文档内容
第二讲 从微观把握——题型技法,破解有
道
层级一 细节理解题大都比较容易,只需要认真阅读题目,细心
比对原文就能解答正确。对于这种题目,要认真解题,
送分题目分分得
确保一分不丢。
第一节 细节理解题——耐心比对
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INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习
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— — 题 型 技 法 , 破 解 有 道 \\ 知 命 题 .TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
INCLUDEPICTURE " 知 命 题 .TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
近3年高考细节理解题题量统计 考纲解读
年份 (1)命题人会要求考生根据不同的
2021 2020 2019
要求来阅读文章,以获得某些特定
卷别
的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。
新高考卷Ⅰ 6 8
(2)细节理解题有时比较直接,理解
全国卷Ⅰ(全国 7 7 6 字面意思即可答题;有时则较为间乙卷)
全国卷Ⅱ(全国
6 8 10
甲卷)
接,需要归纳、概括和推理才能答
题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量
全国卷Ⅲ 7 10
的60%左右,相对比较容易,是阅
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——题型技法,破解有道\\明策略.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
INCLUDEPICTURE "明策略.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
阅读理解的4种命题形式中, 细节理解题难度低,但占比极高, 故而成为考生从
阅读理解题中获取高分的基础。 值得注意的是, 近几年高考细节理解题的难度
有所增加, 题目信息往往是原文信息的同义转述, 有时答案需要跨段寻找,需要
将几个具体细节综合起来才能得出答案。细节理解题分为点式细节理解题、网式
细节理解题和数字数据题。要掌握其解题技巧,仔细阅读,认真分析,切不可掉以
轻心,确保基础题分分都要得。21教育网
命题方式 解题捷径 选项特征
1.特殊疑问句形式:以 采用寻读法,解题分三 正确选项特征
when, where, what, which, 步:
1.同义替换 2.信息归纳
who, how much/many等
第一步——先读题干,抓
疑问词开头引出的问题。 3.正话反说 4.原文原词
住关键词;
2.填空题形式:通常涉及 干扰选项特征
第二步——带着问题快速
与主题有关的事实或细
阅读短文,找出与问题有 1.张冠李戴 2.无中生有
节。
关的词语或句子;
3.曲解文意 4.颠倒是非
3.就文中数字、事件排序
第三步——仔细对比选项
等进行设问。
和原文信息,继而找出答
5.正误参半案。微技能一 INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021 年\\课件\
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高考 英语\\竖线.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021 年\\课件\\2022 版 创新
设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\竖线.TIF" \*
MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021 年\
\课件\\2022 版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\教
师 Word 文档\\专题一 阅读理解那些事\\第二讲 从微观把
握——题型技法,破解有道\\竖线.TIF" \*MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "竖线.TIF" \*
MERGEFORMAT 点式细节理解题——先题后文定答案
【题型概述】
1.直接细节题
直接在原文中找到,考生一般可以通读原文中的某句话或某个词语便能得出答案,
此类题属于低层次题。
2.间接细节题
一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息,要求在理解的基础上,对原文信息进行加
工或整理后得出结论。
3.数字数据题
一般需要根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据,通过计算(“加减乘除”法),得出正确
的结论。
【解题步骤】
解答点式细节理解题,可采取“先题后文,题干定位”法,即从问题中抓关键词
(题眼),运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干相吻合的关键词,关键段
落,仔细推敲,最后确定答案。
21cnjy.com
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习
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INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习
新高考 英语\\X2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜
\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\教师Word文档\
\专题一 阅读理解那些事\\第二讲 从微观把握——题型技法,破解有道\\X2.TIF"
\* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "X2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT“直接定位法”全取直接细节题
直接信息题一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息,往往只考查文章中的个别事实,
通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。这类题目比较简单,可以利用“直接定位法”
解题。
21·cn·jy·com
【典例1】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读B)
By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer.In his spare time though he goes on stage beside
pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner.“I’m not a trained
musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
24.What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner?
A.Read music. B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词:Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
2·1·c·n·j·y
第二步 定位到原文:根据题干中的关键词可以定位到第一段。信息句“I’ve
learnt to read music so I can hep Maria in her performance.”
21*cnjy*com
第三步 比对选项:由此可知,提特顿是钢琴家玛丽亚的乐谱翻页者,他学会识谱
是为了可以在玛丽亚的表演中帮助她。故选A。
4种特征直取间接细节题
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息,要求在理解的基础上,对原文
信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。可以利用正确选项的4种特征确定答案。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习
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INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习
新高考 英语\\X3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜
\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\教师Word文档\
\专题一 阅读理解那些事\\第二讲 从微观把握——题型技法,破解有道\\X3.TIF"
\* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "X3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【典例2】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)
Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the
Philippines.They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We
were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local
islanders ,” Dr.Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
34.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
【出处:21教育名师】
A.They could walk on stilts all day.
