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高考英语语法词汇专项突破:04名词高考真题及典型试题百题专项训练(2-2)(答案解析版)_英语(2)_专项复习_2024年_2024高考英语语法词汇练习高考复习词汇短语全国通用_资料

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高考英语语法词汇专项突破:04名词高考真题及典型试题百题专项训练(2-2)(答案解析版)
第二组:高考真题名词专项训练50题
姓名:__________ 班级: _________ 限时:40分钟 分数:____________
I.阅读下列句子,在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
【考题1】(2022全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote
environmental _______ (protect).
答案与解析:protection。考查名词。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词
protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。句意:曹和吴还沿路收
集垃圾,以促进环境保护。
【考题2】(2021新高考II卷)A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was
switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
答案与解析:representative。考查名词。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单
数,所以填representative。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换
成纸杯。
【考题3】(2021北京卷)Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure, and they have
diverse_______ (idea).
答案与解析:ideas。考查可数名词的数。diverse“不同的,多种多样的”,形容词作定语,后接可数名
词复数;idea想法,可数名词。故填ideas。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有不同的看法。
【考题4】(2020浙江卷1月)For Japan, the__________(number) are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today
and 53 in 2050.
答案与解析:numbers。考查名词的数。number为可数名词表示“数字”,且根据下文are可知主语应
用复数形式,故填numbers。句意:对日本来说,这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁,今天是46岁,
2050年是53岁。
【考题5】(改编自2013江西卷) Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with ______
(patient).
答案与解析:patience。考查动词的名词形式。with+名词搭配的介宾短语。with patience耐心地。根据
主语the teacher,看出指出学生的mistakes应该是“耐心地”。故选填名词patience。句意是:无论什么时
候我犯了错,老师总是耐心地给我指出来。【考题6】(改编自2019年全国卷III)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different ______ (city).
Each of my cafes will have a different theme and a unique style.
答案与解析:cities。考查名词的用法。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。
句意是:我希望在许多不同的城市拥有连锁咖啡馆。我的每个咖啡馆都有不同的主题和独特的风格。
【考题7】(2018·浙江卷)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese
_______ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
答案与解析:dishes。考查名词的数。此处指中国菜,表示泛指应该用名词复数,故填dishes。句意
是:我认识的人中似乎很少有人渴望或有时间做饭。做中国菜被认为特别麻烦。
【考题8】(改编自2016年新课标Ⅱ卷)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain
_____ (know) we cannot get from books.
答案与解析:knowledge。考查动词的名词形式。根据及物动词gain肯出后面跟宾语,所以用所给动
词的名词形式,knowledge是不可数名词,没有复数形式。故填knowledge。句意:如果我们出国旅游,就
能拓宽我们的视野并学到书本上没有的知识。
【考题9】(2016年新课标Ⅲ卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived
from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.
答案与解析:development。考查动词的名词形式。the+名词+of…意为"……的……",这里指"筷
子的发展",故填development。句意是:有些人认为,中国伟大的学者孔子(大约生活在公元前551年至
公元前479年)影响了筷子的发展。
【考题10】(改编自2016年新课标Ⅲ卷.改错)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult
time for me. They were also the best and worse _____(year) in my life.
答案与解析:years。考查名词单复数。13至19岁不止一年的年龄差,此处为复数概念,故用years。
句意是:从13岁到19岁是我最困难的时期。那也是我一生中最好和最糟糕的几年。
【考题11】(2016年四川卷)Any smell might attract natural (enemy) that would try to eat the little
panda.
答案与解析:enemies。考查名词单复数。天敌不止一个,应该用复数形式,故填 enemies。句意是:
任何气味都可能引来天敌。
【考题 12】(2015 年新课标Ⅰ卷)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the
limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese
(painting).
答案与解析:paintings。考查名词单复数。 painting 为可数名词,根据修饰可数名词复数的形容词many确定用复数形式。故填paintings。句意是:我错过了附近的桂林,这里是游客们的梦想之地,他们寻
找石灰岩的山顶和漓江的黑暗水域,这些都是艺术家们在许多中国画中描绘的。
【考题13】(改编自2015年新课标Ⅱ卷.改错)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his
_______ (parent). ...Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.”
答案与解析:parents。考查名词单复数。看下文可知,是父母两个,所以用 parents。句意是:有一
天,小托尼和他的父母去购物中心. ...妈妈说:“再见到你真高兴!爸爸和我都非常担心。”
【考题14】(改编自2015年陕西卷.改错)Mum taught me some basic ______ (step) of baking.
