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专题 03 动词、介词(讲义)
目 录
考点一 动词 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1页
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
【真题研析·规律探寻】------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
考向1 在语境中考查动词辨析（表达得得体性）-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2页
考向2 在语境中考查动词短语辨析--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页
考向3 考查动词的熟词生意---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页
【核心提炼·考向探究】-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4页
1．动词与其他词类的相互转换：变动词的前缀和后缀----------------------------------------------------4页
2．常考的动词熟词生意------------------------------------------------------------------------------5页
3．常考的完形填空动词词汇-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7页
动词考点的关键能力-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
【题型特训·命题预测】---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
预测考向1 考查动词词义辨析---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
预测考向2 考查动词熟词生意--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8页
预测考向3 动词的词形转换----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9页
考点二 介词------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10页
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页
【真题研析·规律探寻】--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页
考向1 考查介词基本含义和用法-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页
考向2 考查介词短语的用法------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11页
考向3 考查介词与其他词类的搭配---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页
【核心提炼·考向探究】------------------------------------------------------------------------12页
1. 介词的基本含义总结-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12页
2. 特殊介词的含义------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13页
3. 常考的介词短语------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19页
【题型特训·命题预测】--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21页
预测考向1 考查介词的基本用法------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22页
预测考向2 考查与介词相关的短语--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22页
预测考向3 考查介词短语（复合介词）-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22页考点一 动词
考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考有关动词的考向分布。
完形填空
题型 语法填空
动词选项（在语境中恰当地使用名词）
高考考点 动词（考查的具体内容展示）
41.finished完成；45.stopped停止;47.bent down弯腰；
2023 61.allow sb to do
49.assessed评估；53.leave离开
新
42.camped露营；46.worked起作用；47.headed off启
高 2022 64.serve as
程；48. interrupted中断 50. start启动
考
41.made制作；45.earn挣得；46.worked运作；
I
49.Remove移动；51.Slow down慢一点；52.expected
卷 2021
预料；53.smiled微笑；54.. delivering送货；
55.appreciate欣赏
新 44. C. happened；45.B. offered 46.D. pick up 50.B.
2023
高 work out 51.D. load 52.A. call
考 47．A．plan 48.D．please
2022
*
41.D．speak 45.B．joined48．A．invited 50.C．excuse
*
51.B．note down 54.C．escape
错
误
的
表
2021
达
式
*
*
卷
总结高考考点，探究动词的命题规律。
近年来，高考动词主要考查：动词词义辨析；动词短语；动词的熟词生意；动词的词形转换。
考点要求 考题统计 考情分析
【命题规律】
动词词义辨析 3年28考
根据新高考三年的考情分析，高考主要在完形填空中考查动词
动词短语 3年6考词义辨析及动词短语辨析。因此，近几年高考中出现动词熟词
生意的现象较多。其次，动词的词形转换也不可忽视。
动词的词形转换 3年0考
【命题预测】
高考完形填空中考查动词词义辨析仍然是重点，同时，兼顾动
动词的熟词生意 3年4考
词短语。动词的熟词生意仍然会高频出现。
考向1 在语境中考查动词辨析（表达得得体性）
1.(2023年新高考II卷) After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me _____51_____ Tiffy into
the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and _____52_____ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
51. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load
52. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve
2.(2023年新高考II卷) It just ___44___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who
___45___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___46___ Tiffy.
44. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed
45. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed
46. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up3.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie
Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her delay came because she was carrying a
competitor across the finish line.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
根据语境判断选择正确的动词
(1)从句子或语境的整体入手，选择恰当的动词;
(2)熟悉四个动词的使用具体情景;
考向2在语境中考查动词短语辨析
1. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid. She couldn’t. Bailey then
____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to
where Lenoue could get medical attention.
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
2. （2022年新高考I卷)Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___,
but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip.
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
3. （2021·新高考I卷 ） This was harder than it sounds. （51） a bit and the cakes pile up. As I
told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d expected.
