat n. 汗水 worthwhile adj. 值得的 difference n. 改变，影响 continue v. 坚持 protect v. 保护
二、同义替换8组
rubbish ↔ litter 垃圾 sea life ↔ marine creature 海洋生物 pick up ↔ collect 捡拾 call for action ↔ campaign 志愿行动 knowledge ↔ awareness 意识 separate ↔ sort 分类 make a change ↔ make a difference 带来改变 guard ↔ protect 保护
三、熟词生义6组
tide n. 海潮（熟义：趋势） campaign n. 公益活动（熟义：竞选） raise v. 唤起意识（熟义：举起；筹集） litter n. 散落废弃物（熟义：乱扔） difference n. 积极改变（熟义：差别） worthwhile adj. 有意义的（熟义：值得）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：Every month, a group of volunteers come to the beach to pick up plastic litter left by the tide.主干：a group of volunteers come to the beach解析：不定式to pick up作目的状语；过去分词left作后置定语翻译：每个月，一队志愿者来到海滩捡拾潮水留下的塑料垃圾。命题点：目的状语、后置定语，细节定位
2.句子：They hope that their work can remind visitors not to leave rubbish and respect the ocean.主干：They hope that…解析：that宾语从句；remind sb not to do翻译：他们希望自己的行动可以提醒游客不要遗留垃圾、敬畏海洋。命题点：宾语从句，活动目的
3.句子：Though a single clean-up seems small, many small efforts together can greatly protect the coastline.主干：many small efforts together can greatly protect the coastline解析：though让步状语从句翻译：单次清理看似微不足道，但无数微小的努力汇聚起来，可以极大地保护海岸线。命题点：让步逻辑，主旨观点
2026 全国一卷 阅读B
题材：个人经历·旧相机重拾摄影热爱
一、高频核心词20个
camera n. 相机 vintage adj. 复古的 click v. 按下快门 frame n. 取景框 film n. 胶卷 develop v. 冲洗（照片） wait v. 等待 expectation n. 期待 imperfect adj. 不完美的 charm n. 独特魅力 abandon v. 搁置，放弃 digital adj. 数码的 rush v. 仓促拍摄 slow v. 放慢 focus v. 专注 moment n. 瞬间 treasure v. 珍视 rediscover v. 重新发现 passion n. 热爱 memory n. 回忆
二、同义替换8组
old-style ↔ vintage 复古的 take a photo ↔ click the shutter 按下快门拍摄 process ↔ develop 冲洗胶卷 give up ↔ abandon 放弃、搁置 hurry ↔ rush 仓促 concentrate ↔ focus 专注 find again ↔ rediscover 重新发现 love ↔ passion 热爱
三、熟词生义6组
film n. 胶卷（熟义：电影） develop v. 冲洗相片（熟义：发展） frame n. 取景框（熟义：框架） click v. 按快门（熟义：点击） charm n. 瑕疵带来的韵味（熟义：魅力） expectation n. 对成片的期待（熟义：期望）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：Unlike digital cameras which show pictures at once, this old camera required him to wait days to see the result.主干：this old camera required him to wait days解析：which定语从句修饰digital cameras；unlike引导对比翻译：数码相机可以立刻看到照片，而这台老相机需要他等待数日才能看到成片。命题点：定语从句+对比，细节对比推断
2.句子：What attracted him most was the special charm carried by those slightly imperfect photos.主干：What attracted him most was the special charm解析：what主语从句；过去分词carried作后置定语翻译：最吸引他的，是那些略有瑕疵的照片自带的独特韵味。命题点：主语从句，审美观点
3.句子：Using the film camera forced him to slow down and pay more attention to the moments he wanted to record.主干：Using the film camera forced him to slow down and pay more attention解析：动名词作主语；定语从句he wanted to record修饰moments翻译：使用胶卷相机迫使他慢下来，更加用心对待自己想要记录的瞬间。命题点：动名词主语，因果推断
2026 全国二卷 阅读B
题材：温情叙事·帮小镇书店渡过难关
一、高频核心词20个
bookstore n. 书店 independent adj. 独立自营的 struggle v. 艰难维持 compete v. 竞争 online adj. 线上的 customer n. 顾客 campaign n. 支持活动 support v. 支持 donate v. 捐助 shelf n. 书架 warmth n. 温情 community n. 社区 gather v. 聚集 event n. 线下活动 author n. 作家 sign v. 签售 survive v. 存续 precious adj. 珍贵的 bond n. 联结 belong v. 归属
二、同义替换8组
fight to stay open ↔ struggle 艰难维持 take part in competition ↔ compete 竞争 shopper ↔ customer 顾客 back up ↔ support 支持 raise money ↔ donate 捐助 get together ↔ gather 聚集 stay in business ↔ survive 存续经营 valuable ↔ precious 珍贵的
三、熟词生义6组
independent adj. 独立自营（熟义：独立的） struggle v. 经营维艰（熟义：挣扎） sign v. 签书（熟义：签名） bond n. 邻里羁绊（熟义：纽带） belong v. 有归属感（熟义：属于） campaign n. 帮扶活动（熟义：运动）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：As online book sales grew fast, the small local bookstore began to struggle and faced the risk of closing.主干：the small local bookstore began to struggle and faced the risk解析：as引导原因状语从句翻译：随着线上图书销售快速增长，这家本地小书店经营艰难，面临关门风险。命题点：as原因从句，背景推断
