文档内容
2018 年北京市高考英语试卷 8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help
you need.
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
A. are trapping B. have been trapped
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将
C. were trapping D. had been trapped
该项涂黑。
10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. used B. to use C. using D. use
A. What’s more B. That’s to say
11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
C. In other words D. Believe it or not
A. how B. when C. where D. why
答案是D.
12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
A. need B. should C. can D. must
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.
3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. for B. on C. in D. at
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her
A. how B. which C. that D. what
last year. 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在
5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. 答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A. which B. who C.as D. that
The Homeless Hero
6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of
moon and enjoy moon cakes. temptation（诱惑）. But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with
A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more
7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
remarkable.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
第1页（共21页）After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard 21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe
in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return. 22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing
After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find 23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked
some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to 21 it contained £400 in notes, with 24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen
another £50 in spare change beside it. 25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement
He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner 26. A. when B. if C. where D. because
know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the 27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just
car—which was itself worth £35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were 23 to find two 28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead
policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous
24 . 30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew
The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 . 31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard
Mr. Anderson said: “I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on 32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn
the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has 33. A. of B. at C. for D. in
nothing and 27 he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 28 . It’s 34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications
unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys out there.” 35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge
Mr. Smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)
users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook. 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr. Smith and other 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has 项涂黑。
shown 33 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job A
34 and all sorts,” Mr. Anderson commented. My First Marathon（马拉松）
For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two
turn deserves another. weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps
17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.
18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I
19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was
20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
第2页（共21页）The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating C. Failure is the mother of success.
and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself. D. One is never too old to learn.
Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not B
the start I wanted! Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) Center
At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!” If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.
By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
the course walking a bit and then running again. More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering,
By mile 21, I was starving! aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to
As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what
minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running. they’re studying in the classroom.
I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章). At Space
medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation
myself a “marathon winner”. Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of
36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________. flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also
A. was well trained B. felt scared get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through
C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope designed tasks and their search and rescue of “downed” pilot.
37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year? With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part
A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. of a bigger task.
B. To amuse the readers with a funny story. All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family
C. To show he was not talented in sports. Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
D. To share a precious memory. Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!
38. How was the author’s first marathon? For more details, please visit us online at www.oursac.com.
A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. 40. Why do people come to SAC?
C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end. A. To experience adventures. B. To look for jobs in aviation.
39. What does the story mainly tell us? C. To get a degree in engineering. D. To learn more about medicine.
A. A man owes his success to his family support. 41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will. A. fly to space B. get an Aviation badge first
第3页（共21页）C. study the principles of flight D. build and fire model rockets
42. What is the most important for trainees?
A. Leadership. B. Team spirit.
C. Task planning. D. Survival skills.
C
Plastic-Eating Worms
43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get
B. They are newly evolved creatures.
rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
C. They can consume plastics.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break
D. They wind up in landfills.
down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams,
A. identify other means of the breakdown
or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene
B. find out the source of the enzyme
breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours
C. confirm the research findings
later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’
D. increase the breakdown speed
stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday
A. help to raise worms
food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic
B. help make plastic bags
bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains, “The wax worm evolved a
C. be used to clean the oceans
method or system to break this bond.”
D. be produced in factories in future
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the
46. What is the main purpose of the passage?
study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous
A. To explain a study method on worms.
studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
microbes(肠道微生物)?
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break
down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not
simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
第4页（共21页）D could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The
materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation
Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just
state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate have to plan for it.
driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been 47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________.
testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be A. help deal with transportation-related problems
everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our B. provide better services to customers
transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is C. cause damage to our environment
regulated. D. make some people lose jobs
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), 48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern?
policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut A. Safety. B. Side effects. C. Affordability. D. Management.
emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles 49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. A. Employed. B. Replaced. C. Shared. D. Reduced.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future 50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the 选项。
dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public Why Do We Get Angry?
transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services. Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are
cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 51
transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages.
