02.人工智能
一、阅读理解
1
Some are concerned that AI tools are turning language learning into a weakening pursuit.
More and more people are using simple, free tools, not only to decode text but also to speak.
With these apps’ conversation mode, you talk into a phone and a spoken translation is heard
moments later; the app can also listen for another language and produce a translation in yours.
Others are less worried. Most people do not move abroad or have the kind of on-going
contact with a foreign culture that requires them to put in the work to become fluent. Nor do
most people learn languages for the purpose of humanising themselves or training their
brains. On their holiday, they just want a beer and the spaghetti without incident.
Douglas Hofstadter, an expert in many languages, has argued that something profound
(深刻的) will disappear when people talk through machines. He describes giving a broken,
difficult speech in Chinese, which required a lot of work but offered a sense of satisfaction at
the end.
As AI translation becomes an even more popular labor-saving tool, people can be
divided into two groups. There will be those who want to stretch their minds, expose
themselves to other cultures or force their thinking into new pathways. This group will still
take on language study, often aided by technology. Others will look at learning a new
language with a mix of admiration and puzzlement, as they might with extreme endurance
(耐力) sports: “Good for you, if that’s your thing, but a bit painful for my taste.”
But a focus on the learner alone misses the fundamentally social nature of language. It is
a bit like analysing the benefits of close relationships to heart-health but overlooking the
inherent (固有的) value of those bonds themselves. When you try to ask directions in broken
Japanese or ruin a joke in broken German, you are making direct contact with someone. And
when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with perfect timing or put delicate
differences on an argument, that connection is more profound still. The best relationships do
not require a medium.
1. What is the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. Communicating through apps is simple.
B. Apps provide a one-way interactive process.
C. Using apps becomes more and more popular.
D. AI tools weaken the needs of language learning.2. What is Douglas’ attitude to language learning?
A. Favorable. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear
3. What do we know about the second group mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. They are keen on foreign culture.
B. They long to join in endurance sports.
C. They find Al tools too complex to operate.
D. They lack the motivation to learn language.
4. How does the author highlight his argument in the last paragraph?
A. By providing examples. B. By explaining concepts.
C. By stating reasons. D. By offering advice.
2
When Stanford University student Ellen Xu, now 18, was a five-year-old in San Diego,
Califormia, she clearly remembers that her parents rushed her little sister to the hospital.
Three-year-old Kate had fallen seriously ill; she had a fever, reddened eyes, and some
swelling (肿胀) in her hands and tongue.
At first, the puzzled doctors thought she had flu, but when her condition didn’t improve,
the Xus returned to the clinic room, where a doctor by chance had a similar earlier experience
with such symptoms (症状) in the blood known as Kawasaki disease. Though rare (罕见的),
it’s the leading cause of the heart disease in babies and young children, and its causes remain
unknown.
The doctor knew how to treat it: He ordered some medicine for Kate, and finally she
shook off the illness without suffering damage to her heart.
Xu remembers being curious about her sister’s illness condition and was amazed that the
grown-ups couldn’t answer her questions about why it was so hard to check. “In my mind, it
was this puzzle I wanted to solve,” she says.
Ten years later, wanting to enter a high school science fair, she had an idea. What if we
had a doctor in our pocket? So she created just that: Using AI, Xu designed a program that
uses visual facts to check the disease based on five physical symptoms.
The technology works the same way as apps that can identify birds and plants with
photos you’ve taken on your cellphone. Worried parents can upload a photo that they have
taken of their child, and the technology will scan the picture for symptoms of the disease,
which often have a strong visual factors, such as a swollen tongue.
Xu’s invention has been applied as a web app on the website. “The technology couldalso be developed for recognizing some other diseases,” she says, “It means a lot to me. I
want to use AI to help people live happier and healthier lives.”
Xu says that her sister Kate, now in her third year of high school with dreams of
becoming an environmental engineer, is strong and healthy.
