04 形容词和副词
I. 形容词
1.形容词的位置：形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况下后置
修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构
1 nobody absent, everything possible
成的复合不定代词时
以-able, -ible 结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或 the best book available, the only solution
2
only修饰的名词之后 possible
alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep 等作定语时后
3 the only person awake
置
4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long
5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful
6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with
______to take his adventure course will
certainly learn a
lot of useful skills.
enough修饰名词时可以前置也可以后置，但修
7
A.Brave enough students B.Enough
饰形容词或副词时要后置
brave students
C.Students brave enough D.Students
enough brave
注意：多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序
熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用
类别往后靠。
规则：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、
时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目
的）+ 名词。
▲This ________ girl is Linda’s cousin.
A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty
Spanish
2.复合形容词的构成
1 形容词+名词 kind-hearted 名词+形容词 world-famous
6
+ed
2 形容词+形容 dark-blue 名词+现在分 peace-loving
7
词 词
3 形容词+现在 ordinary-looking 名词+过去分 snow-covered
8
分词 词4 副词+现在分 hard-working 数词+名词 three-egged
9
词 +ed
5 副词+过去分 newly-built 1 数词+名词 twenty-year
词 0
3.形容词（短语）作伴随状语
As he looked at the goat, it rolled over, dead . 当他看着山羊的时候，山羊翻了个身，死了。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困难，他们宁愿走好走的路。
4.由及物动词的现在分词或过去分词转化成的形容词。
分词作表语或定语时，现在分词多表示主语或被修饰词所具有的特征，基本含义是“令人···
的”；过去分词多表示主语或被修饰词所处的状态，基本含义是“感到····的”。常见的该类
形容词有：
exciting令人兴奋的 excited 兴奋的 boring乏味的；令人厌烦的 bored厌烦的
interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 disappointing令人失望的 disappointed失望的；沮
丧的
surprising 令人吃惊的 surprised 惊讶的 relaxing令人放松的 relaxed放松的
amusing 令人发笑的 amused 觉得好笑的 confusing 令人困惑的 confused 困惑的
amazing令人惊奇的 amazed惊奇的 worrying令人担忧的 worried 担心的；担忧的
frightening令人害怕的 frightened 受惊的 exhausting令人筋疲力尽的 exhausted 筋疲力尽的
pleasing 令人高兴的 satisfying令人满意的 pleased 高兴的 satisfied满意的
tiring使人疲劳的 embarrassing令人尴尬的 tired疲劳的 embarrassed尴尬的
II.副词的分类：
时间副 soon, now, early, finally, always, often, frequently, seldom,
1 5 频度副词
词 once, recently never
地点副 here, nearby, outside,
2 6 疑问副词 how, where, when, why
词 upwards, above
方式副 hard, well, fast, slowly, how, when, where, why, whether,
3 7 连接副词
词 excitedly, really however, meanwhile
程度副 almost, nearly, very, fairly,
4 8 关系副词 when, where, why
词 quite, rather
形近副词的含义：
英语中，有些副词形式相近，常见的有：
hard努力地；艰难地 hardly 几乎不 late迟；晚 lately最近；近来
near在附近 nearly几乎；差不多 free 免费地 freely 自由地；畅通地close 紧密地 closely严密地；接近地 high在高处;高 highly很；非常；高度地
wide广阔地；充分地 widely广泛地；普遍地 deep深深地；在深处 deeply深刻地；深沉地
III. 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容
词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
规则变化：
构成 例词
原级 比较级 最高级
单音节的词一般情况 small smaller smallest
下直接加-er和-est
great greater greatest
hard harder hardest
以不发音的 e 结尾的 nice nicer nicest
单音节词加-r和-st
large larger largest
以一个辅音字母结 fat fatter fattest
尾，且前面只有一个
thin thinner thinnest
元音的词，先双写辅
音字母后再加-er 和- hot hotter hottest
est
以“辅音字母+y”结 easy easier easiest
尾的词，先把y变为i
happy happier happiest
再加-er和-est
early earlier earliest
其他双音节和多音节 careful more careful most careful
的形容词或副词都在
popular more popular most popular
前面加more和most
efficiently more efficient most efficiently
不规则变化：
原级 比较级 最高级
good,well better best
bad,ill worse worst
many,much more most
little less least
far farther（指时间或空间上“较 farthest（指时间或空间上
久；较远”） “最久；最远”）
further （ 指 空 间 距 离 “ 较 furthest（指空间距离“最
远”；“在更大程度上”） 远”；“在最大程度上”）项 目 例 句
同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not She is as tall as her mother.
so(as)…as…
I am not as/ so good a player as you are.
