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人教版高中英语必修一|期中考试必考核心语法

人教版高中英语必修一|期中考试必考核心语法
高一上期中重点,选择题、语法填空、短文改错、写作都会考,附带考点说明+例句,方便背诵刷题
一、定语从句(期中重中之重,分值最高)
关系代词:that / which / who / whom / whose
1. that:先行词是人/物,作主/宾语;
✅先行词被最高级、序数词、all, everything, the only修饰,只能用that
例:This is the most interesting book that I have read.
2. which:先行词是物,作主/宾语;非限制性定语从句只能用which
例:The house which stands there is mine.
3. who / whom:先行词是人;who作主语,whom作宾语
例:The girl who is standing there is my classmate.
4. whose:表“……的”,表所属,人/物都能用
例:The boy whose mother is a teacher is my deskmate.
小口诀:人用who/that,物用which/that;所属关系whose;逗号隔开不用that
关系副词:when / where / why
- when:先行词表时间,从句缺时间状语
- where:先行词表地点/抽象地点(situation, case),从句缺地点状语
- why:先行词reason,从句缺原因状语
二、动词时态(单选、语法填空高频)
必修一期中核心4种时态:
1. 一般现在时:客观真理、习惯、常态;客观真理永远一般现在时
2. 现在进行时 am/is/are doing:此刻正在做;现阶段正在进行(不一定此时此刻);表将来(位移动词:come/go/leave)
例:I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天要去北京
3. 现在完成时 have/has done【超级高频】
含义:①过去动作对现在造成影响;②动作从过去持续到现在
标志词:already, yet, since, for, so far, up to now
例:I have lived here for 3 years.
易错点:since+过去时间点;for+时间段
4. 一般过去时:过去特定时间发生,有明确过去时间状语(yesterday, last week)
区分:
✅现在完成:不谈过去具体时间,重点看现在结果
✅一般过去:有明确过去时间,只讲过去发生的事
三、非谓语动词(to do / doing / done,语法填空必考)
1. to do(不定式):表目的、将来;
常用搭配:want to do, decide to do, plan to do
2. doing(动名词/现在分词):主动、进行;介词后面一律+doing
enjoy doing, practice doing, be good at doing
3. done(过去分词):被动、完成
例:The book written by him is popular.(被写)
期中最简单判断口诀:
主动进行doing,被动完成done,目的将来to do
四、情态动词
必修重点:can/could, may/might, must, have to, should
1. can:能力、客观可能性;could是过去式,语气委婉
2. must:必须;mustn’t = 禁止(≠不必!)
3. have to:不得不(受外界条件逼迫)
易错考点:
- Must I…? 否定回答:No, you don’t have to. 不必(不能用mustn’t)
- should:应该,提建议
五、名词性从句(期中基础考察,难度中等)
引导词:that / whether / what
1. that:无含义,不作成分,只起连接作用
2. whether:是否(可放句首;or连用),不能换if
3. what:在从句做主/宾,翻译“……的东西/事情”
例:I don’t know what he likes.
六、主谓一致(短文改错、单选)
核心规则:
1. 单数主语,谓语单数;复数主语,谓语复数
2. together with / as well as:就远原则,谓语看前面主语
Tom, as well as his friends, likes music.
3. not only…but also;either…or:就近原则,谓语看靠近的主语
七、基础:冠词 a/an / the
- a +辅音开头;an+元音发音开头(不是元音字母!an hour)
- the:特指、独一无二、序数词、乐器前面加the
- 球类、三餐、零冠词:play basketball,have lunch
📌期中备考小提示
1. 分值排序:定语从句>时态(现在完成时)>非谓语>情态动词>主谓一致/冠词
2. 题型侧重:语法填空最爱考:时态、非谓语、定语从句引导词、冠词
3. 写作加分:定语从句、非谓语可以放进作文,直接提分
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