第01 讲 高考阅读理解高频词汇
目录
01 课标达标练
题型01 词义猜测基础练
题型02 词义选择进阶练
题型03 同义替换拔高练
02 核心突破练
03 真题溯源练
考向01 词义猜测基础练
根据语境写出单词的的汉语意思
（一）写出句中recognise 的含义
1．We hadn’t seen each other for thirty years, but I recognised her right away.
2．Komodo National Park, officially recognised in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique
biodiversity.
【答案】1．认出 2．承认
【详解】1．考查动词词义。句意：我们已经三十年没见了，但我一眼就认出了她。根据句意可知，此处
划线单词recognised 为谓语动词（一般过去时），意为“认出”，满足句意要求。故译为“认出”。
2．考查过去分词词义。句意：科莫多国家公园于1980 年获得官方认可，因其独特的生物多样性而受到生
态旅游的欢迎。根据句意可知，此处划线单词recognised 为过去分词，意为“承认”，满足句意要求。故
译为“承认”。
（二）写出下列句子中make up 的含义
3．—How do you think I can make up with Tom?
—Put aside where you disagree and find what you have in common.
4．Body language is a very important part of communication which can make up 50% or more of what we are
communicating to other persons.
5．Lenard was surprised to know that his sister should have spent two hours making up before a party.
6．They have to make up for the time wasted this afternoon by working late tonight.
7．Don’t believe him. He always makes up some excuses for doing something wrong.
【答案】3．和解，言归于好 4．构成 5．化妆 6．弥补 7．编造（借口，故事等）
【详解】3．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：-你认为我怎样才能和汤姆和好？-把你们不同意的地方放在一
边，找出你们的共同点。结合后文“Put aside where you disagree and find what you have in common”可以推
断make up 的含义是“和解，言归于好”。故翻译为：和解，言归于好。
4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：肢体语言是交流中非常重要的一部分，它可以占我们与他人交流的
50%或更多。结合后文“50% or more of what we are communicating to other persons”可以推断make up 的含
义是“构成”。故翻译为：构成。
5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：知道他的妹妹竟然在聚会前花两个小时化妆，莱纳德很惊讶。结合后
文“should have spent two hours”和“before a party”可以推断make up 的含义是“化妆”。故翻译为：化
妆。
6．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们今晚得加班来弥补下午浪费的时间。结合后文“ the time wasted
this afternoon”可以推断make up 的含义是“弥补”。故翻译为：弥补。
7．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：别相信他。他总是为做错事编造借口。结合后文“some excuses”可以
推断make up 的含义是“编造（借口，故事等）”。故翻译为：编造（借口，故事等）。
（三）判断下列句子中pick up 的含义
8．Instead of walking a few blocks(街区)to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.
9．Thanks to the immediate measures taken by the central government, the economy of China picked up soon after
the global financial crisis.
10．It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
11．He picked up a wallet on the way to pick up his daughter.
【答案】8．接人 9．好转 10．学会 11．拾起；接人
【详解】8．考查pick up 的含义。句意：他们不再步行几个街区去接孩子或者去干洗店，只要让无人驾驶
的迷你巴士去就可以了。pick up 在此意为“接人”。故答案为“接人”。
9．考查pick up 的含义。句意：由于中央政府立即采取措施，中国经济在全球金融危机后很快恢复。pick
up 在此意为“好转”。故答案为“好转”。
10．考查pick up 的含义。句意：令人惊讶的是，你弟弟学俄语学得这么快，他在那里住的时间不长。pick
up 在此意为“学会”。故答案为“学会”。
11．考查pick up 的含义。句意：他在去接女儿的路上捡到了一个钱包。pick up 在此意为“拾起；接
人”。故答案为“拾起；接人”。
（四）写出句中acquire 的含义
12．She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
13．She has acquired some very unpleasant habits recently.
14．Manning hoped to acquire valuable works of art as cheaply as possible.
【答案】12．获得 13．养成 14．购得
【详解】12．考查动词。句意：她已精通英语。根据 a good knowledge of English.“良好的英语知识”可
知，是获得知识，故翻译为获得。
13．考查动词。句意：她最近养成了一些很不愉快的习惯。根据some very unpleasant habits“一些很不愉快
的习惯”可知，习惯是养成的。故翻译为养成。
14．考查动词。句意：曼宁希望尽可能便宜地获得有价值的艺术品。根据 valuable works of art “有价值的
艺术品”以及as cheaply as possible.“尽可能便宜地”可知，是便宜购买艺术品，故翻译为购得。
（五）写出句中sponsor 的含义
15．Sponsored by the National Department of Education,the project attracts many students.
16．The US is sponsoring negotiations between the two sides.
17．She found a company to sponsor her through college.
18．The bill was sponsored by a famous lawyer.
【答案】15．赞助 16．主办；促成 17．资助 18．提交
【详解】15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该项目由国家教育部赞助，吸引了许多学生。根据句意及所给句
子可知，本句中的sponsor 是动词，意为“赞助”。故填：赞助。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国正在促成双方的谈判。根据句意及所给句子可知，本句中的sponsor
是动词，意为“主办；促成”。故填：主办；促成。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她找到了一家公司来资助她完成大学学业。根据句意及所给句子可知，本
句中的sponsor 是动词，意为“资助”。故填：资助。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该法案是由一位著名的律师提交的。根据句意及所给句子可知，本句中的
sponsor 是动词，意为“提交”。故填：提交。
（六）写出下列句中dismiss 的含义
19．Two more witnesses were called,heard,and dismissed.
20．Let’s not just dismiss the idea before we’ve even thought about it.
21．They have the power to dismiss civil servants who refuse to work.
22．Mr Smith was disappointed to hear that his case was dismissed.
【答案】19．(让)……离开 20．不予考虑 21．开除；解雇 22．被驳回
【详解】19．考查单词翻译。句意：又传唤了两名证人，听取了他们的证词，然后让他们离开了。句中单
词dismissed 为动词，表示“(让)……离开”。故翻译成：(让)……离开。
20．考查单词翻译。句意：我们不要在还没有想好之前就否定这个想法。句中单词dismiss 为动词，表示
“不予考虑”。故翻译成：不予考虑。
21．考查单词翻译。句意：他们有权力解雇拒绝工作的公务员。句中单词dismiss 为动词，表示“开除；
解雇”。故翻译成：开除；解雇。
22．考查单词翻译。句意：史密斯先生听到他的案子被驳回后感到很失望。句中单词dismissed 为动词，表
示“被驳回”。故翻译成：被驳回。
（七）写出present 的含义
23．The present situation of novel coronavirus outbreak is still severe.
24．Present your ideas to the rest of the class.
25．The people present at the party were presented with a book as a present. ； ；
【答案】23．当前的 24．阐述 25． 出席的 赠送 礼物
【详解】23．考查形容词。句意：当前新型冠状病毒爆发的形势仍然严峻。根据句意可知，“present”意为
“当前的”，形容词词性。故填：当前的。
24．考查动词。句意：向班上其他同学阐述你的想法。根据句意可知，“present”意为“阐述”，动词词
性。故填：阐述。
25．考查形容词、动词和名词。句意：出席晚会的人被赠予一本书作为礼物。根据句意可知，句中第一个
“present”意为“出席的”，形容词词性；句中第二个“present”意为“赠送”，动词词性；句中第三个
“present”意为“礼物”，名词词性。故填：出席的；赠送；礼物。
（八）判断下列句子中admit 的含义
26．I don’t really like the author, although I have to admit his books are very exciting.