5. Why did the author mention Kate’s illness?
A. To explain who treated Kate’s illness.
B. To prove how serious Kate’s illness was.
C. To show how much Ellen loved her sister.
D. To tell why Ellen solved the puzzle in her mind.
6. Why did Ellen design the program?
A. To save her sister. B. To earn a prize.
C. To check a rare disease. D. To identify birds and plants.
7. What can best describe Ellen according to the passage?
A. Determined and careful. B. Creative and helpful.
C. Diligent and selfless. D. Active and easygoing.
8. What is the best title for the text?
A. A Girl’s Road to Invention. B. An Invention Helping Doctors.
C. A Girl Recovering from a Disease. D. A New Method to Treat a Disease.
3
In the annals of human history, few subjects have generated as much excitement, debate,
and guess as artificial intelligence (AI). This revolutionary technology, which enables
machines to perform tasks that once required human intelligence, has the potential to
transform every part of our society, from healthcare and finance to transportation and
entertainment.
At its heart, AI is all about data. Massive amounts of data are fed into algorithms that
learn from this data, allowing them to make predictions, recognize patterns, and even make
decisions. This “machine learning” is the driving force behind many of the AI applications we
see today, from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to more advanced systems like IBM’s
Watson, which can analyze vast amounts of information to assist doctors in diagnosing
diseases.
The transformative potential of AI is undeniable. In the medical field, for instance, AI
can assist in early detection of diseases, predict patient outcomes, and even suggest treatmentoptions. In finance, algorithms can predict stock market trends, and provide personalized
financial advice. In transportation, self-driving cars equipped with AI systems promise to
reduce accidents, ease traffic jams, and transform urban landscapes.
However, with great potential comes great responsibility. The rise of AI has caused
debates about is ethical implications (道德含义). The machines are only as good as the data
they are fed, and there’s a growing concern about biases (偏见) being built into AI systems.
For instance, facial recognition technologies, used in everything from unlocking phones to
police monitoring cameras, have come under check for misidentifying individuals based on
race or gender.
Moreover, the widespread adoption of AI could lead to significant job displacement.
While new roles and industries might emerge as a result of AI, it is not sure that these will
pay off the jobs lost. This could increase income inequalities and causes difficulties to social
systems.
Another major concern is the “black box” nature of AI. Many AI systems operate in
ways that even their creators don’t fully understand. This can be problematic, especially in
critical applications like healthcare or criminal justice where understanding the logic behind a
decision is important.
Then there’s the potential for AI to be weaponized. In the hands of evil actors, AI could
be used to spread misinformation, control public opinion, or even engage in internet warfare.
The global community must come together to set standards and regulations to prevent such
misuse.
On the brighter side, many experts believe that by setting the right frameworks and
investing in education and retraining, we can use the power of AI for the greater good. By
fostering (促进) a culture of continuous learning and staying abreast (并排的，并肩的) of
technological advancements, society can benefit from the promise of AI while avoiding its
potential dangers.
In conclusion, artificial intelligence stands as one of the most profound inventions of our
time. While it offers vast opportunities, it also poses significant challenges that we, as a
society, must welcome. As we stand at this technological crossroads, our choices will
determine whether AI serves as a benefit or a harm for humanity.
9. Which of the following best describes the method by which machines acquire the
capability to perform tasks that traditionally required human intelligence?
A. By programming predefined rules.B. Through user interactions every day.
C. By ingesting and processing vast amounts of data.
D. Via regular software updates from developers.
10. In the context of the article, how does the author primarily demonstrate the effect of
artificial intelligence?
A. By citing numerous statistical data.
B. By presenting both the positive potential and the challenges of AI.
C. Through personal experiences.
D. By focusing on the negative effects of AI.
11. Which of the following is the best title?
A. The Rise of Virtual Assistants: Siri and Alexa
B. Understanding the Mechanisms Behind AI Algorithms
C. Artificial Intelligence: Charting the Course for Tomorrow’s Tech
D. Balancing the Potential and challenges of AI in Modern Society
12. What can we learn from the passage?
A. AI has already replaced most human jobs and is the leading cause of unemployment.
B. The global community has taken measures to prevent AI misuse.
C. The operation of many AI systems is easily understood by their creators.
D. The solving to the dilemma brought by AI needs collective efforts of our society.
4
Lately, it’s felt like technological change has entered an incredible speed. Companies
like OpenAI and Google have unveiled new Artificial Intelligence systems with incredible
capabilities, making what once seemed like science fiction an everyday reality. It's an era that
is raising big, existential questions for us all, about everything from the future of human
existence to the future of human work.
