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年 全 国 教 师 资 格
2 0 2 4
理 论 精 讲 -句 法 1
讲师：李婉君
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有 条 件看 直 播；没 时 间 看 录 播（照顾大 多 数）
有 问 题记 住 页 码，课中 、课后 统一 答 疑
PPT
每 节 课 分 钟（中 间 休 息 分 钟）
120 10定语从句
三 大 从句
名词性从句
状语从句
句 法 节
6
虚拟语气
倒装句
特 殊句 式
强调句
省略句法基本知识
Syntax基本成分简单记：
主语（ ）：动作的发出者
1. subject
谓语（ ）：动作
2. predicate
•
I can’t decide what to wear. 当无法判断两个成分是宾语+宾语or
宾语+宾补时，可在两个成分之间加
•
Don’t look at me.
be（或不加），合理则为宾补；不
宾语（ ）：动作的承受者
3. object
合理则为双宾。
•
I will teach you a lesson.
宾补（ ）：对宾语的补充。宾补和宾语之间通常具有逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。
4. object complement
•
You make me happy. VS The teacher made me clean the classroom.
•
I sent you a dog.
表语（ ）：系动词之后的成分（是什么、怎么样、介词短语）
5. predicative五 大 基 本 句 型 ：（简 单 句 ）三 大 句 子 类 型
简单句：
He broke my heart.
I cried.
并列句：简单句 并列连词 简单句
+ + He broke my heart and I cried.
复合句：主句 从属连词 从句：
+ + This is the reason why I cried.定 语 从 句
Attributive clause定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句
先行词 关系词
This is a humorous actor that is fantastically handsome.
He who presented wonderful performances for us is my favorite character.
先行词 关系词定 语 从句 考 点限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 代 词
先行词 主语 宾语 表语 定语
人
物限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 代 词
先行词 从句缺主语
人 who/that He is the man who/that lives next door.
物 which/that The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 代 词
先行词 从句缺宾语
人 that/who/whom/不填 The man that/who/whom/不填we have just seen is a famous writer.
物 that/which/不填 Where is the book that/which/不填 I bought last week?勤学 勤练
1. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village ________ he visited five years ago.
A. where B. who C. that D. whom
2. I have finished all the homework _________ my teachers assigned.
A. whom B. whose
C. who D. that限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 代 词
先行词 从句缺表语
人
He is no longer the man that/不填 he used to be.
that/不填
物
This is no longer the dirty place that/不填 it used to be.限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 代 词
先行词 从句缺定语
人
He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
whose
物
It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注意 ：
1 whose+n. = the + n. + of which/of whom = of which/of whom + the + n.
【例1】They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.
= They came to a house the back wall of which had broken down.
= of which the back wall
【例2】He is the man the name of whom I’ve completely forgotten.
= He is the man I’ve completely forgotten.
= .勤学 勤练
1. Look out! Don't get too close to the house __________ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which
C. of which D. of whom the
2. There are many people ___________ online activity is sending and receiving e-mails.
A. who B. whose
C. which D. that关 系 代 词 总 结
先行词 主语 宾语 表语 定语
人
不填
that/who that/who/whom/
不填
that/ whose
物
不填
that/which that/which/限 制性 定 语 从句 —关 系 副 词
从句需要状语
when：表“时间” I still remember the time when I first became a college student.
where：表“地点” This is the hotel where they are staying.
why：表“原因” That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.注意 ：当 表示 特定的 时
2 occasion “ a particular time or instance of an event( )
刻 时，定语从句引导词用 ：
” when
【例】
Describe an occasion when you had to give up some important things.
注意 ：当 阶段 ，等词作先行词表
3 point, situation,position, case, condition, stage( )
示 情况，境地，场合 等意思时，定语从句引导词用 ：
“ ” where
【例】
We were put into a position where we had either to accept we were
less important, or fight the government.勤学 勤练
1. - And what have you got to say? -There is one point ______ I’d like your advice.
A. which B. what
C. where D. that
2. We have entered into an age ____________ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what
C. when D. that（ ）使用关系副词的注意事项：
3
①三个关系副词在意义上都相当于“介词 ”结构。
+ which
【例 】
1 I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
【例 】
2 The office where (= at which) he works is on the third floor.
【例 】
3 This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
【识记指导】
介词后只能用 ，不能用 。
• which that
介词根据动词与先行词的搭配来选择。
•【拓展延申 】
• 介词 关系代词 引导定语从句时，关系代词常用 （指物）或 （指人），即 介词
“ + ” which whom “
。
+which/whom”
当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词 或 不能省略。
a. which whom
【例】
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person, to whom she could turn for help.
