第03 讲 必修1-3 词汇考点
目录
01 课标达标练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
【题型三】重点短语词组
02 核心突破练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
【题型三】语法填空词汇和短语
03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．It was you devotion that made your talent more brilliant and (impress).
【答案】impressive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：正是你的奉献让你的才华更加出众和令人印象深刻。此处为形容词作宾补
“more brilliant and”可知，空处需用形容词的比较级形式与“more brilliant”并列作宾语补足语，表示“才
华更加出众和令人印象深刻”；impress 的形容词为impressive，其比较级为more impressive，但此处与
more brilliant 由and 连接，构成并列结构，且more 已由brilliant 前的比较级体现，所以impressive 用原形即
可。故填impressive。
2．Reading provides many (opportunity) for students to view the world.
【答案】opportunities
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：阅读为学生提供了许多了解世界的机会。many 意为“许多”，修饰可数名
词复数，opportunity“机会”是可数名词，其复数形式为opportunities。故填opportunities。
3．From beef balls to rice noodle rolls, there are (vary) dishes that have been baked, boiled, steamed
or fried.
【答案】various
【详解】考查形容词。句意：从牛肉丸到米粉卷，这里有着各种经过烘烤、煮制、蒸制或油炸而成的美食。
作定语，修饰名词dishes，用形容词various。故填various。
4．Volunteers are more (like) to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical
activity into their lives.
【答案】likely
【详解】考查形容词。句意：志愿者们更注重自身健康，并且更倾向于将体育锻炼纳入自己的生活之中。
根据空格前的are 可知，空格处应该用形容词likely 作表语，be likely to do“很可能做某事”是固定搭配。
故填likely。
5． (actual), I like acting better, but my friends go to the Ballet Club and I want to be with them.
【答案】Actually
【详解】考查副词。句意：事实上，我更喜欢表演，但是我的朋友去芭蕾舞俱乐部，我想和他们在一起。
修饰整个句子，需用副词actually，作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Actually。
6．She told me how (create) my designs were.
【答案】creative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她告诉我我的设计很有创意。提示词作宾语从句中表语，用形容词creative，
意为“有创造力的，有创意的”，表明主语my designs 的性质。故填creative。
7．The mental (strong) that he showed made him unique.
【答案】strength
【详解】考查名词。句意：他所表现出的精神力量使他与众不同。空格处作主语，应填入strong 的名词形
式strength“力量”。故填strength。
8．They have also helped companies make better machines that doctors (regular) use. （所给词的适
当形式填空）
【答案】regularly
【详解】考查副词。句意：它们还帮助公司制造出医生经常使用的更好的机器。空处用于动词use 之前，
应用regular 的副词形式regularly，表示“经常地”，修饰动词use，作状语。故填regularly。
9．Only under your (profession) guidance can we finish our task smoothly.
【答案】professional
【详解】考查形容词。句意：只有在你专业的指导下我们才能顺利地完成我们的任务。形容词
professional“专业的”充当前置定语修饰名词guidance“指导”。故填professional。
10．Exercise can improve (memorize) retention.
【答案】memory
【详解】考查名词。句意：锻炼可以改善记忆保持能力。此处需用名词作定语，修饰名词作定语修饰
retention，所给词memorize 为动词，意为“记忆”，其名词形式为memory 意为“记忆”，符合语境。故
填memory。
11．Everyone admired her (patient) and unfailing good humour.
【答案】patience
【详解】考查名词。句意：所有人都钦佩她的耐心和始终如一的好脾气。空处作宾语，需用名词
patience，为不可数名词。故填patience。
12．How can I ever repay you for your (generous)? （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】generosity
【详解】考查名词。句意：我怎样才能报答你的慷慨呢？设空处为宾语，应用名词generosity，为不可数名
词。故填generosity。
13．David brought us a very meaningful and (inspire)game.
【答案】inspiring
【详解】考查形容词。句意：大卫给我们带来了一场非常有意义且鼓舞人心的比赛。此处与meaningful 并
列修饰名词game，应用形容词形式，inspire 的形容词有 inspiring（令人鼓舞的，常修饰物）和 inspired
（受到鼓舞的，常修饰人），这里修饰 game，所以用inspiring。故填inspiring。
14．Embarrassed and (shame), I can’t concentrate on anything. Please help！
【答案】ashamed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：感到尴尬和羞愧，我无法集中精力做任何事情。请帮帮我！此处为形容词作
状语，根据空前的形容词embarrassed 和and 可知，此处应填shame 的形容词形式ashamed，意为“感到羞
愧得”，修饰主语I，表示主语当时的状态。故填ashamed。
15．Inspired by his struggles with deafness, the composer produced some (amaze) music.
【答案】amazing
【详解】考查形容词。句意：受到自己与耳聋抗争经历的启发，这位作曲家创作出了一些令人惊叹的音乐
作品。修饰名词music 用形容词amazing，作定语。故填amazing。
16．Her immediate (react) to the good news was to call her best friend and share the excitement.
【答案】reaction
【详解】考查名词。句意：她对这个好消息的第一反应就是打电话给她最好的朋友，分享这份激动。根据
空前的Her immediate 可知，此处应填名词作主语，reaction 意为“反应”。故填reaction。
17．Despite facing financial hardships, he (eventual) graduated with honors and landed a well-
paying job in his chosen field.
【答案】eventually
【详解】考查副词。句意：尽管面临经济困难，他最终以优异的成绩毕业，并在自己选择的领域找到了一
份高薪工作。此处应为副词作状语修饰动词graduated，eventual 的副词为eventually 意为“最终”符合句意。
故填eventually。
18．The reason why this was difficult was that the team had (limit) resources.
【答案】limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这之所以困难是因为这个团队资源有限。limited 在句中作定语修饰
resources，需用形容词形式，表示“有限的”。故填limited。
19．He felt quite pleased because the villagers were living in (harmonious) with nature once more.
【答案】harmony
【详解】考查名词。句意：他感到很高兴，因为村民们又一次与自然和谐相处了。live in harmony
with“与……和谐相处”，固定短语，名词作宾语。故填harmony。
20．In spite of the (limit) resources, they still made great progress in the research.
【答案】limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管资源有限，他们仍在研究中取得了巨大进展。空格处需用形容词修饰名
词resources，动词limit 的形容词为limited，意为“有限的”，作定语。故填limited。
21．While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us (benefit) Vitamin D．
【答案】beneficial
【详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然太阳的射线可以使我们的皮肤老化并造成伤害，但它们同时也给予我们
有益的维生素D。此处为形容词作定语修饰Vitamin D，benefit 的形容词为beneficial 意为“有益的”符合
句意。故填beneficial。
22．She asked her teacher for (permit) to leave the classroom early due to a family emergency.
【答案】permission
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于家庭突发状况，她请老师准许提前离开教室。分析句子可知，此空应填名
词作介词后宾语，permission，表“准许”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填permission。
23．Her (energy) performance on stage left the audience feeling inspired and excited.
【答案】energetic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她在舞台上充满活力的表演让观众感到深受鼓舞且兴奋不已。分析句子可知，
此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，energetic，表“充满活力的”，符合语境。故填energetic。
24．The government's new policies aim to promote (sustain) development by balancing economic
growth with environmental protection.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】sustainable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：政府的新政策旨在通过平衡经济增长与环境保护来促进可持续发展。修饰名
词development，用形容词sustainable 用定语，意为“可持续的”。故填sustainable。
25．The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the (absent) of smog and
plenty of blue sky afternoons with lots of fresh air.
【答案】absence
【详解】考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天
很蓝天、空气新鲜。此处为名词作宾语，根据空前的“thanks to (to 为介词)”和定冠词“the”可知，此处应
用absent 的名词形式absence，为不可数名词，意为“缺乏，没有”，且the absence of...为固定搭配，意为
“……的缺乏/不存在”，符合语境。故填absence。
26．Over the years, the Internet has made our lives more (convenience) than ever.
【答案】convenient
【详解】考查形容词。句意：多年来，互联网使我们的生活比以往任何时候都更加便利。提示词为使役动
词made 后宾语our lives 的补足语，用形容词convenient，意为“便利的”，表明其逻辑主语our lives 的属
性，convenient 是多音节形容词，用原形与more 构成比较级。故填convenient。
27．Unless you respect other people’s religion, (horror) mistakes and conflict will occur.
【答案】horrible
【详解】考查形容词。句意：除非你尊重别人的宗教，否则可怕的错误和冲突就会发生。空处修饰名词
mistakes，应用形容词形式horrible 作定语。故填horrible。
28．Every citizen has the (free) to express their opinions.
【答案】freedom
【详解】考查名词。句意：每一位公民都有表达自己观点的自由。作宾语，用free 的名词freedom，意为
“自由”。故填freedom。
29．The Northern Lights are one of the most breathtaking natural (phenomenon) in the world.
【答案】phenomena
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：北极光是世界上最令人叹为观止的自然现象之一。根据空前的one of the
most breathtaking natural 可知，此处应填名词复数phenomena，phenomenon 意为“现象”，为可数名词，
其复数形式为phenomena。one of+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……之一”。故填phenomena。
30．A peaceful environment is of great importance to (globe) development.
【答案】global
【详解】考查形容词。句意：和平的环境对全球发展至关重要。此处修饰名词development，应用形容词形
式；globe（地球，世界）的形容词是 global，意为“全球的，全世界的”。故填global。
31．The company made an immediate (respond) to the customer’s complaint, offering a full refund and
an apology.
【答案】response
【详解】考查名词。句意：该公司立即对客户的投诉做出了回应，提供了全额退款并进行了道歉。提示词
作宾语，用名词response，意为“回应”，用不定冠词an 修饰，用单数形式。故填response。
32．When exercising, you should wear proper clothes and (equip) in case you get injured.
【答案】equipment
【详解】考查名词。句意：锻炼时，你应该穿上合适的衣服并配备适当的装备，以防受伤。这里应填名词
作宾语，equipment，表“装备”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填equipment。
33．These exercises help free the body of (tense).
【答案】tension
【详解】考查名词。句意：这些练习有助于消除身体的紧张。本空作介词of 的宾语，用名词形式
tension“紧张”。故填tension。
34．Police are trying to establish the cause of (dead).
【答案】death
【详解】考查名词。句意：警方正试图确定死亡的原因。此处为名词作宾语，dead 的名词为death 意为
“死亡”，为不可数名词。故填death。
35．One of the (goal) that Huawei has set is to achieve independent chip production.
【答案】goals
【详解】考查名词复数。句意：华为设定的目标之一是实现独立的芯片生产。根据句意及空前“One of
the”可知，空处应用名词复数形式goals。“one of + the + 可数名词复数”是固定表达，意为“……之一”。
故填goals。
36．In a recent book, he advocated much more government (involve) in health care.
【答案】involvement
【详解】考查名词。句意：在最近的一本书中，他主张政府更多地参与医疗保健。此处为名词作宾语，
involve 的名词为involvement 意为“参与”为不可数名词。故填involvement。
37．The biggest advantage is that the height of the bicycle seat is (adjust).
【答案】adjustable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：最大的优点是自行车座椅的高度是可调节的。作表语，表示“可调节的”应
用形容词adjustable，故填adjustable。
38．After failing the examination, he naturally felt (disappoint) and frustrated, but he didn’t lose
heart.
【答案】disappointed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：考试失利后，他自然感到失望又沮丧，但并未灰心。空处作表语，需用形容
词，表示“人的感受”应用-ed 结尾的形容词disappointed。故填disappointed。
39．I (absolute) enjoy the Spring Festival, which is one of the most popular traditional festivals in China.
【答案】absolutely
【详解】考查副词。句意：我非常喜欢春节，春节是中国最受欢迎的传统节日之一。修饰动词enjoy 用副
词absolutely，故填absolutely。
40．The origins of the idioms were very fun but nowadays the (origin) meanings of some idioms have
varied.
【答案】original
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些习语的起源非常有趣，但如今一些习语原本的意思已经发生了变化。修
饰名词meanings，用形容词original，作定语。故填original。
41．The actor’s performance was so (drama) that it brought the audience to tears.