27．One should work very hard if he wants to be admitted into a good university.
【答案】26．承认 27．接收（入学）
【详解】26．考查admit 的词义。句意：尽管我不得不承认这个作家的书很有趣，但是我真的不喜欢他。
根据句意可知admit 在本句中的意思是：承认。
27．考查admit 的词义。句意：如果一个人想被一流大学接受，他应该努力。根据句意可知admit 在本句中
的意思是：接收（入学）。
（九）写出句中critical 的含义
28．The President faced a critical situation that year.
29．It is likely to be a critical turning point in one's life.
30．You must make a critical examination of your bad behavior.
【答案】28．危急的 29．关键的 30．批评性的
【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：总统在那年面临着危急的形势。critical 意为“危急的”。故填：危急的。
2.考查形容词。句意：这可能是一个人一生中的关键转折点。critical 意为“关键的”。故填：关键的。
3.考查形容词。句意：你必须对你的不良行为进行批评性的检讨。critical 意为“批评性的”。故填：批评
性的。
（十）写出crash 在句中的中文意思。
31．Hundreds of hospital records were wiped out when the network crashed.
32．Lightning flashed in the sky, and there was a loud crash of thunder.
33．David admitted that his car crashed into his neighbor’s garden.
34．The woman hurt in the car crash is till under treatment in hospital.
【答案】31．崩溃 32．(突然间响起的)巨大声响 33．(v.)碰撞 34．(n.)撞车，碰撞
【详解】31．考查crash 的含义。句意：网络崩溃时，数以百计的医院记录被删除了。crash 在此句中是动
词，意为“崩溃”。故翻译成：崩溃。
32．考查crash 的含义。句意：天空闪过一道闪电，接着是一声巨响。crash 在此句中是名词，意为“(突然
间响起的)巨大声响”。故翻译成：(突然间响起的)巨大声响。
33．考查crash 的含义。句意：大卫承认他的车撞到了邻居的花园。crash 在此句中是动词，意为“碰
撞”。故翻译成：(v.)碰撞。
34．考查crash 的含义。句意：在车祸中受伤的妇女仍在医院接受治疗。crash 在此句中是名词，意为“撞
车，碰撞”。故翻译成：(n.)撞车，碰撞。
（十一）写出launch 在句子中的中文意思。
35．In 1970, China successfully launched a man-made satellite.
36．A range of green campaigns have been launched globally in response to the gravity(严重性) of the climate
crisis.
37．There is a growing need for smart phones and many companies are trying to launch new models.
38．The lifeboat was launched immediately to rescue the four men.
【答案】35．发射 36．发起，发动 37．发行，(首次)上市 38．使船下水
【详解】35．考查动词。句意：1970 年，中国成功地发射了一颗人造卫星。根据“a man-made satellite”可
知，此处是指发射人造卫星。所以launch 意为“发射”。故填：发射。
36．考查动词。句意：为应对气候危机的严重性，全球范围内发起了一系列环保运动。根据“A range of
green campaigns”可知，此处是指发起一系列环保运动。所以launch 意为“发起，发动”。故填：发起，发
动。
37．考查动词。句意：人们对智能手机的需求越来越大，许多公司都在尝试发行新机型。根据“There is a
growing need for smart phones”和“new models”可知，此处是指发行新机型。所以launch 意为“发行，（首
次）上市”。故填： 发行，（首次）上市。
38．考查动词。句意：立即放救生艇下水去救那四个人。根据“to rescue the four men”可知，此处是指放救
生艇下水。所以launch 意为“使船下水”。故填：使船下水。
（十二）写出单词hit 在各句中的中文意思。
39．The tanks exploded as the plane hit the ground.
40．The region's economy will take a hit if the airbase is closed.
41．It hit me that this was a lesson I could draw from. I learned something about myself in that moment.
42．The bomb failed to hit its target.
43．When I first heard the song I knew it would be a hit.
【答案】39．撞击 40．严重影响，打击 41．突然想起 42．命中，袭击 43．流行事物
【详解】39．考查动词。句意：飞机撞击地面时油箱爆炸了。根据“the plane hit the ground”和“The tanks
exploded”可知，此处是指飞机撞击地面。所以hit 意为“撞击 ”。故填：撞击。
40．考查名词。句意：如果空军基地关闭，该地区的经济将受到严重影响。根据“if the airbase is closed”可
知，此处是指该地区的经济将受到严重影响。所以hit 意为“严重影响，打击”。故填：严重影响，打
击。
41．考查动词。句意：我突然意识到这是我可以吸取的教训。在那一刻，我了解了自己。根据“this was a
lesson I could draw from”可知，此处是指突然想起。所以hit 意为“突然想起”。故填：突然想起。
42．考查动词。句意：炸弹没命中目标。根据“The bomb”和“its target”可知，此处是指命中目标。所以
hit 意为“命中，袭击”。故填：命中，袭击。
43．考查名词。句意：当我第一次听到这首歌的时候，我就知道它会成为热门歌曲。根据“When I first
heard the song”可知，此处是指它会成为热门歌曲。所以hit 意为“流行事物”。故填：流行事物。
（十三）判断下列句子中promote 的含义
44．While the original purpose of the World Post Day was to promote the postal service worldwide, now its
significance is more about postal culture.
45．While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty.
46．Many online shops will give customers a great discount (折扣) to promote their goods.
【答案】44．促进，推广 45．晋升 46．促销
【详解】44．考查动词。句意：虽然世界邮政日最初的目的是为了在全世界推广邮政服务，但现在它的意
义更多的是关于邮政文化。根据“the postal service worldwide”可知，此处是指在全世界推广邮政服务，所
以promote 意为“促进，推广”。故填：促进，推广。
45．考查动词。句意：亨利在等待晋升机会的同时，尽了最大努力履行他的职责。根据“Henry did his best
to perform his duty”可知，此处是指等待晋升机会。所以promote 意为“晋升”。故填：晋升。
46．考查动词。句意：许多网上商店会给顾客很大的折扣来促销他们的商品。根据“their goods”和“give
customers a great discount”可知，此处是指促销他们的商品。所以promote 意为“促销 ”。故填：促销。
（十四）判断下列句子中 figure 的含义
47．She's always had a good figure.
48．Last night he saw two dark figures enter the building, and then there was the explosion.
49．It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.
50．He has become a figure known to everyone.
51．I figured that if I took the night train, could be in Yunnan by morning.