“Things are changing so fast,”says Erik Brynjolfsson, a leading, technology-focused
economist based at Stanford University. As he notes, this new wave of technological change
looks like it could be pretty different. Unlike before, experienced and skilled workers
benefited mostly from AI technology. In this new wave, it’s the less experienced and less
skilled workers who benefit the most.“And that might be helpful in terms of closing some of
the inequality that previous technologies actually promoted,” Brynjolfsson says. So one
benefit of intelligence machines is-maybe-they will improve the know-how and smarts oflow performers, thereby reducing inequality.
But it’s also possible that Al could lower the profit of the experienced, smart, or
knowledgeable ones.AI could reduce inequality by bringing the bottom up, and it could also
reduce inequality by bringing the top and middle down.
Of course, as Erik put, it’s also possible that Al could end up increasing inequality even
more. For one, it could make the Big AI companies, which own these powerful new systems,
wildly rich. It could also empower business owners to replace more and more workers with
intelligent machines. And it could kill jobs for all but the best of the best in various industries,
who keep their jobs because maybe they're superstars or because maybe they have seniority.
The effects of AI, of course, are still very much being studied and these systems are
evolving fast, so this is just an assumption. This machine intelligence could upend much of
the previous thinking on which kinds of jobs will be affected by automation.
13. What do the underlined words “the know-how and smarts” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Experience and intelligence. B. Skills and potential.
C. Capacity and experience. D. Outlook and talents.
14. Who will gain more in this new AI era?
A. The senior with high rank.
B. The inexperienced with low competence
C. The learned with great credit.
D. The poor with practical skills.
15. Which statement will Erik probably agree with?
A. The fast development of AI will promote the division of inequality.
B. AI Giants will be the dominator in the future world of new AI systems.
C. The best of all walks of life will survive the competition against AI systems.
D. Lower rank workers with little knowledge are bound to be abandoned by employers.
16. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. The Fast Growth of the Artificial Intelligence
B. The Influence of the AI Inequality
C. The Impact of the Artificial Intelligence
D. The Future of the AI Generation
5
If you’ve seen the film Finding Nemo, you might remember the character Dory and herattempts to speak “whale”. Now a team of scientists say they could be one step closer to
doing that. They used computer technology to analyze whale sounds and think they have
translated their first whale word.
Sperm whales don’t speak a “language” in the same way as humans do, but they
communicate by using a series of clicks. Scientists from Project CETI, an organization
dedicated to translating sperm whale language, have spent years listening to the creatures.
They have placed microphones on whales and planted underwater microphones off the coast
of the Caribbean island of Dominica to overhear the animals’conversations.
Now the team is using artificial intelligence(AI, computer technology that allows a
machine to imitate human intelligence by learning as it goes along) to find patterns in the
whales’ sounds. The scientists have been trying to match the sound patterns with the whales’
behavior to see if certain “words” match certain actions. This could reveal the meaning of
each individual sound or set of sounds.
So far, the scientists think they understand the signal for “dive”. They have also mapped
out a kind of sperm whale phonetic alphabet (phonetic means turning sounds into symbols).
However, like Dory, they have a long way to go before they can truly speak “whale”.
Unlocking the language of sperm whales could help to protect them. Whales are an important
part of marine (海洋) ecosystems all over the world. Their bodies also store large amounts of
carbon, which helps to reduce pollution in the atmosphere. If humans spoke “whale”, it could
be possible to warn them away from dangerous objects and areas, such as fishing nets they
can become tangled in or shallow shorelines where they can get stranded.
17. How do sperm whales interact with each other?
A. By making sounds.
B. By using microphones.
C. By tail movements.
D. By eye contact.
18. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. Giving an example to show that whales don't speak a language.