51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on
考向3 考查动词的熟词生意（推断划线部分动词的意思）
1. (2023年全国乙卷) In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials
(证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.(全国乙卷, 阅读理解A)
2. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum,
Heineken Brewery and much more.（2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解A）
3. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) He develop ed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes
in South Burlington.(新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解B)
理解熟词生意的基本方法：
根据句子中的相关信息推测动词的生意，要抓住句子中的关键词，然后推知可能的合理的语义搭配。
动词考点的必备知识：
1．动词与其他词类的相互转换：变动词的前缀和后缀
（1）前缀en-able→enable使能够large→enlarge 扩大rich→enrich 使充实；使丰富danger→endanger 危及
courage→encourage鼓励
（2）后缀-en
【高频再现】broad→broaden 使变宽 ripe→ripen 使成熟 sharp→sharpen 使尖锐 wide→widen 加宽
short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬soft→soften使缓和；使变柔
软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁
（3）后缀-ify
【 易 错 提 醒 】 class→classify 把 … … 分 类 just→justify 证 明 … … 正 确 simple→simplify 简 化
beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格
（4）后缀-ize
【易错提醒】apology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize
认识到；实现modern→modernize使现代化
2．常考的动词熟词生意
（1）assign 熟义：v.布置，指派(工作、任务等) 生义：v.确定(时间、地点等)
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A)All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard,
our online learning and course management system.
所有作业将在指定日期前通过黑板、在线学习和课程管理系统提交。
（2）reject熟义：v.拒绝 生义：v.(因质量不好而)废弃
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B)It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly”
(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage
cans.令人瞠目结舌的是，有多少完美的食物被扔掉了——从“丑陋”(但还可以吃)的蔬菜被食品商拒绝，
到大量没吃完的菜被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。
（3）dry熟义：adj.干的；干燥的 生义： v．(使)变干，(把……)弄干
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B)Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the
road.
志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或把它们弄干，以便在路上用餐。
（4）keep 熟义：v.维持；保持 生义：v.养，饲养
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 C)She said：“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their
breakfast each morning before I went to school.”
她说：“我小时候养过母鸡，每天早上上学前都要为它们准备早餐。”
（5）run 熟义：v.跑 生义：vt.发表，刊登title 熟义：n.题目 生义：vt.给……加标题
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读七选五)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank
Your Workout Partner.”
《健身》杂志最近刊登了一篇题为“感谢你的锻炼伙伴的五个理由”的文章。
（6）read 熟义：v.朗读 生义：vt.写着
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读七选五)One reason was: “You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for
you at the gym，” while another read: “You'll work harder if you train with someone else.”一个原因是：“如果你知道有人在体育馆等你，你就会出现”，另一个原因写着：“如果你和别人一
起训练，你会更加努力。”
（7）excite 熟义：vt.使激动；使兴奋 生义：vt.激发；引起
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D)Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we
hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
尽管情商继续受到大众的青睐是可取的，但我们希望这种关注将引起人们对情感的科学研究和学术研
究的更大兴趣。
（8）pour 熟义：vt.& vi.倾倒，倒；(雨)倾盆而下 生义：vi.不断涌向
(2021·全国乙卷阅读A)People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
从古希腊时代起，人们就一直不断涌入体育场馆。
（9）inform 熟义：vt.通知；告知 生义：vt.对……有影响
(2021·全国乙卷阅读A)In around 80 A．D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best
known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.
大约在公元80年，罗马人建造了罗马斗兽场，它仍然是世界上最著名的体育场，并继续影响着当代的
设计。
（10）address （熟义：地址，写地址） vt． ① 称呼 ② 向……发表演说/致辞
The president should be addressed as “Mr President．”总统应称为“总统先生”。
He is going to address the meeting in a minute．他一会儿就要在大会上讲话了。
（11）admit （熟义：承认）vt．①允许进入 ②容纳
The servant opened the door and admitted me into the house. 仆人打开门，请我进去。
The theatre only admits 1，000 persons．这个剧场只能容纳一千人。
（12）adapt （熟义：适应）vt．使某物适合与新的用途,情况等;修改;改编或改写(稿本)
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好.