答案与解析:steps。考查名词单复数。句意是:妈妈教我一些基本的烘焙的步骤。step 是可数名词,
用复数steps。
【考题15】(改编自2015年四川卷.改错)As I told you last time, I made three new ______ (friend) here.
答案与解析:friends。考查名词的复数。名词 friend 为可数名词,其前有 three 修饰,需要用复数形
式,故把填friends。句意为:正如我上次告诉你的那样,我在这儿交了三个新朋友
【考题 16】(改编自 2015 年浙江卷.改错)My old classroom was interesting because three ______
(side) of the classroom were made from glass.
答案与解析:sides。考查名词的单复数。根据前面的 three,此处应该使用复数形式。故填sides。句
意是:我的旧教室很有趣,因为教室的三面都是玻璃做的。
【考题17】(2014年新课标Ⅰ卷)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of
us the ______(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
答案与解析:changes。考查名词的单复数。因为这里缺少的是句子的主语,根据谓语动词 are 可知主
语应该是复数,故用 changes。句意是:对于我们大多数人来说,变化是逐渐的,需要很多努力和工作。
【考题18】(2014年新课标Ⅱ卷)For example, we can do reading for one and a half ______ (hour) and
play sports for one hour every day.
答案与解析:hours。查名词单复数。hour是可数名词,前面是one and a half时,后面的名词用复数形
式。句意是:例如,我们可以每天阅读一个半小时,运动一小时。
【考题19】(改编自2014年四川卷.改错)If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait for
your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and _______ (classmate).
答案与解析:classmates。考查名词单复数。Stay close to your teacher and classmate.从内容可知此处是
指许多同学们,应该用复数形式。故填classmates。句意是:如果你听到警报声,站在门口排队,等老师
领你出去。与老师和同学们保持密切联系。
【考题20】(改编自2014年辽宁卷.改错)Dear Jeremy and Alice,We've called several _____ (time)about Cleo's early morning barking.
答案与解析:times。考查名词可数与不可数词义辨析。这里的 time 是可数名词,表示“次数”。故
填times。 句意是:关于 Cleo 的早晨吠叫的事情我们已经打了几次电话。
II.从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
【考题21】(2022年天津卷第二次)When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________
while others can’t stop eating.
A. appetite B. power C. memory D. sight
答案与解析:A。考查名词词义辨析。A. appetite食欲;B. power权利;C. memory记忆;D. sight视
力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating表示对比,可知,前文表意与暴饮暴食相反,即毫无食欲。A项
符合句意。故选A项。句意:当人们郁闷时,有些人会失去食欲,而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。
【考题22】(2021年天津卷第一次)Great improvements in public health have been brought about by
________ in medical science.
A.traditions B.advances C.pressures D.examples
答案与解析:B。考查名词词义辨析。A. traditions传统;B. advances前进,进步;C. pressures压力;
D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知,公共健康的
巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的,advances符合语境。故选B。句意:医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大
改善。
【考题23】(2021年天津卷第二次)In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a
safer ________.
A. system B. method C. investment D. environment
答案与解析:D。考查名词。A. system 体系,系统;B. method 方法;C. investment 投资;D.
environment环境。根据常识可知,保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安全的实验环境(environment)。故选D
项。句意:在实验室里,保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。
【考题24】(2020·江苏卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable
______.
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
答案与解析:B。考查名词词义辨析。A. reservation预订;B. transformation改革,变革;C. distinction
区别;D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故
选B。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。【考题25】(2019年江苏卷)Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food
and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
答案与解析:A。考查名词辨析。A. priority优先;优先权;B. potential潜在的,可能的;C. proportion
比例,占比;D. pension退休金,抚恤金。故选A。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和
欣赏风景。
【考题26】(2019·天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n)
___________on our lives in many ways.
A. Statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment
答案与解析:B。考查名词词义辨析。statement“陈述说明”; impact“强烈的影响,冲击力”;
impression“印象,感想”; judgement“判断力判断”。短语make an impact on意思是“对......产生影
响”。故选B。句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。
【考题27】(2018·天津)The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always
inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation
答案与解析:C。考查名词词义辨析。A. advice建议;B. order命令;C. possibility可能性;D.
invitation邀请。故选C。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空
间。
【考题28】(2018年江苏卷)】 Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the
_______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption
答案与解析:D。考查名词词义辨析。A. assignment分配;B. association交往;C. acquisition获得;D.
assumption假设。句中的关键词actually happening实际发生和instead of而不是,可知是假设。故选D。句
意:试着去理解实际发生的事情,而不是按照你所做的假设行事。
【考题29】(2016年浙江卷) It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may
affect your _________.