2.句子：Many readers launched a campaign because they believed the bookstore was more than just a place to buy books.主干：Many readers launched a campaign解析：because原因状语从句；more than 不仅仅翻译：很多读者发起帮扶活动，因为他们相信这家书店远不止一个买书的地方。命题点：原因从句，观点理解
3.句子：The activities that they held brought neighbours together and strengthened the tie inside the whole community.主干：The activities brought neighbours together and strengthened the tie解析：that定语从句修饰activities翻译：他们举办的各类活动让邻里相聚，加固了整个社区的联结。命题点：定语从句，结果推断
2026 全国甲卷 阅读B
题材：成长故事·学习滑冰，直面摔倒
一、高频核心词20个
skate v. 滑冰 rink n. 冰场 slip v. 滑倒 fall n. & v. 摔倒 painful adj. 疼痛的 courage n. 勇气 balance n. 平衡 steady adj. 稳定的 practise v. 练习 coach n. 教练 instruction n. 指导 adjust v. 调整姿势 patience n. 耐心 progress n. 进步 cheer v. 鼓励 overcome v. 克服恐惧 fear n. 恐惧 steady adj. 平稳的 achievement n. 成就 lesson n. 启示
二、同义替换8组
lose balance ↔ slip 打滑失衡 hurtful ↔ painful 疼痛的 keep steady ↔ balance 保持平衡 teacher ↔ coach 教练 guidance ↔ instruction 指导 make changes ↔ adjust 调整 fright ↔ fear 恐惧 gain progress ↔ progress 取得进步
三、熟词生义6组
rink n. 滑冰场（熟义：溜冰场） fall n. 跌倒（熟义：秋天） steady adj. 身姿平稳（熟义：稳定） adjust v. 调整体态（熟义：调节） lesson n. 人生启示（熟义：课程） cheer v. 鼓劲（熟义：欢呼）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：He fell down many times during the first few weeks and almost decided to give up skating.主干：He fell down many times and almost decided to give up skating解析：and并列谓语翻译：最开始几周他摔了很多次，几乎决定放弃滑冰。命题点：并列动作，细节心理变化
2.句子：His coach told him that falling is part of learning and only those who keep trying finally master it.主干：His coach told him that…解析：that宾语从句；who定语从句修饰those翻译：教练告诉他，摔倒是学习的一部分，只有不断尝试的人才能最终掌握。命题点：宾语从句+定语从句，道理推断
3.句子：The real victory is not never falling, but being willing to stand up again after every fall.主干：The real victory is not…but…解析：not…but…取舍对比结构翻译：真正的胜利不是永不摔倒，而是每次跌倒之后愿意重新站起。命题点：对比结构，主旨句
2026 全国乙卷 阅读B
题材：人物叙事·徒步摄影师记录乡村变迁
一、高频核心词20个
wander v. 漫游行走 photograph v. 拍摄 rural adj. 乡村的 shift n. 变迁，变化 record v. 记录 preserve v. 留存 disappearing adj. 正在消失的 tradition n. 传统 dialogue n. 交谈 local n. 当地人 sincere adj. 真诚的 capture v. 捕捉画面 texture n. 质感 emotion n. 情感 journey n. 行程 documentary n. 纪实作品 value v. 珍视 memory n. 记忆 timeless adj. 永恒的 heritage n. 遗产
二、同义替换8组
walk around ↔ wander 漫游 change ↔ shift 变迁 keep safe ↔ preserve 留存保护 vanishing ↔ disappearing 消失的 talk ↔ dialogue 交谈 resident ↔ local 当地人 catch ↔ capture 捕捉画面 cultural treasure ↔ heritage 文化遗产
三、熟词生义6组
shift n. 时代变迁（熟义：转移） capture v. 抓拍人文画面（熟义：捕获） texture n. 乡土质感（熟义：纹理） local n. 当地村民（熟义：本地的） timeless adj. 不会随时间褪色的（熟义：无时间限制） documentary n. 纪实影像（熟义：纪录片）
四、长难句3句
1.句子：He spent years wandering across remote villages to take photos of old traditions that were slowly disappearing.主干：He spent years wandering across remote villages解析：不定式to take photos目的状语；that定语从句修饰traditions翻译：他花费数年走遍偏远村落，拍摄那些正在慢慢消失的古老传统。命题点：目的状语、定语从句，细节定位
2.句子：What he wanted to do was not just take beautiful pictures but keep a record of people’s real life.主干：What he wanted to do was not…but…解析：what主语从句；not…but…取舍结构翻译：他想做的不只是拍出好看的照片，而是记录人们真实的生活。命题点：主语从句，创作理念
3.句子：Through his photos, viewers can feel the quiet emotion hidden behind the great changes of the countryside.主干：viewers can feel the quiet emotion解析：hidden过去分词后置定语修饰emotion；through方式状语翻译：透过他的照片，观者能够感受到乡村巨大变迁背后那份沉静的情感。命题点：后置定语，情感推断
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