This novel has been adapted for radio from Russian original.这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目.
（13）catch （熟义：抓） v． 明白；领会
Sorry, I didn’t quite catch what you said. 对不起，我没听清你的话。
（14）escape （熟义：逃走）v．被忘记
His name escaped me for the moment．我一时想不起他的名字了。
（15）fail （熟义：v. 失败，不及格）v．不足，缺乏；忽略
Our water supply failed．我们供水不足了。
He never fails to write to his mother every month．他从来不忘记每月写信给他的母亲。
（16）go （熟义：去，离开）v（位置）放，置，摆（行动）进行，进展；(状态）变成，变为
Where does this teapot go? In that cupboard. 这把茶壶放在什么地方？放在那个橱柜里。
Did everything go smoothly? 一切进行得顺利吗？
Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 天热时鱼坏得快。
（17）hold （ 熟义：握；拿；举行）v．容纳；持有（某种观点）；
The case can hold all my clothes．这个箱子可以装得下我所有的衣服。I hold the view/opinion that the plan cannot work. 我认为那个计划不可行。
（18）make （熟义：v. 制造；使） v. 演变成（某事物），结果是
If you train hard, you will make a good footballer. 你要刻苦训练就能成为优秀的足球运动员。
（19）miss （熟义：v. 想念） v. 错过，未击中，未看见
He shot at the bird but missed. 他打鸟未打中。
He missed the point of my joke. 他没有听懂我讲的笑话。
（20）observe （熟义：v. 观察 ） v. 遵循
The traffic rules should be observed strictly，otherwise you will get into trouble．
你必须严格遵守这些交通规则，否则你将有麻烦。
（21）occur （熟义：v. 发生） v. 想到，想起
Does it ever occur to you that you can turn to the teacher for help? 你可曾想到求助老师？
（22）offer （熟义：v. 表示愿意或有意做，给） v. 提出某事物供考虑/供接受
He offered 30,000 pounds for the house. 他还价30，000英镑买这所房子。
（23）perform （熟义：v. 表演） v. 做，执行，履行（某事）；表现，运行
She was performing an operation to save his life. 她正在动手术挽救他的生命。
How is the new car performing? 新汽车性能如何？
（24）reach （熟义：v. 到达） v. 达到；手接触的范围；伸手去拿；取得联系，给（某人）打电话；延
伸
You will know better when you reach my age. 你到了我这样的年纪就明白多了。
I can just about reach the apples on the top branch. 我只差一点就能够着最上边树枝上的苹果。
I reached across the table for the jam. 我伸手到桌子那端去拿果酱。
I can’t reach him by phone. 我打电话找不到他。
The field reaches as far as the foot of the mountain. 这片田野一直延伸到山脚下。
（25）read （熟义：v. 阅读，朗读） v. 理解（意义），领会（某事物）的意义
I can’t read his mind ( thought). 我无法了解他的想法。
（26）recognize （熟义：v. 认出或识别（某人）） v. 承认或认识到
He recognized that he was not qualified for the post. 他承认自己没有资格担任哪个职务。
3．常考的完形填空动词词汇
arrange v.安排interrupt v.打断；打扰；中断；阻碍matter v.关系；要紧judge判断； know知道；熟悉，了
解cause引起； observe观察； ride骑；漂浮； strike打击reason推理； talk谈话； compete竞争； train
培训help帮助； understand理解defeat打败； please使高兴； respect尊敬； assist帮助force强迫；
transform转换；改造；彻底改变； persuade劝说；put放。shine照耀；发光；fly飞行； dance跳舞；
score得分view看待；appear出现； matter重要follow跟随； organize组织； watch观看； lead带领；领
先clarify分类； defend打败； win赢得； demand要求prove证明； happen碰巧； show展示wait等待；
offer提供、主动提出； hurry匆忙； fail失败feed喂养； follow跟随；change改变；load装载call打电话；
join加入； leave离开 serve服务return返回； fight打仗； fly飞； agree同意动词考点的关键能力：
高考评价体系要求：考生能在具体的语境中，准确判断和使用基本的语法规则。提高动词运用能力的
基本策略：
1．根据完形填空的具体语境，选择正确的动词以表达具体的含义。
2．根据具体语境推断动词的熟词生意，从而尽快理解句子及文章的意思。
3．熟练掌握动词完形填空中的常考词汇。
【2024年高考命题预测】
根据高考考情分析2024年高考将：（1）在完形填空中考查动词词义辨析；（2）在阅读理解中渗透熟
词生意和一词多义；（3）注意掌握动词和其他词类之间的相互转换。
预测考向1 考查动词词义辨析
1.（2024•福建省八县（市、区）一中联考）Sheppard had always been an enthusiastic dancer since childhood,
but now she was so scared that she rarely left her apartment. She worried about the way she would 25 to
the world. Hard as it was, Sheppard later 26 herself to go out.