【答案】47．身材 48．人影 49．数字 50．人物 51．认为
【详解】1.考查名词。句意：她的身材一直很好。a good figure 表示“一个好的身材”。故翻译为身材。
2.考查名词。句意：昨晚他看见两个黑影进了那幢大楼，然后就发生了爆炸。two dark figures 表示“两个
黑影”。故翻译为人影。
3.考查名词。句意：如果我们有一个关于这个国家到底有多少人没有工作的确切数字就好了。a true figure
表示“一个确切的数字”。故翻译为数字。
4.考查名词。句意：他已成为大家都知道的人物。a figure 表示“一个人物”。故翻译为人物。
5.考查动词。句意：我想如果我坐夜车，早上就能到云南。谓语动词figure 表示“认为”。故翻译为认
为。
考向02 词义选择进阶练
根据语境选择合适的选项
1．Hypotheses are widely ________ about the cause of the deadly Jeju Air plane crash that killed 179 people on
board after reporting a bird strike, but no significant consensus (共识) has yet been reached.
A．varied
B．restored
C．renewed
D．rushed
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：关于济州航空公司那起报告遭遇鸟击后发生179 人丧生的致命空难的
原因，各方纷纷提出了各种假设。但目前尚未形成任何重要的共识。A. varied 不同；变化；B. restored 恢
复；C. renewed 恢复；D. rushed 匆忙做。“hypotheses are widely varied” 表示 “假设种类繁多”，与后文
“no consensus”呼应，符合逻辑。故选A。
2．The luxury clothing brand reportedly attributed its decline in earnings to a shift towards “affordable ” among
Chinese consumers on top of other external factors.
A．variations
B．offerings
C．alternatives
D．replicas
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据报道，这个奢侈服装品牌将其收益下滑归因于中国消费者转向
“负担得起的替代品”，此外还有其他外部因素。 A. variations 变化；变种：侧重 “差异或变体”，不符
合 “消费者转向更便宜选择” 的语境。 B. offerings 产品；提供物：泛指 “提供的东西”，但未体现
“替代原有奢侈品” 的含义。 C. alternatives 替代品：强调 “可替代的选择”，符合 “消费者放弃奢侈
品，选择更便宜的替代选项” 的逻辑。 D. replicas 复制品；仿品：指 “模仿原作的物品”，语境中未提
及 “仿冒”，不符合。这里指中国消费者转向了其他平价产品，从而减少了对奢侈品的需求。故选C
项。
3．Chinese cartoons become more popular and we ________ to see more in the future.
A．express
B．explain
C．enjoy
D．expect
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国动画片变得越来越受欢迎，我们期待未来能看到更多。A. express
表达；B. explain 解释；C. enjoy 享受；D. expect 期待。根据“Chinese cartoons become more popular”以及
“to see more in the future”可知，指的是期待未来能看到更多中国动画片。故选D。
4．The old man ________ described his childhood adventures, making us feel like we were right there with him.
A．violently
B．virtually
C．significantly
D．vividly
【答案】D
【详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位老人生动地描述了他童年的冒险经历，让我们感觉就像和他在一
起一样。A. violently 猛烈地，暴力地；B. virtually 实际上，几乎；C. significantly 显著地，重要地；D.
vividly 生动地，鲜明地。根据“making us feel like we were right there with him.(让我们感觉就像和他在一起
一样)”可知，老人应该是生动地描述了他童年的冒险经历。故选D。
5．His first ________ to climb the mountain failed, but he decided to try again.
A．effect
B．attempt
C．intention
D．experiment
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他第一次尝试爬这座山失败了，但他决定再试一次。A. effect 影响，
效果；B. attempt 尝试，企图；C. intention 意图，目的；D. experiment 实验。根据“but he decided to try
again.(但他决定再试一次)”可知，第一次尝试爬山失败了，B 选项符合句意。故选B。
6．We visited an art ________ at the museum last weekend.
A．extension
B．performance
C．exhibition
D．concert
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：上周末我们参观了博物馆里的一个艺术展览。A. extension 延伸，扩
大；B. performance 表演，演出；C. exhibition 展览，展示会；D. concert 音乐会。根据“at the museum(在博
物馆)”以及“art(艺术)”可知，此处指参观艺术展览。故选C。
7．The journalist gave a detailed ________ of the event in her report.
A．account
B．announcement
C．opinion
D．proof
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位记者在她的报道中对这一事件作了详细的叙述。A. account 叙
述，账目；B. announcement 宣布，通告；C. opinion 意见，看法；D. proof 证明，证据。根据“The
journalist (记者)”以及“of the event in her report (在她的报道中对这一事件……)”可知，此处指记者在报道
中对事件进行详细叙述。故选A。
8．My uncle is very ________; he always donates money to charity.
A．selfish
B．generous
C．humorous
D．serious
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我叔叔非常慷慨，他总是向慈善机构捐款。A. selfish 自私的；B.
generous 慷慨的；C. humorous 幽默的；D. serious 严肃的。根据后文“he always donates money to charity”可
知，叔叔经常捐款，说明他是一个慷慨的人。故选B。
9．My little sister wants to remain ________ and she can take good care of herself even though she’s still young.
A．creative
B．responsible
C．independent
D．patient
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的小妹妹想要保持独立，尽管她还很小，但她能照顾好自己。A.
creative 有创造力的；B. responsible 负责的；C. independent 独立的；D. patient 有耐心的。根据“she can
take good care of herself even though she’s still young.(尽管她还很小，但她能照顾好自己)”可知，她想要保持
独立。故选C。
10．After careful consideration, she decided to refuse the offer to join the project, citing the ________ as a result
of conflicting commitments at the current time.
A．declination
B．dedication
C．decision
D．caution
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过慎重考虑，她最终决定拒绝加入该项目的邀请，并解释称之所以
拒绝，是因为目前她身负诸多事务而无法参与。A. declination 拒绝；B. dedication 奉献；C. decision 决定；
D. caution 谨慎。根据上文“she decided to refuse the offer to join the project”指她最终决定拒绝加入该项目的
邀请，并解释称之所以拒绝，是因为目前她身负诸多事务而无法参与。故选A。
11．They did everything they could to make me feel ________ home.
A．on
B．in
C．at
D．for
【答案】C
【详解】考查介词搭配。句意：他们尽一切可能让我感觉像在家里一样。A. on 在……上面；B. in 在……
里面；C. at 在（某地）；D. for 为了。“feel at home”是固定短语，意为“感觉像在家里一样，无拘无
束”，符合语境。故选C 项。
12．The ability to ________ to new environments and situations is a key aspect of successful________ in the
natural world.
A．adapt; adaptation
B．adopt; adoption
C．adapting, adoption
D．adopting, adaptation
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：在自然界中，能够适应新的环境和情况的能力是成功适应的关
键要素之一。选项中给出adapt 适应，adopt 采取，adoption 采用，adaptation 适应。第一空用不定式修饰
ability，空前有不定式符号to，后接动词原形，此处指适应新环境，用adapt，不定式作后置定语；第二空
根据上文“new environments and situations is a key aspect of successful”指适应新的环境和情况的能力是成功
适应的关键要素之一，用adaptation。故选A。
13．She was praised for her________calculation, which demonstrated her commitment to precision in her work.
A．accurate
B．disabled
C．previous
D．sympathetic
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她因计算准确而受到表扬，这表明了她对工作精确性的执着。A.
accurate 准确的；B. disabled 残疾的；C. previous 先前的；D. sympathetic 同情的。根据“which demonstrated
her commitment to precision in her work”可知，她因计算“准确”而受到表扬，空格处意为“准确的”，用
accurate。故选A。
14．She made a mistake and offered a heartfelt ________ to mend the relationship.
