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年 全 国 教 师 资 格
2 0 2 4
理 论 精 讲 -词 法 1
讲师：李婉君
更多干货关注 粉笔教师教育 粉笔教师第 二 章
词 法 知 识名 词
NounP33P33
一 、名 词 的分 类不 规则名 词 的复 数形式 补 充
规则 例子
改变名词中的元音字母或其
man—men, woman—women, foot—feet, goose—geese, mouse—mice
他形式
单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, species, offspring
只有复数形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses
一些集体名词总是用作复数 people, police, cattle, staff
主 谓一 致
部分集体名词既可以作单数
audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government,
（整体），也可以作复数
population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
（成员）
customs ( 海关 ), forces ( 军队 ), times ( 时代 ), spirits ( 情绪 ), drinks
复数形式表示特别含义 ( 饮料 ), sands ( 沙滩 ), papers ( 文件，报纸 ), manners ( 礼貌 ), looks ( 外
表 ), brains ( 头脑，智力 ), greens ( 青菜 ), ruins ( 废墟 )P36
• 【巩固提升3】In fact, ________ one cause that leads to the problem.
A. cattle is B. cattle are
C. cattles are D. the cattles areP34
二 、名 词 所 有 格类 所 有 格 构成
1. 's —
P34类 所 有 格 用 法
1. 's —
P34类 所 有 格
2. of
P35双重 所 有 格
3.
P35
1. 形式
① of+名词所有格
a friend of my brother’s（我哥哥众多朋友中的其中一个朋友）
② of+名词物主代词
a necklace of yours（你众多项链中的其中一条项链）
2. 特 征
① of 前 n. 泛指，无the [a(n)，any, some, no, few, several]
This is a book of my father’s.
不能说：the play of Shakespeare’s
② of 后 n. 特指，仅表人
“前泛后特人”
some books of my brother’s
不能说：a cover of the book’s（X）• 【巩固提升1】The ________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off
before they got into ________ car.
A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Toms’ C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’
• If you want to buy bread, you’d better go to _____.
A. the baker B. the baker’s C. a baker’s D. the bakers’P35
三 、名 词 作定 语补 充
• 如果有连字符 直接用单数即可。
“-”,
a two-year contract & a ten-mile walk
• 无连字符 名词需要变成其相对应的单复数形式。
“-”,
a one year’s contract & a two years' contract• 【巩固提升2】Excuse me, can you change this ________ for me?
A. five-pound note B. five pound note
C. five-pound notes D. five pounds notes整 体 回 顾P36
冠 词
Article了解即可
• 冠 词 是 一 种虚 词 ，用 在 名 词 或 名 词 词 组的前 面 。冠 词 的用 法 分 为
不 定 冠 词 、定 冠 词 和零 冠 词 。冠 词 的表 意功 能可 以归 纳为 两 种，
即泛 指 和特 指 。
• 泛 指 ：不 定 冠 词 零 冠 词
a, an/
• 特 指 定 冠 词
: the一 、不 定 冠 词
P37
We earn eighty yuan a day.
We are paid by the day.
a difficulty 一件难事
a success 一件成功的事
a failure 一件失败的事
a surprise 一件惊奇的事
a relief 一种宽慰二 、定 冠 词
(the)
P37二 、定 冠 词
(the)
P37
软的部位（ ）
in+ stomach, face, eyes..
硬的部位
on+ (head, back, shoulder)三 、零 冠 词
Lincoln was made president of America.P39
• 【巩固提升】1. —Have you heard of North Korea’s rocket launch?
—Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to me.
A. the; a B. the; the C. a; a D. a; the
• 【巩固提升】2. ________ operation was very successful indeed, which was _______ comfort to
the concerned mother.
A. The; / B. An; the C. An; a D. The; aP39
• 【巩固提升】3. Mr. Brown, ________ chairman of the trade union, will visit our factory in
________ month of May.
A. /; the B. a; the C. the; / D. the; the
• 【巩固提升】4. What ________ relief! It almost took us five years to pay back all the money we
borrowed from the bank. Now we are out of ________ debt.
A. a; / B. a; the C. the; a D. /; /整 体 回 顾P39
代 词
Pronoun一 、代词 的分 类 （ 类 ）
8
了解即可 P40
分类 单词
人称代词 主格：I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格：me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
形容词性：my, your, his, her, its, our, their
物主代词
名词性：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours
反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, same
疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
one/some/any, each/every, none/no, many/much, few/little/a few/a little...
不定代词
other/another, all/both, neither/either...
复合不定代词 some, any, every, no 都能和 one, body, thing 一起构成复合不定代词（一 ） 的用 法
it P40
用法 举例
1. 代替上文提到的一件事物 My book is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
2. 代替指示代词 this, that ---What’s this? ---It’s a car.
3. 指代时间、季节 It is spring.
In Britain it is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in
4. 指代气候、天气、温度、 自然环境等
summer.
5. 指代距离 It’s 4 kilometers from my home to the farm.
6. 指代不明性别的婴儿 ---Who’s the baby in the photo? ---It’s me.
7. 指代远处的人或者敲门者 等不能确定对方身份的人 Open the door, please. It may be the police.
8. 作形式主语 It’s not easy to get him to change his mind.
9. 作形式宾语 She found it difficult to get along with him.
10. 用于强调结构 It was he who bought a shirt at this shop yesterday.
11.某些及物动词（like, love, enjoy, prefer, hate, appreciate
I’d appreciate it if you could drop in tonight.
等）之后【2018上初中】We don’ t think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much
memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. itP41
（二 ）不 定 代词 的用 法 比较
•
another, other, the other,others, the others
•
both, all, either, any, neither , noneanother, other, the other,others, the others
one another
泛指 特指
单数 another (三者以上) the other（前提是二） one the other
others the others（前提是二）
复数
=other+名复/UN =the other+名词复数
some others
Ø I don't like this shirt, please show me another (one).
Ø I spend half of my holiday practicing English and the other half
the
some
learning drawing.
others
Ø Some students like football, while others like basketball.
Ø Two boys will go to the zoo and the others will stay at home.【巩固提升】1. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot
against ________.
A. another B. the other C. other D. eitherboth, all, either, any, neither , none
P42
都 任何一个 都不
两者 both either neither
三者（以上） all any none
①
Both of my parents are teachers. & All of the books are written in English.
②
Both of us are not teachers. = Not both of us are teachers.
All of the books are not written in English. = Not all of the books are written in English.
③
Either of us is a teacher.
④
Neither of us is a teacher.【巩固提升】3. There are many choices to make in life but ________ of them is more important
than what goes on in your heart.
A. neither B. nothing C. none D. no one三 、固 定 结 构
P42
nothing less than 不亚于，完全的 It was nothing less than a miracle.
仅仅，不过是
nothing more than He is nothing more than a dreamer.
anything but 根本不是，一点不是
I have anything but money.
nothing but 仅仅，只 I have nothing but money.【巩固提升】2. The book is ________ but boring; it is, in fact, rather exciting and fascinating.
A. anything B. nothing C. something D. all整 体 回 顾