2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical
driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving pain, and much more. ____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not
technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
第5页（共21页）Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality Dear Jim,
traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 _____________________________________________________________________________________
Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state _____________________________________________________________________________________
before a triggering event has occurred. _____________________________________________________________________________________
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. _____________________________________________________________________________________
Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. __________________________________________________________________________
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to _____________________________________________________________________
appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of Yours,
anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. Li Hua
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. 第二节(20分)
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. 们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. 注意：词数不少于60。
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your
mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a
critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may
not trigger another.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节 (15分)
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴
趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 推荐他上哪所大学；
3. 建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
第6页（共21页）2018 年北京市高考英语试卷 第二节 （20分）
Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which
参考答案
turned out be to extremely rewarding.
On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups.
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich
第一节 单项填空
variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. A9. D 10. A
teach them how to make tea.
11. C 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. D
In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in
第二节 完形填空
detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique
16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C
culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.
26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C
Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea
第二部分 阅读理解
leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in
36. C 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. D 42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D
charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.
46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. F 52. G 53. E 54. A 55. D
At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，35分）
unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge
第一节（15分）
value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.
Dear Jim,
I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to
express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience
during your college in Beijing.
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the
best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely
soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in
needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to
adapt into the Chinese language environment.
2018 年北京市高考英语试卷
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when
that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know. （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分）
Yours,
参考答案与试题解析
Li Hua
第7页（共21页）【解答】考查从属连词的用法．although"尽管，虽然"，引导让步状语从句．while表示"当……的
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 时候"，引导时间状语从句；意为"尽管、虽然"，引导让步状语从句．if"如果"，引导条件状语从
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） 句．until"直到"，引导时间状语从句．分析可知前后两句话之间是逻辑上的"条件"关系．句意：如
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失．
该项涂黑。 故选：C．
例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _________, we last met more than thirty years ago. 【点评】本题考查从属连词的用法．连词的用法辨析，要注意分析主从句之间的逻辑关系，再确
A. What’s more B. That’s to say 定相应的连词，同时注意不同的连词的语义及用法区别．
C. In other words D. Believe it or not
答案是D. 3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【考点】B6：动名词．
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【分析】沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣而且有益的经历．
【考点】E2：一般过去时． 【解答】考查动名词．分析可知"__along the old Silk Road"在句中做主语，句子主干是主系表结
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【分析】—嗨，我是皮特．你是新来的吗？我之前没见过你． 构．travel是动词原形，不能在句中做主语，可排除 A；having done是现在分词的完成式，它表
—嗨，皮特，我是鲍勃．我星期一刚来的． 示主动的动作，并且动作发生在谓语动词之前，常常作状语来修饰动词，可排除 C．done是过去
【解答】答案：C．本题考查一般过去时．根据对话，可知鲍勃之前确实不在这个地方上班，再 分词，在句中通常做定语或状语，不能够在句中做主语．无论作状语或作定语，都表示被动的动
结合时间状语 just，说明他是星期一刚刚来上班的，应该使用一般过去时，表明他的到来发生在 作，也可以表示已经完成的动作．可排除D．
过去． 故选：B．
故选：C． 【点评】动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语，但是不能作补
【点评】本题考查一般过去时．解答该类试题主要观察题干中的对话或者是时间状语或者是隐含 语．动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单三形式动名词作主语，在动词的基础上加 ing，使该动词或
信息，表示发生在过去的某一动作即为正确答案． 动词短语，有名词的各种特征，可作名词灵活使用．
如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk．覆水难收
2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone. It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us． 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间．