B.They had a superb way of fishing.
C.They could stay long underwater.
D.They lived on both land and water.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词:astonished
第二步 定位到原文:利用同义词复现确定答案,由关键词astonished定位文中的
“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local
islanders”为信息句,astonished与amazed为同义词。
第三步 比对选项:年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在
水下待很长时间。故选C。
【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
2法破解数字数据题数字数据题主要考查两种情况:一种是数字定位题,可运用“直接搜索法”解题,
即直接找到原文中的数字信息,然后匹配选项即可找到答案,这种类似于直接信
息题。还有一种是数字计算题,可运用“加减乘除法”解题,即在原文中找到相关
的数字信息后,再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解,利用加、减、乘、除等运算
方法进行简单计算,最终确定答案。
【典题3】 (全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is
hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often
spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small
numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,
400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone
accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000,
which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400.
C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词:How many languages
第二步 定位到原文:通过题干的less than 6,000 people at present可定位文章中
的倒数第二段
第三步 比对选项:由第一句可知世界上目前共有大约6 800种语言,又由最后一
句“世界语言的一半,不到6千人讲”,由此可知,不到6千人讲的语言只有6 800
的一半,即3 400种。故选B。
【典题4】 (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ阅读A)
3 Grand Prizes:Trip to Washington,D.C.for each of three winners, a parent and one
other person of the winner’s choice.Trip includes round-trip air tickets,hotel stay
for two nights,and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of
National Geographic World.
21.How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A.Two. B.Three.C.Four. D.Six.
【分析】
第一步 找关键词:How many people
第二步 定位到原文:第二段中“Trip to Washington,D.C.for each of three
winners,a parent and one other person of the winner’s choice.”可直接得出答案。
第三步 比对选项:由此可知,特等奖获得者可以带两个人(父母中的一人,另外
获奖者自选1人,共2人)。故选A。微技能二 INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021 年\\课件
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\专题一 阅读理解那些事\\第二讲 从微观把握——题型技法,破解有道\\竖线.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
INCLUDEPICTURE "竖线.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 网式
细节理解题——不厌其烦找答案
【题型概述】
网式细节理解题要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。因此在解答该类题目时
一定要不厌其烦,题目涉及的多处细节要一一找出,并对选项和原文进行一一比
对,做到万无一失。近几年高考网式细节理解题考查的较少,主要考查以下几个方
面:
1.正误判断题(3错1对或者3对1错);
2.常规多细节理解题。
【解题步骤】
命题人往往对网式细节理解题加以修饰和掩盖,这就需要考生要根据原文中的多
处信息才能得出答案。对于网式细节理解题,考生可采取“全面甄别法”:
第一步:仔细阅读题干, 抓取关键信息;
第二步:根据关键信息, 找到文章中相应的具体信息;
第三步:涉及的具体信息点可能不是单一的, 这时考生需要综合多个信息点并仔
细甄别, 全面思考, 综合考虑得出答案。
3步搞定正误判断题
对于正误判断题,一定要沉着应对,各个击破。逐个选项进行排查,且不可急躁或
者盲目自信。要认真分析,仔细比对。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习
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\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\教师Word文档\
\专题一 阅读理解那些事\\第二讲 从微观把握——题型技法,破解有道\\X4.TIF"
\* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "X4.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【典例5】 (浙江卷阅读A)
The children sat stunned and silent.Was this a teacher talking? One girl, who had just
come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for
a long time after I had finished.Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously,
“Mr.Holt, do you really mean that?”I said just as seriously,“I mean every word
of it.”
21·世纪*教育网
During the spring she really astonished me.One day, she was reading at her desk.From
a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself, “It
can’t be,” and went to take a closer look.Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick,
in the edition with woodcuts.I said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy
going?” She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the
next good part.”
44.Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the
passage?
A.She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B.She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C.She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D.She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
【分析】
第一步 分析选项:标出选项重要信息词。第二步 确定目标选项:根据选项重要信息词定位到文中第二段中的“I
said,‘Don’t you find parts of it...the next good part.’”确定目标选项A和C。B和
D项未提及。
21*cnjy*com
第三步 逐一对照:虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度,但是女孩在阅读时,会跳过
那些晦涩难懂的部分,选择容易理解的部分来阅读。故选C。
耐心敲定多细节理解题
对于一般的多细节理解题,虽然不像正误判断题一样逐个选项与原文排查,但这
类题目的答案也是综合原文多个信息得出的,因此也要不厌其烦,认真分析,方能
得出正确答案。
INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习
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INCLUDEPICTURE "F:\\甜甜\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习
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\\2021年\\课件\\2022版 创新设计 二轮专题复习 新高考 英语\\教师Word文档\
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\* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "X5.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
【典例6】 (2021·全国乙卷阅读A)
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in
world sport.