名词 代词 介词 关系代词 结构。
b. “ / + + ”
此类结构常见的有 等。
some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most of +which/whom
【例】
Here are the questions, some of which I think are difficult for you.勤学 勤练
1. The foreign guests, ______ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of them B. most of which
C. most of whom D. most of those
2. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most
______ were from Germany.
A. of which B. of them
C. of whom D. of those• 关系代词前介词的确定。
依据定语从句中动词的某种固定搭配来确定。
a.
【例】
I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.
根据所表达的意思来确定。
b.
【例】
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is oxygen.②当先行词是表时间的 等和表地点的 等时，一定要注意分析关系词在从
time, day place, house
句中所充当的成分。
【例 】
1 I’ll never forget the day __________ my hometown was liberated.
【例 】
2 I’ll never forget the days __________ we spent together last summer.
【例 】
3 His father works in a factory __________ radio parts are made.
【例 】
4 His father works in a factory __________ makes radio parts.关系副词
关系代词
先行词
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语
人
不填
that/who that/who/whom/ when
物
不填
that/ whose where
不填
that/which that/which/
why非限制性定语从句关系词
2.
Ø 不能用 和 引导
that why
Ø 不能省略
非限制性定语从句：
This is our teacher, who is very patient and gentle.
关系代词 关系副词
先行词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语
人 不填
that/who that/who/whom/ when
不填
that/ whose where
物 不填
that/which that/which/
why非 限 制性 定 语 从句 VS. 限 制性 定 语 从句 的 区 别
限制性定语从句：与主句关系密切：去掉后，主句意思不完整
The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句：与主句的关系不密切：附加说明
His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
限制性定语从句：先行词是名词、代词
非限制定语从句：先行词是名词、代词、整个句子
The meeting was put off, which gave us more time to prepare.勤学 勤练
1. Louise had heart disease, _________ made it difficult for her to work, even as a young
woman.
A. that B. as C. what D. which
2. Wang Gang is considering buying a computer, __________ is considered to be a great help
in our work and study.
A. / B. which C. that D. what（二）关系词的特殊用法
(1) 只用that的情况
区别1：that与which/who/whom的区别
(2) 只用which/whom/whom的情况
(1) 在限制性定语从句中
区别2：as与which的区别
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
2组区别
1个固定
固定：先行词是the way 关系词用 that 或 in which 或 省略区别一： 与 的用法区别
that which, who, whom
只用 的情况：
(1) that
• 先行词为不定代词，或被不定代词修饰时：包括：all, any, some, much, few, little, no... （+thing）
【例1】Everything that you want is here.
【例2】All the books that you offered have been given out.
• 先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
【例3】This is the best film that I have ever seen.
• 先行词既指人又指物时
【例4】We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
不定、序数和最高
• 先行词指物且被 the only, the very 修饰时
有人有物、怕重复
【例5】This is the only book that he has.
、
the only the very
• 句中已经有 who 或 which，为了避免重复时
【例6】Who is the man that is making a speech?勤学 勤练
1. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily life may be inspirations for great
inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
2. Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things ______ upset us.
A. who B. that C. which D. as区别一： 与 的用法区别
that which, who, whom
（ ）只用 的情况
2 which, who, whom
• 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which 指代物，用 who/whom 指人
【例】He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
• 在 由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用 which 指物，whom 指人
【例】I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
• 先行词本身是 that/those，指物时，关系词用 which；
先行词为 those, one, he，指人时，多用 who
【例1】What's that which flashed in the sky just now?
【例2】Those who respect others are usually respected by others.勤学 勤练
1. —The singer __________comes from USA is called Bob.
—I know. The most popular song __________was sung by him was on the CCTV show last night.
A．who; which B．who; that C．that; which D．whom; that
2. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn区别二： 与 的区别
as which
1. 限制性定语从句：名词前有such, so, as, the same修饰时，关系代词用as。
【例】He is not such a fool as he looks.
2. 非限制性定语从句：位置上：as 可前可后，which只能置后
含义上：as有“正如，就像”之意，which没有。
u They won the game, _________ we had expected.
u They won the game, ________ we hadn't expected.
u _________ we had expected, they won the game.勤学 勤练
1. My grandfather lived in a big house, in front of ______ stood a big tall tree.
A. where B. that C. which D. in which
2. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.
A. that B. as C. which D. who固定用法：先行词是
the way
• 先行词是 意为 方式， 方法 时，且关系词在从句中作状语时， 引导定语从句的关
the way, “ ”
系词用 或省略
that/in which
• 【例】 ×
I didn't like the way (that / in which / ) she talked to me.
eg: I don’t like the way ________ is very ridiculous.整 体 回 顾巩 固 提 升
1. —Is that the small town you often refer to?
—Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
2. The best way to make a kid be independent is to put him in a position ________ he has
no one else to ask for help.
A. that B. what C. where D. which巩 固 提 升
3. The earthquake broke out on a day ________ my father left for America, a day ________ I
would never forget.
A. that; when B. when; when C. that; which D. when; that
4. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