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until It was hard getting on the crowded street car． 上这种拥挤的车真难．
It is fun playing with children． 和孩子们一起玩真好．
【考点】92：从属连词． There is no joking about such matters． 对这种事情不是开玩笑．
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【分析】如果我们不能阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物就会消失．
第8页（共21页）4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her 6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the
last year. moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
【考点】E5：过去进行时． 【考点】BA：不定式．
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【分析】当我去年去看Susan 的时候，她以及辞去了她的高薪工作在当地做起了志愿者工作． 【分析】在中秋节期间，家庭成员时常聚在一起吃饭，欣赏月亮和享受月饼．
【解答】答案：B．本题考查过去进行时，即某一动作在过去的某一时刻正在发生．根据句意， 【解答】考查动词不定式．此处用动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语．故选 B项．其它三项不符
去年"我"去拜访 Susan 的时候她已经辞去了高薪职业，正在附件社区从事着志愿者工作，使用过 合语境．
去进行时：was doing sth． 故选：B．
故选：B． 【点评】英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来，动词 ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征的非限
【点评】本题考查过去进行时，解答该类试题应注意分析句中的时间状语和句子主语的关系，再 定动词．它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰．动名词有时态和语态的变化．另一方面动名词在句
结合选项，即可选出正确答案． 子的用法及功能与名词类同：在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语．它也可以被副词修饰或者
用来支配宾语．
5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. who C.as D. that 7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
【考点】59：关系代词；H2：非限制性定语从句．
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【分析】她和她的家人都是骑自行车去上班，这使得他们能保持健康． 【考点】E8：现在完成时．
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【解答】本题考查非限制性定语从句．本复合句中，主句为 She and her family bicycle to work，而 【分析】在过去的几年中国的高速公路已经从9000公里发展到25000公里．
非限制定语从句中缺少主语，因为是非限制性定语从句，故不能使用 that，关系代词 who 是用来 【解答】句中的时间状语是"in the past few years"，这类的时间状语，句子一般都用现在完成时
替代人，在此不符合句意；as 可以引导非限制性定语从句，但是常位于句首．which在从句中引 或现在完成进行时．故选：B．
导定语从句作主语，替代前面整个主句的内容，即：每天和家人骑车上班的行为能促使他们保持 【点评】常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：since…，for+段时间，in the past few years/weeks
身体健康． 等．
故选：A．
【点评】本题考查定语从句．解答该类试题一定要分析题干，分析句子成分再结合选项特点，进 8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help
行答案的选择． you need.
A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed
第9页（共21页）【考点】G9：祈使句． 【点评】考查分词形式主要看改动词与被修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系，一般用过去分词形式表示
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【分析】在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，训练有素的助理就会让你得到需要的帮助． 被动关系，现在分词表示主动关系．
【解答】考查祈使句．分析句子可知，此处考查的是祈使句+and/or+简单句，根据句意可知，此
处使用动词原形press． 11. Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
故选：A． A. how B. when C. where D. why
【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和
总结． 【考点】79：连接副词；HD：表语从句．
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【分析】没有他的支持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置．
9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days. 【解答】考查表语从句．分析句子可知，be动词的后面应该是表语从句，根据句意：没有他的支
A. are trapping B. have been trapped 持，我们就不会到我们现在的这个位置，可知应该使用 where"在哪里"，而 how"如何"，when"何
C. were trapping D. had been trapped 时"，why"为什么"，不符合句意．
故选：C．
【考点】F5：过去完成时的被动语态． 【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和
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【分析】一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两个被困在山上两天的游客． 总结．
【解答】考查时态语态．根据句中 risked可知，事情是发生在过去，游客被困是发生在"冒险救援
"之前，用过去完成时，即"过去的过去"，trap为及物动词，游客是被困的，应该使用过去完成时 12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
的被动语态． A. need B. should C. can D. must
故选：D．
【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和 【考点】A6：情态动词．
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总结． 【分析】在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题．
【解答】考查情态动词．need需要；should应该；can能；能够；（表示可能性）可能，可能
10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. 会；must必须．句意：在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失可能会给公司带来严重的问题．
A. used B. to use C. using D. use 故选：C．
【点评】本题考查情态动词的用法．情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，所以在做题
【考点】BB：过去分词． 时应该把握好说话人的情感态度．
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【分析】普通的肥皂恰当地被使用能有效地清理细菌．
【解答】本句中两个逗号隔开的内容应该是对"ordinary soap"作补充说明，肥皂和使用是被动关 13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
系，所以用过去分词used．故选：A． A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
第10页（共21页）A. how B. which C. that D. what
【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．
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【分析】如果他们再多开几公里，他们可能会找到一家更好的旅馆． 【考点】58：连接代词；HD：表语从句．
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【解答】考查虚拟语气．在 if条件句中，虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓 【分析】这就是我父亲教给我的﹣﹣直面困难，做最好的希望．
语形式用过去完成时即：had+过去分词，主句用 would / should / could / might + have +过去分 【解答】考查表语从句．分析句子可知，is后面的从句为表语从句，由于 teach 之后需要跟双宾
词．本题中主句中使用了might have done，因此，从句中应该使用过去完成时． 语，即teach sb. sth.可知，缺少teach 的直接宾语，需要使用充当句子成分的what．
故选：D． 故选：D．
【点评】本题考查虚拟语气．if引导的虚拟条件句是高考考试的重要考察点．应对虚拟语气题目 【点评】对于这种类型的题目需要根据语境及相关的语法知识选出正确答案，需要考生多积累和
时，我们需要记住一个公式：语法 + 语境 = 正确答案．语法就是指上述各种虚拟语气的结构和 总结．
用法，需要考生牢牢把握这些虚拟语气的基础知识；语境即说话人的语意、情感、态度等．实际
上，目前高考中的大多数语法单项填空题都不是纯粹的考查语法结构，必须把语法或惯用法与语 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
境结合起来才能得出正确答案．因此我们应遵循这个解题模式． 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在
答题卡上将该项涂黑。
14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office. The Homeless Hero
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 in cash would be a source（来源）of
A. for B. on C. in D. at temptation（诱惑）. But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with
little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more
【考点】8C：介词． remarkable.