25．A．appear B．relate C．sound D．reply
26．A．educated B．forced C．reminded D．permitted
2. （2024•安徽皖江名校联盟10月阶段考试）Everything is more expensive these days so I saw some cars for
around $ 5000 but then I found one 44 for $ 4000.
44．A．printed B．advertised C．played D．lost
3.（2024•黑龙江省齐齐哈尔地区普高联谊校月考）There, they found their next-door neighbour, Carolyn
Palisch, urging the family to leave the house. He opened the door and their neighbour Carolyn said their house was
on fire and told them to leave. Salgado instantly grabbed her kids and 26 from the burning home. No one
was wearing socks or shoes except for her oldest child.
26．A．learned B．benefited C．escaped D．recovered
预测考向2 考查动词熟词生意（推断划线部分的动词词义）
1.（2021·全国乙卷 ）(阅读C)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce
their plastic footprint.
2. （2021·全国甲卷 ）(阅读B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed
the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽)．
3.（2021·全国甲卷 ）(阅读七选五)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.
预测考向3 动词的词形转换
1.（2024·内蒙古赤峰二中月考）This can _______(deep) their knowledge about the history of the moon and the
solar system. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
2. The best way to live is to help and (rich) the lives of others.
3．Can you (vision) what urban life will be like in 100 years?4. Let’s (summary) what we have learnt today.
考点二 介词考情分析：分析新高考有关介词的考向分布。
题型 语法填空
高考考点 介词
2023 by
新高考I卷 2022 as
2021
2023 with
新高考** 错误的
2022
表达式 **卷
2021 from
2023年1月 as
浙江新高考卷
2022年6月 at
2021年7月 for
2021年7月 by
总结高考考点，探究介词的命题规律。
考点要求 考题统计 考情分析
【命题规律】
介词的基本用法 3年6考
根据新高考三年的考情分析，高考主要根据句意考查介词
考查介词短语 3年2考 的基本用法，其次是介词短语的用法。备考复习我们要特别重
视一些特殊介词的多种用法。
特殊介词的用法 3年1考考向1 考查介词基本含义和用法
1.（2023•1月新高考浙江卷）Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to
Beijing’s long history ________ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated
with historic events.
2.（2022•全国高考乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially
______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
3. （2021全国甲卷）It was built originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored (修复).
4.（2021浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ________ 2. 1
in women and men.
高考中考查介词基本用法的次数较多，解决介词基本用法要注意：
①熟悉常用介词的基本含义，总结它们的共性特点。
②准确理解句子的意思，根据句意确定使用恰当的介词。
考向2 考查介词短语的用法（复合介词）
1.（2023•新高考Ⅰ卷）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and
the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.2．（2023•全国乙卷）Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to
museums, narrow hutong royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history
even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
3.（2022年6月•浙江卷) Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ______ age seven.
【易混易错】
注意总结一些介词短语的含义和用法：
at the age of 5;at age 5;at 5在5岁时 at one’s service随时为某人服务；听凭某人的吩咐
at (the) sight of当看到……时 at first sight乍一看；初看起来
by chance/accident偶然；碰巧 by mistake错误地；无意地
by far最；……得多 by hand用手；用体力
for sale出售的；待售的for free免费地 for nothing免费的；白费地
考向3 考查介词与其他词类的搭配
1.（2023•新高考Ⅱ卷）And who do they speak English ?
