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理 论 精 讲 - 句 法 4
▹ 讲师：慕伊
更多干货关注 粉笔教师教育 粉笔教师温故知新 状语从句
1.时间状从：可以充当连词的副词：______________
2.时态：Hardly/Scarcely/No sooner+ _______..., when/when/than+ _______....
3.主将从现：______从句和______从句
4.让步状从：可以倒装的连词：__________第 三 节
特殊句式PART 01
虚拟语气
subjunctive mood考点
用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想， 而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
试比较
① If it rains tomorrow, I will cancel the date with my girlfriend.
② If I won the lottery of 5 million dollars, I would buy a big villa for my girlfriend.考点：动词的特殊形式
1. 与if相关
2. 与愿望、建议、要求、命令等相关
虚拟语气 3.“要是……就好了/ 好像”
4. 其他形式if引导的非真实条件句
错综时间条件句
（一）与if相关
省略if
代替if1. if 引导的非真实条件句
从句谓语 主句谓语
If+主语+had done 主语+should /would /could /might+ have done
与过去事实
相反
与现在事实 If+主语+did（were） 主语+should /would /could /might+ do
相反
If+主语+did(were)
与将来事实 If+主语+were to +do 主语+should /would /could /might + do
相反的假设 If+主语+should+do
would（会，将会）
【例 1】If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.
could（能够，可以）
【例 2】If I had got up early, I wouldn’t have been late. should（应该）
might（可能）
【例 3】If we were to be 200 years old, we could change everything.—How do you like the party?
—Wonderful. If you had come with us, you ________ a good time.
A. had
B. had had
C. would have
D. would have had【 下高中】
2014 She doesn't want to work right now because she thinks that if she ____a job
she probably wouldn't be able to visit her friends very often.
A. has to get
B. were to get
C. had got
D. could have gotif引导的非真实条件句
错综时间条件句
（一）与if相关
省略if
代替if2. 错综时间条件句
从句谓语 主句谓语
与过去事实相反 If+主语+had done 主语+should /would /could /might+ have done
与现在事实相反 If+主语+did（were）主语+should /would /could /might+ do
If+主语+did(were)
与将来事实相反的
If+主语+should+do 主语+should /would /could /might + do
假设
If+主语+were to +do
1.你当初要是听我的，现在就不会失业了。
If you had listened to me before, you would not lose your job now.
【例】If we had started earlier, we would catch the first train.if引导的非真实条件句
错综时间条件句
（一）与if相关
省略if
代替if3.省略 if的条件句
如果条件从句中包含有 were, had, should， 有时可把 if 省略掉， 把 were, had, should
放在主语前， 变成倒装句式。
“伊芙靠边，我好帅组合来了”
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
→Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
If he should ignore your pain, you should break up with him.
→______________________________________
If it weren't for the rain, I would go hiking now.
→_____________________________________________.【2017下初中】1._______ ministers decide to instigate an inquiry, we _______ welcome it.
A. Should; would
B. Suppose; could
C. If; would
D. Would; will【2018下高中】2._____they to cut down the cost of advertising, the cost of production
_____significantly fall.
A. Are; will
B. Were; shall
C. Are; should
D. Were; would【巩固提升】1. Had it not been for your help, we ________ so much in our work.
A. would not have achieved
B. would not achieve
C. would have achieved
D. would achieveif引导的非真实条件句
错综时间条件句
（一）与if相关
省略if
代替if4.代替if的条件句（含蓄虚拟条件句)
介词或介词短语without/but for等 +名词结构代替if条件句表示的虚拟语气。
不同的情况 主句谓语
对过去事实的虚拟 should /would /could /might+ have done
对现在事实的虚拟 should /would /could /might+ do
对将来事实的虚拟 should /would /could /might+ do
But for your help（If I had not had your help）, I could not sit here and prepare for my
mid-term examination.【巩固提升】2. But for the leadership of our Party and our Government, we ________
these splendid results.