【答案】dramatic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位演员的表演如此富有戏剧性，以至于让观众潸然泪下。此处为形容词作
表语，drama 的形容词为dramatic 意为“戏剧性的；激动人心的”符合语境。故填dramatic。
42．It was announced that the (fly) to Tibet was put off on account of bad weather.
【答案】flight
【详解】考查名词。句意：据宣布，由于天气恶劣，飞往西藏的航班被推迟了。本句是that 引导的主语从
句，从句中缺少主语，空处应填名词作主语，fly 的名词形式是flight。故填flight。
43．Xi’an, an ancient capital of China, has secured a place among the most popular (destination)
for the enchanting appeal.
【答案】destinations
【详解】考查名词。句意：西安，中国的一座古都，凭借其迷人的魅力在最受欢迎的旅游目的地中占据了
一席之地。destination 表示“目的地，旅游目的地”，是可数名词，此处“among the most popular...”表示
“在最受欢迎的…… 之中”，说明是多个目的地，所以要用复数形式。故填 destinations。
44．The (major) of employees support flexible working hours, according to the survey.
【答案】majority
【详解】考查名词。句意：根据调查，大多数员工支持弹性工作制。本空在句子中作主语，表示“大多
数”，用名词majority，the majority of...表示“……中的大多数”。故填majority。
45．Many historical figures were known for their (cruel), yet others showed great compassion.
【答案】cruelty
【详解】考查名词。句意：许多历史人物都以他们的残忍而闻名，然而其他人却表现出了极大的同情心。
空白处作介词for 的宾语，且被形容词性物主代词their 修饰，应填名词形式。cruel 为形容词，意为“残忍
的”，其名词形式为cruelty，意为“残忍，残酷”，且cruelty 为不可数名词。故填cruelty。
46．Pandas have survived the danger of (extinct).
【答案】extinction
【详解】考查名词。句意：熊猫已经度过了灭绝的危险。根据空前的介词of 可知，此处应用名词作宾语；
extinct 是形容词，意为“灭绝的”，其名词形式为“extinction (灭绝)”，为不可数名词。故填extinction。
47．To improve the quality of life through work, more (strategy) are necessary.
【答案】strategies
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：要想通过工作提高生活质量，需要更多的策略。空处作主语，结合“are”
可知，主语strategy“策略”应用复数形式。故填strategies。
48．The child seemed (annoy) when he found his gift broken.
【答案】annoyed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当孩子发现他的礼物坏了时，他似乎很生气。设空处应该填写形容词作表语。
annoy 的形容词形式有annoying 和annoyed，annoying 意为“令人恼怒的”，一般用来描述人或物的性质；
annoyed 意为“感到恼怒的”，一般用来修饰人的感受。此处指孩子感到恼怒，应使用-ed 结尾的形容词。
故填annoyed。
49．His hearing (disable) requires the use of a hearing aid (助听器).
【答案】disability
【详解】考查名词。句意：由于听力障碍，他需要使用助听器。此处为名词作主语，disable 的名词形式是
disability，意为“障碍；残疾”，根据语境及谓语动词requires 可知，此处特指“听力障碍，听力残疾”，
为单数概念。故填disability。
50．The scholar made a significant (contribute) to restoring ancient documents.
【答案】contribution
【详解】考查名词。句意：这位学者在修复古代文献方面做出了重大贡献。“make a contribution to...”为固
定短语，意为“对……做出贡献”，这里需要用名词单数contribution 作宾语。故填contribution。
51．The moon landing in 1969 marked a historic (achieve) for mankind.
【答案】achievement
【详解】考查名词。句意：1969 年的登月标志着人类一项具有历史意义的成就。提示词作宾语，用名词
achievement，意为“成就”，有不定冠词a 修饰，用单数形式。故填achievement。
52．Festivals around the world have a wide range of (origin).
【答案】origins
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：世界各地的节日有着广泛的起源。空处应用名词作宾语，被a wide range
of“广泛的……”修饰，origin 应用复数形式。故填origins。
53．The principal’s (declare) about the new dress code was posted on the bulletin board yesterday.
【答案】declaration
【详解】考查名词。句意：校长关于新着装规范的声明已于昨日张贴在公告栏上。空处应用名词，作主语；
declaration 为名词，表示“公告、声明”，符合句意。故填declaration。
54．This battle that you are interested in was (vivid) recorded in the article.
【答案】vividly
【详解】考查副词。句意：你感兴趣的这场战役在文章中被生动地记录了下来。recorded 是动词，需用副
词修饰，vivid 是形容词，其副词形式vividly 表示“生动地”，在句中作状语。故填vividly。
55．One day, the (psychology) saw a young couple in a small coffee house.
【答案】psychologist/ psychologists
【详解】考查名词。句意：一天，心理学家（心理学家们）在一家小咖啡馆里看到一对年轻夫妇。空处作
主语，表示“心理学家”应用名词psychologist，此处可以表示特指一个心理学家或者多个心理学家，使用
单复数形式都可以。故填psychologist(s)。
56．Applying for jobs can be a long and (pain) process.
【答案】painful
【详解】考查形容词。句意：申请工作可能是一个漫长而痛苦的过程。设空处使用形容词来修饰名词
process 作定语，表示“痛苦的过程”。pain 的形容词形式为painful。故填painful。
57．Rockman often shows nature as defined by a struggle for (survive) with a never-ending repetition of
life and death.
【答案】survival
【详解】考查名词。句意：洛克曼的作品经常将自然描绘成一种生存斗争，生命和死亡不断重复。空格前
为介词for，介词后需跟名词作宾语，所给词为动词survive，其名词形式为survival。故填survival。
58．The (announce) was not entirely unexpected, but she still felt really surprised.
【答案】announcement
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个公告并非完全出乎意料，但她仍感到很惊讶。空前有冠词The，空处作主
语，结合“not entirely unexpected”可知，名词announcement 符合题意，意为“公告，宣告，告示”，且结
合“was”可知，announcement 应用单数形式。故填announcement。
59．Have you witnessed the (erupt) of a volcano?
【答案】eruption
【详解】考查名词。句意：你目睹过火山喷发吗？根据句意及空格前的定冠词the 可知，此处应用不可数
名词eruption，作动词witnessed 的宾语，表示“喷发，爆发”，“the eruption of...”意为“……的喷发”，
常用于地质现象描述，符合语境。故填eruption。
60．The point of my question may not be (immediate) apparent.
【答案】immediately
【详解】考查副词。句意：我的问题的重点可能不是很明显。分析句子可知，“apparent”为形容词，空格
处应用副词，作状语，“immediately”意为“直接地”，副词词性。故填immediately。
题型二 核心单词拼写
61．The young man (道歉) to the lady for spilling coffee on her dress.
【答案】apologized/apologised
【详解】考查动词。句意：那个年轻人因为把咖啡洒在女士的裙子上而向她道歉。根据汉语提示“道歉”
可知，此处应用动词apologize 或apologise；根据句意可知，动作发生在过去，所以时态应用一般过去时，
谓语动词应用过去式apologized 或apologised。故填apologized/apologised。
62．I don’t know what (物质) this dress is made from.
【答案】material
【详解】 考查名词。句意：我不知道这件连衣裙是由什么物质做成的。根据汉语提示“物质”可知，需
要填写名词material，此处为不可数名词。故填material。
63．Does the writer give a clear (描述) of the problem?
【答案】description
【详解】考查名词。句意：作者对这个问题的描述清晰明了吗？根据汉语提示可知用名词description，作
宾语，故填description。
64．Don’t miss this precious (机会)to study abroad.
【答案】opportunity
【详解】考查名词。句意：不要错过这个宝贵的出国留学机会。“机会”为“opportunity”在句中作宾语，
根据空前“this”可知，此处用名词单数形式，故填opportunity。
65．This exhibition gave thousands of young people the opportunity to develop their (创造性的) skills.
【答案】creative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这次展览为成千上万的年轻人提供了发展他们创造性技能的机会。根据汉语
提示“创造性的”可知，此处为形容词creative，作定语，修饰名词skills。故填creative。
66．Snow (改变) the way scientists study diseases.
【答案】transformed
【详解】考查动词。句意：斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。根据汉语提示可知用动词transform，主句
描述过去的动作，使用一般过去时。故填transformed。
67．Her kind (性格) made her popular among her friends and classmates.
【答案】character/personality
【详解】考查名词。句意：她善良的性格使她在朋友和同学中很受欢迎。“性格”在句中作主语，可用名
词character 或personality，表示她善良的性格，用单数形式。故填character/personality。
68．There has been a (迁移) of people from the country to the towns.
【答案】migration
【详解】考查名词。句意：有一股从乡村到城镇的人口迁移。此处为there be 句型，根据汉语提示“迁
移”以及空前的不定冠词a 可知，此处应填名词migration 作主语，且用单数形式。故填migration。
69．His work has been criticized for being (肤浅的).
【答案】shallow
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的作品被批评肤浅。“肤浅的”应用形容词shallow，作being 的表语。故
填shallow。
70．The children played a (诡计) on their neighbors by hiding their mailboxes.
【答案】trick
【详解】考查名词。句意：孩子们通过藏起邻居的邮箱对他们的邻居搞了一个恶作剧。“诡计”作宾语，
用可数名词trick，用不定冠词a 修饰，用单数形式，作宾语，play a trick on 表示“对……恶作剧”。故填
trick。
71．It is (典型的) of him to help strangers without expecting anything in return.
【答案】typical
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他一贯如此，帮助陌生人却不期待任何回报。根据汉语提示“典型的”可知，
本空用形容词typical“一贯的，典型的”，作表语。故填typical。
72．They took up arms and fought for justice and (自由).
【答案】freedom
【详解】考查名词。句意：意为 “他们拿起武器，为正义和自由而战。根据汉语意思提示可知，表示
“自由”为名词freedom，为不可数名词，作宾语，满足句意要求。故填freedom。
73．The magician made the coin (消失) right before our eyes.
【答案】disappear
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：魔术师让硬币在我们眼前消失了。“消失”是disappear，make sb. do sth.
是固定短语，意为“使某人做某事”，因此空格处是原形，故填disappear。
74．There is rising (紧张) along the border.
【答案】tension
【详解】考查名词。句意：边境地区的紧张局势正在加剧。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填名词tension“紧
张”，作主语，为不可数名词。故填tension。
75．He had a narrow (逃离) from the earthquake, with only minor injuries on his arm.
【答案】escape
【详解】考查名词。句意：他在地震中死里逃生，手臂仅有轻伤。“逃离”作宾语，用名词escape，有不
定冠词a 修饰，用单数；且a narrow escape 是固定表达，意为“死里逃生，幸免于难”。故填escape。
76．In the speech, he explained some of the positive (方面) of technological development.
【答案】aspects
【详解】考查名词。句意：在演讲中，他解释了科技发展的一些积极方面。“方面”是aspect，空前有
some，空格处用复数，故填aspects。
77．The book (属于) to the library should be returned on time.
【答案】belonging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：属于图书馆的书应按时归还。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词
“should be returned”，因此 “________ (属于) to the library”在句中作定语，修饰名词 “The book”。由于
“The book”与“belong”之间是主动关系（书属于图书馆是主动意义），所以此处应用“belong”的现在分
词形式“belonging”作定语。故填belonging。
78．Students should become more (独立的) of their teachers.
【答案】independent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：学生们应该更加独立于老师。根据汉语提示“独立的”可知，应填形容词
independent，作表语，be independent of 表示“独立于”。故填independent。
79．Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission (程序).
【答案】procedures/procedure
【详解】考查名词。句意：一旦他们决定了上哪所大学，学生们就应该研究入学程序。空处用于动词
research 之后，作宾语，应用名词procedure，此处表示大学的入学程序，可用名词单数形式，也可使用复
数形式表示泛指。故填procedure(s)。
80．Despite hundreds of (失败), they finally came across a promising chemical.
【答案】failures
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管经历了数百次失败，他们最终发现了一种有前景的化学物质。根据汉语提
示“失败”可知，此处应填名词failure，且failure 表示“失败的事”时为可数名词，由 hundreds of（数
百）修饰，需用复数形式。故填 failures。
题型三 重点短语词组
81．同她争论这样琐碎的小事是浪费时间的。
It is such a trivial matter.