A．alternative
B．ancestor
C．apology
D．symbol
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她犯了一个错误，并真诚地道歉以修复这段关系。A. alternative 选
择；B. ancestor 祖先；C. apology 道歉；D. symbol 象征。她犯错后想要修复关系，应该是做出“道歉”这
一行为，所以用apology。故选C。
15．He had to________the responsibility when the team failed to achieve their goals, and the weight of that failure
was a heavy burden on him.
A．motivate
B．overcome
C．delay
D．shoulder
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当团队未能达成目标时，他不得不承担起相应的责任，而这种失败所
带来的压力对他来说无疑是一个沉重的负担。A. motivate 激励；B. overcome 克服；C. delay 推迟；D.
shoulder 承担。根据后文“the responsibility”指承担责任。故选D。
16．The committee discussed the mixed views on environmental policy, highlighting the________between
industrial development and conservation efforts.
A．concept
B．anxiety
C．concert
D．conflict
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该委员会讨论了关于环境政策的各种不同观点，特别指出了工业发展
与保护措施之间的矛盾冲突。A. concept 概念；B. anxiety 焦虑；C. concert 音乐会；D. conflict 冲突。根据
后文“between industrial development and conservation efforts”指工业发展与保护措施之间的矛盾冲突。故选
D。
17．The ________ refer to those who lived in ancient times, especially the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans.
A．ancient
B．incident
C．coincident
D．modern
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：古人指生活在古代的人，尤指埃及人、希腊人和罗马人。A. ancient 古
代人；B. incident 事件；C. coincident 同时发生的；D. modern 现代人。根据句意可知，此处为名词
ancient“古代人”作主语，满足句意要求。故选A 项。
18．Without the parents’ ________, she was not allowed to join the team.
A．selection
B．permission
C．devotion
D．objection
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：未经父母许可，她不得加入该团队。A. selection 挑选；B. permission
准许；C. devotion 奉献；D. objection 反对。由语意可知，按正常逻辑，她加入团队的前提应是得到家长的
许可，没有家长的同意，不能加入，选择permission 符合语境。故选B 项。
19．I prefer to keep my private life private, discussing personal issues privately with trusted friends to ensure my
________ is respected.
A．function
B．fellow
C．privacy
D．attempt
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我更喜欢把我的私人生活保密，和我信任的朋友私下讨论个人问题，
以确保我的隐私得到尊重。A. function 功能，作用；B. fellow 同事，同伴；C. privacy 隐私；D. attempt 尝
试，企图。根据上文的“I prefer to keep my private life private”可知，此处为名词privacy“隐私”，满足句意
要求。故选C 项。
20．In the vast desert, he felt as if he had been________by the world, left alone with his thoughts and fears.
A．exchanged
B．deserted
C．imagined
D．spotted
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那广袤的沙漠之中，他感觉自己仿佛被世界遗弃了，只剩下自己独
自面对着思绪和恐惧。A. exchanged 交换；B. deserted 抛弃；C. imagined 想象；D. spotted 发现。根据后文
“left alone with his thoughts and fears”指感觉自己仿佛被世界遗弃了，只剩下自己独自面对着思绪和恐惧。
故选B。
21．The teacher________ the students for their exceptional performance in the science fair.
A．communicated
B．praised
C．frightened
D．replaced
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师表扬了学生们在科学展览会上的出色表现。A. communicated 交
流；B. praised 赞美；C. frightened 使害怕；D. replaced 取代。根据后文“for their exceptional performance”
指因为出色表现赞美学生。故选B。
22．The new park has been designed to be________ to everyone, providing easy access for people of all abilities.
A．accessible
B．potential
C．greedy
D．distant
【答案】A
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个新公园的设计目的是让每个人都能进入，为各种能力的人提供
便利的通道。A. accessible 可到达的；可进入的；B. potential 潜在的；C. greedy 贪婪的；D. distant 遥远
的。根据“providing easy access for people of all abilities.”可知，新公园的设计目的是让每个人都能进入，
空格处意为“可进入的”，用形容词accessible。故选A。
23．The CEO held a meeting regarding the recent layoff to cut down expenses in company policy, which made
many employees feel ________ about their future.
A．satisfied
B．determined
C．concerned
D．visible
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首席执行官就最近的裁员问题召开了一次会议，以削减公司的开
支，这让许多员工对自己的未来感到担忧。A. satisfied 满意的；B. determined 坚定的；C. concerned 担忧
的；D. visible 可见的。根据“regarding the recent layoff to cut down expense in company policy”可知，裁员会
让员工对自己的未来感到担忧，空格处意为“担忧的”，用concerned。故选C。
24．The sudden loss of a loved one deeply ________ the entire family, who struggled to support each other
through the difficult time.
A．weighed
B．operated
C．affected
D．forced
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然失去心爱的人深深影响了整个家庭，他们努力相互支持度过难
关。A. weighed 称重；权衡；作“影响”讲时，常用“weigh on sb./sth.”结构，表示“使烦恼；使担忧”；
B. operated 操作；运转；做手术；C. affected 影响；D. forced 强迫；迫使。根据“The sudden loss of a loved
one deeply”可知，所爱之人的突然离世深深地影响了整个家庭。故选C。
25．The manager________ your proposal over the others due to its creativity.
A．favors
B．charges
C．warns
D．compares
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于你的建议很有创意，经理更喜欢你的提案，而不是其他提案。A.
favors 偏爱，支持；B. charges 收费，指控；C. warns 警告；D. compares 比较。根据句意可知，此处为动词
favors“偏爱，支持”，满足句意要求。故选A 项。
26．The singer’s latest album’s success has contributed significantly to her rising ________
A．popularity
B．promise
C．condition
D．subject
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位歌手最新专辑的取得成功，极大地促进了她人气的上升。A.
popularity 人气，受欢迎；B. promise 承诺；C. condition 条件；D. subject 科目。根据上文“The singer’s
latest album’s success”指最新专辑的成功，极大地促进了她人气的上升。故选A。
27．Completing this project ________ strict adherence to all safety rules and all team members should undergo the
necessary training.
A．suffers
B．prevents
C．connects
D．requires
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：完成这个项目需要严格遵守所有安全规定，而且所有团队成员都必须
接受必要的培训。A. suffers 遭受；B. prevents 阻止；C. connects 联系；D. requires 需要。根据后文“strict
adherence to all safety rules”指完成这个项目需要严格遵守所有安全规定。故选D。
28．He took her advice into consideration, for she was always ________and helpful.
A．unexpected
B．acceptable
C．valuable
D．considerate
【答案】D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他考虑了她的建议，因为她总是体贴入微且乐于助人。A.
unexpected 出乎意料的；B. acceptable 可接受的；C. valuable 有价值的；D. considerate 体贴的，考虑周到
的。根据“He took her advice into consideration,”可知，她总是体贴入微且乐于助人，所以他考虑了她的建
议。故选D。
29．Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had ______ a two-year professional school to quickly find
a job building highways in order to help support his family.