A. condition B. income C. credit D. status
答案与解析:C。condition条件;income收入;credit学分,信用(卡);status地位。根据pay your
electricity bill on time和 affect看出是影响信用誉。故选C。句意:准时付电费很重要,因为付晚了会影响
你的信用。【考题30】(2016年天津卷)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____________ of
rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
答案与解析:D。A.影响;B.感觉;C.改变;D.机会,可能性。故选D。句意:天气预报说今天会是多
云,后半夜可能有雨。
【考题31】(2016年江苏卷) —Can you tell us your _________ for happiness and a long life?
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
答案与解析:A。考查名词词义辨析。recipe秘诀,食谱,药方;record记录;range范围;receipt收
据,收条。根据句意可知A项"秘诀"符合题意。句意是:---你能告诉我们你的幸福长寿秘诀吗? ---充实
地过好每一天。
【考题32】(2016年江苏卷) —Jack still can’t help being anxious about his job interview.
—Lack of self-confidence is his _________, I am afraid.
A. Achilles’ heel B. child’s play C. green fingers D. last straw
答案与解析:A。考查含有名词的谚语。Achilles’ heel唯一的致命的弱点;child’s play容易做的事情,
轻而易举的事情;green fingers搞园艺的才能;last straw最后一根稻草。Lack of self-confidence是缺点,是
Jack的弱点。故选A。句意:----杰克仍然情不自禁地担心他的工作面试。----恐怕缺乏自信是他唯一的弱
点。
【考题33】(2015年湖北卷)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ___ and had a bad
fall.
A.balance B .chance C .memory D .place
答案与解析:A。A 项“平衡”; B项“机会”; C 项“记忆”; D项“地方”。lose one's balance“失
去平衡”。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词lose搭配。考生应抓住题干中关键信息“had a bad fall(重重地摔
了一跤)”,不禁会产生疑问:怎么会摔了一跤呢?然后根据搭配 lose one’s balance“失去平衡”锁定正确
答案。故选A项。句意: 男孩在追他哥哥时,重重地摔了一跤。
【考题34】(2015年湖北卷)He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the
secret task.
A.emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure
答案与解析:C。A项“情绪”;B项“才能”;C项“身份”;D项“财富”。根据a new name to
hide...和carry out the secret task看出选C项。句意:他执行一项秘密任务时,给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。
【考题35】(2015年浙江卷)One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feelings
with someone you trust.
A. production B. stress C. energy D. power
答案与解析:B。A. production意为产品, B. stress意为压力, C. energy意为能源, D. passive意
为力量。根据常识可以知道,和别人谈心应该来说是减压。所以答案是B。句意:一种最有效的减压方
法就是和你觉得信任的人谈谈你的想法。
【考题36】(2015年江苏卷)—Why didn’t you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he’s _______ .
A. an early bird B. a wet blanket C. a lucky dog D. a tough nut
答案与解析:B。考查名词短语的习语。A 项“早起的鸟儿(比喻勤劳的人)”; B 项“扫兴的人或
物”” C 项“幸运儿”; D 项“棘手的事情,难对付的人”。答句说明没有邀请的原因,故选B项。句
意是: ----为什么你没有邀请约翰出席你的生日聚会? ----你知道的,他是个令人扫兴的人。
【考题37】(2015·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let
me know.
A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority
答案与解析:A。A思考;B支持;C保护;D权威,当局。根据第一句和“and then let me know”可
知,现在不急着告诉“我”答案,由此可知是让对方再想想。故选A。句意是:现在没必要告诉我答案,
你再思考一下,之后告诉我。
【考题38】(2015·江苏)Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer
reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements
答案与解析:B。A项“判断,决断”;B项“调整”;C项“评价,评论”;D项“成就”。故选B
项。句意是:为了与国家的足球改革相适应,一些学校必须做出调整。
【考题39】(2015·福建)The failure was a big__________to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got
as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor答案与解析:A。考查名词辨析。A.blow打击; B.issue问题; C.excuse借口; D.factor要素。该句意思
为:这个失败对他来说是一个打击,但是他没有泄气,很快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A
【考题40】(2014年浙江卷)We most prefer to say yes to the ______ of someone we know and like.