【答案】a waste of time arguing with her about
【详解】考查固定句型、非谓语。表示“浪费时间做某事”用固定句型it is a waste of time doing sth.，其中
it 作形式主语，真正的主语为动名词短语；表示“争论”用argue，用动名词，作主语；表示“同她”用
with her，表示“关于”用about。故填a waste of time arguing with her about。
82．与那件工艺品相比，这件更有创意。
In with that craft, this one is more .
【答案】 comparison creative
【详解】考查名词、形容词。中英文对比可知，①空处表示“与……相比”，结合空前介词In 可知，空处
应填名词comparison 构成介词短语in comparison with...“与……相比”，故①空处填comparison；第二个空
白处在句中作表语，中英文对比可知，空处表示“有创意的”，应用形容词creative，故②空处填
creative。故填①comparison；②creative。
83．Mr Reed went to Terry quietly and Terry’s phone.
里德先生悄悄地走到特里身边，拿起了特里的电话。
【答案】picked up
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。空格处是并列的谓语动词，“拿起”用动词短语pick up；描述过去发生的
事，用一般过去时。故填picked up。
84．这张优雅的桌子以及这些椅子，都是由一位著名艺术家设计的。
The elegant table, the chairs, by a famous artist.
【答案】 as well as was designed
【详解】考查固定短语、时态语态和主谓一致。表示“以及”应用固定短语as well as，连接并列主语，谓
语动词遵循就远原则，即和The elegant table 保持一致；表示“设计”应用动词design，和主语之间是被动
关系，句子陈述过去的事实，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be 动词用was。故填①as；
②well；③as；④was；⑤designed。
85．他一回国就投入研究，为国家发展做出了巨大贡献。
China, he devoted himself to his research, the development of his country.
【答案】 Upon/On returning to/The instant/moment/As soon as/Immediately/Instantly he returned to
making great contributions to/which made great contributions to
【详解】考查固定短语、时间状语从句、非谓语动词和定语从句。主句为he devoted himself to his
research，且使用了一般过去时。第一空表示“一……就……”，可使用介词短语upon/on doing sth.在句中
作时间状语，或使用由the instant/moment/as soon as/immediately/instantly 引导的时间状语从句。“回国”中
的“回”可使用动词短语return to。第一空如使用前述介词短语，则应为upon/on returning to；如使用时间
状语从句，则根据主句部分的时态也应使用一般过去时，为the instant/moment/as soon
as/immediately/instantly he returned to。第二空表达“为……做出巨大贡献”，可使用动词短语make great
contributions to，因make 与主语he 之间为主动关系，应使用现在分词短语作伴随状语或结果状语，则该空
处理为making great contributions to。另该空前有逗号，也可使用which 引导的非限制性定语从句，which
在从句中作主语，指代前面的主句，指他投身研究这一行为。故第一空填Upon/On returning to/The
instant/moment/As soon as/Immediately/Instantly he returned to，第二空填making great contributions to/which
made great contributions to。
86．你应该向你的朋友道歉，以防你的错误给他们带来麻烦。
You should to your friends in your mistake caused them trouble.
【答案】 apologize case
【详解】考查动词短语和目的状语从句。根据句意以及句子结构可知，“向某人道歉”的固定表达为
“apologize to sb.”，情态动词后should 用动词原形，故第一空填动词原形“apologize”。“以防；万一”的
常用短语为“in case”，后引导目的状语从句，符合“以防错误给朋友带来麻烦”的语境，故第二空填
“case”。故分别填apologize；case。
87．我很抱歉不能参加你的生日会，因为我有一件重要的事要处理。
I'm sorry for not being able to attend your birthday party, for I .
【答案】have an important thing to deal with
【详解】考查动词短语和不定式。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“有一件重要的事要处理”，have
sth. to do 意为“有某事要做”，是固定短语，其中不定式作后置定语修饰名词sth.，表示动作尚未发生；
“一件重要的事”可译为an important thing；“处理”可译为deal with。句子描述的是现在的情况，应用
一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形。故填have an important thing to deal with。
88．随着越来越多的外国人爱上中文，已有超过五百多所的孔子学院在全世界范围建立。
With more and more foreigners , more than five hundred Confucius Institutes
all around the world.
【答案】 falling in love with Chinese have been established
【详解】考查非谓语动词和时态。第一空为with 的复合结构，表示“爱上”短语为fall in love with，后跟
Chinese 作宾语，与foreigners 构成主动关系，用现在分词作宾补；第二空表示“建立”用动词establish，
与主语more than five hundred Confucius Institutes 构成被动关系，且过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，用
现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填①falling in love with Chinese；②have been established。
89．运动有助于你保持健康和接触大自然。
Sports can help you keep fit and nature.
【答案】get in touch with
【详解】考查动词短语。“接触大自然”为get in touch with，与keep 并列，用省略to 的不定式。故填get
in touch with。
90．杰克已经不再是原来那个懒惰的男孩了。
Jack is that he used to be.
【答案】no longer the lazy boy
【详解】考查固定搭配、名词和形容词。“不再”翻译为no longer；“那个懒惰的男孩”翻译为the lazy
boy 作表语。故填no longer the lazy boy。
91．如果按计划实施，这次合并将诞生亚洲最大的科技公司。
The merger, as planned, will create the largest tech company in Asia.
【答案】 if carried out
【详解】考查条件状语从句的省略。根据句意，此处为if 引导的条件状语从句的省略结构，当从句主语与
主句主语一致且从句含有be 动词时，可省略从句的主语和be 动词，表示“实施”为carry out，与主语the
merger 之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式，完整形式为if it is carried out as planned。故填
①if
carried
out
②
③
。
92．He asked me to for any spelling mistakes.
他叫我把文章检查一下，看有没有什么拼写错误。
【答案】look through the article
【详解】考查动词短语和名词。“检查”用动词短语look through，接在不定式to 后，应用动词原形，
“文章”用名词article 作宾语，特指用the 修饰，故填look through the article。
93．He is friendly to us. And , he studies very well.
他对我们很友好，而且，他学得很好。
【答案】in addition/what’s more
【详解】考查固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“而且”，是固定短语in addition/what’s
more。故填in addition/what’s more。
94． , you should act.
你既然表示了决心, 就应该付诸行动。
【答案】Now that you have expressed your determination
【详解】考查原因状语从句及动词时态。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“你既然表示了决心”，“既
然”用now that 引导原因状语从句；“表示决心”是express one’s determination，根据语境，“表示决心”
这一动作发生在should act 之前，强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，
主语是you，所以用have expressed your determination。故填Now that you have expressed your
determination。
95．She was always well the rest of the class.
她总是遥遥领先班上的其他同学。
【答案】ahead of
【详解】考查介词短语。根据汉语提示，表示“遥遥领先”用固定短语well ahead of。故填ahead of。
96．很难理解她为什么要在会上讲那些事情。
It’s difficult to why she said those things at the meeting.
【答案】figure out
【详解】考查动词短语。表示“理解”短语为figure out，此处为不定式作真正主语，故填figure out。
97．当史密斯先生宣读考试结果时，我们都屏息静听。
We to listen while Mr. Smith announced the results of the exam.
【答案】held our breath
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。中英文句子对比可知，空处应填“屏息”，应用动词短语hold one’s
breath，根据announced 可知，句子为一般过去时，动词应用过去式held，主语为we，one’s 用our。故填
held our breath。
98．学习并不总是那么容易，但从长远看它总是有益的。
Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial ．
【答案】in the long term
【详解】考查介词短语。表示“从长远看”短语为in the long term。故填in the long term。
99．现在他不依赖父母，可以自己谋生了。
Now he is independent of his parents and can for himself.
【答案】earn his living
【详解】考查动词短语。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“谋生”应用earn one’s living，为固定短语，且
情态动词can 后应用动词原形，再由主语he 可知，这里one’s 应用his。故填earn his living。
100．我相信我们每个人都能为社会做出贡献。
I believe that everyone of us can the development of society.
【答案】contribute to/make contributions to
【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，此处表示“为……做出贡献”，可用contribute to 或者make
contributions to，情态动词can 后接动词原形，contribute 和make 均为动词原形。故填contribute to/make
contributions to。
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
A
（2025·辽宁沈阳·模拟预测）“What have I gotten myself into?” I wondered as I sat through a research
meeting conducted entirely in Polish, unable to even read the title on the screen. Having only basic Polish language
skills, I found my experiment in cross-cultural cooperation more challenging than I had expected.
The idea of spending time abroad hadn’t occurred to me until my advisor suggested it during my first year.
With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which left me wanting more. So, I
applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland. To receive the fellowship, I first had to find a lab to host me, and
neither I nor my advisor had any connections to Poland.
Relying on Google to translate lab websites, I began to send cold emails. When my eventual host responded,
eager to collaborate, I was thrilled. I suddenly felt the possibilities for my research career were endless and global.
I was the first visiting scholar my research group had hosted from the United States, and my Polish
colleagues were curious about what brought me to their country. This led to many fruitful discussions about the
similarities and differences in how science is conducted across cultures. For example, much of the funding in
Poland is awarded to teams rather than individuals. The system promotes cross-disciplinary ( 跨学科的)
cooperations across the country, which in turn shapes how scientists design and carry out studies.
I learned as much about the history and culture in Central and Eastern Europe as I did scientifically.
Colleagues related firsthand accounts about challenges the region faced during the Cold War. Many laboratories
had limited resources, and they rarely published their research in English. Those conditions helped shape research
on antimicrobial treatment into bacteriophage and antibiotics, and Poland remain leaders in the former to this day.
My cultural immersion made me a better researcher. I now see cross-cultural cooperations as a way to
overcome communication barriers that can block progress in science. By stepping outside my comfort zone, I
gained the confidence to navigate my research in new directions that I might have otherwise boxed myself out of.
1．Why did the author apply for fellowship in Poland?
A．To practice Polish and learn its culture.
B．To have another rewarding experience.
C．To follow the advisor’s suggestion.
D．To continue the research started in Japan.
2．How did the author benefit from the experience in Polland?
A．He became an expert in Cold War history.
B．He had access to cross-disciplinary cooperations.
C．He secured abundant funding for future research projects.
D．He obtained scientific knowledge and a global perspective.
3．Which words best describe the author?
A．Helpful and determined.
B．Cautious and innovative.
C．Adventurous and inquisitive.
D．Curious and competitive.
4．What does the author imply about cross-cultural cooperations?
A．They are essential for the advancement of science.
B．They might box researchers out of a certain direction.
C．They should prioritize language training over research.
D．They are valueless for creative minds in scientific field.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在波兰进行跨文化合作研究的经历，包括申请奖学金的过程、
在波兰的研究生活以及这段经历给他带来的收获。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which
left me wanting more. So, I applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland.(在他的支持下，我在日本的一个实验室
度过了一个非凡的夏天，这让我渴望更多。所以，我申请了波兰的富布赖特奖学金)” 可知，作者申请波兰
奖学金是为了获得另一次有意义的经历。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段“I learned as much about the history and culture in Central and Eastern Europe as I
did scientifically.(我对中欧和东欧的历史和文化的了解与我在科学方面的了解一样多)”以及第六段“My
cultural immersion made me a better researcher. I now see cross-cultural cooperations as a way to overcome
communication barriers that can block progress in science.(我的文化沉浸使我成为一名更好的研究者。我现在
将跨文化合作视为克服阻碍科学进步的沟通障碍的一种方式)”可知，作者在波兰的经历让他获得了科学知
识和全球视野。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段“With his support, I enjoyed a remarkable summer in a laboratory in Japan, which
left me wanting more. So, I applied for a Fulbright fellowship in Poland.(在他的支持下，我在日本的一个实验室
度过了一个非凡的夏天，这让我渴望更多。所以，我申请了波兰的富布赖特奖学金)”以及第三段“Relying
on Google to translate lab websites, I began to send cold emails. When my eventual host responded, eager to
collaborate, I was thrilled.(依靠谷歌翻译实验室网站，我开始发陌生邮件。当我最终的接待方回复我，并且
渴望合作时，我非常激动)”可知，作者在日本有了一次不错的经历后，即便在没有与波兰相关联系，且自
身波兰语技能仅为基础水平的情况下，仍大胆申请去波兰的奖学金，并主动发邮件联系实验室，这体现了
他的冒险精神（Adventurous），敢于走出舒适区去尝试新的经历。再根据第四段“I was the first visiting
scholar my research group had hosted from the United States, and my Polish colleagues were curious about what
brought me to their country. This led to many fruitful discussions about the similarities and differences in how
science is conducted across cultures.(我是我的研究小组接待的第一位来自美国的访问学者，我的波兰同事们
很好奇是什么把我带到了他们的国家。这引发了许多关于不同文化中科学研究方式的异同的富有成效的讨
论)”和第五段“Colleagues related firsthand accounts about challenges the region faced during the Cold War.
