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Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature
话题阅读精练
模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介
八月炎天，度假巴西；雨林露营，险象环
Passage1 阅读理解 记叙文 240 生。作者在巴西雨林度假中都遇到了一些稀
奇古怪的事情。
时文阅读
巴西联邦共和国位于南美洲东部，东濒大西
Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 266 洋，是拉美地区最大的国家。本文简单介绍
这个国家的自然以及人文信息。
Passage1 完形填空 说明文 150 本文向我们介绍了乔戈里峰的相关信息。
本文主要讲述了一群大象向北迁徙来到了距
Passage2 完形填空 记叙文 270
离云南西双版纳500公里的地方的事情。
实战演练 本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的面积、地形和
Passage3 阅读理解 说明文 230
温度。
本文主要介绍了21世纪伟大的工程奇迹之一
Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 330
——青藏铁路。
Brazilian Rainforest Adventures
巴西雨林奇遇
On a very hot August day, I was on vacation in Brazil. We were camping near the wet Amazon rainforest. At
first, everything went as planned. We set up a tent and moved our things inside. I had a feeling that something
amazing might happen.
I needed to have a rest, so I sat on a black stone. But it wasn’t a stone at all—it was a little baby chimpanzee
(黑猩猩)! I saw that the chimpanzee was in a strange state. It seemed as if it had a broken arm. So I put a banana
leaf around its arm. Then, it went to another chimpanzee which I believed was its mother.
A few minutes later, I went to have a swim. I rushed to the river and happened to jump onto a log. To my
surprise, the log under my feet moved. I was standing on a crocodile (鳄鱼)! It slipped slowly into the river and
started to swim. Suddenly, the crocodile turned over and I fell into the water. The next thing I saw was a huge
waterfall (瀑布)!
I fell down the waterfall and landed in a secret hole behind the waterfall! Then, I saw the sunlight on the other
side of the hole. It was a big hole! To my surprise, I found out that I was back to my tent. Nobody seemed to notice
me.
时文阅读
在一个非常炎热的八月天，我正在巴西度假。我们在潮湿的亚马逊雨林附近露营。起初，一切都按计
划顺利进行。我们搭了一个帐篷，把我们的东西搬进去。直觉告诉我，接下来可能会发生一些惊人的事情。我需要休息一下，于是我坐在了一块黑色的石头上。但它根本不是一块石头——它是一只小黑猩猩！
我察觉到黑猩猩状态不太对，它的胳膊好像断了。于是我在它的手臂边放了一片香蕉叶。然后，它去到了
另一只黑猩猩那，它一定是小黑猩猩的母亲。
几分钟后，我去游泳了。我冲到河边，碰巧跳到一根原木上。我惊讶地发现我脚下的原木动了。我站
在了一只鳄鱼上！它缓缓滑入河中，开始游动。突然，鳄鱼翻了个身，我掉进了水里。然后我看到了一个
巨大的瀑布！
我从瀑布上摔下来，落在了瀑布后面的一个秘密洞里！我看到了洞口另一边的阳光。那是一个大洞！
令我惊讶的是，我发现我回到了我的帐篷。似乎没有人察觉到这一切。
【长难句分析】
1.At first, everything went as planned.
本句含有as引导的方式状语从句，主句和从句的主语一致，且从句中的谓语含有be动词的某种形式，可
以省略从句的主语和谓语it was，as意为“按照……的方式（样子）”。
2. It seemed as if it had a broken arm.
It seems/seemed as if…句型用来表达“看起来好像……”，其中seem为系动词，后面跟的是as if引导的表语
从句。当表示真实情况时，从句使用陈述语气，否则就用虚拟语气。
3. Then, it went to another chimpanzee which I believed was its mother.
本句含有which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词another chimpanzee，which在从句中作主语，不可省略，I
believed为插入语。
【重难词汇梳理】
August [ˈɔːɡəst] n. 八月 sunlight [ˈsʌnlaɪt] n. 阳光
Amazon rainforest亚马逊雨林 to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是
set up搭起；搭建 find out 发现
tent [tent] n. 帐篷 notice [ˈnoʊtɪs] v. 注意；察觉
turn over 翻身 secret [ˈsiːkrət] adj. 秘密的
典句分析
【读后练习】
Ⅰ. Fill in the mind map according to passage.Ⅱ.Choose the best answer.
