高中英语必备熟词生义200个

高中英语里有一类词，学生“明明认识”，考试却总丢分——这就是熟词生义。这类词看似简单，实则最容易被忽视，也最容易在完形、阅读和写作中拉开差距，熟词生义的难点不在“背不会”，而在“想不到”。它考查的不是词汇量的大小，而是对语境和词性转换的敏感度。同一个词，词性一变、搭配一变，意思就可能完全不同：charge 从“收费”变成“负责”，figure 从“数字”变成“人物”，practice 从“练习”变成“惯例”。这些用法在教材里零散出现，在试题中却高频复现，靠临时猜测很难稳定拿分。为此，推出了高中英语必备熟词生义200个（文末）。花点时间，必有收获。

admit  

熟义：v. 承认  

生义：v. 容纳  

例：The theatre only admits 1,000 people.

against  

熟义：prep. 反对  

生义：prep. 以……为背景；倚靠  

例：The picture looks good against the white wall.

alone  

熟义：adj./adv. 独自的  

生义：adv. 仅仅，只  

例：Money alone cannot bring happiness.

attend

熟义：v.参加

生义：v.照料，处理

例：The nurse attended to the patient's needs carefully.

argue  

熟义：v. 争吵  

生义：v. 论证，主张  

例：The scientist argued that climate change requires immediate action.

balance  

熟义：n. 平衡  

生义：n. 余额  

例：The balance in his savings account reached an all-time high.

bank  

熟义：n. 银行  

生义：v. 指望，依赖  

例：Don't bank on his promise.

bear  

熟义：n. 熊  

生义：v. 忍受；携带  

例：She couldn't bear the thought of leaving home.

bill  

熟义：n. 账单  

生义：n. 法案  

例：Congress passed the bill after a long debate.

board  

熟义：n. 木板  

生义：n. 董事会  

例：The board of directors decided to expand the business.

branch  

熟义：n. 树枝  

生义：n. 分支机构；学科分支  

例：The bank has a new branch in the city center.

bridge  

熟义：n. 桥  

生义：v. 弥合（差距）  

例：The program aims to bridge the gap between school and work.

brief  

熟义：adj. 简短的  

生义：v. 向……简要介绍  

例：The manager briefed the team on the new project.

capital  

熟义：n. 首都  

生义：n. 资本  

例：The company needs more capital to expand.

carry  

熟义：v. 携带  

生义：v. 刊登；销售  

例：The newspaper carried the story on its front page.

cause  

熟义：v. 引起  

生义：n. 事业  

例：She devoted herself to the cause of wildlife protection.

challenge  

熟义：n. 挑战  

生义：v. 质疑  

例：Several scientists challenged the findings of the study.

charge  

熟义：v. 收费  

生义：n. 负责；v. 充电  

例：Dr. Krauss is in charge of the Alberta hail project.

claim  

熟义：v. 声称  

生义：v. 夺去（生命）  

例：The hailstorm claimed dozens of lives in the region.

clear  

熟义：adj. 清楚的  

生义：v. 批准；清除  

例：The plane was cleared for takeoff after the storm passed.

concern  

熟义：n. 担忧  

生义：v. 涉及  

例：The report concerns the effects of climate change on agriculture.

condition  

熟义：n. 条件  

生义：v. 训练；n. 疾病  

例：Race walkers are conditioned athletes.

contain  

熟义：v. 包含  

生义：v. 控制，抑制  

例：She could hardly contain her excitement.

cover  

熟义：v. 覆盖  

生义：v. 报道；足以支付  

例：The journalist covered the whole event for the local newspaper.

drive  

熟义：v. 驾驶  

生义：v. 迫使  

例：Hunger drove her to steal a loaf of bread.

duty  

熟义：n. 责任  

生义：n. 税  

例：The government imposed a duty on imported cars.

edge  

熟义：n. 边缘  

生义：n. 优势  

例：The new system gives the company an edge over competitors.

employ  

熟义：v. 雇用  

生义：v. 使用  

例：The researchers employed a new method to analyze the data.

exercise  

熟义：n. 锻炼  

生义：v. 行使（权力）  

例：The government must exercise its power responsibly.

explore  

熟义：v. 探索  

生义：v. 探讨  

例：The book explores the relationship between buildings and their contexts.

figure  

熟义：n. 数字  

生义：n. 人物；v. 认为  

例：He is a key figure in the field of AI research.

ground  

熟义：n. 地面  

生义：n. 理由  

例：There is no ground for such a claim.

hit  

熟义：v. 击打  

生义：n. 热门作品  

例：The TV show became an overnight hit.

hold  

熟义：v. 握住  

生义：v. 容纳；认为  

例：The hall can hold up to 500 people.

lead  

熟义：v. 带领  

生义：n. 线索  

例：The police are following a new lead in the case.

lie  

熟义：v. 躺  

生义：v. 在于  

例：The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.

maintain  

熟义：v. 维持  

生义：v. 坚持认为  

例：He maintains that he was not at the scene.

measure  

熟义：v. 测量  

生义：n. 措施  

例：The government took measures to reduce pollution.

observe  

熟义：v. 观察  

生义：v. 遵守；评论  

例：All drivers must observe the traffic rules.

practice  

熟义：n. 练习  

生义：n. 惯例；实践  

例：It is common practice to tip in this country.

promise  

熟义：v. 承诺  

生义：n. 前途  

例：The young athlete shows great promise.

rest  

熟义：v. 休息  

生义：v. 取决于  

例：The decision rests with the committee.

sound  

熟义：n. 声音  

生义：adj. 合理的，稳妥的  

例：Through philosophy, one develops sound methods of research.

sustain  

熟义：v. 维持  

生义：v. 遭受（损耗）  

例：The exhibits in museums sustain natural decay over time.

熟词生义，说到底拼的不是“背了多少”，而是“读懂了没有”。真正要练的是那种“这个词我认识，但这里好像不是这个意思”的警觉。平时做阅读时，遇到按熟义读不通的句子，别急着跳过，停下来查一查、记一笔，慢慢就会发现，这类词翻来覆去考的就是那么一批。词汇的厚度，往往就藏在这些“看似认识”的词里。把熟词生义啃下来，完形少错两道、阅读少卡两处，分数就是这么一点点攒出来的。