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• 可接 动词和 动词； 只能接 动词； 翻译为：
when __________ __________ while __________ as __________
• 置于句首时，其后要进行
hardly/scarcely/no sooner __________
•
hardly/scarcely/no sooner + __________ ..., when/when/than + __________ ...
• 引导让步状语从句 ； ；
although __________ though__________ as__________
• ， 不能与 连用，但可以与 连用
although though __________ __________
• 疑问词只能引导 ；疑问词 可以引导 和
no matter + __________ +ever __________ __________
• 意为 ， （ ）意为 ， 意为
in case __________ for fear that __________ lest __________
• 意为 意为
on condition that __________, supposing __________
• 意为 ， 意为 ， （ ）意为
in that __________ now that __________ considering/seeing that __________虚 拟 语 气
subjunctive mood什 么 是 虚 拟语 气 ？
• 用 来 表 示说话 人 的主 观愿望或 假想， 而 不 表 示客 观存 在 的事 实 。
• 虚 拟语 气 通过谓语 动词的特 殊形式 来 表 示。 考点
•
If I were you, I would go to look for him.考 点 ：动词 的特 殊形式
与 相关
1. if
与愿望、建议、要求、命令等相关
2.
虚 拟语 气
要是 就好了 好像
3.“ …… / ”
其他形式
4.引导的非真实条件句
if
错综时间条件句
与 相关
1. if
省略if
代替if• 引 导 的 条 件 状 语 从 句 （ 非 真 实 ）
i f
从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事实相反 If+主语+did 主语+ could /should /might /would + do
If+主语+had done 主语+ could /should /might /would + have done
与过去事实相反
If+主语+did
If+主语+were to +do 主语+ could /should /might /would + do
与将来事实相反
If+主语+should+do
（能够，可以）
could
（应该）
should
（可能）
might
（会，将会）
would从句谓语 主句谓语
If+主语+did
与现在事实相反 主语+could /should /might /would+ do
（be动词用were）
• 【例 】
1 If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.
•
If you were a panda, everybody would love you.
• 是 买
If we ( ) billionaires, we _____________ ( ) anything we like now.从句谓语 主句谓语
与过去事实相反 If+主语+had done 主语+could /should /might /would+ have done
• 【例 】
2 If I had got up early, I wouldn’t have been late.
•
If he had had her number, he would have called her.
• （没结婚） 可能没有
If we , we ( ) a child last year.从句谓语 主句谓语
If+主语+did
If+主语+should+do 主语+could /should /might /would + do
与将来事实相反
If+主语+were to +do
• 【例 】
3 If the students should study hard next semester, they would get a better grade.
•
If you should get/got/were to get a full score tomorrow, I would give you a billion dollars.
• 出现 就嫁给他
If he ( ) tomorrow, I ( ) him.即时 回 顾
从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事实相反
If+主语+__________ 主语+could /should /might /would+________
与过去事实相反
If+主语+__________ 主语+could /should /might /would+________
与将来事实相反
If+主语+__________
主语+could /should /might /would+________
If+主语+__________
If+主语+__________勤学 勤练
• 【2014下高中】She doesn't want to work right now because she thinks that if she _______ a
job she probably wouldn't be able to visit her friends very often.
A. has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got
• --- How do you like the party?
--- Wonderful. If you had come with us, you ________ a good time.
A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had引导的非真实条件句
if
错综时间条件句
与 相关
1. if
省略if
代替if• 错 综 时 间 条 件 句
从句谓语 主句谓语
与现在事实相反 If+主语+did 主语+could /should /might /would+ do
与过去事实相反 If+主语+had done 主语+could /should /might /would+ have done
If+主语+should+do
与将来事实相反 If+主语+did 主语+could /should /might /would + do
If+主语+were to +do
• 你当初要是听我的，现在就不会失业了。
If you had listened to me before, you would not lose your job now.
• 【例】
If we had started earlier, we would catch the first train.1. 如果我是你，这房我十年前就会买了。
If I you, I the house 10 years ago.
2. 要是你以前努力学习，现在应该能找到更好的工作吧。
If you hard before, you a much better job now.
EXERCISE
1. If you _____to the doctor's advice, you____better now.
A. had listened; would be B. had listened; would have been
C. would have listened; had been D. would listen; would have been引导的非真实条件句
if
错综时间条件句
与 相关
1. if
省略
if
代替if如果条件从句中包含有
had, were, should
，有时可把if省略掉，
省 略 i f
把 放在主语前，变成倒装句式。
had, were, should
“衣服”没了，还得我说。
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
→Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
If it weren't for the rain, I would be going hiking now.
→______________________________________勤学 勤练
• 【巩固提升1】Had it not been for your help, we ________ so much in our work.
A. would not have achieved B. would not achieve
C. would have achieved D. would achieve
• 【2018下·高中】__________ they to cut down the cost of advertising, the cost of production
___________ significantly fall.
A. Are; will B. Were; shall C. Are; should D. Were; would引导的非真实条件句
if
错综时间条件句
与 相关
1. if
省略
if
代替
if• 代替 含 蓄 条 件句
if: ( )
介词或介词短语without/but for等 +名词结构代替if条件句表示的虚拟语气。
不同的情况 主句谓语
对过去事实的虚拟 should /would /could /might+ have done
对现在事实的虚拟 should /would /could /might+ do
对将来事实的虚拟 should /would /could /might+ do
【例 】
1 But for your help, I could not sit here and prepare for my mid-term examination.
【例 】
2 Without your help, I would have failed the exam last week.勤学 勤练
• 【巩固提升2】But for the leadership of our Party and our Government, we ________ these
splendid results.