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【分析】﹣早上好，李先生的办公室． After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard
﹣早上好．我想为下星期三下午安排一次约会． in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return.
【解答】答案：A，考查介词用法辨析．结合句意"为下星期三下午安排一次约会"可知，即 make After hours in the cold and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find
an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon．同学易错选为 on，以为在某天下午应用介词 on，但 some ID so he could contact（联系）the driver, only to 21 it contained £400 in notes, with
句意并非在下周三下午才做预约，而是说现在就约，把时间约在周三下午．故用介词for． another £50 in spare change beside it.
故选：A． He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner
【点评】本道介词题难度相对较大，命题者铺设了陷阱，乍看之下极其容易，仔细思量其实另有 know it was safe. When the car’s owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the
玄机．所以考生在备考时，要注意灵活应用，而不是死记硬背． car—which was itself worth £35, 000—in Glasgow city centre, they were 23 to find two
policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was
15. This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 24 .
第11页（共21页）The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 . 31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard
Mr. Anderson said: “I couldn’t believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on 32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn
the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a place to stay in. This guy has 33. A. of B. at C. for D. in
nothing and 27 he didn’t take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 28 . It’s 34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications
unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys out there.” 35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge
Mr. Smith’s act 30 much of the public’s attention. He also won praise from social media
users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook. 【考点】M1：人物故事．
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Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr. Smith and other 【分析】本文为记叙文，讲述了一位流浪汉拾金不昧的故事．某雨天，流浪汉看到一辆未关车窗
homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received £8,000. “I think the faith that everyone has 的车内放有钱包，怕钱包被盗，在雨中等待车主两小时．苦等无果，便拿着钱包去警局寻失
shown 33 him has touched him. People have been approaching him in the street; he’s had job 主．车主获知事件经过，将经历分享到脸书（Facebook），为该地区流浪汉筹钱，最后流浪汉得
34 and all sorts,” Mr. Anderson commented. 到了许多工作机会．
For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good 【解答】16﹣20 CBACD 21﹣25 ABDAC 26﹣30 ABDAD 31﹣35 BBCCC
turn deserves another. 16．C．考查动词辨析．根据下文" if you were living on the streets with little food and money."可知，
16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 如果你没有食物和钱，生活在大街上，这种渴望更强烈．urge渴望．
17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once 17．B．考查副词辨析．根据上文 All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 可知，所
18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 有这些使无家可归的Tom Smith的行为甚至更加显著的．even甚至，表示递进关系．
19. A. partner B. colleague C. owner D. policeman 18．A．考查名词辨析．根据上文 finding an unattended wallet filled with £400 可知，他在打开窗户
20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 的停放的汽车前坐上看见一只钱包（wallet）．
21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe 19．C．考查名词辨析．根据上文 waiting for 可知，他在雨中等待主人回来．owner 主人．
22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing 20．D．考查动词辨析．根据下文 pulled the wallet out 可知，在又冷又湿的地方等了几小时后，
23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 他把手伸进去，拿出钱包，reached 到达．
24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen 21．A．考查动词辨析．根据上文 pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID 可知，他发现钱包里
25. A. service B. support C. kindness D. encouragement 面有400美元的钞票，discover发现．
26. A. when B. if C. where D. because 22．B．考查动词辨析．根据下文a note behind 可知，他留下一张字条．leave behind留下．
27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just 23．D．考查形容词．根据空后的 to find two policemen standing next to it可知，他们很惊讶地发现
28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead 两个警察站在车旁边．shocked惊讶的．
29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous 24．A．考查形容词．根据上文 it was safe可知，警察告诉车主，钱包是安全的．safe安全的．
30. A. gave B. paid C. cast D. drew 25．C．考查名词．根据上文 The pair were later able to thank Mr． Smith可知，两个人感谢史密斯
第12页（共21页）先生的善举．kindness善举． A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two
26．A．考查连词．根据句意：想想今晚住在街上，然而他本可以偷了钱，为一个住宿的地方付 weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead.