Many laboratories had limited resources, and they rarely published their research in English. Those conditions
helped shape research on antimicrobial treatment into bacteriophage and antibiotics, and Poland remain leaders in
the former to this day.(同事们讲述了该地区在冷战期间面临的挑战的第一手资料。许多实验室资源有限，而
且他们很少用英语发表研究成果。这些条件促成了对噬菌体和抗生素的抗菌治疗的研究，并且波兰在前者
方面至今仍处于领先地位)”可知，作者积极参与和同事们的讨论，了解当地科学研究的情况以及地区历史
等内容，展现出他强烈的求知欲（inquisitive），对新的知识和文化充满好奇并主动去探索。所以选项C
（有冒险精神和求知欲的）最能描述作者，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第六段“I now see cross - cultural cooperations as a way to overcome communication
barriers that can block progress in science.(我现在将跨文化合作视为克服阻碍科学进步的沟通障碍的一种方
式)”可推知，作者认为跨文化合作对科学的进步是至关重要的。故选A。
B
（2025·江苏南京·一模）From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants. But actual ants
— unlike cars — can avoid the stop-and-go traffic. On a driveway with 15 vehicles per mile, one driver tapping
their brakes can cause a persistent traffic jam. Researchers are now studying these insects’ cooperative strategies to
learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up.
Previous research had shown that ants can maintain their flow even at high densities (密度). So what’s their
secret? In a recent study published in Transportation Research, researchers recorded ants on trails and used traffic-
engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of
3 to 20 that move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another and they don’t speed
up to pass others.
Human drivers at rush hour hardly tend to follow such rules. “We’re maximizing the interests of individuals.
That is why, at a given point, you start to have a traffic jam,” says study co-author Nicola Pugno, who studies solid
mechanics at the University of Trento. In his vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would avoid traffic jams by
prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road.
Like ants on a trail, which use scent ( 气味) to control behavior while interacting with one another, the
autonomous vehicle network would help cars keep constant speeds while collecting and sharing information.
“There is no leader,” but this organization emerges anyway, says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a behavioral scientist at the
University of California. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed system can be very strong and
changeable.
Still, ants can do a lot of things that cars — even self-driving ones — can’t, the researcher points out. Ants
can make trails as wide as they like, unlike drivers stuck on highways. Plus, unlike cars, ants don’t crash; they can
literally walk over one another. Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam:
by leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a wave of braking in dense traffic
conditions that would otherwise give rise to a traffic jam with no obvious cause.
1．Which is the contributing factor to ants’ stable traffic at high densities?
A．Slow speed.
B．Varied trails.
C．Sufficient space.
D．Strict rules.
2．Which of the following is in line with Nicola Pugno’s opinion?
A．Prioritizing interests can lead to inefficient traffic flow.
B．Human drivers usually break the traffic rules at rush hour.
C．Human drivers will drive more slowly than autonomous vehicles.
D．Autonomous vehicles may be programmed to improve traffic situation.
3．What can we learn about autonomous vehicle network?
A．It can keep vehicle speed under control.
B．It can provide drivers with changeable routes.
C．It can form a solid and flexible traffic system.
D．It can use scent to communicate with vehicles.
4．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．What ants will do when they face traffic jams.
B．How ants may save you from future traffic jams.
C．What we can benefit from autonomous vehicles.
D．Why we should keep good distances while driving.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员通过研究蚂蚁在高密度交通下的行为模式，发现蚂蚁
通过保持稳定的行进速度和相互间适当的距离来避免交通堵塞，进而探讨如何将这些策略应用于自动驾驶
汽车，以减少或避免交通拥堵。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They found that the ants don’t jam because they travel in groups of 3 to 20 that
move at nearly constant rates while keeping good distances between one another and they don’t speed up to pass
others.(他们发现蚂蚁不会堵塞，因为它们以3 到20 只为一组，以几乎恒定的速度移动，同时彼此之间保持
适当的距离，而且它们不会加速超过其他蚂蚁)”可知，蚂蚁在高密度下交通稳定的原因是它们之间保持了
足够的空间，而不是慢速、多样的路径或严格的规则。故选C 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In his vision of this future, autonomous vehicles would avoid traffic jams by
prioritizing constant speeds and headways or by not passing others on the road.(在他对未来的设想中，自动驾驶
汽车将通过优先考虑恒定速度和车距，或者不在路上超车来避免交通堵塞)”可知，Nicola Pugno 认为自动
驾驶汽车可以通过编程来改善交通状况，即自动驾驶汽车可能被编程以改善交通状况。故选D 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Like ants on a trail, which use scent (气味) to control behavior while interacting
with one another, the autonomous vehicle network would help cars keep constant speeds while collecting and
sharing information. “There is no leader,” but this organization emerges anyway, says Noa Pinter-Wollman, a
behavioral scientist at the University of California. And in both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of distributed
system can be very strong and changeable.(就像小路上的蚂蚁，它们在相互交流时使用气味来控制行为，自动
驾驶汽车网络将帮助汽车保持恒定速度，同时收集和共享信息。加州大学的行为科学家Noa Pinter-
Wollman 说：“没有领导者，”但这种组织无论如何都会出现。在蚂蚁和车辆交通中，这种分布式系统都
非常强大且可变)”可知，自动驾驶汽车网络将帮助汽车保持恒定速度，同时收集和共享信息，这种分布式
系统都非常强大且可变，可推理出自动驾驶汽车网络可以形成一个坚固而灵活的交通系统。故选C 项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“From an airplane, cars crawling down the highway look like ants.
But actual ants — unlike cars — can avoid the stop-and-go traffic. On a driveway with 15 vehicles per mile, one
driver tapping their brakes can cause a persistent traffic jam. Researchers are now studying these insects’
cooperative strategies to learn how to program self-driving cars that don’t jam up(从飞机上看，在高速公路上爬
行的汽车看起来像蚂蚁。但实际的蚂蚁——与汽车不同——可以避免走走停停的交通。在一条每英里有15
辆车的车道上，一个司机踩刹车就能造成持续的交通堵塞。研究人员正在研究这些昆虫的合作策略，以学
习如何编程自动驾驶汽车，使其不会堵塞)”和最后一段“Today’s drivers can learn at least one thing from ants
to avoid causing a traffic jam: by leaving room between their car and the one ahead of them, drivers can absorb a
wave of braking in dense traffic conditions that would otherwise give rise to a traffic jam with no obvious cause(如
今的司机至少可以从蚂蚁身上学到一样东西来避免造成交通堵塞：通过在自己车和前车之间留出空间，司
机可以在密集的交通状况下吸收一波刹车潮，否则这股刹车潮会在没有明显原因的情况下引发交通堵塞)”
可知，文章围绕蚂蚁的交通策略展开，说明其对解决人类交通拥堵的启发，尤其是对自动驾驶汽车的借鉴
意义，因此，蚂蚁如何帮你摆脱未来交通拥堵可以概括本文的主题。故选B 项。
C
（2025·山东·二模）Chocolate is a popular snack, but the price of it continues to rise. Cocoa from the cacao
tree is the basic ingredient of chocolate; the trees thrive in warm and damp climates but are struggling due to
increasing aridity — a slow but non-stop drying of the land. This issue extends to producers around the globe,
threatening cocoa production and livelihoods of farmers.
Over the past 30 years, more than three-quarters of the Earth’s landmass has become drier. This dryness is a
long-term transformation with disastrous consequences for ecosystems, agriculture, and livelihoods.
Aridity arises from human-driven factors, including greenhouse gas emissions, unsustainable land use, and
natural resource degradation. Climate change, primarily caused by fossil fuel consumption and deforestation,
increases global temperatures, accelerating evaporation (蒸发) and heightening water shortage — even in regions
with moderate rainfall.
Unsustainable land use further intensifies aridity. Practices like deforestation and industrial farming degrade
soils, removing them from protective vegetation and essential nutrients. In cocoa-producing regions, deforestation
upsets local water cycles and wears away the topsoil. Degraded soils hold less water, deepening drought conditions.
Cocoa is just one crop at risk. Major agricultural zones are also affected. By 2100, up to 5 billion people may
live in dry lands, stretching food systems to their limit and forcing migration. Aridity also threatens ecosystems.
Wildlife struggles to adapt, and plant species suited to warm and damp conditions fail to survive. Economic losses
are overwhelming — Africa saw a 12% GDP decline from 1990 to 2015 due to rising aridity. Governments face
additional burdens from sandstorms, wildfires, and water shortages.
While aridity’s effects are severe, they are not entirely changeless. Restoring degraded lands, improving soil
health, and adopting sustainable farming practices can help. Efficient water management, investment in renewable
energy, and international cooperation are essential in battling aridity.
As chocolate prices hit record highs in early 2025 due to dry conditions in Africa, addressing aridity is a
matter of urgency. Beyond saving chocolate, it’s about preserving the planet’s ability to sustain life.
1．What’s the main reason for the rising price of chocolate?
A．The decline of cocoa production.
B．The high cost of basic ingredients.
C．The increasing demand for chocolate.
D．The shortage of cocoa tree plantations.
2．What do we know about aridity?
A．It is mainly caused by natural factors.
B．It only affects cocoa-producing regions.
C．It has a wide-ranging impact on various aspects.
D．It will disappear if sustainable land use is adopted.
3．Why is Africa’s GDP decline mentioned in paragraph 5?
A．To show aridity only causes economic losses in Africa.
B．To prove Africa is the most severely affected by aridity.
C．To criticize Africa lacks effective measures against aridity.
D．To illustrate aridity has a significant influence on economy.
4．Which of the following can fight against aridity?
A．Cutting off water supplies.
B．Replacing renewable energy.
C．Promoting soil conservation.
D．Practicing industrial farming.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了全球干旱化加剧对可可种植、农业生产及生态系统的威胁，并
导致巧克力价格上涨。但干旱化不仅是巧克力危机，也同时威胁农业、生态和经济。土地修复，可持续农
业，资源管理以及国际合作是对抗干旱的有效措施。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“… the trees thrive in warm and damp climates but are struggling due to
increasing aridity—a slow but non-stop drying of the land. This issue extends to producers around the globe,
threatening cocoa production and livelihoods of farmers.(……可可树在温暖潮湿的气候中生长旺盛，但由于土
地逐渐变得干旱，它们的生长状况正面临困境。这一问题波及全球的生产者，威胁着可可的产量以及农民
的生计。)”可知，土地逐渐变得干旱使得巧克力的原料来源可可树的生长状况面临困境，从而导致可可的
产量减少，最终导致巧克力价格上涨。故选A 项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“This dryness is a long-term transformation with disastrous
consequences for ecosystems, agriculture, and livelihoods.(这种干旱是一种长期的转变，对生态系统、农业和
生计造成灾难性后果。)”可知，干旱的影响不仅限于单一区域或作物，而是广泛涉及生态、农业、经济等
多方面。故选C 项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段内容“Economic losses are overwhelming—Africa saw a 12%GDP decline
from 1990 to 2015 due to rising aridity. (经济损失极为严重——自1990 年至2015 年，非洲的国内生产总值下
降了 12%，原因是干旱加剧。)”可知，导致非洲的国内生产总值下降的原因之一是干旱加剧，由此推知，
作者以非洲为例是为了说明干旱对经济的显著影响。故选D 项。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第六段内容“Restoring degraded lands, improving soil health, and adopting
sustainable farming practices can help. Efficient water management, investment in renewable energy, and
international cooperation are essential in battling aridity.(恢复退化的土地、改善土壤质量以及采用可持续的耕
作方式都有助于缓解干旱问题。有效的水资源管理、对可再生能源的投资以及国际间的合作对于对抗干旱
至关重要。)”可知，缓解或对抗干旱问题的方式有恢复退化的土地，改善土壤质量，采用可持续的耕作方
式，进行有效的水资源管理，对可再生能源投资以及国际合作。因此可知，选项C“Promoting soil
conservation.(促进土壤保护。)”是对抗干旱的措施。故选C 项。
题型二 完形词汇和短语
A
（2025·陕西·模拟预测）Food has a special way of 1 people. As José Andres said, it brings back
memories, unites people, and 2 us to faraway places. My mom’s 3 cooking in Illinois, a
French sandwich from a street stand in Italy, and a grilled hot dog at the Grand Canyon with my family all hold
precious 4 . These moments remind us that food is more than sustenance — it’s a bridge between hearts,
histories, and shared experiences that linger long after the meal ends.