A．visited
B．financed
C．attended
D．founded
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他会告诉我他是如何上了两年的职业学校，以
便迅速找到一份修建高速公路的工作，以帮助他的家庭。A. visited 参观，拜访；B. financed 提供资金；C.
attended 出席，参加，定期去（某处）；D. founded 建立。根据下“a two-year professional school to quickly
find a job building highways”可知他能迅速找到一份工作，之前应该是上了职业学校(attend a professional
school)，符合前后逻辑。故选C。
30．With their unique identity and spirit continues to exist in every corner of the country, ________ communities
in Australia have long been guardians of the land.
A．historic
B．diverse
C．virtual
D．aboriginal
【答案】D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：澳大利亚的原住民社区凭借其独特的身份和精神继续存在于国家的
各个角落，长期以来一直是这片土地的守护者。A. historic 有历史意义的；B. diverse 多样化的；C. virtual
虚拟的；D. aboriginal 原住民的。由句意可知，能作为“这片土地的守护者”且拥有“独特的身份和精
神”并“长期存在于国家各个角落”的社区，结合澳大利亚的背景，原住民社区符合这一描述，他们是这
片土地最早的居住者和守护者。故选D 项。
考向03 同义替换拔高练
Group 1
根据句子内容，从每组的选项中选出能匹配句子中划线部分意义的选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
A．unusual or surprising in a way that cause people to take notice
B．the act of accepting that sth exists, is true or is official
C． Afraid, feeling fear
D．worriedly or nervously
E. difficult to understand
F. an act of trying to do sth., especially sth. difficult, often with no success
G. extremely bad or serious
H. knowing sth., knowing that sth. exists and is important
I. A strong feeling of love, hatred, anger, enthusiasm, etc.
J. to say or do sth. that makes sb. stop what they are saying or doing
K to think about sb. /sth. in a particular way
L. hopefully and joyfully
1．I am frightened of walking home alone in the dark.
2．He didn’t pass the exam at his first attempt, but it was a good attempt.
3．She tried to explain what had happened but her son kept interrupting her.
4．Residents are anxiously waiting for a decision.
5．It is important that students develop the awareness of how much their phones should be used.
6．This is not only an honour for herself, but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.
7．Not only is he known as a superhero in the film, but he is also regarded as a superman to many in real life.
8．Tu Youyou and her team have made a remarkable contribution to mankind.
9．Simple movements in Beijing Opera often represent more complex actions.
10．His injuries were so severe that he had no movement or feeling in his body at all.
【答案】
1．C 2．F 3．J 4．D 5．H 6．B 7．K 8．A 9．E 10．G
【解析】1．考查形容词。句意：我害怕在黑暗中独自走回家。结合句意可知，frightened 意为“害怕的，
受惊的”，C 项“害怕的，感到恐惧”与frightened 意义一致。故选C 项。
2．考查名词。句意：他第一次考试没有通过，但这是一次很好的尝试。结合句意可知，attempt 意为“尝
试”，F 项“试图做某事的行为，尤指困难的事情，通常没有成功”与attempt 的意义一致。故选F 项。
3．考查动词。句意：她试图解释发生了什么事，但她儿子不停地打断她。结合转折词but 及句意可知，
interrupting 意为“打断，使暂停”，J 项“说或做某事使某人停止正在说或做的事情”与interrupting 意义
一致。故选J 项。
4．考查副词。句意：居民们焦急地等待着决定。结合句意可知，anxiously 意为“焦虑地，不安地”，D
项“担心地或紧张不安地”与anxiously 意义一致。故选D 项。
5．考查名词。句意：培养学生使用手机的意识是很重要的。结合句意可知，awareness 意为“意识，认
识”，H 项“知道某事，知道某事的存在和重要”与awareness 意义一致。故选H 项。
6．考查名词。句意：这不仅是对她自己的荣誉，也是对中国所有科学家的肯定和鼓励。and 连接并列意
义，由划线词前的“an honour for herself”和其后的“encouragement”可知，recognition 意为“承认，认
可”，B 项“承认某事物存在、真实或是正式的行为”与recognition 意义一致。故选B 项。
7．考查动词。句意：这不仅是对她自己的荣誉，也是对中国所有科学家的肯定和鼓励。not only…but also
连接并列成分，结合“known as(被认为是)”可知，regarded 意为“认为，把……看作”，K 项“以特定的
方式考虑某人/某事物”与regarded 意义一致。故选K 项。
8．考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦和她的团队为人类做出了卓越的贡献。结合句意可知，remarkable 意为“非
凡的，引人注目的”，A 项“不寻常的或令人惊讶的，引起人们注意”与remarkable 意义一致。故选A
项。
9．考查形容词。句意：京剧中简单的动作往往表现更为复杂的动作、结合句意可知，complex 意为“复杂
的”，E 项“难以理解”与complex 意义一致。故选E 项。
10．考查形容词。句意：他的伤势非常严重，以至于他的身体没有任何运动和感觉。结合“he had no
movement or feeling in his body at all”可知，severe 意为“严重的”，G 项“极其糟糕或严重”与severe 意义
一致。故选G 项。
Group 2
根据句子内容，从每组的选项中选出能匹配句子中划线部分意义的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A．having a strong desire to know about something.
B．a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the public.
C． to give a answer to somebody/something.
D．a film or a radio or television programme giving facts about something.
E. able to speak, read or write a language, especially a foreign language, easily and well.
F. to say or do something that makes somebody stop what they are saying or doing.
G. the possibility of something happening or being developed or used.
H. famous and respected.
I. to make a person or an animal healthy again after an illness.
J. a short statement that gives only the main points of something, not the details.
K. to continue to live or exist.
L. very happy; causing people to be happy.
11．Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.
12．We asked for advice from the renowned legal expert, Sam Pincher.
13．The gallery is hosting an exhibition of his work.
14．“Just listen for a moment,” he interrupted her angrily.
15．They gave a summary of their progress in building the bridge.
16．They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs.
17．The disease has the potential to cause a global health emergency.
18．Now doctors believe they have cured him of the disease.
19．She had made their childhood so joyous and carefree.
20．When asked about the company’s future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.