A. attempts B. requests C. doubts D. promises
答案与解析:B。 A.attempt尝试;B. request请求;C.doubts怀疑;D.promises承诺。句意:对于我们
认识和喜欢的人的请求我们大多喜欢说可以。根据句意故选B。
【考题41】(2014年江苏卷)】She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful
________ in last year’s election.
A. symbol B. portrait C. identity D. statue
答案与解析:A。考查名词词义辨析。A. symbol 象征,标志;B. portrait 肖像,C.identity 身份,特征
D.statue 塑像,雕像。故A正确。句意:两年前她被软禁,但是在去年的大选中仍然是势力强大的代表人
物。
【考题 42】(2014 年湖北卷) Her ______ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher
education.
A. motivation B. qualification C. talent D. technique
答案与解析:A。A项表示“动力,激励”;B项为“资格”;C项是“才能,天赋”;D项表示“技
巧”。句意上:她写作的动力源自为女性获得更高教育的权利”。故选A。
【考题43】(2014年湖北卷)When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joan’s
face turned red at the unexpected ______.
A. command B. comparison C. compliment D. contribution
答案与解析:C。句意上,Joan 听见 Richard 的出乎意外的话脸变红,而话的内容是“你更加和蔼可
亲和漂亮了”明显是夸赞之言,C 项表示的就是“恭维,赞美”,故选 C。A 项表示的是“命令,要
求”; B 项表示“比较”D 项表示“贡献”,句意上都不符合。
【考题44】(2014年福建卷)—Could you tell me the of making such tasty cakes?
—Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.
A. feature B. plan C. cost D. trick
答案与解析:D。这里表示“你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗”。Feature特征;plan计划;cost
花费;trick诀窍,所以选D。句意:上文,你能告诉我做如此美味蛋糕的诀窍吗?下文,好吧,我就是按
照烹饪书上的说明做的。
【考题45】(2014年天津卷)Wind is now the world’s fastest growing ________ of power.
A. source B. sense C. result D. root答案与解析:A。source 资源;sense感觉、意识;result结果;root根源。结合语境可知选A。
句意:风现在是世界上增长最快的电力资源。
【考题46】(2014·天津卷)Wind is now the world's fastest growing ______ of power.
A. source B. sense C. result D. root
答案与解析:A。考查名词。source 源泉,来源;sense感觉,仪式;result 结果;root根源,背景,
根。 source of power能源。故选A。句意:风现在是世界上增长最快的能源。
【考题47】(2013·湖北卷) Poetry written from the ______ of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety
over a lack of sense of belonging.
A. perspective B. priority C. participation D. privilege
答案与解析:A。考查名词。perspective观点,看法;角度;priority优先,优先权;participation 参
加,参与;privilege特权,权益;written from…在句中充当后置定语。根据tends to reveal...看出是指写作
视角。故选A。句意是:从城市青年的角度来写的诗歌更加倾向于揭示他们在缺乏归属感上的焦虑。
【考题48】 (2013湖北卷) Carbon dioxide, which makes a ______ between us and the sun, prevents heat
from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.
A. difference B. comparison C. connection D. barrier
答案与解析:D。考查名词词义辨析。difference 差别,差异;comparison比较,对照; connection连
接; 联系,关系; barrier障碍; 屏障。根据between us and the sun, prevents heat from...看出barrier符合句
意。故选D。句意是:二氧化碳在我们与太阳之间的形成了一道屏障,它可以防止热量轻易逃离大气层,
因此地球变得越来越暖。
【考题49】 (2013湖北卷) An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered
______ a long lost antique Greek vase.
A. at random B. by chance C. in turn D. on occasion
答案与解析:B。本题考查含有名词从介词短语辨析。at random任意地,随便地;by chance偶然地,
意外地;无意之中;碰巧;in turn轮流地;相应地;on occasion有时,间或。根据traveling...看出
discovered应该是“偶然间”。故选B。句意是:一个艺术家最近乘坐渡轮到那个南方岛屿旅游,他无意之
中竟然发现失传已久的古希腊花瓶。
【考题50】(2013江苏卷) With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a
_______ for the better.
A. share B. chance C. turn D. lead[
答案与解析:C。考查带有名词的固定短语辨析。A. take a share分担……,为……出力;B. take achance冒险;C. take a turn转弯,转;(情况、形势等)转变;D. take a lead领先,带头。根据本句,for
the better的提示,可见是讲转变,变得更好,所以选C。句意是:有了源于其他食品文化的灵感,美国饮
食文化可以变得更好。