B. Presenting new evidence on the interaction methods of whales.
C. Introducing a scientific way to locate the position of the whales.
D. Employing a novel approach to interpret the whale’s language.
19. What could be a possible benefit of speaking “whale”?
A. To imitate the sounds made by whales.B. To understand the behavior of fishers.
C. To tell whales about potential danger.
D. To reduce pollution in the atmosphere.
20. What is the author’s attitude towards the project?
A. Unclear.
B. Hopeful.
C. Doubtful.
D. Indifferent.
6
In the past few months, Sam Altman, the father of ChatGPT, has become the hottest face
in the world of AI. Many industry leaders, AI researchers see ChatGPT as a fundamental
technological shift, as significant as the creation of the web browser or the iPhone. But few
can agree on the future of this technology.
Some believe it will deliver a utopia (乌托邦) where everyone has all the time and
money ever needed. Others believe it could destroy humanity. Still others spend much of their
time arguing that the technology is never as powerful as everyone says it is, insisting that
neither heaven nor hell is as close as it might seem.
Mr. Altman, a slim, boyish-looking, 37-year-old businessman and investor from the
suburbs of St. Louis, sits calmly in the middle of it all. As chief executive of OpenAI, he
somehow embraces each of these seemingly distinct views, hoping to balance the numerous
possibilities as he moves this strange, powerful, unperfect technology into the future.
He believes that artificial intelligence will happen one way or another, that it will do
wonderful things that even he can’t yet imagine and that we can find ways of reducing the
harm it may cause. It is an attitude that mirrors Mr. Altman’s own path.
He is not necessarily motivated by money. Like many personal fortunes in Silicon Valley
that are tied up in a wide variety of public and private companies, Mr. Altman’s wealth is not
well recorded. But he said the only money he stands to make from the company is a yearly
salary－ “whatever the minimum for health insurance is,” he said.
Georgeann Kepchar, who taught Advanced Placement computer science course, saw Mr.
Altman as one of her most talented computer science students－and one with a rare knack
for pushing people in new directions. “He had creativity and vision, combined with the
ambition and force of personality to convince others to work with him on putting his ideasinto action,” she said.
21. Which of the following is the latest technological shift?
A. iPhone. B. ChatGPT. C. Web browser. D. AI.
22. Which of the following word can best describe people’s attitude toward ChatGPT?
A. optimistic B. pessimistic C. similar D. contradictory
23. What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A. Altman is very thin and well-looking.
B. Altman can accept different views quietly.
C. AI will be a destructive technology.
D. AI probably has few possibilities.
24. How does Mr. Altman like AI technology?
A. AI will be fantastic. B. AI will be harmful.
C. AI will be visualizable. D. AI will bring him fame.
25. What does the underlined word “knack” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Vision. B. Skill. C. Discovery. D. Thought.
7
Whenever anyone asks me what tech I’d like to see invented, I always say the universal
translator, which lets you understand and speak any language.
Meta AI recently announced the start of the universal speech translator (UST) project,
which aims to create AI systems that enable real-time speech-to-speech translation across all
languages, even those that are spoken but not commonly written. Meta says that today’s AI
translation models are focused on widely-used written languages, and that more than 40% of
primarily spoken languages are not covered by such translation technologies.
According to Meta, the model is the first AI-powered speech translation system for the
unwritten language Hokkien (闽南语), a Chinese language spoken in southeastern China. The
system allows Hokkien speakers to hold conversations with English speakers, a significant
step toward bringing people together wherever they are located.
To build UST, Meta AI focused on overcoming three important translation system
challenges. It addressed data scarcity by getting more training data in more languages and
finding new ways to use the data it had found. It solved the modeling problems that arise as
models grow to serve many more languages. And it sought new ways to improve on its
results.Meta AI claims that the techniques it pioneered with Hokkien can be extended to many
other unwritten languages—and eventually work in real time. For this purpose, Meta has
released the Speech Matrix, a large collection of speech-to-speech translations, which enables
other research teams to create translation models for other languages.
Artificial (人工的) speech translation could play a significant role in our world. For
interactions, it will enable people from around the world to communicate with each other
more smoothly, making the social net more interconnected. For content, using artificial
speech translation allows you to easily localize content.