钱．表示转折关系，用when 引导． I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps
27．B． 考查副词．This guy has nothing 和下文的 he didn't take the wallet for himself是转折关 and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.
系，用yet然而． The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I
28．D．考查副词．句意：相反地，他想到其他人．instead相反地． realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was
29．A．考查形容词．根据上文 he didn't take the wallet for himself；he thought about others 可知， all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills!
史密斯先生是诚实的．honest诚实的． The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating
30．D．考查动词．由空后的 much of the public's attention 可知，史密斯先生的行为吸引了很多关 and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself.
注，drew吸引． Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not
31．B．考查动词．根据下文 He also won praise from social media users 可知，在安德森在脸书上 the start I wanted!
发布这个善举后，赢得媒体用户的赞扬，posted发布． At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!”
32．B．考查动词．根据空后的 money for Mr. Smith 可知，安德鲁先生发起网络活动为史密斯先 By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed
生和其他无家可归的人募集资金，raise募集． the course walking a bit and then running again.
33．C．考查介词．和上文的show faith搭配用for，构成短语对某人表示信任． By mile 21, I was starving!
34．C．考查名词．根据上文he's had job 可知，他有工作机会，offer提供的机会． As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never
35．C．考查名词．根据上文 People have been approaching him in the street可知，对史密斯先生这 minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running.
是一个改变生活的机会，chance机会． I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same
【点评】本题为人物故事类完形填空，首先要通读全文，掌握大意，然后仔细阅读，分析每句话 medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
的含义和上下文的关联，结合每道题四个选项的含义找出最贴切的选项． Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call
myself a “marathon winner”.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分) 36. A month before the marathon, the author ____________.
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） A. was well trained B. felt scared
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope
项涂黑。 37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
My First Marathon（马拉松） B. To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C. To show he was not talented in sports.
第13页（共21页）D. To share a precious memory. 的．这是关于自己的身体和思想的一场考验，最终作者跑完了马拉松并得到了一枚奖牌，这告诉
38. How was the author’s first marathon? 我们决心成为自己，向前迈进，摆脱羞耻和世俗标签，就会成功，由此可知答案选B．
A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. 【点评】考查人物故事类阅读理解．这类题材是高考常考的内容，主要考查考生对文章整体内容
C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end. 的把握以及细节的理解，做题时要结合题干及上下文做出合理推理确定答案．
39. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A man owes his success to his family support. B
B. A winner is one with a great effort of will. Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) Center
C. Failure is the mother of success. If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.
D. One is never too old to learn. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering,
【考点】O1：人物故事类． aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to
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【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲了作者在参加马拉松之前脚踝受伤，但仍然决心继续训练，作者 know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what
回想起了七年级时的一次经历，体育老师认为他不适合运动，然而作者认为跑步是对自己的一种 they’re studying in the classroom.
较量，而不是竞争或者是否是运动的．这是关于自己的身体和思想的一场考验，最终作者跑完了 For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章). At Space
马拉松并得到了一枚奖牌，这告诉我们决心成为自己，向前迈进，摆脱羞耻和世俗标签，就会成 Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about
功． space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation
【解答】36-39 CCAB Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of
36．C．细节理解题．根据文章第一段"A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also
injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through
determined to go ahead"可知，作者在马拉松前一个月尽管脚踝受伤，但是仍然下定决心继续跑 designed tasks and their search and rescue of “downed” pilot.