5. Something was wrong with_________ .
A. the baby chimpanzee B. the mother chimpanzee
C. the crocodile D. the writer himself
6. What does the underlined word “log” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. riverside B. crude wood
C. plastic bottle D. bamboo pole
7. What happened after the crocodile turned over?
A. The writer jumped onto the land.
B. The writer climbed up into a boat.
C. The writer fell into the water.
D. The writer fought against the crocodile.
8. This article is a .
A. science fiction B. personal diary
C. current news D. commercial advertisement
Ⅲ. Talk with your partners and write down your answers.
9. What amazing things did you dream about?
_________________________________________________________________________
10. Where would you like to spend your holidays next summer? Why？
_________________________________________________________________________
答案
1. camped 2. chimpanzees 3. crocodile 4. back to my tent 5.A 6 .B 7.C 8. A
9.I dreamed that I became a robot. （答案不唯一） 10. I’d like to go to the seaside for my holiday. Because I like
the sea.（答案不唯一）解析
1-4 略。
5. A 推理判断题。事实推断法。由第二段中的“... it was a little baby chimpanzee! I saw that the chimpanzee
was in a strange state. It seemed as if it had a broken arm.”可知，幼儿黑猩猩处在奇怪的状态，好像胳膊骨折
了。由此可推断，幼儿黑猩猩有什么地方不适。故选 A。
6. B词义判断题。根据第三段段意可知作者其实是站在一只鳄鱼身上，A选项为岸边，B 选项为原木C选
项为塑料瓶，D选项为竹竿，最接近鳄鱼外形的是原木。故选B。
7. C 细节理解题。细节定位法。由题干信息的关键词“turned over”可定位于倒数第二段第六句“Suddenly,
the crocodile turned over and I fell into the water.”由此可知，鳄鱼翻了个身，我就掉进水里了。故选 C。
8. A 根据文章内容可判断出本文是应节选自科幻小说，故选A。
Passage2
Hello, Brazil!
你好，巴西！
Located in the eastern part of South America, Brazil covers 8.51
million square kilometers and has about 217 million people. It is rich
in resources like minerals, land, forests, and water power and has the
strongest economy in Latin America.
Life kingdom
The Amazon rainforest, known as “the lungs of the planet”,
houses numerous plant and animal species, as well as a million indigenous (本土的) people. Most of it is in Brazil.
Carnival
Carnival is a significant event in Brazil, with Rio de Janeiro being the top draw for tourists. Its Carnival is one
of the biggest and most luxurious globally activities.
Delicacy
Beans are main food in Brazil, symbolizing the nation’s cuisine. They represent the country’s culinary identity,
shaped by its history of poverty, colonization (殖民化), and modernization.
Vista Chinese
The Vista Chinesa, a Chinese-style pavilion (亭子) in Tijuca National Park, offers attractive city views. Built
in the early 1900s, it honors the first tea farmers.
翻译：巴西位于南美洲东部，占地851万平方千米，人口约2.17亿。它拥有丰富的矿产、土地、森
林和水力等资源，是拉丁美洲最强大的经济体。
生命王国
亚马逊雨林被称为“地球之肺”，是无数动植物物种的家园，也是 100万土著居民的家园。大部分都在
巴西。
狂欢节
狂欢节是巴西的一项重要活动，里约热内卢狂欢节是最吸引游客的地方。它的狂欢节是全球规模最大
最豪华的活动之一。美味
豆类是巴西的主要食物，象征着这个国家的美食。它们代表了这个国家的烹饪身份，这是由其贫穷、
殖民和现代化的历史所塑造的。
中国亭
位于蒂茹卡国家公园的中式凉亭“Vista Chinese”可以欣赏到迷人的城市景色。它建于20世纪初，是为
了纪念第一批茶农。
【长难句分析】
1.Its Carnival is one of the biggest and most luxurious globally activities.
它的狂欢节是全球规模最大、最奢华的活动之一。这是一个简单句，one of +最高级+可数名词复数，表示
“最……的之一”。
【重难词汇梳理】
locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ v.位于cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/ v.占（一片 动
面积） represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ v.代表
million /ˈmɪljən/ num.一百万 poverty /ˈpɒvəti/ n.贫困
be rich in 富含；充满 attractive /əˈtræktɪv/ adj.吸引人的
economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n.经济 honor /ˈɒnə(r)/ v.纪念
known as 被称为 as well as 也event /ɪˈvent/ n.活
【读后练习】
I. Complete the mind map with the information from the text.
II. Choose the right answer.
1. Where is Brazil located?
A. In the western part of South America.
B. In the eastern part of South America.
C. In the northern part of South America.
D. In the southern part of South America.
2.What is the significance of the Amazon rainforest?