【答案】
11．K 12．H 13．B 14．F 15．J 16．A 17．G 18．I 19．L 20．C
【解析】11．题干“Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.（在这次事故中受伤的六人中，
只有两人幸存）”，可知划线单词survived 意为“存活；幸存”；对比各选项，K 选项“to continue to live
or exist（能继续活着或生存）”与题干划线部分意思一致，故选K 项。
12．题干“We asked for advice from the renowned legal expert, Sam Pincher.（我们征求了著名法律专家Sam
Pincher 的意见）”，可知划线单词renowned 意为“著名的；有名望的”，选项H“ famous and respected
（出名的和受人尊敬的）”与题干划线单词意思一致，故选H 项。
13．题干“The gallery is hosting an exhibition of his work（美术馆正在举办他的作品展）”，可知划线单
词exhibition 意为“展览会”；选项B“a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the
public.（向公众展示的东西的集合，例如艺术品。）”表述的正是将作品集合起来供展出，即展览会，与
题干划线单词意思一致，故选B 项。
14．题干““Just listen for a moment,” he interrupted her angrily（“就听一会儿,”他生气地打断了她）”可
知画线单词 interrupted
意为“打断”；选项F“to say or do something that makes somebody stop what they are
saying or doing（说或做某事使某人停止他们正在说或做的事）”表示的正是做某事阻止他人正在说或做
的，即打断，与题干划线单词意思一致，故选F 项。
15．题干“They gave a summary of their progress in building the bridge.（他们总结了他们建造这座桥的进展
情况）”可知划线单词summary 意为“总结；摘要”；选项J“a short statement that gives only the main
points of something, not the details（只提供某事的要点而不提供细节的简短陈述）”描述的正是仅对要点的
陈述，即总结，与题干划线单词意思一致，故选J 项。
16．题干“They were very curious about the people who lived upstairs（他们对住在楼上的人很好奇）”可
知划线单词curious 意为“好奇的；好求知的”；选项A“having a strong desire to know about something（有
一种强烈的欲望想知道某事）”表述的正是对某事好奇，与题干中划线单词意思一致，故选A 项。
17．题干“The disease has the potential to cause a global health emergency.（这种疾病有可能导致全球卫生
紧急状况。）”可知划线单词potential 意为“可能性”；选项G“ the possibility of something happening or
being developed or used.（某事发生、被开发或利用的可能性）”表述的正是某事的可能性，与题干划线单
词意思一致，故选G 项。
18．题干“Now doctors believe they have cured him of the disease（现在医生相信他们已经治好了他的
病）”可知划线单词cured 意为“治愈；治好”；选I“to make a person or an animal healthy again after an
illness.（使人或动物在生病后恢复健康）”表述的正是在生病之后被治愈，与题干划线单词意思一致，故
选I 项。
19．题干“She had made their childhood so joyous and carefree.（她使他们的童年如此快乐和无忧无虑）”
可知划线单词joyous 意为“高兴的；快乐的”；选项L“very happy; causing people to be happy（非常高兴；
使得人们开心）”与题干划线单词意思一致，故选L 项。
20．题干“When asked about the company’s future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.（当被
问及公司的未来时，董事回答说，他仍然保持乐观）”可知划线单词 responded 意为“回答；回复”；选
项C“to give a answer to somebody/something.（对某人或某事有个答案）”表述的正是“回复”，与题干划
线单词意思一致，故选C 项。
Group 3
根据句子内容，从每组的选项中选出能匹配句子中划线部分意义的选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A．not involving anything or anyone else
B．happening in a slow way over a long period of time
C． to officially accept a plan, proposal etc
D．to hit a surface and then immediately move away from it
E. to think that someone or something is good, right, or suitable
F. to completely understand a fact or an idea, especially a complicated one
G. a film or television programme that is based on a book or play
H. influenced by or based on personal beliefs or feelings, rather than based on facts
I. correct or suitable for a particular situation or occasion
J. the ability to understand completely and be aware of a situation, facts, etc
K. the possibility that something good might happen in the future
L. to speak or say something very quietly, using your breath rather than your voice
21．Only I soon found out why my weapon had not entered its skin, but bounced off.
22．When the director was 35, he chose to work abroad to improve his career prospects.
23．Because money was lacking for the project, the committee did not approve of it.
24．All can work well, but why do many adaptations and indeed remakes fail with both cinema audiences and
critics?
25．You should be objective when writing things like summaries or news articles, but feel free to be subjective
for arguments and opinions.
26．It becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave out.
27．Some people find it is difficult to grasp the idea.
28．How she manages to fit so much into a working day is beyond my comprehension.
29．The whispering furniture is as frightening as anything in modern times.
30．Too often we make decisions based solely upon what we see in the magazines.
【答案】
21．D 22．K 23．C 24．G 25．H 26．I
27．F 28．J 29．L 30．A
【解析】21．考查动词。句意：只有我很快就发现了为什么我的武器没有刺穿它的皮肤，而是被弹开了。
not…but…表示“不是……而是……”，根据“my weapon had not entered its skin”可知，此处指“武器没有
刺穿它的皮肤，而是被弹开”，bounced 意为“反弹，弹起”，D 项“撞击一个表面，然后立即离开它”
与bounce 意义一致。故选D 项。
22．考查名词。句意：当导演35 岁时，他选择了出国工作，以改善他的职业前景。结合句意可知，
prospects 意为“前景，希望，可能性”，K 项“未来可能发生好事的可能性”与prospects 意义一致。故选
K 项。
23．考查动词短语。句意：由于这个项目缺乏资金，委员会没有批准它。结合“Because money was lacking
for the project”可知，项目缺乏资金，委员会应是没有批准它，approve of 意为“批准，赞成，同意”，C
项“正式接受计划、建议等”与approve of 意义一致。故选C 项。
24．考查名词。句意：所有的改编都能取得不错的效果，但为什么很多改编甚至翻拍都未能获得观众和影
评人的青睐呢？空处和“remakes(新版，改编版)”并列，故adaptations 意为“改编本，改写本”，G 项“据
一本书或戏剧改编的电影或电视节目”与adaptations 意义一致。故选G 项。
25．考查形容词。句意：当你写摘要或新闻文章的时候，你应该客观，但在观点和观点上可以随意主观。
but 表示转折意义，故划线词“subjective”和“objective(客观的)”意义相反，意为“主观的”，H 项“受个
人信仰或感情影响的或基于个人信仰或感情的，而不是基于事实的”与subjective 意义一致。故选H 项。
26．考查形容词。句意：这就成了编剧要决定什么适合拍成电影，什么应该删去的问题。结合“what to
leave out(省略什么)”可知，appropriate 意为“适合的”，I 项“适合于某一特定情况或场合的”与
appropriate 意义一致。故选I 项。
27．考查动词。句意：有些人觉得很难理解这个意思。结合句意可知，grasp 意为“理解，领会”，F 项
“完全理解一个事实或观点，尤指复杂的”与grasp 意义一致。故选F 项。
28．考查名词。句意：我真搞不懂她是怎么在工作日里安排这么多事的。结合句意可知，comprehension 意
为“理解力，领悟力”，J 项“全面理解并了解情况、事实等的能力”与comprehension 意义一致。故选J
项。
29．考查动词。句意：那些窃窃私语的家具和现代的任何东西一样可怕。结合句意可知，whispering 意为
“低语，窃窃私语”，L 项“用呼吸而不是声音轻轻地说或说某事”与whispering 意义一致。故选L 项。
30．考查副词。句意：我们常常仅仅根据在杂志上看到的东西来做决定。结合句意可知，solely 意为“单
独地”，A 项“不涉及任何事或任何人”与solely 意义一致。故选A 项。
题型一 阅读理解
A
Throughout all the events in my life, one in particular sticks out more than the others. As I reflect on this
significant event, a smile spreads across my face. As I think of Shanda, I feel loved and grateful.
It was my twelfth year of dancing and I thought it would end up like any other year: stuck in emptiness,
forgotten and without the belief of any teacher or friend that I really had the potential to achieve greatness.