步，由此可知答案选C． With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part
37． C．推理判断题．根据上下文"I didn't do either well. He later informed me that I was “not of a bigger task.
athletic”"可以推出作者没有运动天赋，因此答案选C． All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family
38． A． 细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二段中的"I was one of the final runners to finish. But I Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
finished!"可知作者最终跑完了马拉松，由此可知答案选A． Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!
39． B．主旨大意题．根据最后一段中的"Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and For more details, please visit us online at www.oursac.com.
worldly labels（世俗标签）"以及通过整体分析可知本文主要讲了作者在参加马拉松之前脚踝受 40. Why do people come to SAC?
伤，但仍然决心继续训练，作者认为跑步是对自己的一种较量，而不是竞争或者是否是运动 A. To experience adventures. B. To look for jobs in aviation.
第14页（共21页）C. To get a degree in engineering. D. To learn more about medicine. Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in
41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to . landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get
A. fly to space B. get an Aviation badge first rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
C. study the principles of flight D. build and fire model rockets Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break
42. What is the most important for trainees? down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial
A. Leadership. B. Team spirit. polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams,
C. Task planning. D. Survival skills. or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene
breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours
【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读． later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’
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【分析】本文属于广告类阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了个独特的冒险 SAC，在这里受训 stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
者可以通过建造和发射模型火箭来获得他们的太空探索徽章． Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday
【解答】40-42 ADB food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic
40．A．细节理解题，根据第一段 If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains, “The wax worm evolved a
Center（SAC）is the place to be. 可知人们来到SAC 是为了体验一个独特的冒险，故选A． method or system to break this bond.”
41．D．细节理解题，根据第三段 For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the
badges（荣誉徽章）. At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous
and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated（模拟）flying to space with the crew studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to
from all over the world. 可知受训者可以通过建造和发射模型火箭来获得他们的太空探索徽章，故 identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut
选D． microbes(肠道微生物)?
42．B．细节理解题，根据第四段 With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break
importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task. 在所有的项目中，团队合作是关键，故选 down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not
B． simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
【点评】本文浅显易懂，各个小题都能在文中找到适当依据．只要认真阅读短文，注意前后联
系，就能顺利完成阅读．文章所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核
查小题和原文的异同．
C
Plastic-Eating Worms
43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
第15页（共21页）A. They take plastics as their everyday food. consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams"可知，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以消耗分解大量的塑料，因此
B. They are newly evolved creatures. 答案选C．
C. They can consume plastics. 44．B．细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二段中的"The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the
D. They wind up in landfills. cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生
44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to . 物）?"可知，下一步将是确定分解的原因．它是由蠕虫本身或肠道微生物产生的酶发挥的作用，
A. identify other means of the breakdown 由此可知答案选B．
B. find out the source of the enzyme 45．D．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段中的"But she expects using the chemical in some kind of
C. confirm the research findings industrial process﹣not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic"可以推断出这种化学物
D. increase the breakdown speed 质将来会在生产过程中使用，由此可知答案选D．
45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might . 46．C．写作目的题．通过整体内容可知这篇文章主要讲了一项关于蠕虫可以分解塑料的方法的
A. help to raise worms 研究，由此可知答案选C．
B. help make plastic bags 【点评】考查科教类阅读理解．这类题材是高考常考的内容，主要考查考生对文章整体内容的把
C. be used to clean the oceans 握以及细节的理解，做题时要结合题干及上下文做出合理推理确定答案．
D. be produced in factories in future
46. What is the main purpose of the passage? D
A. To explain a study method on worms. Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm. The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from
C. To present a way to break down plastics. materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance. Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The
state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate
【考点】O5：科教类阅读． driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been
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【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是我们人类每年会生产大量的塑料，大多被掩 testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be
埋在垃圾场，对海洋造成严重污染，至今还没有有效方法解决，但是一项新的研究表明大蜡蛾的 everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our
蠕虫可以分解塑料． transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is
【解答】43-46 CBDC regulated.