A. It is the largest desert in the world.
B. It is known as “the lungs of the planet” and houses numerous species.C. It is primarily located in Argentina.
D. It is a popular tourist destination for beaches.
3.What does the underlined word “luxurious” mean?
A. 盛大的 B.疯狂的 C.冷清的 D.满意的
4.Which part of a magazine does the passage probably come from?
A.Sports World. B.Food and Health. C.Family Life. D. Nature and Culture.
III. Complete the summary of the text.
Brazil is located 1.________ the eastern part of South America. It is a large country that covers 8.51 million
square kilometers and 2.________ (has) a population of about 217 million people. The country is very rich in
resources, 3.________ (include) minerals, land, forests, and water power. Brazil has the 4.________ (strong)
economy in Latin America.
The Amazon rainforest is home to many different 5.________ (type) of plants and animals. There are also
about a million indigenous people living in the rainforest.
Carnival is a very 6.________ (importance) event in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro is the most popular place for
tourists to go to celebrate Carnival. The Carnival in Rio de Janeiro is one of the biggest and most luxurious
7.________ (activity) in the world.
Beans are a very important food in Brazil. They are a symbol of the 8.________ (country) cuisine. Beans
represent the history of Brazil’s food, which has been 9.________ (shape) by its past of poverty, colonization, and
modernization.
The Vista Chinese is a special place in Tijuca National Park. It is a Chinese-style pavilion that offers beautiful
views of the city. It was built in the early 1900s 10.________ (honor) the first tea farmers in Brazil.
【答案】
I.1.eastern 2.resources 3.rainforest 4.event 5.Main
II.BBAD
1.细节理解题。根据“Located in the eastern part of South America...”可知，巴西位于南美洲东部。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据“The Amazon rainforest, known as ‘the lungs of the planet’, houses numerous plant and
animal species, as well as a million indigenous people.”可知，亚马逊雨林被称为“地球之肺”，是无数动植物物
种的家园。故选B。
3.词句猜测题。根据“Its Carnival is one of the biggest and most luxurious globally activities.”可知，从此是在形
容狂欢节的体量，因此luxurious意为“盛大的”。故选A。
4.推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了巴西这个国家的自然以及人文信息，能够在“自然和文化”
板块中读到。故选D。
III.1.in 2.has 3.including 4.strongest 5.types 6.important 7.activities 8.country’s 9.shaped 10.to honor
1.此处介绍的是巴西的地理位置，巴西与南美洲是包含关系，要用介词in。故填in。
2.根据“covers 8.51 million square kilometers”可知，and前后动词形式要一致，要用have的单三形式。故填
has。
3.根据“minerals, land, forests, and water power.”可知，此处指包括哪些资源，要用介词 including。故填
including。4.根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填strongest。
5.根据“different”可知，此处要用可数名词的复数形式。故填types。
6.此处要用形容词作定语修饰名词event。故填important。
7.“one of +最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……的之一”。故填activities。
8.此处指国家的美食，应用名词所有格形式。故填country’s。
9.此处是现在完成时的被动语态，应用动词的过去分词。故填shaped。
10.此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to honor。
实战演练
Passage1
（23-24八年级下·广东·课前预习）Have you ever heard of Mount K2 (乔戈里峰)? It is known as Savage
Mountain because many people 1 die or get hurt while they were climbing it.
K2 is the second highest mountain in the world after Qomolangma. People never 2 Mount K2 in
winter. Both storms and cold weather make it 3 to climb this mountain during that time. K2 is famous as
one of the most 4 mountains to climb. It is known by different 5 such as Chogori, Ketu and
Mount Godwin-Austen. The name Chogori 6 “the king of mountains”.
A part of the mountain lies in Pakistan. The other 7 of the mountain lie in Xinjiang, China.
Thomas Montgomerie did the first survey of Mount K2 and measured its height. He named the 8 K2
—“K” stood for Kechu. K2 was the second mountain listed, so the name 9 the number “2”. The 10
time to climb K2 is between April and October. It takes at least 3 weeks to complete the climbing.