Trying different foods is like 5 new cultures. Sharing meals helps us understand others better.
Every bite gives 6 insight into the local community, whether it’s the spices of a Moroccan tagine or the
simplicity of a Japanese tea ceremony. That’s why we made a guide to the best 7 in each state, from
Alaska’s salmon salad rooted in Indigenous traditions to Wyoming’s bison burgers celebrating frontier heritage.
We also share a chef’s story of mastering all the recipes her mentor 8 with her, and customers’ tips
on the 9 that transformed her cooking. These tales feel like 10 wisdom from a kitchen
companion, — simple, heartfelt, and deeply warm.
As Anthony Bourdain said, food might not fix everything, but it’s a 11 start. Let’s begin by 12
new tastes. Whether at home or 13 , food connects us uniquely. So 14 a napkin and enjoy every
meal, which is a unique chance to 15 — whether through flavors, stories, or the quiet joy of a shared
table.
1．A．dividing
B．connecting
C．amusing
D．testing
2．A．transports
B．invites
C．restricts
D．returns
3．A．terrible
B．fast
C．homemade
D．restaurant
4．A．pain
B．memories
C．secrets
D．dreams
5．A．avoiding
B．creating
C．exploring
D．leaving
6．A．a piece of
B．a bite of
C．a handful of
D．a view of
7．A．book
B．drink
C．food
D．salad
8．A．hid
B．shared
C．bought
D．forgot
9．A．novels
B．workouts
C．dishes
D．hobbies
10．A．flavorful
B．useless
C．confusing
D．technical
11．A．wrong
B．tiny
C．bad
D．good
12．A．refusing
B．seeking
C．disliking
D．forgetting
13．A．abroad
B．upstairs
C．above
D．late
14．A．wash
B．lose
C．grab
D．burn
15．A．imagine
B．experience
C．regret
D．wait
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D
12．B 13．A 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文结合了个人情感、文化体验和对美食的感悟。它通过讲述美食与人
们生活的紧密联系，展现了食物在连接人与人、文化与文化之间的独特作用。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：食物有一种特殊的联系人的方式。A. dividing 分开；B. connecting 连接，联
系；C. amusing 逗乐；D. testing 测试。根据下文的“it brings back memories, unites people (它唤起了人们的
回忆，将人们团结在一起)”可知，食物有一种特殊的方式来联系人们，唤起回忆，团结人们。故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如José Andres 所说，它能唤起回忆，团结人们，并带我们身临其境到遥
远的地方。A. transports 运送，使身临其境；B. invites 邀请；C. restricts 限制；D. returns 返回。根据下文的
“us to faraway places (我们去遥远的地方)”可知，食物能带我们到遥远的地方，即有一种身临其境的感觉。
故选A。
3．考查形容词与名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈在伊利诺伊州的自制烹饪，意大利街边摊的法国三明治，
以及我和家人在大峡谷吃的烤热狗，都承载着珍贵的回忆。A. terrible 糟糕的；B. fast 快的；C. homemade
自制的；D. restaurant 餐馆。根据空所在句“My mom’s… cooking in Illinois, a French sandwich from a street
stand in Italy, and a grilled hot dog at the Grand Canyon with my family…”及常识可知，这里指的是在伊利诺伊
州的家常烹饪，即妈妈自己做的饭。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈在伊利诺伊州的自制烹饪，意大利街边摊的法国三明治，以及我和
家人在大峡谷吃的烤热狗，都承载着珍贵的回忆。A. pain 痛苦；B. memories 回忆；C. secrets 秘密；D.
dreams 梦想。根据上文的“it brings back memories (它勾起了我的回忆)”以及下文的“These moments
remind us that food is more than sustenance (这些时刻提醒我们，食物不仅仅是维持生计的东西)”可知，这些
食物都承载着珍贵的回忆。故选B。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尝试不同的食物就像探索新的文化。A. avoiding 避免；B. creating 创造；C.
exploring 探索；D. leaving 离开。根据下文的“new cultures (新文化)”及常识可知，此处表示尝试不同的食
物就像是在探索新的文化。故选C。
6．考查数词短语辨析。句意：每一口都能让我们一口了解当地社区，无论是摩洛哥炖锅的香料，还是日
本茶道的简约。A. a piece of 一片，一块；B. a bite of 一口；C. a handful of 一把；D. a view of 一片……的景
色。根据上文的“Every bite gives”可知，此处指“每一口”都提供对当地社区的了解，“一口”更形象贴
切。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么我们制作了一份各州最佳食物指南，从阿拉斯加以土著传统
为基础的三文鱼沙拉到怀俄明州庆祝边境遗产的野牛汉堡。A. book 书；B. drink 饮料；C. food 食物；D.
salad 沙拉。根据上文的“Trying different foods (尝试不同的食物)”以及下文的“from Alaska’s salmon salad
rooted in Indigenous traditions to Wyoming’s bison burgers celebrating frontier heritage (从阿拉斯加以土著传统
为基础的三文鱼沙拉到怀俄明州庆祝边境遗产的野牛汉堡)”可知，这里指的是各州的最佳食物。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还分享了一位厨师的故事，她掌握了导师分享给她的所有食谱，以及
顾客对改变她烹饪的菜肴的秘诀。A. hid 隐藏；B. shared 分享；C. bought 买；D. forgot 忘记。根据上文的
“a chef’s story of mastering all the recipes (一个厨师掌握所有食谱的故事)”以及下文的“with her (和她)”可
知，这里指的是厨师掌握了导师与她分享的所有食谱。故选B。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们还分享了一位厨师的故事，她掌握了导师分享给她的所有食谱，以及
顾客对改变她烹饪的菜肴的秘诀。A. novels 小说；B. workouts 锻炼；C. dishes 菜肴；D. hobbies 爱好。根
据空所在句“and customers’ tips on the … that transformed her cooking (以及顾客对改变她烹饪的……的秘
诀)”及全文内容可知，本文围绕美食展开，这里指这位厨师烹饪的菜肴。故选C。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些故事感觉就像来自厨房伙伴的有味道的智慧——简单、真挚、深情。
A. flavorful 有味道的；B. useless 无用的；C. confusing 令人困惑的；D. technical 技术的。根据下文的
“wisdom from a kitchen companion, — simple, heartfelt, and deeply warm”及常识可知，“厨房伙伴的陪伴”
是有味道的，此处指这些故事感觉就像来自厨房伙伴的有味道的智慧。故选A。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如Anthony Bourdain 所说，食物可能无法解决所有问题，但它是一个
好的开始。A. wrong 错误的；B. tiny 微小的；C. bad 坏的；D. good 好的。根据上文的“food might not fix
everything (食物可能无法解决所有问题)”以及“but”可知，此处两句是转折关系，即食物虽然不能解决所有
问题，但它是一个好的开始。故选D。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我们从寻找新口味开始吧。A. refusing 拒绝；B. seeking 寻找；C.
disliking 不喜欢；D. forgetting 忘记。根据本句“Let’s begin by … new tastes. (让我们从……新口味开始吧)”
可知，此处指寻找新口味。故选B。
13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：无论是在家还是国外，食物都能以独特的方式联系我们。A. abroad 在国外；
B. upstairs 在楼上；C. above 在上面；D. late 晚。根据上文“Whether at home or”可知，食物能连接我们，
无论是在家还是在国外。故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以拿起一块餐巾纸，享受每一顿饭，这是一个独特的体验机会——无论
是通过口味、故事，还是共享餐桌的宁静喜悦。A. wash 洗；B. lose 失去；C. grab 抓住，拿起；D. burn 燃
烧。根据下文的“a napkin and enjoy every meal (一块餐巾纸，享受每一顿饭)”可知，这里指的是拿起一块
餐巾纸，享受每一顿饭。故选C。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以拿起一块餐巾纸，享受每一顿饭，这是一个独特的体验机会——无论
是通过口味、故事，或是共享餐桌的宁静喜悦。A. imagine 想象；B. experience 体验；C. regret 后悔；D.
wait 等待。根据空后“whether through flavors, stories, or the quiet joy of a shared table (无论是通过口味、故
事，还是共享餐桌的宁静喜悦)”可知，通过口味、故事，或是共享餐桌的宁静喜悦，都是一种独特的体验。
故选B。
B
（2025·浙江宁波·一模）My sister Lily decided to take up cycling to get fit after years of a sedentary office
job. I wholeheartedly 1 her decision, knowing how important it was for her well- being. To show my
support, I bought her a nice pair of cycling gloves and signed up for a local 20- mile cycling event with her.
As we gathered at the starting point on that sunny but breezy morning, we 2 our bikes nervously,
checking the gears and brakes one last time. “Are you sure you won’t get annoyed if I 3 a bit slower?”
she asked, her eyes filled with a mix of excitement and worry. She had only started 4 on weekends a
month ago. “Of course not,” I reassured her with a smile.
When the starting horn 5 , Lily pedaled off steadily. At first, I stayed right beside her, chatting and
enjoying the scenery. But as the road opened up and the wind seemed to push me forward, my competitive side
took over. I gradually 6 my speed, thinking she would catch up. After a few miles, I looked back, and
Lily was no longer in my line of sight. I kept going, pushing myself harder, and crossed the finish line in a 7
time of just under an hour. I felt a rush of pride, despite not having trained intensively.
Lily arrived at the finish line almost twenty minutes later, her face red and tired. She was clearly 8
, feeling that she had let me down. I couldn’t believe she thought that way. I gave her a big hug and told her how
proud I was of her for even finishing the race.
Determined to improve, Lily made a plan. She decided to cycle to work three times a week and 9
to participate in more cycling events. I watched her 10 early in the morning, even when it was foggy or
drizzling. I saw her face strong headwinds and deal with flat tires on the 11 country roads. There were
times when she was 12 by steep hills and wanted to give up, but she never did.
Finally, the day of the big regional cycling race came. This time, I made up my mind to stay with her. We
pedaled side by side, encouraging each other. When we were about to reach the finish line, Lily found some extra
strength and 13 ahead. She crossed the line just a few seconds before me, her eyes shining with joy and
14 . She had not only overcome her own self - doubt but also achieved a goal she once thought was impossible.
Her 15 legs from hours of cycling didn’t seem to bother her at all; all that mattered was the sense of
accomplishment she felt.