2-1-c-n-j-y·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D . P.R.Korea.Capacity: 150 ,
000.Opened:May 1,1989.
21教育名师原创作品
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.Capacity: 107,601.Opened:October
1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:
September 17,1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October 7, 1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September 24,
1927.
22.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A.Michigan Stadium. B.Beaver Stadium.
C.Ohio Stadium. D.Kyle Field.
【分析】
第一步 分析题干:题干问的是哪个体育场最古老,应定位至文章最后一部分对
各个体育场的介绍。
第二步 一一比对信息源:根据该部分的内容可知,四个选项中的体育场分别于
1927年、1960年、1922年、1927年开放。
第三步 综合概括:最古老的体育场为Ohio Stadium。故选C。
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(2021·南通市高三第一次调研)
In 1991, Keith White was at the centre of a 14-vehicle pileup when a truck crossed
the central reservation and hit the van in which he was a passenger.White survived, but
his left arm was crushed beyond repair, and he lost his memory for two years.
His pilot license was removed and he could no longer follow his passion for diving.But
he had been sailing since he was 16,and so, in 2004, he decided to buy a boat, fitting it
out so he could sail single-handedly.“I didn’t know at that point if I could sail with
one hand, ”he says.“But at the back of my mind I had always thought I could do
anything if I put my mind to it.”
Within a year, White took on the challenge of being the first one-armed sailor to
circumnavigate (环绕航行) the British Isles.Then he crossed the Atlantic alone in
2008.Last year he became the first sailor with a disability to circumnavigate the globe.
Sailing single-handedly for weeks requires mental, as well as physical strength,
especially when you are alone.So how does he do it? It’s a question that makes the
yachtsman (帆船比赛选手)laugh.“When you have seven children,it’s lovely to have
a little time on your own! It’s awesome,” he jokes.“I do a log every hour, and my
diary, and I read a few books.I have very little sleep.” “I’m a sociable person:I dolike lots of people around.Answering emails and chatting over social media can help
stop any loneliness.”he adds.
When White made his first Atlantic crossing, he was disappointed to have his peace
and quiet broken by his arrival on land.But, he says, he threw himself into meeting new
people.In between adventures, he likes sailing with people who haven’t tried it before
or getting involved in yacht races with friends.Perhaps the main reason for his success
in adjusting to life after a big adventure, he says, is that he always has an idea for a
new one.“It keeps me ticking over—there’s always something new to do.I just like
challenges and one leads to another.”
www-2-1-cnjy-com
【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。在一起车祸中,Keith White的左臂被压断,无法恢
复,他不能再潜水了。但是他没有放弃自己对航行的追求,成了世上首位环航全球
的残疾人。
1.Why couldn’t White continue his passion for diving?
A.He lost his left arm. B.His license was due.
C.He had a new hobby. D.His memory was poor.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段第一句的内容可知,White不
能潜水的原因是他失去了左臂。]
2.How did White spend his time at sea?
A.By staying awake.
B.By visiting old friends.
C.By keeping himself busy.
D.By attending to his children.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I do a log...a few books”可知,White在
海上航行时让自己很忙碌,故答案为C。]
3 . What mainly leads to White’s successful adjustment to life after a big
adventure?
A.Socializing with new people.
B.Scheduling new adventures.
C.Coaching new yachtsmen.
D.Organizing yacht races.答案 B [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Perhaps the main reason for his success
in adjusting to life after a big adventure,he says,is that he always has an idea for a
new one”可知,他在一次大的冒险后成功适应生活的主要原因是他总是安排新的
冒险,故选B。]
www.21-cn-jy.com
4.Which of the following best describes Keith White?
A.Creative. B.Humorous.
C.Easy-going. D.Adventurous.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据全文内容,尤其是第三段可知,Keith White在失去一
只手臂的情况下还独自进行了环球航行,这足以说明他具有冒险精神,故答案为
D。]
【温馨提示】 高考语篇通常选自英文网站和英文报刊,语言原汁原味。考前精做
1篇外刊阅读胜做1篇普通阅读。希望同学们多加重视。
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INCLUDEPICTURE "色块2+.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT 挑战外刊阅读
Farmer and village head George Shoko, from Chisuma village near Victoria Falls in
Zimbabwe, clearly remembers the last big thunderstorm he experienced.It was 11 years
ago, and it caused flooding.Now, he says, there is less rain each year, it falls later than
before, and the weather seems hotter.His home is not far from the Zambezi River, but it
is a water scarce area.