1．A．used to B．tried to C．shouted to D．listened to
2．A．fall B．achieve C．succeed D．climb
3．A．important B．impossible C．surprised D．amazing
4．A．difficult B．delicious C．expensive D．boring
5．A．names B．pictures C．classes D．stories
6．A．listens B．shows C．calls D．means
7．A．objects B．parts C．voices D．opinions
8．A．mountain B．desert C．river D．survey
9．A．led B．had C．beat D．broke
10．A．oldest B．farthest C．best D．newest
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．C
【导语】本文向我们介绍了乔戈里峰的相关信息。
1．句意：它被称为野蛮巨峰，因为过去许多人在攀登这座山时会死亡或受伤。
used to曾经；tried to尽力；shouted to大声喊道；listened to听。根据文中“It is known as Savage Mountain
because many people...die or get hurt while they were climbing it.”以及下文可知，乔戈里峰十分险峻，曾经很多人在攀爬时死在了路上。故选A。
2．句意：人们从不在冬天攀登乔戈里峰。
fall落下；achieve完成；succeed成功；climb攀登。根据文中“People never...Mount K2 in winter.”及下文可
知，乔戈里峰在冬天天气恶劣，因此没有人在冬天爬乔戈里峰。故选D。
3．句意：暴风雨和寒冷的天气使得在这段时间内无法攀登这座山。
important重要的；impossible不可能的；surprised惊讶的；amazing令人惊喜的。根据“Both storms and
cold weather make it...to climb this mountain during that time.”可知，在极端天气下爬乔戈里峰是不可能的。
故选B。
4． 句意：乔戈里峰作为最难爬的山之一而出名。
difficult困难的；delicious美味的；expensive昂贵的；boring无聊的。根据“It is known as Savage Mountain
because many people used to die or get hurt while it.”可知，乔戈里峰是最难爬的山之一。故选A。
5．句意：它以不同的名字而闻名，如乔戈里、Ketu和Mount Godwin-Austen。
names名字；pictures图片；classes班级；stories故事。根据文中“Chogori, Ketu and Mount Godwin-Austen.
The name Chogori...”可知，此处指这座山峰的名字。故选A。
6．句意：Chogori这个名字的意思是“山之王”。
listens 听；shows 展示；calls 打电话；means 意思是。根据文中“the king of mountains”可知，是对
“Chogori”的解释。故选D。
7．句意：这座山的其他部分位于中国新疆。
objects 物体；parts 部分；voices 声音；opinions 意见。根据“A part of the mountain lies in Pakistan. The
other...of the mountain lie in Xinjiang, China.”可知，乔戈里峰的一部分在Pakistan，其余部分在中国新疆。故
选B。
8．句意：他把这座山命名为K2。
mountain山；desert沙漠；river河流；survey调查。根据文中“He named the...K2”以及上文“Have you ever
heard of Mount K2 (乔戈里峰)? It is known as Savage Mountain”可知，是给这座山命名。故选A。
9．句意：乔戈里峰是第二座被列入名单的山峰，所以名字中有数字“2”。
led导致；had有；beat击打；broke打破。根据文中“K2 was the second mountain listed, so the name...the
number ‘2’.”可知，K2这个名字有数字“2”。故选B。
10．句意：攀登K2的最佳时间是在四月到十月之间。
oldest最古老的；farthest最远的；best最好的；newest最新的。根据文中“The...time to climb K2 is between
April and October.”可知，四月到十月是攀登K2的最佳时间。故选C。
Passage2
Last year, a group of elephants made a decision(决定): go north! After months of traveling, they 1
it 500 kilometers away from their home in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. And it seems that they are not going to 2
their trip anytime soon. “Asian elephants often stay within certain areas. It’s very 3 to see them travel
such a long way,” said Chen Mingyong, a life sciences professor at Yunnan University.
Scientists are 4 not sure why they are doing this. Some believe it’s because they are looking forbetter food. According to Zhao Huaidong from the International Fund for Animal Welfare, the number of Asian
elephants is 5 because of human protection efforts(努力). So their old homes might not have enough
food for them. Meanwhile, the crops, vegetables and fruit that people grow are quite attractive to elephants.
6 possibility, according to Chen, is that they have lost their way. Some scientists also believe that
they are traveling due to migratory instinct(迁徙本能). Recent solar activity has changed Earth’s magnetic field(磁
场). This might make the elephants think that they 7 migrate.
During their long journey, the 15 elephants have already damaged 561,333 square meters of crops and
caused economic losses of nearly 6.8 million yuan. But since they are 8 Class-A protection in China, the
same as the giant panda, we need to protect them. To ensure the safety of both humans and the elephants, people
have fed them tons of food to guide them 9 from towns and cities. Seventy-six police cars and trucks and
nine drones(无人机) have been used to keep an 1 0 on the elephants. Scientists also suggest that we
should use harmless fences(栅栏) to guide them on their way home.