A. have achieved B. shouldn’ t have achieved
C. should have achieved D. would achieve宾语从句
(should) do
2. 与 愿望、建议 、要
主语从句
求 、命 令 等 相关
表语或同位语从句宾 从
1. suggest, require, order... +
• 在一些表示建议、愿望、要求、请求、劝告、意志、欲望、命令、安排、决定等的动词的宾语从
句中，要用虚拟语气。
ask, require, request, demand, pray, insist, desire, maintain, propose, suggest, move, urge,
advise, recommend, command, order, arrange, decide...
坚持（要求）
1 insist
• She demanded (that) the paper (should) be rewritten.
命令
2 command, order,
• He insisted (that) the meeting (should) be put off.
建议
3 advise, suggest, propose
• They proposed (that) all the plans (should) be discussed
要求
4 demand, ask, desire, urge
at the meeting.
外加推荐和决定 和
recommend decide注意：suggest, insist 还可意为“暗示、表明”“坚持认为”，此时从句的谓语动词使用陈述语气。
【例 】
1 The evidence suggests that single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers.
【例 】
2 He insisted that she was seriously ill .
练一练
I insisted _________ to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing __________ wrong with him.
A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be
C. he go; was D. he should go; is勤学 勤练
• 【巩固提升4】The teacher insisted that we ________ our homework before 9 o’clock.
A. finished B. had finished
C. finish D. was finishing
• We thanked him for his hospitality and kindness, and suggested that he _____ the taxi.
A. call B. called C. calling D. would call在 It is +表示要求、 建议、 必要、 命令等意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中用虚拟语气。
分词： 建议 proposed, suggested, advised, recommended
请求 demanded, required, requested
愿望 desired
命令 ordered, commanded
也可以是名词： it is a pity, it is a
形容词：advisable, desirable, preferable, better, incredible wonder, it is a shame（should可译
essential, important, necessary, urgent 为“竟然”）
possible, probable,
natural
strange高频考点2 与should相关的虚拟语气
1. It's necessary that we (should) start to do the work right away.
2. It's urgent that we (should) send for a doctor at once.
3. It is a pity that she (should) call black white.
4. It is requested that students (should) return the books to the library before they are overdue.勤学 勤练
• 【巩固提升3】It’s a pity that she ________ so careless in the final exam.
A. should be B. shouldn’t be
C. is D. was3.
在一些表示愿望、 建议、 要求、 命令等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句后， 谓语动词要
用虚拟语气。
advice, decision, idea, order, plan, proposal（提议）, recommendation（提议 建议）, suggestion,
opinion, requirement（要求 需求）, direction（管理 指导）, policy（政策 方针）
1. My opinion is that we (should) stay at home and study during this special period.
2. He made the request that the problem (should) be settled at once.勤学 勤练
• I don’t think it is advisable that Tom ________ to the job, for he has no experience.
A. is assigned B. will be assigned
C. be assigned D. has been assigned（三 ） 表 示“要 是 就好了 好像”
... /
宾语从句：“多希望 ；要是 就好了”
1. wish + ... ...
表示愿望 ： 要是 就好了”
2. if only “ ...
或 从句： 仿佛，好像
3. as if as though + “ ”
不同情况 谓语
ü
I wish you had come to my birthday party yesterday.
与过去事实相反 had done
ü
If only I would be there.
与现在事实相反 did (be动词用were)
ü
He speaks as if he were the manager.
与将来事实相反 would/could + do（四 ）虚 拟语 气 的其 他形式
宾 语从句
1. would rather/had rather/would sooner/would just as soon/would prefer +
从句
2. lt’s (high/about) time +
引 导 的状语从句
3. lest/for fear (that)/in case
引 导 的宾 语从句
4. had + expected/hoped/supposed, etc.（四 ）虚 拟语 气 的其 他形式
1. would rather/ had rather+宾语从句 “宁愿...”
从句谓语
与过去事实相反 had done
与现在事实相反
did（ be 动词一般用 were）
与将来事实相反
【例1】I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.
【例2】I’d rather you went tomorrow(now).2. It’s (high/ about) time +从句 “到了该做...的时候了”
did 或 should + do （should 不可省）
• It’s (high/about) time (that) we went to bed.
3. lest/ for fear (that)/ in case 引导的状语从句,表示担心、 忧虑 should+do
• I'm telling you this lest you (should) doubt my sincerity.
• Julia had to go on a diet for fear that she (should) lose her job as a model.
4. had +expected/ hoped/ supposed, etc 后宾从用虚拟语气: would + do 表过去未能实现的愿望：
• He had hoped that he would do better in his work.勤学 勤练
•【巩固提升5】We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her
choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed
C. stayed D. stay整 体 回 顾
