文档内容
（4）语法填空—2023届高考英语一轮复习揭秘高考原题【全国卷】
一、高考原题
1.（2022年全国甲卷）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step
①_____(journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ②_____ lost his eyesight at the age of eight
in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum
for International Cooperation ③_____(hold) in Beijing. Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a
tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ④_____ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion
during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ⑤_____(protect).
Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ⑥_____(meaning). The two of them collected more
than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years, Cao ⑦_____(walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached
the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's ⑧_____(high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4,700
kilometers ⑨_____ Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20. ⑩_____(plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
2.（2022年全国乙卷） May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was
named officially ①_____ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ②_____ festival, a
number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ③_____(address) the opening ceremony. "As a
main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ④_____(large) tea-producing
country, China has a ⑤_____(responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy
development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ⑥_____(share) future for
mankind," he said.
The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued(发布) at the ceremony calls
for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ⑦_____
cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in
accordance with the initiative.
⑧_____(strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public
promotional activities on social media, ⑨_____(invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the
world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ⑩_____(it)
first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
3.（2021年全国卷） The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived
China's long history. It ①_____(build) originally to protect the city ②_____ the Tang dynasty and has
now been completely restored(修复). It is possible ③_____(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see
streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After ④_____(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was
time for some action and what ⑤_____(good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We ⑥_____(hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and
shaky ⑦_____ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all ⑧_____ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ⑨_____(watchtower) to
take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ⑩_____(day) routines.
二、考情分析
考查词性的变化
1 分析句子结构，确定句子成分
1）形容词和副词的转化——修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，做状语——使用副词。
2）名词与形容词的转化——表示事物的性质或状态，作表语——使用形容词。
3）动词与名词的转化——在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，做主语或宾语——使用名
词。
2 根据构词法和逻辑关系确定答案
考查谓语动词的曲折变化
1看结构：根据句子结构判断是否考查谓语动词。若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动
词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词。
2定语态：根据语境和动词的用法确定使用主动语态还是被动语态。
3定时态：根据时间状语或上下文确定具体时态。
4看主谓一致：根据主语确定谓语动词的适当形式。
5注意特殊句式（祈使句使用动词原形）
考查非谓语动词的曲折变化
1 判断使用非谓语动词——句中已有谓语，且设空处不作并列谓语
2 确定非谓语动词的形式
（1）根据句子成分判断
1）作目的状语——不定式
2）作结果状语——现在分词或不定式
3）作原因、伴随、时间等状语：与句子主语构成主动关系——现在分词
；与句子主语构成被动关系——过去分词。
4）作主语或宾语——动名词或不定式
5）作定语：与被修饰词构成主动关系——现在分词或不定式；与被修饰词构成被动关系——过
去分词。
6）作宾语补足语：与句子宾语构成主动关系——现在分词或不定式
；与句子宾语构成被动关系——过去分词。
（2）根据动词的特点判断：1）enjoy，finish等动词的宾语常用动名词。
2）decide，refuse等动词的宾语常用不定式。
3）remember，forget等动词的宾语使用动名词和不定式的意义不同。
3 注意固定搭配或固定句型——have difficulty in doing sth., be busy doing sth., it's no use/good doing
sth., spend…doing sth等。
考查词“数”的变化
名词的数：
（1）根据many, several, one of… 等信息词确定。
（2）根据句意确定。
五、考查词“级”的变化
形容词或副词的比较等级
（1）根据信息词than，most等确定比较级或最高级
（2）根据语境确定比较级或最高级
考查词“格”的变化
代词的转化：
（1）作定语——使用形容词性物主代词
（2）作主语一一使用主格或名词性物主代词
（3）作宾语——使用宾格、名词性物主代词或反身代词
三、变式训练
4. Egyptian radiologist Ahmed Hassan liked the design and architecture of China's ①_____(remark)
Temple of Heaven so much that he decided to build a replica (复制品) of Beijing's historic monument with
matchsticks.
In his free time, while exercising his hobby of building models of landmarks with matchsticks, Hassan
spent more than two months ②_____ (work) on the Temple of Heaven. He finished the whole replica of it
using about 22,000 matchsticks which he ③_____ (think) is one of the key landmarks and tourist ④_____
(attract) of Beijing, the capital of China.