1．A．went B．walked C．made D．ran
2．A．start B．change C．stop D．turn
3．A．interesting B．unusual C．common D．surprised
4．A．maybe B．still C．already D．instead
5．A．raising B．keeping C．falling D．rising
6．A．Another B．The other C．Other D．One
7．A．may B．should C．shall D．will
8．A．below B．under C．through D．among
9．A．away B．out C．into D．around
10．A．ear B．eye C．arm D．answer
【答案】
1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了一群大象向北迁徙来到了距离云南西双版纳500公里的地方的事情。
1．句意：经过几个月的旅程，它们来到了距离云南西双版纳500公里的地方。
went去；walked散步；made使得；ran跑。根据“After months of traveling, they...it 500 kilometers away
from their home”可知是指大象们经过几个月的旅程，终于来到了距离云南西双版纳500公里的地方，make
it“（经历艰难困苦后）成功……”。故选C。
2．句意：而且看起来它们短期内不会停止它们的旅行。
start开始；change改变；stop停止；turn转变。根据“And it seems that they are not going to...their trip
anytime soon.”可知大象们短期内不会停止下来，故选C。
3．句意：看到它们旅行这么远是很不寻常的。
interesting有趣的；unusual不同寻常的；common普通的；surprised惊讶的。根据“Asian elephants often
stay within certain areas.”可知亚洲象经常待在特定的区域，所以它们旅行这么远是很不寻常的，故选B。
4．句意：科学家们仍然不确定它们为什么这样做。maybe也许；still仍然；already已经；instead代替。根据“Scientists are...not sure why they are doing this”以
及后句的介绍可知，目前科学家们仍然不确定大象们为什么这样做，故选B。
5．句意：国际爱护动物基金会的赵怀东表示，亚洲象数量的增加是因为人类的保护措施。
raising提升；keeping保持；falling落下；rising升起。根据“because of human protection efforts(努力)”可知
因为人类的保护措施，所以亚洲象数量增加了，此处应用不及物动词rise，raise是及物动词，一般指的是
人为地把某个对象抬高。故选D。
6．句意：陈说，另一种可能是它们迷失了方向。
Another三者及以上的另一个；The other两者中的另一个；Other其他的，后常加名词复数；One一个。根
据前文介绍可知，关于大象的旅行，有好几种猜测，所以此处是指另一种可能性，应用another，故选A。
7．句意：这可能会让大象认为它们应该迁徙。
may可能；should应该；shall将要，用于第一人称；will将。根据“Recent solar activity has changed Earth’s
magnetic field(磁场)”可知太阳活动已经改变了地球磁场，这会让大象认为它们应该迁徙。故选B。
8．句意：但因为它们和大熊猫一样，在中国是一级保护动物，所以我们需要保护它们。
below在……下面；under在……下面；through通过；among在……中。根据“ But since they are...Class-A
protection in China, the same as the giant panda, we need to protect them”可知是指在……的保护下，英文表达
为under the protection of...。故选B。
9．句意：为了确保人和大象的安全，人们喂了它们成吨的食物，引导它们离开城镇和城市。
away远离；out外出；into进入；around周围。根据“people have fed them tons of food to guide them...from
towns and cities. ”可知是指人们引导大象远离城镇和城市。故选A。
10．句意：76辆警车和卡车以及9架无人机被用来监视大象。
ear耳朵；eye眼睛；arm手臂；answer回答。根据“Seventy-six police cars and trucks and nine drones(无人
机) have been used to keep an...on the elephants. ”可知警车、卡车和无人机都是来监视大象的，keep an eye
on“注意，留意”，故选B。
Passage3
The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world. It is about 9 600 000 square kilometers in size. This
is almost the size of the America or China. The desert covers eleven countries in the north of Africa.
The Nile runs through the Sahara Desert all year round. But there are also other rivers running through it
seasonally (季节性地). The geography of the desert includes huge sand dunes (沙丘) and dune fields. Some of the
sand dunes are 80 huge that they can even be over 152 meters high. But there are also other amazing landforms (地
形) in different parts of the desert.
It is very hot and dry in the Sahara Desert. The temperature there is usually 30℃. However, during the
hottest months, the temperature can go over 50℃. Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the
desert, only a few plants live here, just about 500 kinds. They also play a role in the number of animals. In the
driest part of the desert, there are only 70 different kinds of animals.