2.（2022•新高考I卷) Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host
of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
3.（2021年7月•浙江卷）Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and
Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ______ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,
who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
介词考点的必备知识：
1. 介词的基本含义总结
(1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在……中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以，用”；表示服饰，
意为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在……方面”。
(2)with 表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以，用”；表示关系，意为
“和……在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(3)by用于被动语态，意为“被，由”；表示方式，意为“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通工具，意为
“乘坐，驾驶”。
(4)for表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象、用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，
意为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(5)through表示位置，意为“穿过”；表示时间，意为“在整个期间，自始至终”；表示手段、媒介，
意为“以，凭借”。
2. 特殊介词的含义【易混易错】
（1）with的用法
①与…（在）一起
I went on holiday with my friend. 我跟我朋友一起去度假。②[表带有或拥有]有；带有；具有；随身带着
He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。
China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。
③[表方式、手段或工具]以；用
He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。
She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。
【易错提醒】
①用英语说：speak in English
②用钢笔写：write in ink
③用现金/美元支付：pay in cash/dollar
④[表材料或内容]以；用
The road is paved with stones. 这条路用石头铺砌。
⑤[表状态]在…的情况下；…地
He can read French with ease. 他能轻易地读法文。
I finished my homework though with difficulty. 虽然有困难，我还是做完了功课。
注：用于此意时，with多与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。如：
with care=carefully 认真地
with kindness=kindly 亲切地
with joy=joyfully 高兴地
with anger=angrily 生气地
with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地
with delight=delightedly 高兴地
with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地
⑥ [表让步]尽管，虽然
With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，他并不快乐。
With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。
⑦[表条件]若是；如果
With your permission, I’ll go. 你若同意，我就去。
【易错提醒】表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如：
With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点，我就买得起了。
With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些，我们完成这项工作还要快
些。
⑧[表原因或理由]因为；由于(某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为)
Gil was white and trembling with anger.吉尔气得脸色煞白，浑身发抖。
She trembled with cold.他冻得发抖。
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.听到这个消息，他高兴得跳起来。He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。
Her face became red with embarrassment.她因为难为情而脸红。
Her face burned with shame.她的脸因为羞愧而发烫。
⑨[表时间]当…的时候；在…之后；随后
With that remark, he left. 他说了那话就离开了。
With daylight I hurried there to see what had happened. 天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。
⑩[表同时或随同]随着；跟着（…的变化而变化）
The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.吸食香烟的数量越多，患心
脏病的风险就越大。
Blood pressure decreases with exercise.血压随着锻炼而降低。
The girl seemed to be growing prettier with each day. 那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。
【易错提醒】with和as均可表示“随着”，但前者是介词，后者是连词。如：
He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。
People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。
[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时
Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shoulder.米歇尔睡着了，头靠在他的肩上。
⑪
I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。
Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
⑫赞成；同意
I am with you there. 在那点上我同你意见一致。
[表对象或关系]对…（怀有某种感情）；关于；就…而言；对…来说
He is pleased with his new house. 他对他的新房子很满意。
⑬
The teacher was very angry with him. 老师对他很生气。
It’s the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。
[表对立或敌对]对立；反对
The dog was fighting with the cat. 狗在同猫打架。
⑭
He’s always arguing with his brother. 他老是跟他弟弟争论。
⑮与（风、水流等）方向一致；顺着…（反义词：against）
sail with the wind顺风驶船
swim with the tide顺着潮流游泳
⑯伴着（声音或手势）；带着（表情）
With a sigh, she leant back and closed her eyes.她叹了口气，身体向后倚靠，闭上了眼睛。