43．C．推理判断题．根据文章第二段中的"Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so),
worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut
team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles
第16页（共21页）is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. A. Employed. B. Replaced. C. Shared. D. Reduced.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future 50. What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars?
where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Sympathetic.
work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which
encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to 【考点】O5：科教类阅读．
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circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the 【分析】本文讲述无人驾驶汽车的时代就要到来，讲述了它的优缺点，我们应该如何去管理无人
dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public 驾驶汽车，让它更好地服务于人类．
transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services. 【解答】47-50 ADAB
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private 47．A，事实细节题，根据第二段 policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles
cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions（排放）and offer more convenient, affordable mobility
transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally
2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available friendly and more shared．但政策制定者也应该讨论自动驾驶汽车如何有助于减少交通拥堵、减少
driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving 排放，并提供更方便、更实惠的出行选择．无人驾驶车辆的到来是一个机会来确保这些车辆环保
technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership 和更多的共享."，可知选A．
could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology. 48．D，推理判断题，根据第一段 for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless regulated．是好是坏，这取决于这种转变的调控方式．可知 D 选项正确：作者担心的是管理．
vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The 49．A，词义猜测题，根据后面的句子 But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop
coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation and more people become comfortable with the technology．但无人驾驶汽车的拥有率可能会随着价格
systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just 的下降和越来越多的人对这项技术感到满意而增加．和前面的句子是转折关系，所以可知前面是
have to plan for it. 说"考虑到自动驾驶技术的成本以及责任和维护问题，第一批可用的无人驾驶汽车几乎可以肯定是
47. According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________. 由专车服务的"，所以选A．
A. help deal with transportation-related problems 50．B，考查推理判断题，根据第一段：the future is apparently now，未来很明显是指现在，和根
B. provide better services to customers 据最后一段： The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it未来的汽车就要来了．我们
C. cause damage to our environment 只需要计划一下．，可知作者的态度是肯定的．所以选B．
D. make some people lose jobs 【点评】考查科教类阅读理解．这类题材是高考常考的内容，主要考查考生对文章整体内容的把
48. As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern? 握以及细节的理解，做题时要结合题干及上下文做出合理推理确定答案．
A. Safety. B. Side effects. C. Affordability. D. Management.
49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
第17页（共21页）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 not trigger another.
选项。
Why Do We Get Angry? 【考点】PF：选句填空．
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Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these 【分析】本文属于说明文，讲述的是我们为什么会生气，主要原因有触发事件、人格特征和我们
causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are 对情况的判断等，因此理解这些原因我们就能更好地控制我们自己的愤怒情绪．
triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 51 【解答】FGEAD
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. 51．F．考查上下文推理能力．根据上文 The main reasons we get angry are triggering events,
However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical personality traits, and our assessment of situations 可知，我们生气的主要原因是触发事件、人格特征
pain, and much more. ____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not 和我们对情况的判断．F 项意为"如果我们愿意用批判的眼光来评价自己，理解这些原因就能控制
is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits. 我们自己的愤怒"，承接上文，符合语境．故正确答案为 F．
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality 52．G．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文 The reason why someone is triggered by something and
traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 others are not is often due to one's personal history and psychological traits 可知，某人被某物和其他人
Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state 触发的原因通常是由于某人的个人历史和心理特征造成的．故上文应为不同的人被触发愤怒的情
before a triggering event has occurred. 况不同．G 项意为"不是每个人对事件的反应都一样，这就是为什么触发一个人愤怒的事情可能会
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. 也可能不会触发另一个人愤怒"，引出下文，符合语境．故正确答案为 G．
Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger. 53．E．考查上下文推理能力．根据上文 People who have personality traits that connect with
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry 可知，拥有与竞争力相媲美
appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of 的人格特质并且忍耐力差的人更容易生气．且下文也是对 pre-anger 的描写．E项意为"拥有这些
anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings. 个性特征意味着你正处于愤怒前的状态，愤怒正隐藏在你的头脑中"，承上启下，符合语境．故正
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well. 确答案为E．
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger. 54．A．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it. anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative（消极的）outlooks on situations can create
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry. anger 可知，有时甚至是常规事件也会成为愤怒的前兆或愤怒本身．有时候，无知和消极的前景
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your 也会导致愤怒．A 项意为"我们对不同情况的态度和观点也会使我们心中产生愤怒"，引出下文，
mind. 且与第一段最后一句中的 assessment of situations 对应，符合语境．故正确答案为A．
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a 55．D．考查上下文推理能力．根据下文 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to