Yashar Behzadi, CEO and founder of Synthesis AI, believes that technology needs to
enable more natural experiences if the digital world is to succeed. He says that one of the
current challenges for UST models is the computationally expensive training that’s needed
because of the wide range and very slight differences in meaning or sound of languages. Also,
to train strong AI models requires vast amounts of typical data. A significant bottleneck to
building these AI models in the near future will be to ensure training data collect the privacy
in agreement with rules and law.
26. What is the feature of the UST project?
A. It changes spoken languages to written forms.
B. It attracts wider attention to written languages in translation.
C. It adds 40% of spoken languages into translation technology.
D. It enables real-time speech-to-speech translation across all languages.
27. What does the word “scarcity” underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A. Lack. B. Mistake. C. Recovery. D. Management.
28. What do we know about UST?
A. It is expensive to collect typical data.
B. It increases the use of a certain language.
C. Its techniques are finally developed for Hokkien.
D. It helps inspire interactions and content localization.
29. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. AI Translation: Make Translation Faster
B. AI Translation: Meet You in All Languages
C. Unwritten Language: Bring People Together
D. Unwritten Language: Translation Challenge二、完形填空
ChatGPT has been everywhere for the last few months. It raises 30 about their
impact on everything happening in our society.
ChatGPT is a natural language processing tool 31 by AI technology that allows
you to have human-like 32 and much more. The language model can answer
questions and 33 you with tasks, such as composing emails, essays, and code.
The 34 to produce frequently accurate responses to a vast range of questions is
why it became the fastest-growing app of all time, 35 100 million users in only two
months. The fact that it can also 36 essays, articles, and poetry has only 37
its appeal. It is also equally 38 at coding and productivity tasks. For the former, its
ability to 39 code from natural speech makes it a powerful partner for both new
and 40 coders.
Despite looking very impressive, ChatGPT still has 41 . Such restrictions
include the inability to answer questions that are worded in a 42 way, as it requires
rewording to understand the input question. A bigger limitation is a lack of quality in the
43 it delivers. Another major limitation is that its data is limited up to 2021. The chat
robot does not have any 44 of events or news that have occurred since then. Lastly,
ChatGPT does not provide sources for its responses.
30. A. requests B. concerns C. emotions D. doubts
31. A. driven B. followed C. inspired D. entertained
32. A. conflicts B. challenges C. interests D. conversations
33. A. manage B. control C. assist D. accompany
34. A. ability B. chance C. responsibility D. purpose
35. A. consulting B. reaching C. introducing D. counting
36. A. cause B. return C. exist D. generate
37. A. added to B. connected to C. devoted to D. owed to
38. A. determined B. equipped C. talented D. alarmed
39. A. save B. create C. choose D. describe
40. A. cautious B. untrained C. familiar D. experienced
41. A. limitations B. possibilities C. requirements D. advantages
42. A. right B. suitable C. specific D. natural
43. A. approaches B. responses C. contribution D. sensitivity
44. A. notice B. question C. feeling D. awareness三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Researchers have been applying artificial intelligence (AI)to monitor biodiversity and
enhance efforts to protect some species from 45 (threaten). Unlike conventional
methods, AI has the capacity 46 (analyze)massive amounts of data effectively.
Species are disappearing 47 a rate much faster than that millions of years ago,
with up to one million species on the edge of 48 (extinct). In response, the United
Nations set a goal in 2020 to safeguard at least 30%of Earth’s land and oceans. “Al is
imperfect 49 could promote important discoveries.” says Nicolas Miailhe, Paris-
based founder of the Future Society, an international non-profit organization 50
aims to better govern AI. “We badly need human practitioners to design models and interpret
data. ”
Besides monitoring biodiversity in real time, AI can also be used to model the impacts of
human activities on an ecosystem. Although it 51 (document) that human activities
have resulted in biodiversity loss, little is known about which environmental factors have
52 (large) impact.
“Long-term statistics will play 53 essential role in connecting changes in
biodiversity with environmental changes. ”says Luisa Orsini, who 54 (study)
evolutionary bio-systems at the University of Birmingham, UK.