1．A．questioned
B．understood
C．backed
D．ignored
2．A．examined
B．cleaned
C．rode
D．parked
3．A．run
B．cycle
C．drive
D．walk
4．A．practicing
B．competing
C．traveling
D．resting
5．A．blew
B．rang
C．disappeared
D．broke
6．A．maintained
B．reduced
C．increased
D．measured
7．A．disappointing
B．average
C．ordinary
D．remarkable
8．A．happy
B．embarrassed
C．angry
D．relaxed
9．A．aimed
B．agreed
C．pretended
D．happened
10．A．set out
B．turn back
C．give up
D．slow down
11．A．crowded
B．smooth
C．lonely
D．busy
12．A．frightened
B．challenged
C．attracted
D．guided
13．A．looked
B．fell
C．rushed
D．stayed
14．A．pride
B．surprise
C．relief
D．fear
15．A．long
B．thin
C．strong
D．sore
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．A 11．C
12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者支持姐姐莉莉通过骑自行车改善健康并参加比赛的故事。莉
莉坚持不懈训练，最终在区域大赛中超越自我，实现了当初认为不可能的目标。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我全心全意支持她的决定，因为我知道这对她的健康有多重要。A.
questioned 质疑；B. understood 理解；C. backed 支持；D. ignored 忽视。根据后文“knowing how important it
was for her well-being”可知，作者知道骑自行车对姐姐的健康很重要，所以作者是支持姐姐这个决定的。
故选C 项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那个阳光明媚但微风轻拂的早晨，我们聚集在起点，紧张地检查自行车，
最后再检查一次齿轮和刹车。A. examined 检查；B. cleaned 清洁；C. rode 骑行；D. parked 停车。根据后文
“checking the gears and brakes one last time”可知，此处指再最后检查一次齿轮和刹车。故选A 项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“如果我骑得稍微慢一点，你确定你不会生气吗？”她问，眼里充满了兴
奋和担忧。A. run 跑；B. cycle 骑自行车；C. drive 驾驶；D. walk 走路。根据前文“I bought her a nice pair of
cycling gloves and signed up for a local 20-mile cycling event with her”可知，此处指和姐姐一起参加自行车比
赛，所以此处指骑得慢一点。故选B 项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她一个月前才开始在周末练习。A. practicing 练习；B. competing 比赛；C.
traveling 旅行；D. resting 休息。根据前文“My sister Lily decided to take up cycling to get fit”及后文“on
weekends a month ago”可知，此处指姐姐为了身体健康，一个月前才开始在周末练习骑自行车。故选A 项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当起跑号角响起时，莉莉稳稳地蹬起自行车。A. blew 吹；B. rang 响；C.
disappeared 消失；D. broke 打破。根据后文“Lily pedaled off steadily”可知，此处指起跑的号角响了，莉莉
开始骑自行车。故选B 项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我逐渐加快了速度，以为她会追上来的。A. maintained 维持；B. reduced
减少；C. increased 增加；D. measured 测量。根据后文“thinking she would catch up”及“After a few miles, I
looked back, and Lily was no longer in my line of sight”可知，此处指作者加快了速度，以为姐姐会追上来。
故选C 项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我继续前行，更加努力地鞭策自己，用了不到一个小时的惊人时间冲过
了终点线。A. disappointing 令人失望的；B. average 平均的；C. ordinary 普通的；D. remarkable 非凡的，惊
人的。根据后文“just under an hour”及“I felt a rush of pride, despite not having trained intensively”可知，此
处指作者虽然训练强度不大，但还是用了不到一个小时的惊人时间完成了比赛。故选D 项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很明显很尴尬，觉得自己让我失望了。A. happy 开心的；B.
embarrassed 尴尬的；C. angry 生气的；D. relaxed 放松的。根据后文“feeling that she had let me down”可知，
此处指莉莉觉得自己让作者失望了，所以感到很尴尬。故选B 项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她决定每周骑自行车上班三次，并打算参加更多的自行车比赛。A. aimed 打
算；B. agreed 同意；C. pretended 假装；D. happened 发生。根据前文“Determined to improve, Lily made a
plan”可知，莉莉为了提高自己制定了计划，此处指她打算参加更多的自行车比赛。故选A 项。
10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我看到她一大早就出发了，即使是在有雾或下毛毛雨的时候。A. set
out 出发；B. turn back 返回；C. give up 放弃；D. slow down 减速。根据后文“early in the morning, even
when it was foggy or drizzling”可知，此处指莉莉很早就出发去骑自行车上班，即使是在天气不好的时候。
故选A 项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看到她在偏僻的乡村道路上迎着强风，处理爆胎的情况。A. crowded
拥挤的；B. smooth 光滑的；C. lonely 偏僻的；D. busy 忙碌的。根据后文“country roads”及前文“face
strong headwinds and deal with flat tires”可知，此处指在偏僻的乡村道路上骑自行车会遇到很多困难。故选
C 项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时她被陡峭的山坡所挑战，想要放弃，但她从未这样做过。A. frightened
吓唬；B. challenged 挑战；C. attracted 吸引；D. guided 引导。根据后文“by steep hills and wanted to give up,
but she never did”可知，此处指有时陡峭的山坡会挑战莉莉，但她从未放弃。故选B 项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们快要到达终点线时，莉莉找到了一些额外的力量，向前冲去。A.
looked 看；B. fell 摔倒；C. rushed 冲；D. stayed 停留。根据后文“ahead”及“She crossed the line just a few
seconds before me”可知，此处指快要到达终点时，莉莉找到了一些额外的力量，向前冲去。故选C 项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她冲过了终点线，只比我早几秒钟，眼里闪烁着喜悦和自豪的光芒。A.
pride 自豪；B. surprise 惊讶；C. relief 宽慰；D. fear 恐惧。根据前文“She had not only overcome her own
self-doubt but also achieved a goal she once thought was impossible”及“her eyes shining with joy”可知，此处指
莉莉不仅克服了自我怀疑，还实现了自己曾经认为不可能实现的目标，所以她眼里闪烁着喜悦和自豪的光
芒。故选A 项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她骑了几个小时的自行车，腿很疼，但这似乎并没有打扰到她；重要的
是她所感受到的成就感。A. long 长的；B. thin 瘦的；C. strong 强壮的；D. sore 疼痛的。根据后文“from
hours of cycling”可知，此处指莉莉骑了几个小时的自行车，腿很疼。故选D 项。
C
（2025·山东潍坊·三模）Years ago, Joan Murray, an American bank employee, was testing new skydiving
equipment. Aged 47, she 1 from the plane and went into free-fall. She pulled her toggle (拴扣钉), but
nothing happened. Murray was left 14,000 feet above the ground, 2 at a speed of 80 miles per hour.
When most of us would have started screaming, and saying our last prayers, she remained 3 and pulled
the toggle for her reserve parachute (降落伞). 4 , while it opened, Murray was still turning in circles
rapidly and so the parachute became twisted, failing as a result. At 700 feet above the ground, her chances of 5
were nearly zero.
However, when Murray finally 6 the ground, she ended up landing on a mound (土丘) of ants.
And they weren’t just any ordinary ants, but red ants. 7 by the sudden disturbance, they attacked her.
Murray was unable to move, remarkably still conscious, trying to 8 her breath. She felt a 9
sensation on her back. The bites, though painful, kept her alive until the 10 arrived. Then, Murray was
rushed to Carolina Medical Center, where doctors discovered she had 11 several broken bones and
missing teeth. They performed reconstructive operations on her.
However, it was the ants’ 12 — over 200, according to Legends of Surgery — that kept Murray
alive. The angry ants’ poison 13 her, filling her with adrenaline (肾上腺素) and keeping her heart from
stopping.
Murray 14 and, two years after the accident, bravely took to the skies again. Murray’s story is a
reminder that even in the most desperate situations, life can find a 15 way to survive.
1．A．dived
B．escaped
C．dropped
D．climbed
2．A．driving
B．traveling
C．bouncing
D．running
3．A．still
B．confused
C．calm
D．excited
4．A．Unfortunately
B．Interestingly
C．Apparently
D．Undoubtedly
5．A．death
B．arrival
C．departure
D．survival
6．A．hit
B．approached
C．swept
D．broke
7．A．Inspired
B．Angered
C．Convinced
D．Attracted
8．A．save
B．catch
C．hold
D．waste
9．A．falling
B．freezing
C．refreshing
D．burning
10．A．police
B．ambulance
C．families
D．journalists
11．A．assessed
B．lost
C．sustained
D．cured
12．A．bites
B．efforts
C．poison
D．population
13．A．fed
B．weakened
C．scared
D．shocked
14．A．checked out
B．showed off
C．pulled through
D．looked back
15．A．normal
B．peaceful
C．strange
D．dangerous
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．D 10．B 11．C
12．A 13．D 14．C 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了默里跳伞遇险后因蚂蚁叮咬而获救的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1 岁的她从飞机上俯冲而下，进入自由落体状态。A. dived 俯冲，潜水；B.
escaped 逃跑；C. dropped 落下，跳下；D. climbed 爬。根据空后“from the plane and went into free-fall”可知，
此处指Murray 从飞机上进行跳伞动作，dived 更能体现主动跳下的动作，符合跳伞场景。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：默里被留在离地面14000 英尺的高空，以每小时80 英里的速度移动。A.
driving 驾驶；B. traveling 移动，行进；C. bouncing 弹跳；D. running 跑。根据空后“at a speed of 80 miles
per hour”可知，此处描述自由落体时的速度状态，即以每小时80 英里的速度移动。故选B。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们大多数人都会开始尖叫，做最后的祈祷时，她保持冷静，拉开了
备用降落伞的拴扣钉。A. still 静止的；B. confused 困惑的；C. calm 冷静的；D. excited 兴奋的。根据前文
“When most of us would have started screaming, and saying our last prayers”可知，与大多数人形成对比，
Murray 能保持冷静。故选C。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，当它打开时，默里仍在快速旋转，所以降落伞扭曲了，结果失
败了。A. Unfortunately 不幸地；B. Interestingly 有趣地；C. Apparently 显然地；D. Undoubtedly 无疑地。根
据后文“while it opened, Murray was still turning in circles rapidly and so the parachute became twisted, failing as
a result”可知，备用降落伞打开后仍因旋转而失效，这是不幸的情况。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在离地面700 英尺的高空，她生还的机会几乎为零。A. death 死亡；B.
arrival 到达；C. departure 离开；D. survival 生存。根据前文“At 700 feet above the ground”和空后“were
nearly zero”可知，高空坠落且降落伞失效，所以生还的机会几乎为零。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当默里最终撞到地面时，她落在了一群蚂蚁身上。A. hit 撞击；B.
approached 接近；C. swept 打扫；D. broke 打破。根据空前“while it opened, Murray was still turning in
circles rapidly and so the parachute became twisted, failing as a result”以及空后“she ended up landing on a
mound (土丘) of ants”可知，高空坠落且降落伞失效，所以此处指撞到地面。故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们被突然的干扰激怒了，于是攻击了她。A. Inspired 鼓舞；B. Angered 激
怒；C. Convinced 使确信；D. Attracted 吸引。根据后文“they attacked her”可知，因被打扰，蚂蚁被激怒了，
攻击了Murray。故选B。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Murray 无法移动，显然仍然有意识，试图喘口气。A. save 拯救；B. catch 抓
住；C. hold 屏住；D. waste 浪费。根据前文“remarkably still conscious”可知，Murray 还有意识，所以她试
图喘口气。catch one's breath 为固定搭配，意为“喘口气”。故选B。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她感到背部有灼烧感。A. falling 落下的；B. freezing 极冷的；C. refreshing
提神的；D. burning 灼烧的。根据后文“The bites, though painful”可知，被红蚁叮咬后，背部会有灼烧感。
故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管被咬得很痛，但这些咬痕让她活了下来，直到救护车赶到。A. police
警察；B. ambulance 救护车；C. families 家庭；D. journalists 记者。根据后文“Then, Murray was rushed to
Carolina Medical Center”可知，此处指救护车赶到，把Murray 送到了医疗中心。故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，Murray 被紧急送往卡罗莱纳医疗中心，医生发现她有几处骨折和牙
齿缺失。A. assessed 评估；B. lost 失去；C. sustained 遭受，承受；D. cured 治愈。根据空后“several broken
bones and missing teeth”可知，此处指遭受了几处骨折和牙齿缺失。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，正是蚂蚁的叮咬——根据《外科传奇》记载，超过200 次——让默
里活了下来。A. bites 叮咬；B. efforts 努力；C. poison 毒药；D. population 人口。根据前文“The bites,
though painful, kept her alive”可知，此处指蚂蚁的叮咬。故选A。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：愤怒的蚂蚁的毒液刺激了她，让她充满了肾上腺素，防止她的心脏停止跳
动。A. fed 喂养；B. weakened 削弱；C. scared 使害怕；D. shocked 使震惊，刺激。根据后文“filling her
with adrenaline (肾上腺素) and keeping her heart from stopping”可知，蚂蚁的刺激身体分泌肾上腺素，
shocked 在此处表示 “刺激”，符合生理反应。故选D。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Murray 康复了，事故发生两年后，她又勇敢地飞上了天空。A. checked out
结账离开；B. showed off 炫耀；C. pulled through 康复；D. looked back 回顾。根据后文“bravely took to the
skies again”可知，Murray 能够重新飞上了天空，说明她康复了。故选C。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：默里的故事提醒我们，即使在最绝望的情况下，生命也能找到一种奇怪
的方式生存下来。A. normal 正常的；B. peaceful 和平的；C. strange 奇怪的；D. dangerous 危险的。根据前
文“even in the most desperate situations, life can find a”以及全文语境可知，被蚂蚁叮咬而存活的经历很奇特，
所以此处指生命能找到一种奇怪的方式生存下来。故选C。
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
A
（2025·江苏泰州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jiangsu Taizhou High School, 1 unique and outstanding educational institution worthy of note,
2 (leave) a profound mark on the educational landscape of the region in recent years.