The over 600-year-old monument covers ⑤_____ area of 270 hectares and ⑥_____ (consider) one of
the largest existing architectural complexes in the world. Just as the original circular building is ⑦_____
(complete) wooden with no nails, the Egyptian radiologist used only matchsticks, white glue and a cutter
blade to build the replica of the temple.
Hassan, ⑧_____ returned to his old hobby in 2013, has produced more than 20 replicas of monuments
from Egypt, Britain, France, Denmark and Russia over the past few years. He said that building a
matchstick model of the Temple of Heaven wasn't an easy job, for it was his first time ⑨_____ (carry) out
a replica of a landmark from Asia in general and China ⑩_____ particular.
5. International Friendship Day is a day when friends show ①_____(appreciate) for one another.In 1919, International Friendship Day ②_____ (found) by Hallmark. It was intended to be a day for
people ③_____ (celebrate) their friendship by sending each other cards. By 1940 the market ④_____
(dry) up, and finally, it died out completely. In April 2011, the United Nations ⑤_____ (official)
recognized 30th July as International Friendship Day, although most countries still celebrate it ⑥_____ the
first Sunday of August!
On International Friendship Day, taking a trip together to celebrate is an excellent way to make the day
all about each other. You can visit places ⑦_____ you first met or go to wherever you promised each
other to go. With so many people ⑧_____ (live) such busy lives, however, not everyone can plan a big
day out for each other. But that's what makes International Friendship Day such a ⑨_____ (wonder) time.
Best friends understand that life often gets in the way, so they won't be upset if there's no big celebration in
their honor. Moreover, with ⑩_____ rise of social media, we become more connected than ever before, so
International Friendship Day just gives everyone the chance to get together.
6. Marsupials (有袋类动物) are known for carrying their young in pouches(袋). The kangaroo is one
example. Marsupials give birth to babies that are tiny and underdeveloped compared to ①_____ of other
animals. A baby kangaroo, for instance, is only ②_____ size of a candy.
Some marsupials have pouches that open forward. Others have pouches that open toward the ③_____
(mother) tail. That prevents mother marsupial from ④_____ (throw) dirt on her baby as she digs. Not all
marsupials have pouches. Some ⑤_____ (simple) have a fold of skin that protects their young.
There are about 300 species of marsupials, most of ⑥_____ live in Australia and nearby islands. Others
live in the Americas. The ⑦_____ (large) marsupial is the red kangaroo, which can grow up to about two
meters tall. The smallest marsupial is barely 12 centimeters in ⑧_____ (long).
Marsupials tend ⑨_____ (have) good hearing and a good sense of smell. That comes in handy, since
they are often active when it's dark. Most walk on the ground or climb trees. Bui one kind from South
America ⑩_____ (be) a good swimmer. Marsupials are as diverse as the places they live.
7. An in-person chamber concert celebrating traditional and modem Chinese classical music was held at
the Lincoln Center last Sunday with nearly 1,000 attendees.
The concert had ①_____(program) from Chinese folksongs, classic literature and other Chinese
components. In particular, the concert ②_____ (perform) by independent pipa player and composer Wu
Man, as well as artists from the Chamber Music Society of the Lincoln Center.
Although COVID-19 has stopped people-to-people exchanges between China and the United States
③_____ (temporary), it hasn't broken their connections and their desire for art. An official ④_____ charge
said, "Music brings people together and promotes understanding. I hope that with joint efforts our two
countries may seek common ground while ⑤_____ (reserve) differences and work together to address
various challenges ⑥_____ (face) by mankind."
The concert is ⑦_____ second leg of this year's "Image China", a cultural exchange plan by the China
Arts and Entertainment Group, ⑧_____ aims to introduce traditional and contemporary Chinese
performing arts to the world. Since 2012, "Image China" ⑨_____ (present) a series of Chinese musicshows. The cooperation between the Chamber Music Society of the Lincoln Center and China Arts and
Entertainment Group has also contributed to the ⑩_____ (develop) of modern Chinese music.
8. Every civilization had its own set of unique ways to produce its delicious food. When ①_____ comes
to China, its unique method is to use ancient herbs in their dishes. Chinese cuisines are ②_____ (taste),
full of flavor, and are now widespread throughout the world clue to their ③_____ (popular). If you want to
bring the Chinese taste to your home, growing some herbs is the best way to go.