The front door closed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。
（2）against
①反对（反义词for）
Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢?There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。
②违背，违抗，违反
What you have done is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。
Jane married Jack against her own will. 简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。
③紧靠；倚
The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。
④迎着；逆着
You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。
We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。
⑤撞击，碰着
The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。
Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。
⑥映衬；相映；对照【高频再现】
The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。
⑦不利于
an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据
（3）by
①到…为止；不迟于
They had finished the work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。
Maybe she has come back by now. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。
I’ll have arrived by five o’clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。
【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接now时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表
示将来的时间状语时，多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用（尤其谓语是be动词时）。
②按…计算；按…买(卖)（后接单数可数名词，名词其前要用定冠词 the；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠
词）。如：
They are paid by the hour (by the month). 他们所得报酬按小时(月)计。
As we all know, the luggage is charged by weight.众所周知，行李是按重量收费的。
The parking here is charged by time.这里停车按时间收费。
③乘/坐…（by+交通工具、交通方式名词。名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。
by bus 乘公共汽车；by bike 骑自行车；by train 乘火车；by plane 乘飞机；by taxi 乘出租车；by ship 坐
轮船；by air 乘飞机；by water 走水路；by land 走陆路
但是，若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语，则也可以用冠词。如：
We’re going by the 9:30 train. 我们坐9:30的火车去。
We went to Shanghai by a large ship.我们乘一艘大船去上海。
④凭；靠（后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段）He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。
Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。
⑤表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分（by+身体部位名词或衣服名词）
Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。
The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。
⑥表升降、增减的程度（by+数量词）
The number of the students has increased by one-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。
She’s taller than her younger brother by two inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。
⑦在…旁边
Come and sit by me.过来坐在我的旁边。
⑧从看；依；按照
By the way, what time is it by your watch?顺便问一下，你的表几点了?
（4）through
①从…中通过；贯穿，穿过（强调从物体内部透过）
The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。
The sunshine comes in through the window. 阳光透过窗户照进来。
②通过，凭借（方法手段）
You can only achieve success through hard work.你得孜孜不倦方能成功。
③由于，因为
The thought of someone suffering through a mistake of mine makes me shiver. 想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦
头，我就不寒而栗。
④自始至终；从头到尾/底
We'll be in New York Monday through Friday.我们从周一至周五将一直待在纽约。
They will continue construction through the winter months.他们整个冬季将继续施工。
We worked through the night. 我们通宵的工作。
⑤经受；经历
The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
（5）for
①因为；由于
Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。
He is famous for his poems. 他因为他的诗出名。
For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。
②（表示目的地或方向）向；前往
They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。
Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗？
③支持；赞成（反义词：against）Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？
I’m all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。
④就…而言；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常）
He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。
He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。
The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。
⑤对于；至于；关于
For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.对她来说，书就像面包一样，是生活必需品。
It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。
⑥(表示时间、距离、数量)持续，达
For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。
