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初中英语必考语法学习手册 -词法篇—形容词与副词

初中英语必考语法学习手册 -词法篇—形容词与副词

初中英语必考语法学习手册

【第3章 形容词与副词】

一、核心定义形容词说明“什么样的”,修饰名词;副词说明“怎么样地”,修饰动词、形容词或另一个副词。

二、必考规则

  1. 位置(1)形容词作定语放在名词前:a beautiful flower(2)形容词作表语放在系动词后:be,look,feel,sound,taste,smell,become,get,turn,seem,keep,stay  The soup tastes good.(不能说 tastes well)(3)副词修饰实义动词时放在动词后:He runs fast.(4)频度副词放实义动词前、be 动词后:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,hardly,seldom  I often go swimming. / He is always late.

  2. 形容词变副词(1)一般直接加 ly:quick→quickly,slow→slowly(2)以辅音字母加 y 结尾,改 y 为 i 加 ly:happy→happily,easy→easily(3)以 le 结尾,去 e 加 y:terrible→terribly,simple→simply(4)以 ll 结尾直接加 y:full→fully(5)例外:friendly,lovely,lonely,likely,daily 都是形容词,不是副词

  3. 比较级与最高级(1)单音节和部分双音节:加 er / est  以 e 结尾直接加 r / st:nice→nicer→nicest  重读闭音节双写末尾字母:big→bigger→biggest,hot→hotter→hottest  辅音加 y 结尾改 i:happy→happier→happiest(2)多音节:more / most 加原级:more beautiful,most beautiful(3)不规则:good→better→best,bad→worse→worst,many/much→more→most,little→less→least,far→farther/further→farthest/furthest,old→older/elder→oldest/eldest(4)修饰比较级的词:much,far,a lot,a little,a bit,even,still,no,any  much better(不能说 very better)(5)句型  A + 比较级 + than + B:Tom is taller than Jim.  比较级 and 比较级:越来越……(taller and taller)  the + 比较级,the + 比较级:越……越……  the + 最高级 + in/of 范围:She is the tallest in her class.  as + 原级 + as:和……一样(as tall as)  not as / so + 原级 + as:不如……  the + 比较级 + of the two:两者中较……的(the taller of the two)(6)自身不能和自己比:Tom is taller than any other student in his class.

  4. -ing 与 -ed 形容词-ing 修饰“物”,让人觉得怎样:interesting,exciting,surprising,boring,tiring,relaxing,amazing-ed 修饰“人”,自己的感受:interested,excited,surprised,bored,tired,relaxed,amazedThe film is interesting. I am interested in it.

  5. 多个形容词排序限定词 + 大小 + 形状 + 新旧 + 颜色 + 国籍 + 材料 + 用途 + 名词a small old black wooden desk

三、典型例句He speaks English much more fluently than I do.This is the most interesting book I have ever read.The more you read, the more you know.I am really interested in science.She looks happy today.

四、背诵口诀形容词跟名词,副词跟动词,系动词后面放形容词。比较级和 than 是好朋友,最高级前面 the 要守候。修饰比较级:much、far、a lot、even、still、a bit。-ing 给物,-ed 给人。

五、易错坑提醒

  1. very 不能修饰比较级,要说 much better

  2. 系动词后一定用形容词:The music sounds beautiful.

  3. hardly 是“几乎不”,hard 才是“努力地”和“猛烈地”

  4. friendly、lovely 长得像副词,其实是形容词

  5. 最高级前一般要加 the,但副词最高级前的 the 可以省略

  6. good 的比较级是 better,不是 gooder

  7. 提醒别人“注意”是 Be careful,不是 Be carefully

六、自测5题

  1. Jim runs ________ (fast) than Tom.

  2. Of all the students in our class, Lily sings ________ (well).

  3. The soup tastes ________ (good). Would you like some?

  4. This book is very ________ (interest). I’m ________ (interest) in it.

  5. It’s ________ (real) cold today. Put on your coat.

答案

  1. faster(than 前的比较级)

  2. best(of all 范围用最高级,副词最高级前 the 可省)

  3. good(taste 是系动词,后面用形容词)

  4. interesting / interested(物用 -ing,人用 -ed)

  5. really(修饰形容词 cold,用副词)

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