Most herbs originating from Asia are simple plants that are easy ④_____ (plant). You won't struggle
much to plant a garden of them on your lawn. Most of them are natively from a warm environment,
⑤_____ they grow best in warm climates. However, you can also plant them in containers and they'll
adapt ⑥_____ their new environment. Get a package of seeds of your ⑦_____ (desire) herbs and plant
them in small pots. You'd need to give them moisture(水分) and temperature. When the plants grow out of
the soil, transfer them to your garden bed ⑧_____ they can grow well. Make sure your pots, as well as
your garden bed, ⑨_____ (light) by natural sunlight. These herbs grow on moisture, but too much of it
could be dangerous for them. If you ⑩_____ (fit) HVAC equipment(供暖与空气调节设备) in your house
already, research ways how to maintain the herbs' growth while using air conditioning.答案以及解析
1.答案： ①to journey ②who ③held ④A ⑤protection ⑥meaningful ⑦has walked ⑧highest
⑨from ⑩Planning
解析：①非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 本句的谓语动词是hiked, 空处是非谓语动词。名词step
前面有序数词first修饰, 因此空处应用不定式作后置定语, 故填to journey。
②定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导非限制性定语从句, 先行词指人, 关系词在从句中充当主
语, 故填who。
③非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 本句的谓语动词是decided, 空处在句中是非谓语, 且与被修饰词
the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation之间形成动宾关系, 故填held。
④冠词。根据语境可知, 此处表泛指, 且friend以辅音音素开头, 故填A。空处位于句首, 注意要大写。
⑤词形转换。根据空前的形容词environmental可知, 空处应用名词。此处表示"环境保护", 故填
protection。
⑥词形转换。结合句意"这将使他的徒步旅行更有意义"可知, 空处需要用形容词, 故填meaningful。
⑦时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知, walk在句中作谓语。结合时间状语In the last five
years可知, 时态为现在完成时; walk与主语Cao之间为主动关系; 主语Cao为第三人称单数, 故填
has walked。
⑧形容词最高级。结合常识可知, 乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉, 故填最高级highest。
⑨介词。此处考查固定表达"from...to...", 意为"从......到......"。
⑩非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 本句的谓语动词是flew, 空处在句中是非谓语, 与其逻辑主语He
之间形成主谓关系, 故填planning。
2.答案：①by ②the ③addressed ④largest ⑤responsibility ⑥shared ⑦and ⑧To strengthen
⑨inviting ⑩its
解析：：①介词。此处从句中谓语动词的被动语态结构为was named by..."由......命名"。
②冠词。此处指上文提到过的"the first International Tea Day", 故用定冠词"the"表示特指。
③谓语动词的时态和语态。根据上文中的"took place"可知, 时态应一致; address"对......发表演说"与
主语"chairman"构成主动关系。故填addressed。
④形容词的最高级。"tea-producing country"前应用形容词修饰, 提示词为形容词, 且空前有定冠
词"the", 再结合常识可知, 应用形容词的最高级。
⑤名词。根据空前的不定冠词"a"可知, 此处填名词"responsibility"。
⑥形容词。根据空前的"a"和空后的名词"future"可知, 此处应用形容词, share与future为逻辑上的动
宾关系, 故用过去分词形式的形容词shared"共同的"。
⑦连词。根据句意可知, 此处意为"促进国际合作与文化交流", 故应用and。
⑧非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知, 空处应用不定式表示目的。
⑨非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词"included", 提示词与"the event"之间为逻辑上的主谓关系, 故空处
用提示词"invite"的现在分词形式作状语。
⑩代词。"first exhibition"前应用所给词的形容词性物主代词形式, 故填is。3.答案：①was built ②in ③to walk ④spending ⑤better ⑥hired ⑦but/yet ⑧the ⑨watchtowers
⑩daily
解析：①考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为: 它修建于唐朝, 最初是为了保护这座都城, 现