Today the Sahara’s population is around four million. They move from place to place through the desert.Because of this there are many different cultures and languages in this area.
1．From the first paragraph we can know that the Sahara Desert ________.
A．is the same as America in size B．is almost as big as China
C．is about 960 000 square kilometers in size D．covers eleven countries in the south of Africa
2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to?
A．High temperatures and poor conditions. B．Some plants and animals.
C．Huge dunes and dune fields. D．Languages and culture.
3．What can’t we know about the Sahara Desert?
A．Its size. B．Its landforms. C．Its temperatures. D．Its future.
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．There is no water in the Sahara Desert. B．Only the Nile goes through the desert.
C．There are only seventy different kinds of plants living there.
D．The Sahara area is rich in culture and language.
5．Where can we find the passage most probably?
A．In a storybook. B．In a sports magazine.
C．In a geography book. D．In a health newspaper.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的面积、地形和温度。
1．细节理解题。根据“It is about 9 600 000 square kilometers in size. This is almost the size of the
America or China.”可知，撒哈拉沙漠的面积几乎相当于美国或中国的面积。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Because of the high temperatures and poor conditions of the desert, only a few
plants live here, just about 500 kinds. ”可知，划线部分“they”应指代前面提到的高温和恶劣的条件。故选
A。
3．细节理解题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的面积，第二段介绍了它的地形，第三段
介绍了它的温度，未提及它的未来。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“Because of this there are many different cultures and languages in this area.”可
知，撒哈拉沙漠拥有丰富的文化和语言。故选D。
5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的相关内容，故推出我们最有可能在地
理书上看到这篇文章。故选C。
Passage4
（2022·江苏苏州·中考真题）All aboard! Let’s take a ride on the world’s highest railway—the Qinghai-
Xizang Railway（青藏铁路）. Sit back and enjoy the journey. Get ready for the trip of a lifetime.
We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery along the way is some of the
wildest in all of China. Keep your eyes open as we race through this beautiful land.
You might see a rare Xizangan antelope（藏羚羊）from your window.Before we begin our journey, let’s learn about this amazing railway. It’s truly one of the great engineering
wonders of the 21st century. When it was completed on July 1, 2006, the Xizang Railway set nine world records,
including the world’s highest railway at 5,072 metres above sea level, the world’s highest tunnel（隧道）at 4,905
metres, and the longest tunnel ever built on permafrost（冻土）.
As we travel higher, the air gets thinner and thinner. Soon there will only be 50 to 60 percent of the oxygen
which we are used to breathing. But don’t be afraid. Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems. One system
spreads oxygen throughout the train at all times. And each passenger can also get a personal oxygen mask just like
those used in planes.
Here are a few more things to think about as our train leaves the station. The designers solved three main
challenges when building this great railway. First, the high altitude（海拔）made the task difficult because there
was no enough oxygen. Second, much of the railway runs across permafrost, a type of ground that keeps changing
as the weather warms and cools. Finally, the railway goes through some of the most sensitive ecology（敏感的生
态环境）in China. Great care was necessary to make sure of the smallest possible influence on nature.
All three challenges were met, making our trip possible. All aboard! The train to Xizang is leaving in fifteen
minutes.
1．Where are the passengers?
A．On a bus. B．On a train. C．On a ship. D．On a plane.
2．How does the text show the railway is amazing in paragraph 3?
A．By telling a story. B．By using a designer’s words.
C．By introducing its world records. D．By comparing the present with the past.
3．How many oxygen systems are there in each rail car?
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
4．Which of the following increased the difficulty of building the railway?
A．The changing ground. B．The polluted air. C．The dangerous animals. D．The hot weather.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了21世纪伟大的工程奇迹之一——青藏铁路。
1．细节理解题。根据“We’re leaving Qinghai Station. The scenery along the way is some of the
wildest in all of China”可知，乘客现在在火车站，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据“When it was completed on July 1, 2006, the Xizang Railway set nine world
records”以及“The designers solved three main challenges when building this great railway. First...,
Second,...Finally...”可知，第三段是通过介绍它的世界纪录来展示它的惊人之处的，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“Each rail car has two separate oxygen systems”可知，每节车厢都有两个独立的
氧气系统，故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“Second, much of the railway runs across permafrost, a type of ground that keeps
changing as the weather warms and cools.”可知，冻土层会随着天气变冷或变热发生改变，因此增加了建
设铁路的难度。故选A。