“Around Victoria Falls, people walk between three and 12 miles for water,” says
Charlene Hewat, director of the nonprofit organization Greenline Africa Trust.Hewathas been working with WWF to collect data on how people living around Victoria Falls
experience climate change.
21世纪教育网版权所有
From the 44 interviews Greenline Africa Trust conducted, two-thirds of respondents
said there was less freshwater, while 61% experienced more frequent conflicts with
wildlife, which compete with livestock for water and enter farms and villages in search
of food.Insufficient water combined with an increase in the prevalence of pests
(reported by 57% of respondents) contributed to crop failure.
As peoples’ livelihoods become more vulnerable, they turn to natural resources.Brick
-making, for example, requires large quantities of firewood during the firing process,
so it drives deforestation;__in turn, the removal of trees contributes to land
degradation along the riverbanks.
It really is all connected.
However, the Manyika family farm, on a small piece of land about 15 miles from
Victoria Falls, suggests what successful adaptation looks like.In March 2020, when
COVID - 19 abruptly halted sales, they bartered tomatoes for maize( 玉 米 ),
sorghum(高粱),and millet(小米) a practical innovation in a cash-poor economy like
Zimbabwe.
According to Hewat, more farmers are starting to think long term and are investing(投
资)in their own land and water provisioning to improve their yields.Hewat says she
realized very early on that “if we don’t involve communities in conservation in a
meaningful way, there is no hope for conservation.” And, she says, “Access to water
is fundamental.”(From https:// 世纪教育网 orld ildlife.org)
21 w w
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。文章介绍了来自Chisuma村庄的人们遭遇了因气候
问题导致的水资源匮乏等问题,以及这些问题的解决之策。
1.Which is not the problem that people from Chisuma village are faced with?
A.Less rain. B.Delay of rainfall.
C.Hotter weather. D.More floods.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第一段“Now,he says,there is less rain each year,it
falls later than before,and the weather seems hotter”可知,floods未被提及,故选D。]
2.What can be a result of a lack of water and pests’ occupation?
A.A decline in harvests.
B.More frequent conflicts with wildlife.
C.A decreased demand for natural resources.
D.Land degradation.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段“Insufficient water combined with an increase
in the prevalence of pests(reported by 57% of respondents) contributed to crop
failure”可知,水资源缺乏导致作物减产。]
3.What does the underlined word “deforestation” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A.Planting trees. B.Watering trees.
C.Shaving trees. D.Destroying trees.
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据上文“...requires large quantities of firewood during
the firing process...”和下文“in turn,the removal of trees...”可知村民在大量伐木。]
4.What is NOT necessary for the farmers to do if they want to get conservation?
A.To work with the nonprofit organization.
B.To think in a long run.
C.To hunt the wildlife.
D.To invest in their land and water.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,与非营利性组织合作、长远打算、投
资农业都是村民们保护水资源的方式,C选项未被提及。]
【精深阅读】
一、词汇积累
1.livestock n.家禽
2.insufficient adj. 不充分的
3.compete with livestock for water 与牲畜争夺水
4.contribute to crop failure 导致农作物歉收
5.a practical innovation 一个实用的创新
6.improve one’s yields 提升产量
二、语境训练——语境猜词/单句语法填空/长难句分析1....experience climate change...(Para.2) t. 经历,__ 体验
v 【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
2....two-thirds of respondents said...(Para.2) n. 受访者
【版权所有:21 教育】
3.Now, he says, there is(be) less rain each year, it falls later than before, and the
weather seems hotter.
4.His home is not far from the Zambezi River, but it is a water scarce area.
5 . From the 44 interviews Greenline Africa Trust conducted , two - thirds of
respondents said there was less freshwater,while 61% experienced more frequent
conflicts with wildlife,which compete with livestock for water and enter farms and
villages in search of food.(Para.3)
[分析] 本句为复合句,while为并列连词,表示对比。第一分句中said之后有一个
省略了连接词that的宾语从句;第二分句中which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词
为wildlife。
[翻译] 据 Gr eenline__Africa__ Trust 组织的 44 场采访显示,三分之二的调查对象
都反映淡水资源减少了,而 61% 的人则反映与野生动物的冲突更加 频繁,这些野
生动物与家禽争夺水源并进入农场和村庄搜寻食物。
[背景链接]
维多利亚瀑布又称莫西奥图尼亚瀑布,位于非洲赞比西河中游,赞比亚与津巴布
韦接壤处。宽1 700多米,最高处108米,为世界著名瀑布奇观之一。欧洲探险家,
戴维·利文斯敦1855年在旅途中发现它,并以英国女王的名字为其命名。维多利亚
瀑布1989年被列入《世界遗产目录》。