双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用 This picture is more beautiful than that one.
“ 比较级 （ + tha n ） ”
I have never seen such a more interesting film (than
的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另 this one).
一方阴藏起来的情况。
表示一方不及另一方时，用 “ less + 原 This room is less beautiful than that one.
级 + than ”的结构表示
表示一方随另一方变化时用“ the The harder you work, the more progress you will make
more…the more…”句型
I have never spent a more worrying day.
用比较级来表达最高级的意思 我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。
（意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。）
表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height,
length etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of
the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那
座旧楼大（高）三倍。
表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high,
long, etc.)as B.
倍数的表达 Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher,
longer, etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
用 times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用
twice或double.
注意：1. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far,
any, a great deal；
2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme,
perfect，superior,junior等。
巩固练习：
单句填空1. ____________ (general), giant pandas can breed when they reach 4 to 8 years old.
2.In a deeper sense, the “Lost Generation” were “lost” because they found the conservative morals
and 'social values of their parents to be___________ (relevant) in a post-war world.
3. They are making the space experience ____________(access) to ordinary people.
4. Covering an area of 190,000 square meters, the Cottage is the biggest, best preserved
and__________ (distinctive) relic in memory of Du Fu in China.
5. The news couldn't have come at a ____________(good)time.
6.We get imported fruits, but they are_____________ (expensive) than local fruits.
7.It wasn't until I___________(person) took part in the activity that I understood the real meaning of
it.
8. We've only got a limited number of tickets,so the____________(early) you email us, the more
likely you are to get one.
9.After I won the game,1____________displayed my prize. (proud)
10.1 think that Lily makes the ______________(good)biscuits in the world,so I decides to ask her
for help.语法填空
Yueyang Tower is 1.__________ ancient Chinese tower on the shore of Dongting Lake.It is one
of the Three Great Towers of Jiangnan. Yueyang Tower became famous for Memorial to Yueyang
Tower（《岳阳楼记》）2._______(write) by Fan Zhongyan,who was an excellent statesman of the
Norther Song Dynasty.
3.___________(lie) on the city wall of the west gate of the ancient city in Yueyang City,Hunan
Province,China,Yueyang Tower faces Junshan Island and overlooks Dongting Lake, being extremely
beautiful and 4.____________(impress). Since ancient times,the tower and the lake
5.___________(enjoy) the good reputation that Dongting Lake is one of the 6.__________(good)
lakes, and Yueyang Tower is incomparable among towers. The roof of Yueyang Tower covered with
yellow glazed tiles（黄色琉璃瓦）looks like a general's helmet in ancient China. It is the only
ancient 7._____________(build) with a helmet roof structure （构造）in China.
Before the Tang Dynasty (618-907),Yueyang Tower was mainly used 8.__________ military
purposes.After the Tang Dynasty,it 9._____________(gradual) became a famous scenic spot in
10.__________ men of letters chanted poetry and wrote fu.
语法填空
A little boy was spending his Saturday morning playing in his sandbox.He had with
1.__________ (he)his box of cars and trucks, and a shiny, red plastic shovel. In the process of
creating roads and tunnels in the soft sand, he discovered a large rock in the middle of the sandbox.
With 2.__________(determine),the little boy shoved and pried（撬开），but every time he
thought he 3.___________(make)some progress, the rock tipped and hen fell back into the sandbox.
The little boy continued. But his only reward was to have the rock roll back,4.________(injure)his
hubby（胖乎乎的）fingers.
Finally, he burst 5.__________ tears of frustration.All his time, the boy's father watched from
his living room window as the drama unfolded. At the moment when the boy's tears fell, 6.________
large shadow fell cross him and the sandbox. It was the boy's father.
Gently 7.___________firmly he said,“Son,why didn't ou use all the strength that you had
8._________(avail)?”
Defeated,the boy sobbed,“But I did,Daddy,did! I used all the strength that I
had!”“No,on,"corrected the father 9._________ (kind).“You didn't use all the strength you had. Youdidn't ask me for help."
With that the father reached down, 10.__________(pick) up the rock, and removed it from the sandbox.