The campus of the school is truly a splendid place. It sprawls over a large area 3 (dot) with green
lawns and towering trees. Throughout the year, a rich variety of flowers burst into bloom, adding a touch of vivid
color. The teaching buildings are spacious and well-equipped. Classrooms are bright and spotless, 4
(provide) a comfortable environment for students to study. Apart from these, the school has advanced laboratories,
which enable us to conduct interesting 5 (science) experiments.
Teachers are the very core of the school, who are highly professional and passionate about teaching. By
employing diverse teaching methods, they make complex knowledge easy 6 (understand). Their attention
is not only fixed on students’ academic achievements 7 on their personal development.
There are 8 (number) activities for students in this school. For instance, the annual sports meeting
is filled with thrills, 9 students can show their athletic abilities. Cultural festivals also offer a platform for
them to display their talents in art, music, and so on. It comes 10 no surprise that these activities can
enrich their school life and help them develop teamwork. Altogether, Taizhou High School is a place that nurtures
students’ dreams and help them move forward.
【答案】
1．a 2．has left 3．dotted 4．providing 5．scientific 6．to understand 7．but 8．
numerous 9．where 10．as
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是江苏泰州高中的校园环境、师资力量及学生活动，展现其独特
的教育魅力。
1．考查冠词。句意：江苏泰州高级中学是一所独特且杰出的教育机构，近年来在地区教育领域留下了深
刻的印记。institution 为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处表示“一所独
特的教育机构”表示泛指意义，所以此处为不定冠词，unique 的首个音素为辅音，所以使用不定冠词a。
故填a。
2．考查谓语动词。句意：江苏泰州高级中学是一所独特且杰出的教育机构，近年来在地区教育领域留下
了深刻的印记。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语in recent years 可知，此处使用现在完成时，leave 与主语
Jiangsu Taizhou High School 之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填has left。
3．考查过去分词。句意：它横跨大片绿地和高耸的树木点缀的区域。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词
area，根据be dotted with 意为“点缀着”可知，dot 与area 之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。
故填dotted。
4．考查现在分词。句意：教室明亮整洁，为学生提供了一个舒适的学习环境。此处为非谓语动词作状语，
provide 与逻辑主语classrooms 之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填providing。
5．考查形容词。句意：除此之外，学校还拥有先进的实验室，使我们能够进行有趣的科学实验。此处为
形容词那个作定语修饰名词experiments，science 的形容词为scientific 意为“科学的”符合句意。故填
scientific。
6．考查动词不定式。句意：通过采用多样化的教学方法，他们使得复杂知识易于理解。此处为非谓语动
词作状语修饰形容词easy，在“表示性质的形容词+to do”结构中，通常使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意
义，作状语，其中常见的形容词有difficult，easy，hard，interesting，pleasant，nice 等。所以此处使用动词
不定式形式。故填to understand。
7．考查连词。句意：他们的关注点不仅在于学生的学业成绩，还在于学生的个人发展。此处为“not
only…but (also)…”连接并列结构，其中also 可以省略，所以此处使用连词but。故填but。
8．考查形容词。句意：这所学校为学生们提供了大量的活动。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词activities，
number 的形容词为numerous 意为“大量的”符合句意。故填numerous。
9．考查定语从句。句意：例如，年度运动会充满了刺激，学生们可以在此展示他们的运动能力。此处为
关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，所以此处使用关系副词，先行词sports meeting
为抽象地点名词，所以此处使用关系副词where。故填where。
10．考查介词。句意：毫不奇怪，这些活动丰富了他们的学校生活，帮助他们培养团队合作精神。此处为
固定短语come as no surprise 意为“毫不意外”符合句意。故填as。
B
（2025·陕西安康·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The long-tailed stonefly, Zelandoperla, a native insect of New Zealand, once existed in large numbers in
forest ecosystems where it adopted a clever survival strategy: It imitated ( 模仿) the 1 (appear) of a
uniquely poisonous stonefly, Austroperla, 2 forest insect that produces deadly chemicals to frighten away
birds. However, the research team from New Zealand’s University of Otago have found that in deforested areas
without Austroperla in the picture, and 3 fewer birds, some Zelandoperla have given up the trick.
Zelandoperla’s successful disguise (伪装) frightened their feathered enemies, 4 were unable to tell
the difference between it and Austroperla and went away from both. Austroperla belongs to forest-dwelling species:
It lives in streams where it feeds on leaves and woody pieces. However, the forests 5 (destroy), with the
arrival of European settlers, who brought with them 6 (extend) logging practices. The ecological balance
began to collapse. In those deforested areas, Austroperla’s 7 (prefer) food sources were lacking, leading
to a severe reduction in the population of Austroperla. As a result, in such regions, the imitating species now has
abandoned the imitation strategy, instead 8 (transform) into a different color to better suit its new, less
dangerous surroundings.
The findings provide strong evidence of “the possibility for populations to adapt 9 (rapid) in the
wake of sudden environmental change,” the team write in their published paper. As shown by Zelandoperla’s shift
in color and behavior, life finds a way 10 (adjust) and survive even under challenging circumstances.
【答案】
1．appearance 2．a 3．with 4．which 5．were destroyed 6．extensive 7．preferred
8．transforming 9．rapidly 10．to adjust
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新西兰本土昆虫长尾石蝇的生存策略变化，欧洲殖民者到来使森
林被破坏，其模仿对象数量减少，它于是改变颜色以适应新环境。
1．考查名词。句意：它模仿了一种独特的有毒石蝇奥斯特洛石蝇的外观。提示词作宾语，用名词
appearance，意为“外观，外貌”，不可数名词。故填appearance。
2．考查冠词。句意：它模仿了一种独特的有毒石蝇奥斯特洛石蝇的外观，这是一种能产生致命化学物质
来吓跑鸟类的森林昆虫。可数名词insect 在句中表示“一种森林昆虫”，泛指，且forest 发音以辅音音素开
头，应用不定冠词a 修饰。故填a。
3．考查介词。句意：然而，来自新西兰奥塔哥大学的研究团队发现，在没有奥斯特洛石蝇且鸟类较少的
森林砍伐地区。“ fewer birds”作伴随状语，表示“具有，带有”，用介词with。故填with。
4．考查定语从句。句意：长尾石蝇成功的伪装吓坏了它们长羽毛的敌人，这些敌人无法分辨它和奥斯特
洛石蝇的区别，于是都离开了。“_____ were unable to tell the difference between it and Austroperla”为非限制
性定语从句，修饰先行词their feathered enemies，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，应使用关系代词
which 引导该从句。故填which。
5．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，随着欧洲殖民者的到来，森林被破坏了，他们带来了大规模
的伐木作业。destroy(破坏)是主句谓语动词，与主语the forests 之间是被动关系，且根据“with the arrival of
European settlers”可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词也用复
数形式。故填were destroyed。
6．考查形容词。句意：然而，随着欧洲殖民者的到来，森林被破坏了，他们带来了大规模的伐木作业。
提示词修饰名词logging practices，用形容词extensive 作定语，意为“大规模的，广泛的”。故填
extensive。
7．考查形容词。句意：在那些森林砍伐地区，奥斯特洛石蝇首选的食物来源匮乏，导致奥斯特洛石蝇的
数量严重减少。提示词修饰名词词组food sources，用形容词preferred 作定语，意为“首选的，更合意的”。
故填preferred。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：结果，在这些地区，这种模仿物种现在已经放弃了模仿策略，转而变成了不
同的颜色，以更好地适应其新的、危险性较小的环境。transform(改变)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语the
imitating species 之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动，在句中作伴随状语。故填transforming。
9．考查副词。句意：该团队在他们发表的论文中写道，这些发现有力地证明了“种群在突然的环境变化
后有可能迅速适应”。提示词修饰动词adapt，用副词rapidly 作状语，意为“迅速地”。故填rapidly。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：正如长尾石蝇在颜色和行为上的转变所显示的那样，即使在具有挑战性的环
境中，生命也能找到调整和生存的方法。a way to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事的方法”，用不定式作
后置定语。故填to adjust。
C
（2025·广西柳州·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hoarding (囤积症) is a disorder where a person collects items and stores them in a typically chaotic manner,
so that their environment grows messy or begins to block the person’s ability to live their life. The hoarded items
will not 1 (necessary) have monetary value, because hoarding behavior is more often a sign of anxiety in
a person’s life 2 a reflection of the value of the items themselves.
The underlying reasons for uncontrollable collecting vary from person to person: Some hoarders save items
because they can imagine future uses for them, while others resist 3 (throw) away objects for reasons
rooted in sorrow or fear.
Actually 4 (link) to anxiety, low mood, or depression, hoarding is not about people being lazy or
dirty. When people are emotionally struggling, they don’t always have the energy to look after 5 (they),
let alone their homes. In response to sorrow and 6 (lose), people sometimes turn to uncontrolled items
collecting, in 7 situation, hoarding disorder can be 8 form of self-neglect, and people
experiencing it deserve support and sympathy.
Addressing hoarding, especially when such behavior is an extension of otherwise understandable beliefs,
9 (be) difficult. However, putting systems and steps in place around item management will make everyday life
easier for those hoarders in the future, lessening such tendencies. 10 is important is to be aware of the
way that external stresses may be pushing individuals to develop or deepen hoarding behavior.