critical eye. know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence 可知，愤怒很容易变成暴力，最
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may 好知道愤怒出现的原因以防止愤怒出现．D 项意为"愤怒是一种特别强烈的感觉，也许人们认为他
第18页（共21页）们有理由感到愤怒"，与下文形成转折关系，引出下文，符合语境．故正确答案为 D． 【分析】这是李华给英国朋友 Jim一封信．根据题目要求可知用第一人称，时态以一般现在时态
【点评】七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子．解题 为主．
时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最 高分句型
符合语境的句子． 1．Knowing you are interested in Chinese culture, I recommend Peking University for you, which is one
of the best universities in China. 句子里 Knowing you are interested in Chinese culture是现在分词做
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，35分) 伴随状语；代指先行词 Peking University ， which引导定语从句 is one of the best universities in
第一节 (15分) China．
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴 我知道你对中国文化感兴趣，我推荐北京大学给你，这是中国最好的大学之一．
趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括： 2．Not only because it has the best history major in China, but also because of its strong traditional
1. 表示欢迎； Chinese culture atmosphere. 句子里Not only…but also 表示"不但…而且"．
2. 推荐他上哪所大学； 不仅因为它在中国有很好的历史课程，而且因为它有很浓厚的中国传统文化．
3. 建议他做哪些准备工作。 【解答】Dear Jim,
注意：1. 词数不少于50； I am very glad to know that you are coming to attend university in Beijing next year.（表示欢迎）
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Knowing you are interested in Chinese culture, I recommend Peking University for you, which is one of
Dear Jim, the best universities in China.【高分句型一】Not only because it has the best history major in China, but
I am very glad to know that you are coming to attend university in Beijing next year.（表示欢迎） also because of its strong traditional Chinese culture atmosphere.【高分句型二】To be admitted into it,
Knowing you are interested in Chinese culture, I recommend Peking University for you, which is one of you should sign up on line ahead of time, and hand in your application as well as your high school
the best universities in China.【高分句型一】Not only because it has the best history major in China, but diploma.（推荐他上哪所大学；建议他做哪些准备工作）
also because of its strong traditional Chinese culture atmosphere.【高分句型二】To be admitted into it, I have attached the enrollment prospectus at the end of the letter. If you still have questions, you can
you should sign up on line ahead of time, and hand in your application as well as your high school visit their website directly.（随信附上北京大学的联系方式）
diploma.（推荐他上哪所大学；建议他做哪些准备工作） Looking forward to meeting you here soon.（期盼见面）
I have attached the enrollment prospectus at the end of the letter. If you still have questions, you can Yours
visit their website directly.（随信附上北京大学的联系方式） Li Hua
Looking forward to meeting you here soon.（期盼见面） 【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．本作文中给出的
Yours, 要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，
Li Hua 尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特
别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．
【考点】R1：提纲类．
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第19页（共21页）第二节(20分) 【考点】R3：图画类．
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假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你 【分析】高分句型：
们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。 句型一：
注意：词数不少于60。 Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned
out to be extremely rewarding. 上周，我带领外国学生到我们学校体验中国真正的茶文化，这次活
动真的非常有益．
此处是关系代词"which"引导的非限制性定语从句，"which"指代前面整个主句的内容．
句型二：
Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and
they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time. 外国学生被（我介绍的）茶文化深深吸引，惊叹
于这独特的茶文化，他们忍不住时不时地拍照．
此处结构为过去分词短语"Absorbed in every move of mine"作原因状语，表状态，主句为"the
Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures
turned out to be extremely rewarding. from time to time"，短语"be absorbed in…"意为"沉浸在…"．
On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. 【解答】
I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which
variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea. With their interest greatly sparked, I then began to turned out to be extremely rewarding.【高分句型一】（开头引出话题﹣﹣承上启下）
teach them how to make tea. On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups.
In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich
detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea. With their interest greatly sparked, I then began to
culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time. teach them how to make tea.（介绍茶文化相关历史，外国学生兴趣被激发）
Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in
leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique
charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us. culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.【高分句型二】（介绍泡茶的过程，
At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the 外国学生惊叹拍照）
unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea
value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world. leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in
charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.（介绍泡茶的过程，
第20页（共21页）外国学生惊叹拍照）
At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the
unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge
value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.（拍照留念，进一
步传播茶文化）
【点评】提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下
文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高
级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型．
第21页（共21页）