在已经被完全修复了。分析句子结构可知, 设空处在句中作谓语; 主语It指代The Xi'an City Wall, 与
build之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态; 根据originally及the Tang dynasty可知, build这一动作发生在
过去, 应用一般过去时; 主语为It, 谓语动词应用单数形式。故填was built。
②考查介词。句意见上一题解析。表示"在......朝代", 介词要用in。故填in。
③考查非谓语动词。句意为: 走完或者骑行完整整14千米是有可能的。It is possible to do sth.是固定
句型, 意为"做某事是有可能的"。故填to walk。
④考查非谓语动词。句意为: 在花了一些时间看完城墙上所有的防御设施后, 我们决定是时候采取
一些行动了, 还有什么比在一段历史中骑行更好的呢! After在本句中为介词, 其后接名词、代词或动
名词作宾语。故填spending。
⑤考查形容词的比较等级。句意见上一题解析。根据空后的than可知, 此处应用比较级。故填
better。
⑥考查动词的时态。句意为: 我们从南门的租赁点租了自行车。根据语境可知, 作者一行人游览西
安城墙是过去的经历, 故本句也应用一般过去时。故填hired。
⑦考查连词。句意为: 我的自行车不仅旧还摇摇晃晃, 但是还能骑。分析句子结构可知, 本句存在两
个谓语动词was和did, 因此应填入一个连词连接, 设空处前后为转折关系, 故填but/yet。
⑧考查冠词。句意为: 在西安城墙上骑行一周花了我们大约3个小时。all the way为固定搭配, 意
为"全程; 一路上"。故填the。
⑨考查名词单复数。句意为: 一般看来, 人们花两个小时就能骑完全程, 但是我们在不同的大门和瞭
望塔前都停下来拍照, 或只是观察当地人忙着自己的日常事务。watchtower意为"瞭望塔", 为可数名
词, 其前有different修饰, 应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。
⑩考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知, 设空处作定语修饰名词routines, 应用形
容词。故填daily。
4.答案： remarkable; working; thought; attractions; an; is considered; completely; who; to carry; in
解析：①考查形容词。空处修饰名词短语Temple of Heaven,所以应用形容词形式。故填
remarkable。
②考查非谓语动词。spend…doing sth是固定结构,意为“在做某事上花费(时间、金钱等)”。故填
working。
③考查时态。分析上文可知,他的“天坛是中国首都北京的重要地标和旅游景点之一”这种想法是
他在复制天坛时的想法,所以用一般过去时。故填thought。
④考查名词。one of后是and连接的两个并列的名词短语,所以这里应用名词的复数形式。故填
attractions。
⑤考查冠词。cover an area of.….是固定短语,意为“占地面积……”。故填an。⑥考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处与covers并列作句子的谓语;主语The over
600-year-old monument表示单数概念;主语与consider之间为动宾关系,所以应用一般现在时的被动
语态。故填is considered。
⑦考查副词。空处修饰形容词wooden,所以应用副词形式。故填completely。
⑧考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在定语从句中作主语。先行词
为Hassan,指人,所以填who。
⑨考查非谓语动词。“It was one's first time to do sth.”为固定句型,意为“那是某人第一次做某事”。
文中it作形式主语,不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to carry。
⑩考查介词。in particular是固定短语,意为“特别,尤其”。
5.答案： appreciation; was founded; to celebrate; had dried; officially; on; where; living; wonderful; the
解析：①考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处作动词show的宾语,需用appreciate的名词形式
appreciation。appreciation表“感激”时为不可数名词,故填appreciation。
②考查时态、语态及主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,found与International Friendship Day是逻辑上的
动宾关系,应用被动语态。再根据时间状语In 1919可知,这是发生在过去的事情,所以句子要用一般
过去时,且主语为第三人称单数,故填was founded。
③考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作后置定语,故填to celebrate。
④考查时态。根据空前的时间状语By 1940及空后句中的动词短语died out可知,空处应用过去完成
时,故填had dried。
⑤考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰动词recognized,应用副词形式,故填officially。
⑥考查介词。句意:2011年4月,联合国正式承认7月30日为“国际友谊日”,尽管大多数国家仍然
在8月的第一个星期天庆祝它!在“具体的一天”前需要用介词on。
⑦考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句且在从句中作地点状语,先行词为places,需
用关系副词where来引导该从句,故填where。
⑧考查非谓语动词。本句含有“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,people与live之间是主谓关系,应用
现在分词作宾补,故填living。