However, I met Shanda, a young, talented choreographer (舞蹈指导). She influenced me to work to the best
of my ability, pushed me to keep going when I wanted to give up, encouraged me and showed me the real
importance of dancing. Throughout our hard work, not only did my ability to dance grow, but my friendship with
Shanda grew as well.
With the end of the year came our show time. As I walked to a backstage filled with other dancers, I hoped
for a good performance that would prove my improvement. I waited anxiously for my turn. Finally, after what
seemed like days, the loudspeaker announced my name. Butterflies filled my stomach as I took trembling steps
onto the big lighted stage. But, with the determination to succeed and eagerness to live up to Shanda’s expectations
for me, I began to dance. All my troubles and nerves went away as I danced my whole heart out.
As I walked up to the judge to receive my first place shining, gold trophy (奖杯), I realized that dance is not
about becoming the best. It was about loving dance for dance itself, a getaway from all my problems in the world.
Shanda showed me that you could let everything go and just dance what you feel at that moment. After all the
doubts that people had in me, I believed in myself and did not care what others thought. Thanks to Shanda, dance
became more than a love of mine, but a passion.
1．What did the author think her dancing would be for the twelfth year?
A．A change for the better.
B．A disappointment as before.
C．A proof of her potential.
D．A pride of her teachers and friends.
2．How did Shanda help the author?
A．By offering her help with money.
B．By entering her in a competition.
C．By awakening her passion for dancing.
D．By coaching her for longer hours.
3．How did the author feel when she stepped on the stage?
A．Nervous.
B．Relaxed.
C．Confused.
D．Proud.
4．What can we learn from the author’s story?
A．Success lies in patience.
B．Fame is what the young long for.
C．A good teacher really matters.
D．A youth is to be treated with respect.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在舞蹈生涯中遇到导师Shanda 后，重拾信心并爱上舞蹈
的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“It was my twelfth year of dancing and I thought it would end up like any other
year: stuck in emptiness, forgotten and without the belief of any teacher or friend that I really had the potential to
achieve greatness. (那是我跳舞的第12 个年头，我以为会像往年一样：陷入空虚，被人遗忘，没有任何老师
或朋友相信我真的有潜力取得伟大成就。)”可知，作者原本以为她的第12 年舞蹈生涯会像以前一样令人失
望。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, I met Shanda, a young, talented choreographer (舞蹈指导). She
influenced me to work to the best of my ability, pushed me to keep going when I wanted to give up, encouraged me
and showed me the real importance of dancing. (然而，我遇到了年轻有才华的舞蹈指导Shanda。她影响我尽
我所能地工作，当我想放弃时，她推动我继续前进，鼓励我，并向我展示了舞蹈的真正重要性。)”和最后
一段中“Thanks to Shanda, dance became more than a love of mine, but a passion. (多亏了Shanda，舞蹈不仅成
为我的爱好，更成为我的激情。)”可知，Shanda 唤醒了作者对舞蹈的热爱。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Finally, after what seemed like days, the loudspeaker announced my name.
Butterflies filled my stomach as I took trembling steps onto the big lighted stage. (最后，过了似乎好几天，扩音
器宣布了我的名字。当我颤抖着走上灯光璀璨的大舞台时，心里充满了紧张。)”可知，当作者走上舞台
时，她感到紧张。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, I met Shanda, a young, talented choreographer (舞蹈指导). She
influenced me to work to the best of my ability, pushed me to keep going when I wanted to give up, encouraged me
and showed me the real importance of dancing. (然而，我遇到了年轻有才华的舞蹈指导Shanda。她影响我尽
我所能地工作，当我想放弃时，她推动我继续前进，鼓励我，并向我展示了舞蹈的真正重要性。)”和最后
一段“Thanks to Shanda, dance became more than a love of mine, but a passion. (多亏了Shanda，舞蹈不仅成为
我的爱好，更成为我的激情。)”可知，从作者的故事中我们可以学到一个好老师真的很重要。故选C。
B
The New Year is a time for celebration for almost everyone of the world. In Britain, people go to pubs and
nightclubs to dance the old year away, and to welcome in the new one at midnight.
In recent years, street parties have become more popular. Thousands of people gather in squares, main streets
or on the river banks to listen to bands playing and to see fireworks displays.
For people who stay at home, most are attracted by the special, live New Year shows on TV. They are
waiting for the countdown, along with the presenters, from 10 to 1 as the last second of the old year away and the
bells of the New Year are rung.
In Scotland, people visit their neighbors and drink, dance on New Year’s Eve. If you’re invited to a Scottish
home that night, it’s important to know what to bring with you: a lump of coal，some shortbread and some whisky.
The coal shows warmth, so you’re wishing the people you visit will have enough heat in the coming year.
The shortbread represents food, so you’re hoping that the people will have enough to eat in the new year. Some
Scots call whisky “the water of life”, so when you hand over your bottle to your hosts, it means you want them to
have enough to drink over the next 12 months.
And there’s one more key task you still have to perform if you can. The first person to knock on a neighbor’s
door is supposed to be a tall, dark, and handsome man who will bring good luck to the household.But what if that’s
not you? Well, don’t ring the bell just yet. Wait a while and the right person is sure to turn up soon!
5．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Seeing the old year off in Britain.
B．Celebrations of a British New Year.
C．Visiting Scottish homes on New Year’s Eve.
D．Sending good luck in the New Year.
6．Why do visitors take things to a Scottish home on New Year’s Eve?
A．To share good food and warmth.
B．To help those poor families.
C．To send best wishes to the families.
D．To show richness and generosity.
7．The phrase “the right person” in the last sentence refers to “ ________ ”.
A．the presenter of a special TV show.
B．a tall, dark and handsome man.
C．a man with coal, shortbread and whisky.
D．your neighbor.
8．We know from the passage that ________ .
A．British people hate to think of the old year and wish to dance it away quickly.
B．street concerts have become more popular on New Year’s Eve.
C．British people let off fireworks in public places to celebrate the New Year.
D．people stay at home doing nothing but wait for the bell of the New Year to ring.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在英国，人们通过去酒吧、夜总会、参加街头派对、在家看电视
节目等方式庆祝新年，在苏格兰还有拜访邻居并携带特定物品送祝福的习俗，同时说明了拜访邻居时“合
适人选”的相关讲究。
5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The New Year is a time for celebration for almost everyone of the world.In
Britain, people go to pubs and nightclubs to dance the old year away, and to welcome in the new one at midnight.