A. have achieved
B. shouldn’t have achieved
C. should have achieved
D. would achieveREVIEW
从句谓语 主句谓语
与过去事实相反
If+主语+ 主语+should /would /could /might+
与现在事实相反
If+主语+ 主语+should /would /could /might+
If+主语+
与将来事实相反的
If+主语+ 主语+should /would /could /might+
假设
If+主语+宾语从句
（二） 与愿望、建议、
主语从句
要求、命令等相关
(should) do 表语或同位语从句(should) + do
在一些表示建议、愿望、要求、请求、劝告、意志、欲望、命令、安排、决定等的动词的宾
语从句中，要用虚拟语气。
ask, require, request, demand, pray, insist, desire, maintain, propose, suggest, move, urge,
advise, recommend, command, order, arrange, decide...
1坚持（要求） insist
2命令 command, order,
She demanded (that) the paper (should) be rewritten. 3建议 advise, suggest, propose
4要求 demand, ask, require, request
He insisted (that) the meeting (should) be put off.
They proposed (that) all the plans (should) be discussed at the meeting.NOTICE
如 suggest 用于其本意“ 暗示、 表明”, insist 表示 “ 坚持认为”时， 使用陈述语气。
1.The evidence suggests that single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers.
2.He insisted that she was seriously ill .【巩固提升】4. The teacher insisted that we ________ our homework before 9 o’clock.
A. finished
B. had finished
C. finish
D. was finishing(should) + do
在 It is +表示要求、 建议、 必要、 命令等意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中用虚拟语气。
分词:( 建议） proposed， suggested， advised， recommended
（ 请求） demanded， required， requested
（ 愿望） desired， decided， insisted
（ 命令） ordered， commanded
形容词： advisable，desirable, preferable, better, incredible
essential, important, necessary, urgent
“好奇自然可能重要”
possible, probable,
natural
strange；（should可译为“竟然”）
也可以是名词： it is a pity, it is a wonder, it is a shame（should可译为“竟然”）高频考点2 与should相关的虚拟语气
1.It's necessary that we (should) start to do the work right away.
2.It's urgent that we (should) send for a doctor at once.
3.It is a pity that she (should) call black white.
4.It is requested that students (should) return the books to the library before they are overdue.3.
(should) + do
在一些表示愿望、 建议、 要求、 命令等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句后， 谓语动词
要用虚拟语气。
这类名词有： advice, decision, idea, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, suggestion, opinion,
requirement, direction, policy：
1. My opinion is that we (should) stay at home and study during this special period.
2. He made the request that the problem (should) be settled at once.【2022上初中】It is necessary that he ______ the assignment without delay.
A. hand in
B. hands in
C. must hand in
D. has to hand in【巩固提升】3. It’s a pity that she ________ so careless in the final exam.
A. should be
B. shouldn’t be
C. is
D. was（三） 表示“要是...就好了/好像”
1. wish +宾语从句：“多希望...；要是...就好了”
2. if only 表示愿望 ：“要是...就好了”
3. as if 或 as though +从句：“仿佛，好像”
不同情况 谓语
与过去事实相反 had done
与现在事实相反 did (be动词用were)
与将来事实相反 would/could + do
ü I wish I had not failed the chemistry examination.
ü If only I could become thin tomorrow.
ü He speaks as if he were the manager.（四） 虚拟语气的其他形式
1. would rather/had rather/would sooner/would just as soon/would prefer + 宾语从句
2. lt’s (high/about) time + 从句
3. lest/for fear (that)/in case 引导的状语从句
4. had + expected/hoped/supposed, etc.引导的宾语从句1. would rather/ had rather/would sooner/would just as soon/would prefer+宾语从句
“宁愿...”
从句谓语
与过去事实相反 had done
与现在事实相反
did（ be 动词一般用 were）
与将来事实相反
【例1 】I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.
【例2】I’d rather you went tomorrow(now).
注意：I would rather go there tomorrow.
He would rather not stay at home tonight.2.It’s (high/ about) time +从句
含义 从句谓语
表示是应该做某事的时候了 did 或 should + do （should 不可省）
It’s (high/about) time (that) we went to bed.
3.lest/ for fear (that)/ in case 引导的状语从句,表示担心、 忧虑 （should)+do：
I'm telling you this lest you (should) doubt my sincerity.
Julia had to go on a diet for fear that she (should) lose her job as a model.
4. had +expected/ hoped/ supposed, etc 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气would + do， 表示过
去未能实现的愿望：
He had hoped that he would do better in his work.【巩固提升】5. We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her
choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay
B. has stayed
C. stayed
D. stay