⑨考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰名词time,作定语,需用形容词,故填wonderful。
⑩考查冠词。the rise of…是固定搭配,意为“……的兴起”,故填the。
6.答案： those; the; mother's; throwing; simply; which; largest; length; to have; is
解析：①考查代词。分析句子可知,此处是将有袋类动物的幼崽与其他动物的幼崽做比较,故此处应
该用代词those指代名词babies,表示“那些”,故填定冠词those。
②考查冠词。由介词短语of a candy可知,此处表示特指,故填the。
③考查名词所有格。根据语境和空前的定冠词以及空后的名词tail可知,此处应该用单数名词的所有
格,修饰名词tail,故填mother's。
④考查非谓语动词。prevent sb from doing sth为固定结构,意为“防止某人做某事”。介词后应该用
动名词形式作宾语,故填throwing。
⑤考查副词。空处修饰动词have应该用副词,故填simply。⑥考查定语从句。分析结构可知,逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句,由空前的of可知,空处应填一个
关系代词,且先行词300 species of marsupials指物,故填which。
⑦考查形容词最高级。根据下文中的The smallest可知,此处应该用形容词的最高级,与后面句子形成
对比,故填largest。
⑧考查名词。介词 in的后面应该用名词形式作宾语,故填length。
⑨考查非谓语动词。tend to do…为固定结构,意为“往往,倾向于做……”。
⑩考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了有袋类动物,通篇用的是一般现在时,且本句的主语是one kind,
所以谓语动词应用is。
7.答案： programs; was performed; temporarily; in; reserving; faced; the; which; has presented;
development
解析：①考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,介词短语from Chinese folk songs, classic literature and
other Chinese components作定语,所以空处应填名词的复数形式,故填programs。
②考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子的谓语,与主语the concert之间是动
宾关系,且文章描述的是过去发生的事情,故填 was performed。
③考查副词。修饰谓语动词应用副词形式,故填temporarily。
④考查介词。in charge为固定搭配,意为“负责,主管”,符合该处语境。故填in。
⑤考查状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知,while引导的是省略形式的状语从句,reserve与其逻辑
主语our two countries之间是主谓关系,故填所给词的现在分词形式reserving。
⑥考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,face与challenges之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作
后置定语,故填faced。
⑦考查定冠词。序数词second 前应用定冠词,故填the。
⑧考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词“Image China”
指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填关系代词which。
⑨考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语Since 2012可知,该句应用现在完成时,主语是“Image China”,
故填has presented。
⑩考查词性转换。由空前的the与空后的of可知,空处要填所给词的名词形式,故填development。
8.答案： it; tasty; popularity; to plant; so/and; to; desired; where; are lit/lighted; have fitted
解析：①考查固定句型。when it comes to…为固定用法,意为“当谈到……时”。故填it。
②考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作表语,应用形容词。故填tasty。
③考查名词。作介词due to的宾语,应用名词。故填popularity。
④考查非谓语动词。“sth is+形容词+to do…”为固定结构,意为“做某事是……的”。故填to
plant。
⑤考查连词。句意:它们大多生来就在温暖的环境中,所以/而且在温暖的气候下生长得最好。根据句
意,此处应用连词so表结果或and表顺承。
⑥考查介词。adapt to意为“适应”,符合该处语境。故填to。⑦考查非谓语动词。在此要把所给词desire变为其非谓语动词形式,作定语修饰herbs,且其与所修饰
词是动宾关系,所以应用过去分词形式。
⑧考查定语从句。⑧_____ they can grow well是定语从句,修饰先行词your garden bed;关系词在定语
从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where。
⑨考查时态、语态和主谓一致。your pots…natural sunlight从句作make sure的宾语,light在从句中为
谓语动词,与从句主语your pots是动宾关系,故本句应用被动语态;主句为祈使句,从句应用一般现在
时;从句中as well as符合“就远原则”,故be动词用are。故填are lit/lighted。
⑩考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:如果你的房子里已经安装了供暖与空气调节设备,研究如何在
使用空调的同时保持药草生长的方法。fit在此是谓语动词,与主语是主谓关系(强调“已经安装
了”),由already可知应用现在完成时。故填have fitted。