We drove on for a few miles.我们继续往前开了几公里。
⑦（表示目的或功能）为了；用于
They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。
What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？
This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。
⑧（表示对象）为了，给，对于
Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。
Isn't that enough for you?.那对你来说不够吗？
⑨ (与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语)
Is there any need for me to go? 我有没有必要去？
It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。
It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。
（6）from
① (表示时间)从…起，始于
She is singing from morning to night. 她从早唱到晚。
②(表示范围或状态)从…(到…)
He ran all the way home from school. 他从学校一路跑回家。
Unemployment has fallen from 7.5% to 7.2%.失业率从 7.5％降到7.2％。
③ (表示距离)离(某处)…
Our school is two miles from the station. 我们学校离车站两英里。
④（表示来源）来自；出自
He comes from Shanghai. 他来自上海。
⑤ (用于 protect, free, keep, prevent 等动词后)免于，阻止，防止
The pill will relieve you from pain. 这药丸将使你免受痛苦。
⑥(表示区别、比较)
He is old enough to know right from wrong. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。I can’t tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
⑦(表示原料) 由…(制成)
Flour is made from wheat. 面粉由小麦制成。
⑧（表示原因）因为,由于
He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。
He is trembling from fear. 他吓得发抖
⑨(表判断、观点)由(…来看)，根据(…来判断)
From her looks you would say she was about twenty. 从她的模样看，你会说她约摸20岁。
The expression on his face changed from sympathy to surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。
（7）under
①[表示位置]在…下面；在…下方；在…底下
She sat very still under the tree.她在树底下静静地坐着。
All this happened under his eyes.这一切都发生在他的眼皮底下。
②[表示年龄或数量]低于；在…以下
Many children under five go to nursery school.5岁以下的许多儿童都上幼儿园。
The watch cannot be sold for under 100 yuan.这块表低于100元不卖。
The total is under what was expected.总数低于预计数。
③[表示从属关系、影响所及] 在（…领导）下；在（…影响）下；在（…统治）之下
He's very much under the influence of the older boys.那些比他大的男孩对他影响很大。
The army is under the command of General Smith.这支部队由史密斯将军指挥。
He kept the situation under control.他把情势控制下来。
④[尤指一层衣服]在的里面（或底下)
I was wearing two sweaters under the green army jacket.我在绿军装里套了两件毛线衫。
He had no shirt on under his thin jumper.他在薄套头衫里面没有穿衬衣。
He wore a vest under his jacket. 他在夹克里穿了件背心。
⑤在（…状况或条件）下
His best friend was killed by police under extremely questionable circumstances.他最好的朋友在极其可疑的情况
下被警察打死了。
Under normal conditions, only about 20 to 40 per cent of vitamin E is absorbed.正常情况下，仅有20%到40%的
维生素E会被吸收。
The car is under repair. 这辆汽车在修理中。
⑥用（…之名）；以（…的名义）；假借（…之名）
He never wrote under his real name.他从来不用真名实姓写作。
The patient was registered under a false name.那位患者挂号时用了假名。
（8）upon
①在…上
He set the tray upon the table.他把盘子放在桌子上。He bent forward and laid a kiss softly upon her forehead.他弯身向前，在她额头上轻轻一吻。
She sat upon the sofa.她坐在沙发上。
②一…即…；一…就…
Upon seeing her, I smiled and ran toward her.一看到她，我就笑了并跑了过去。
Upon his arrival at Qinhuangdao, he gave me a ring.他已到达秦皇岛就给我打了电话。
③将要发生；马上来临
The long-threatened storm was upon us.酝酿多时的暴风雨就要向我们袭来。
The wedding season is upon us.结婚旺季就要来了。
【短语】
once upon a time很久以前
look down upon瞧不起
upon my word 的确；我发誓
3. 常考的介词短语
①at＋名词
at a loss不知所措at dinner在吃晚餐at peace处于和平状态at dawn在黎明at war在战争中at work在工作
②其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒at the sight of 一看到……at the age of在……岁时in the face of 面对；面临in
addition (to)另外；除了in case of 万一in charge of负责；主管in favour of赞成；支持in need of 需要in
no time立刻in a hurry匆忙in preparation for为……作准备in return for作为回报of help/use 有帮助的/有用
的of importance重要的on behalf of代表
③by＋名词
by accident偶然地by chance偶然地by force用暴力by hand手工地by mistake错误地by the month按月算
④．beyond＋名词
beyond comparison无与伦比beyond control失控beyond description难以描述beyond doubt毋庸置疑beyond
expression 难以表达beyond (one's) reach够不到
⑤．in＋名词
in bed在床上；卧床in danger处于危险中in debt负债in difficulty 处于困难中in high spirits情绪高昂in need
处于困难中in order 整齐；井然有序in surprise 吃惊地in trouble 在困难中in use使用中
⑥on＋名词
on a trip在旅行on business出差on display/show在展出on duty在值班on holiday/vacation在度假on sale在出
售on strike在罢工on the way在途中
⑦out of＋名词
out of balance失去平衡out of control失去控制out of danger 脱离危险out of date过期out of order出故障out
of work失业