【答案】
1．necessarily 2．than 3．throwing 4．linked 5．themselves 6．loss 7．which
8．a 9．is 10．What
【导语】这是一篇说明文。囤积症是一种无序收藏物品的病症，成因因人而异，与情绪问题相关，解决困
难，需关注外部压力影响 。
1．考查副词。句意：囤积的物品不一定有金钱价值，因为与其说囤积行为是物品本身价值的反映，不如
说更多时候是一个人生活中其他注意力集中和焦虑的一种表现。have 为谓语动词，需用副词修饰，
necessary 的副词形式是necessarily，作状语，not necessarily 表示“不一定”，符合句意。故填
necessarily。
2．考查固定搭配。句意：囤积的物品不一定有金钱价值，因为与其说囤积行为是物品本身价值的反映，
不如说更多时候是一个人生活中其他注意力集中和焦虑的一种表现。根据“more often”可知，此处考查
“more...than...”结构，意为“与其说……不如说……”。故填than。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：一些囤积者保存物品是因为他们可以想象到未来对这些物品的用途，而另一
些人则因为悲伤或恐惧的原因而抗拒扔掉这些物品。此空考查resist doing sth.，为固定用法，意为“抗拒
做某事”，所以throw 要用动名词形式throwing 作宾语。故填throwing。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：实际上，囤积症与焦虑、情绪低落或抑郁有关，它并不是因为人们懒惰或不
讲卫生。be linked to，表示“与……有关”，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语。故填linked。
5．考查代词。句意：当人们情绪低落时，他们往往没有足够的精力去照顾自己，更不用说打理自己的家
了。 宾语和主语所指相同，因此宾语用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
6．考查名词。句意：面对悲伤与失落，人们有时会转向无节制的物品收集行为，在这种情况下，囤积症
可能是一种自我忽视的表现，而正在经历这种状况的人理应得到支持和同情。作介词的宾语，用名词
loss。故填loss。
7．考查定语从句。句意：面对悲伤与失落，人们有时会转向无节制的物品收集行为，在这种情况下，囤
积症可能是一种自我忽视的表现，而正在经历这种状况的人理应得到支持和同情。这里考查非限制性定语
从句，先行词是前面整个句子，用关系代词which。in which sense，表示“从这种意义上说”，其在定语
从句中表示对先行词在特定语义或逻辑层面的修饰，通常用于抽象概念的限定或说明。故填which。
8．考查冠词。句意：面对悲伤与失落，人们有时会转向无节制的物品收集行为，在这种情况下，囤积症
可能是一种自我忽视的表现，而正在经历这种状况的人理应得到支持和同情。form 为可数名词，此处泛指
“一种形式”，应用不定冠词修饰，且form 为辅音音素开始的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。
9．考查时态。句意：要解决囤积行为问题，尤其是当这种行为是源于一些可以理解的观念的延伸时，确
实是一项艰巨的任务。空处为主句谓语动词，根据上文is 可知为一般现在时，主语为Addressing
hoarding，谓语用单数。故填is。
10．考查主语从句。句意：重要的是要意识到外部压力是如何促使个体形成或强化囤积行为的。引导主语
从句，从句缺少主语，指代事物，故用what，首字母大写。故填What。
03 高考溯源练
A
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his
town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after
her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students,
who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?”
Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis ( 论
点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written
pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would
have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice.
This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit
followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre ( 体裁)
and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories,
10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students
demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook
full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s
skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
1．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1?
A．Ninth graders.
B．Students’ parents.
C．Modern writers.
D．Fictional characters.
2．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay?
A．They were not given enough time.
B．They had a very limited vocabulary.
C．They misunderstood the question.
D．They had little interest in the topic.
3．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Mixed.
B．Amazing.
C．Similar.
D．Disturbing.
4．What does the author’s experience show?
A．Teaching is learning.
B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knowledge is power.
D．Practice makes perfect.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名写作课老师，通过教学实践逐渐认识到学生写
作动力的来源以及写作真正意义的成长故事。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his
town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after
her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students,
who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了
自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A 的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝
其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们
笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构
人物。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence
that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the
question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply
didn’t strike them as important. (大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。
随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉
得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选
D。
3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中划线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10
to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (学生们选取了多样的主题，交
上来的故事每篇都有10 到20 页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可推知，此处指学生
们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹
的、惊人的”，与B 选项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章最后一段中“I walked into class believing that writing is important as
a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final
bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance —
the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚
信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，
我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思
考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，
自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning (教学相
长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。
B
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t
seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 1 the beloved home our family had
spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the 2 we were moving to in town, donated
what we could, and rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects. That left a house still 4
with things that, while not particularly 5 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting
additional 6 , another asking for a price cut. As our 7 day drew near, I settled on a new price
($0) and reposted it. The 8 : “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my
house and left happily with the vase.
9 , I posted more. My daily posts and the 10 I received became a precious ray of light in
the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to 11 the landfill and to please another person I
might not otherwise have 12 .
I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the 13 that share our small space. I take 14
in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is 15 something that couldn’t come with us.
1．A．painting over
B．looking around
C．emptying out
D．pulling down
2．A．hotel
B．office
C．cottage
D．apartment
3．A．store
B．display
C．sell
D．repair
4．A．covered
B．decorated
C．stuffed
D．equipped
5．A．conventional
B．valuable
C．complicated
D．tolerable
6．A．fees
B．photos
C．receipts
D．models
7．A．move
B．pay
C．market
D．work
8．A．warning
B．request
C．description
D．reply
9．A．Confused
B．Interested
C．Disappointed
D．Encouraged
10．A．visits
B．reports
C．advice
D．money
11．A．remove
B．spare
C．find
D．check
12．A．investigated
B．recognized
C．encountered
D．recommended
13．A．giveaways
B．posts
C．contributions
D．belongings
14．A．joy
B．part
C．care
D．time
15．A．anticipating
B．appreciating
C．delivering
D．withdrawing
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B
12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在搬家过程中通过免费赠送旧物获得快乐的故事。
1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23 年时
间建造的心爱的房子。A. painting over 粉刷覆盖；B. looking around 环顾四周；C. emptying out 清空；D.
pulling down 拆除。根据上文“ My husband and I had just sold our house”和下文“the beloved home our
family had spent 23 years filling up”可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西。
故选C。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东
西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. hotel 酒店；B. office 办公室；C. cottage 小屋；D.
apartment 公寓。根据文章最后一段“I sit in my apartment today”可推知，此处指作者一家人搬到了公寓。
故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东
西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. store 储存；B. display 展示；C. sell 出售；D.
repair 修理。根据上文“rented a place”以及下文“our supposedly important objects”可推知，此处指租地方
是为了存放重要物品。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填
埋场的东西。A. covered 覆盖的；B. decorated 装饰的；C. stuffed 塞满的；D. equipped 配备的。根据上文
“rented a place to 3 our supposedly important objects”以及下文“with things”可推知，此处指房子里仍塞
满物品。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填
埋场的东西。A. conventional 传统的；B. valuable 有价值的；C. complicated 复杂的；D. tolerable 可容忍
的。根据上文“while not particularly”以及下文“didn’t belong in a landfill”可推知，此处指虽不贵重但不应
丢弃的物品。故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。A. fees 费用；
B. photos 照片；C. receipts 收据；D. models 模型。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase”及“additional”可
推知，此处指有人索要更多照片。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着搬家日的临近，我确定了一个新的价格（0 美元）并重新发布了它。A.
move 搬家；B. pay 支付；C. market 市场；D. work 工作。根据前文搬家背景及下文“day drew near”可推
知，此处指搬家日临近。故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：描述：“我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。”A. warning 警告；B. request 请
求；C. description 描述；D. reply 回复。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online”以及下文
“I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.”可推知，此处指是重新发布的对花瓶的描述。故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到鼓励，我发布了更多。A. Confused 困惑的；B. Interested 感兴趣的；
C. Disappointed 失望的；D. Encouraged 受鼓励的。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house
and left happily with the vase.”以及作者后文持续发帖的行为，可推知，此处指作者受到鼓舞。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天收到的帖子和来我家里的拜访，在我混乱的房子里变成了一束珍贵
的光芒。A. visits 拜访；B. reports 报告；C. advice 建议；D. money 钱。根据上文“In an instant, a woman
raced into my house”以及“My daily posts”和后文的互动，可推知，此处指去作者家里拜访。故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原
本可能不会遇到的人。A. remove 移除；B. spare 省得；免去；C. find 发现；D. check 检查。根据上文语
境以及下文“the landfill”可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare 引申为
“免去”表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原
本可能不会遇到的人。A. investigated 调查；B. recognized 认出；C. encountered 遇见；D. recommended
推荐。根据上文“another person I might not otherwise”可推知，此处指免费赠送旧物让原本不会遇见的人感
到高兴。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，爱着我们小空间里的每一件所有物。A.
giveaways 赠品；B. posts 帖子；C. contributions 贡献；D. belongings 所有物。结合语境，再根据上文“I
sit in my apartment today”以及下文“share our small space”可推知，此处指现在拥有的物品。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，
我感到很快乐。A. joy 快乐；B. part 部分；C. care 关心；D. time 时间。结合语境，再根据上文“loving
each of the 13 that share our small space.”以及下文“in knowing that, somewhere nearby”可推知，此处指作
者免费赠送旧物，也从中获得了快乐。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，
我感到很快乐。A. anticipating 期待；B. appreciating 欣赏；C. delivering 递送；D. withdrawing 撤回。根
据上文“I take 13 in knowing that, somewhere nearby”以及下文“something that couldn’t come with us”可
推知，此处指他人在欣赏这些作者带不走的，赠予的物品。故选B。
C
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整
的短文。
“What is your name? ” is a question most frequently asked when people meet for the first time. But for me, it
was the first challenge I encountered as an international student in Ireland.
The pronunciation system of the Chinese language is quite different from that of English. For native speakers
of English, some Chinese words are rather difficult to pronounce. My given name Qiuyu (秋雨), for instance,
happened to be a great challenge for many of them. Every time I gave a self-introduction, I had to explain how to
pronounce my name at least five times, yet they still could not say it the way I did.
Once in a lecture, the professor tried repeating my name after me over and over in front of thirty classmates.
I really did not know whether I should continue correcting him or simply drop the matter. I feared that my
classmates might grow tired of my efforts or even lose patience with me. After all, I did care about how others
would think of me. I realized that if I didn’t stop, the entire lecture would be ruined. “It’s okay, professor,” I
shrugged (耸肩). The awkward moment ended with the class erupting into laughter. I forced a smile, unsure how to
respond further.
After that incident, I stopped acting as a “Chinese teacher.” Instead of correcting others when they were
struggling to pronounce my name, I just smiled and nodded approvingly. This approach spared me the discomfort
of having to over-explain. However, I soon found that by doing so, I might be losing something more important: the
opportunity to share a small part of my cultural identity.
注意：
(1) 续写词数应为150 个左右；
(2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
In a class discussion, I was invited to explain the meaning of my name.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
Many of my classmates got interested and came up to me after class.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
【答案】One possible version:
In a class discussion, I was invited to explain the meaning of my name. Standing up, I felt a mix of
nervousness and excitement. “My name, Qiuyu, combines the characters for autumn and rain in Chinese,” I began,
my voice steady. “Autumn represents harvest and maturity, while rain symbolizes nourishment and growth.
Together, they embody a time of abundance and renewal.” As I spoke, I noticed the rapt attention of my classmates,
their eyes reflecting curiosity and respect. It was a moment of connection, a bridge built between cultures through
the simple act of sharing my name.
Many of my classmates got interested and came up to me after class. They surrounded me, their questions
pouring out like a stream. “What other names have beautiful meanings in Chinese?” “Can you teach us how to
write our names in Chinese characters?” I smiled, feeling a warmth spread through me. I took out a piece of paper
and began to sketch out characters, explaining each stroke and its significance. Through this interaction, I realized
that by embracing my cultural identity, I was not only preserving my heritage but also enriching the lives of those
around me. It was a small yet meaningful step towards fostering cultural understanding and appreciation.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了作者作为国际学生在爱尔兰因中文名字发音难而遭遇挑战，
之后在一次课堂讨论中分享名字含义，意识到分享文化身份重要性，并借此与同学增进文化理解的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在课堂讨论中，我被邀请解释我名字的含义。”可知，第一段可描写作者在课堂讨
论中解释自己名字的含义，并感受到同学们的专注和尊重，意识到这是一个文化交流的契机。
②由第二段首句内容“我的许多同学都很感兴趣，下课后都来找我。”可知，第二段可描写课后同学们对
作者名字背后的文化产生浓厚兴趣，纷纷提问，作者通过教他们写中文名字，进一步加深了彼此的文化理
解和欣赏。
2.续写线索：课堂受邀请解释名字的含义——作者阐释名字的寓意——同学们专注倾听——同学们对名字
背后的文化感兴趣——作者教他们写中文名字——感悟文化桥接
3.词汇激活
行为类
①代表：represent/stand for
②解释：explain/illustrate
③保护：preserve/protect
情绪类
①紧张：nervousness/tension
②兴奋：excitement/thrill
【点睛】【高分句型1】As I spoke, I noticed the rapt attention of my classmates, their eyes reflecting curiosity
and respect.(运用了as 引导的状语从句以及独立主格结构)
【高分句型2】Through this interaction, I realized that by embracing my cultural identity, I was not only
preserving my heritage but also enriching the lives of those around me.(运用了that 引导的宾语从句和“not
only...but also...”连接两个并列结构)
