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初中英语必考语法学习手册 -词法篇—形容词与副词
初中英语必考语法学习手册
【第3章 形容词与副词】
一、核心定义形容词说明“什么样的”,修饰名词;副词说明“怎么样地”,修饰动词、形容词或另一个副词。
二、必考规则
位置(1)形容词作定语放在名词前:a beautiful flower(2)形容词作表语放在系动词后:be,look,feel,sound,taste,smell,become,get,turn,seem,keep,stay The soup tastes good.(不能说 tastes well)(3)副词修饰实义动词时放在动词后:He runs fast.(4)频度副词放实义动词前、be 动词后:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,hardly,seldom I often go swimming. / He is always late.
形容词变副词(1)一般直接加 ly:quick→quickly,slow→slowly(2)以辅音字母加 y 结尾,改 y 为 i 加 ly:happy→happily,easy→easily(3)以 le 结尾,去 e 加 y:terrible→terribly,simple→simply(4)以 ll 结尾直接加 y:full→fully(5)例外:friendly,lovely,lonely,likely,daily 都是形容词,不是副词
比较级与最高级(1)单音节和部分双音节:加 er / est 以 e 结尾直接加 r / st:nice→nicer→nicest 重读闭音节双写末尾字母:big→bigger→biggest,hot→hotter→hottest 辅音加 y 结尾改 i:happy→happier→happiest(2)多音节:more / most 加原级:more beautiful,most beautiful(3)不规则:good→better→best,bad→worse→worst,many/much→more→most,little→less→least,far→farther/further→farthest/furthest,old→older/elder→oldest/eldest(4)修饰比较级的词:much,far,a lot,a little,a bit,even,still,no,any much better(不能说 very better)(5)句型 A + 比较级 + than + B:Tom is taller than Jim. 比较级 and 比较级:越来越……(taller and taller) the + 比较级,the + 比较级:越……越…… the + 最高级 + in/of 范围:She is the tallest in her class. as + 原级 + as:和……一样(as tall as) not as / so + 原级 + as:不如…… the + 比较级 + of the two:两者中较……的(the taller of the two)(6)自身不能和自己比:Tom is taller than any other student in his class.
-ing 与 -ed 形容词-ing 修饰“物”,让人觉得怎样:interesting,exciting,surprising,boring,tiring,relaxing,amazing-ed 修饰“人”,自己的感受:interested,excited,surprised,bored,tired,relaxed,amazedThe film is interesting. I am interested in it.
多个形容词排序限定词 + 大小 + 形状 + 新旧 + 颜色 + 国籍 + 材料 + 用途 + 名词a small old black wooden desk
三、典型例句He speaks English much more fluently than I do.This is the most interesting book I have ever read.The more you read, the more you know.I am really interested in science.She looks happy today.
四、背诵口诀形容词跟名词,副词跟动词,系动词后面放形容词。比较级和 than 是好朋友,最高级前面 the 要守候。修饰比较级:much、far、a lot、even、still、a bit。-ing 给物,-ed 给人。
五、易错坑提醒
very 不能修饰比较级,要说 much better
系动词后一定用形容词:The music sounds beautiful.
hardly 是“几乎不”,hard 才是“努力地”和“猛烈地”
friendly、lovely 长得像副词,其实是形容词
最高级前一般要加 the,但副词最高级前的 the 可以省略
good 的比较级是 better,不是 gooder
提醒别人“注意”是 Be careful,不是 Be carefully
六、自测5题
Jim runs ________ (fast) than Tom.
Of all the students in our class, Lily sings ________ (well).
The soup tastes ________ (good). Would you like some?
This book is very ________ (interest). I’m ________ (interest) in it.
It’s ________ (real) cold today. Put on your coat.
答案
faster(than 前的比较级)
best(of all 范围用最高级,副词最高级前 the 可省)
good(taste 是系动词,后面用形容词)
interesting / interested(物用 -ing,人用 -ed)
really(修饰形容词 cold,用副词)
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