⑧under＋名词
under consideration在考虑中under construction在建造中under control在控制之下under discussion在讨论中
under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中4. 常考动词的固定结构和搭配
①★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
accuse控告 cheat欺骗cure治愈 inform通知remind使想起 rob抢劫
warn警告 rid使摆脱suspect怀疑 persuade说服convince使信服
②★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋for＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
blame责备 criticize批评forgive原谅 excuse原谅pardon原谅 punish惩罚
scold责备 thank感谢praise赞扬 respect尊重admire钦佩；赞赏
③★★★ 用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing) sth.”结构的常见动词有：
prevent阻止stop阻止keep阻止protect保护preserve保护；保存 defend保卫ban禁止prohibit阻止；
禁止shelter保护
④常考的动词短语
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 result from 由……造成，因……而产生
call at访问(某地) add to增加
call for要求；需要 care about关心
end up with以……结束 fix one's eyes on 注视
give in屈服；上交 get rid of免除；摆脱
look down on/upon轻视；看不起 make use of利用
run out of用完 take pride in因……而自豪
live up to不辜负 come up with提出
take on呈现 put forward提出
put up with忍受 make fun of取笑
adapt to适应 refer to涉及；查阅；指的是
come across (偶然)遇见 pick up捡起；用车接(某人)；接收
5.依据句式和搭配填介词【高频再现】
(1)与动词搭配，如： remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”；rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”。
(2)与名词或代词搭配，如： by accident“偶然”；by oneself “靠自己”。
(3)与形容词搭配，如：be curious about“对……感到好奇”；be proud of “因……而自豪”。
(4)其他搭配，【易错提醒】如：not ...until ...“直到……才……”；from ...to ...“从……到……”；
between ...and ... “在……和……之间”。
介词考点的关键能力：
【高频再现】
（1）高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。
（2）语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对学生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。
（3）名词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词之前，
如at night、on Sunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in、be good at等；还可位于不及物动
词之后，如listen to、arrive at、look for等。【易错提醒】
(1)及物动词后直接跟宾语时，无需再加介词。
(2)last、next等后跟名词表示时间时，无需加介词。
(3)不及物动词后跟宾语时，应加相应的介词。
(4)避免受汉语的影响。例如：“在……帮助下”的英语表达应为with the help of，而不是under the help
of。
【2024年高考命题预测】
根据高考考情分析2024年高考将：（1）考查常用介词的基本用法；（2）考查介词短语；（3）考查含有
介词的动词短语、形容词短语及名词短语。
预测考向1 考查介词的基本用法
1.（2024·重庆市七校第一次月考）When the news that people who have pre-ordered Huawei’s Mate 60 Pro
could pick up their new phone September 3rd hit the Internet, it immediately triggered a buying spree
among Chinese consumers, with long queues appearing at Huawei stores across major Chinese cities.
2.（2024·重庆市月考） many old Chinese art forms, Kunqu Opera has faced competition from mass culture
and a lack of interest among young people, but the recognition by UNESCO put Kunqu Opera in the international
spotlight at the same time as it began to experience a domestic revival.
3.（2024·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟）For example, many students take general
academic English in high schools _____ their high school Chinese Advanced Placement course.
预测考向2 考查与介词相关的短语
1．(2024·河南省TOP二十名校调研考试（四）)It consists some standard forms of movements,
natural movements and sounds, and simple but effective techniques.
2．(2024·广东省广东省四校联考月考)Described being in “an exceptional state of preservation,” the
sculpture was found at an archeological site in Lingjing, Henan Province.
3．(2024·河北省沧州市联考)The minority of Red Yao is one of the ethnic minorities in China, living in north of
Guilin. Guangxi Region, especially on Longji Rice Terraces(梯田). One of the biggest Yao festivals is the Clothes
Drying Festival, which falls the sixth day of the sixth lunar month.
4．(2024·河南省平顶山许昌济源洛阳四市第一次质量检测)The exercise also becomes part of PE class at a
college. “Our school asked us to do this exercise and sent a video our PE teacher,” said an Internet user.
预测考向3 考查介词短语（复合介词）
1．(2024·云南省名校第一次月考) start to finish, the conversion process takes roughly 90 seconds. It’s
designed to be included into existing seating systems, without requiring any major structural changes. The design
team hopes to eventually see the convertible chairs installed on every plane.2．(2024·江苏省连云港市月考)Then Kua Fu drank up all the water of the Yellow River and the Weihe River. But
that was still far enough.