(新年几乎是全世界所有人的庆祝时刻。在英国，人们会去酒吧和夜总会，跳舞辞旧岁，并在午夜迎接新年
的到来。)”可知，文章围绕英国新年的各种庆祝活动展开，包括在不同场所的庆祝方式以及苏格兰的特殊
新年拜访习俗等，B 选项“英国新年的庆祝活动。”能全面概括文章内容，作为标题最合适。故选B 项。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段“The coal shows warmth, so you’re wishing the people you visit will have enough
heat in the coming year. The shortbread represents food, so you’re hoping that the people will have enough to eat in
the new year. Some Scots call whisky “the water of life”, so when you hand over your bottle to your hosts, it means
you want them to have enough to drink over the next 12 months. (煤代表温暖，所以你祝愿你拜访的人在来年
有足够的温暖。酥饼代表食物，所以你希望人们在新的一年里有足够的食物。有些苏格兰人把威士忌称为
“生命之水”，所以当你把酒瓶递给主人时，这意味着你希望他们在接下来的12 个月里有足够的饮品。)”
可知，拜访者在新年前夜带东西去苏格兰家庭是为了向这些家庭送上最美好的祝愿。故选C 项。
7．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“The first person to knock on a neighbor’s door is supposed to be a tall, dark,
and handsome man who will bring good luck to the household. (第一个敲邻居家门的人应该是一个高大、黝黑
且英俊的男人，他会给这户人家带来好运。)”以及“Well, don’t ring the bell just yet. Wait a while and the right
person is sure to turn up soon! (嗯，先别按门铃。等一会儿，合适的人肯定很快就会出现！)”可知，“the
right person”指的是那个能给家庭带来好运的高大、黝黑且英俊的男人，故选B 项。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thousands of people gather in squares, main streets or on the river banks to listen
to bands playing and to see fireworks displays. (成千上万的人聚集在广场、主要街道或河岸上，听乐队演奏，
观看烟花表演。)”可知，英国人会在公共场所燃放烟花来庆祝新年，故选C 项。
题型二 七选五
Three Cups Of Coffee A Day Could Benefit Your Heart
There is nothing quite like that first drink of morning coffee, nor the relief of a short afternoon coffee break in
the middle of a work day. Now, a new study shows that not only is a coffee (or tea) habit a pleasant part of a day’s
routine, it may also help avoid cardiometabolic diseases (心血管代谢疾病).
Three cups a day
There has long been evidence that drinking about three cups of coffee a day could be good for your health.
9
Now, the 2024 study suggests that drinking three cups of coffee a day could lower the development of
cardiometabolic multimorbidity (多重病症). 10 . It includes type 2 diabetes, stroke, or heart disease.
The researchers followed 180,000 British people in the UK Biobank. 11 At the start of the study, none
of the subjects had a cardiometabolic disease. The study showed that people who consumed middling amounts of
caffeine: three cups of coffee a day, or 200 to 300 milligrams a day, had reduced risks of developing new onset
cardiometabolic multimorbidity.
Promising results
However, despite the promising results of this study, one should still be cautious. There are still questions
about the connection between coffee and heart health. The benefits of coffee still have to be explored.
“ 12 And the positive relations are all explained by some unknown factor. For example, perhaps
those more likely to consume coffee also tend to have a healthier diet or to be more physically active,” said Dr
Gregory Marcus, professor of medicine at UC, San Francisco.
Whatever the case, it appears that caffeine can be good for your health. 13 This habit may keep
you healthier.
A．One of its tasks is tracking people’s long-term health.
B．Here are the benefits of drinking three cups of coffee a day.
C．So coffee drinkers can cheer and enjoy their favorite drinks.
D．It is when a person develops several cardiometabolic diseases.
E．Drinking that much coffee could reduce the risk of heart attack.
F．It remains possible that the protective effects do not truly exist at all.
G．People who didn’t drink coffee at all had a reduced risk of 48. 1 percent.
【答案】9．E 10．D 11．A 12．F 13．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了每天喝三杯咖啡可能对心脏有益的研究及相关情况。
9．上文“There has long been evidence that drinking about three cups of coffee a day could be good for your
health.(长期以来有证据表明每天喝大约三杯咖啡可能对健康有益)”提出喝咖啡对健康有好处，E 项“喝那
么多咖啡可以降低心脏病发作的风险”具体阐述喝三杯咖啡对健康的益处，与上文内容紧密相关，且
“that much coffee”指代上文提到的“three cups of coffee a day”，符合语境。故选E。
10．上文“Now, the 2024 study suggests that drinking three cups of coffee a day could lower the development of
cardiometabolic multimorbidity.(现在，2024 年的研究表明每天喝三杯咖啡能够降低心血管代谢多重病症的
发生几率)”引出了“心血管代谢多重病症”这一概念，下文“It includes type 2 diabetes, stroke, or heart
disease.(它包括 2 型糖尿病、中风或者心脏病)”对该病症进行了举例说明，D 项“它是指一个人患上几种
心血管代谢疾病的情况”对“cardiometabolic multimorbidity”进行了准确解释，起到了承上启下的作用，符
合语境。故选D。
11．上文“The researchers followed 180,000 British people in the UK Biobank.(研究人员跟踪了英国生物样本
库中的18 万英国人)”提到了追踪了英国生物样本库中的18 万英国人，A 项“它的任务之一是跟踪人们的
长期健康状况”进一步说明了英国生物样本库的任务之一，与上文紧密相关，解释了跟踪这些人的原因，
符合语境。故选A。
12．上文“However, despite the promising results of this study, one should still be cautious. There are still
questions about the connection between coffee and heart health. The benefits of coffee still have to be explored.(然
而，尽管这项研究有很有前景的结果，但人们仍应保持谨慎。关于咖啡和心脏健康之间的联系仍然存在一
些问题。咖啡的益处仍有待探索)”表明咖啡的好处还有待证实，下文“And the positive relations are all
explained by some unknown factor.(并且这些积极的关系都可以用一些未知因素来解释)”指出目前的研究结果
可能存在其他未被发现的因素影响，F 项“这种保护作用仍然有可能根本不存在”进一步强调了对咖啡保
护作用的不确定性，跟上文密切联系且引出下文，符合语境。故选F。
13．上文“Whatever the case, it appears that caffeine can be good for your health.(无论如何，似乎咖啡因对健
康是有益的)”表明咖啡因还是对健康有益的，下文“This habit may keep you healthier.(这个习惯可能会让你
更健康)”指的是喝咖啡的习惯，C 项“所以喝咖啡的人可以开心地享用他们最喜欢的饮品”是基于上文得
出的结论，又引出了下文喝咖啡这个习惯有益健康，符合语境。故选C。
（2025 年新高考I 卷阅读理解C 篇）C
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the
opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad
sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion
in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.
“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature
to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways
but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without
plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there
was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding
yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and
lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an
exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad
says.
8. How was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A. It faced tough competition.
B. It suffered a great loss.
C. It got lots of financial support.
D. It went surprisingly well.
9. What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants?
A. They appeal more to students.
B. They purify the environment.
C. They raise the cortisol level.
D. They enhance productivity.
10. What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers?
A. The necessity of social skills.
B. The meaning of sustainability.
C. The importance of repeated efforts.
D. The value of professional opinions.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Time to Replace Houseplants
B. Plants Boost Your Mood
C. Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D. Plants Brighten Your Home
【答案】8 D 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad 的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理
健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
【8 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t
have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020
alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad 开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订
单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020 年6 月就寄出了1200 份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad 刚开始开网店卖室内植
物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。
【9 题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students
who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.
Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich
workplaces.”(Knuth 表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种
效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低
了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth 的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中
生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。
【10 题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow
yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested
in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad 说：“医生需要不断实践医
术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学
习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad 通过类比医生和律师
需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此
推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。
11 题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad 的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth
的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围
绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括
文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
