第01 讲 必修1 词汇考点
目录
01 课标达标练
【题型一】易考单词变形
【题型二】核心单词拼写
【题型三】重点短语词组
02 核心突破练
【题型一】阅读词汇和短语
【题型二】完形词汇和短语
03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．It is (amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.
【答案】amazing
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个男孩能这么快地解决这个问题，真是令人惊讶。此处应用形容词作表语，
修饰主语it 所指代的事情，应用-ing 结尾形容词amazing，意为“令人惊讶的”。故填amazing。
2．She tries hard to take advantage every opportunity that comes her way.
【答案】of
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她努力抓住每一个出现在她面前的机会。take advantage of 为固定短语，意
为“利用……”，其中of 为介词，后跟名词作宾语。故填of。
3． (fortune), the interviewer spoke highly of him during the interview,so he was accepted.
【答案】Fortunately
【详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，在面试过程中，面试官对他评价很高，所以他最终被录取了。修饰
后文句子，用副词fortunately，首字母大写。故填Fortunately。
4．She has donated a lot of money to the school and she has made a great (contribute) to education.
【答案】contribution
【详解】考查名词。句意：她给学校捐了很多钱，并且她为教育事业做出了巨大的贡献。本空作has made
的宾语，应用名词contribution“贡献”，前面有不定冠词a 修饰，此处用单数形式。故填contribution。
5．In modern times, men and women enjoy (equal) in many walks of life.
【答案】equality
【详解】考查名词。句意：在现代，男性和女性在生活的许多方面都享有平等的权利。根据句意可知，此
处表示“享有平等的权利”，应用名词equality“平等”作动词enjoy 的宾语，equality 为不可数名词。故填
equality。
6．The manager put forward a (propose) to improve the work efficiency.
【答案】proposal
【详解】考查名词。句意：经理提出了一个提高工作效率的建议。作宾语，应用名词proposal，不定冠词
提示用单数。故填proposal。
7．It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make real difference.
【答案】a
【详解】考查冠词。句意：这表明急救知识可以产生真正的影响。make a(n)...difference 意为“产生……影
响，起……作用”，为固定搭配，空后的real 发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
8．He worked hard to cut spending and achieved a (balance) budget.
【答案】balanced
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他努力削减开支，实现了预算平衡。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词
“budget”。形容词balanced 表示“平衡的”，符合句意。故填balanced。
9．He is one of this country’s top (profession) sportsmen.
【答案】professional
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他是该国的顶级职业运动员之一。所给词为名词profession，需用形容词形式
professional 来修饰名词sportsmen。故填professional。
10．The new design of the smartphone is fashionable and (attract), appealing to tech enthusiasts.
【答案】attractive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：智能手机的新设计时尚而有吸引力，吸引了科技爱好者。根据并列连词and
和前文的形容词fashionable 可知，空处需填形容词，一起并列作表语。attract 为动词，其形容词为
attractive，意为“有吸引力的”。故填attractive。
11．After a long (argue), they finally decided where to go to celebrate their 30th wedding
anniversary.
【答案】argument
【详解】考查名词。句意：经过长时间的争论，他们终于决定去哪里庆祝结婚30 周年纪念日。根据空前的
a long 可知，空处应用名词形式argument，作介词After 的宾语，表示“一场长时间的争论”。故填
argument。
12．The IT team are responsible for the (operate) of the projector in the auditorium.
【答案】operation
【详解】考查名词。句意：IT 团队负责礼堂投影仪的操作。分析句子可知，“the + 名词 + of...”是一种常
见的结构，表示 “……的……”，此处需要一个名词，“operate”的名词形式是“operation”。故填
operation。
13．High (stressful) can affect physical health.
【答案】stress
【详解】考查名词。句意：高度压力会影响身体健康。此处为名词作主语，stressful 是形容词，意为“有
压力的”，其名词形式为stress，意为“压力”且为不可数名词。故填stress。
14．In (respond) to your question, we have provided the relevant information.
【答案】response
【详解】考查名词。句意：针对你的问题，我们已提供相关信息。本空作In 的宾语，用名词response“回应，
答复”，in response to“对……做出反应/回应”。故填response。
15．Building a strong sense of （secure）in teenagers is crucial for their emotional well-being.
【答案】security
16．The English teacher decided to adopt a different approach to evaluating the students' （perform）in
class.
【答案】performance（s）
17．Regular engagement in sports can help teenagers manage their stress and reduce feelings of
（anxious）.
【答案】anxiety
18．As (teenager), we should value our school life.
【答案】teenagers
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为青少年，我们应该珍惜我们的学校生活。可数名词teenager 作介词宾语，
根据主语“we”可知，这里说的青少年不止一个，要用复数形式。故填teenagers。
19．Smiles can be used to hide feelings like (angry), fear, or worry.
【答案】anger
【详解】考查名词。句意：微笑可以用来隐藏诸如愤怒、恐惧或担忧这样的感受。本空用名词anger“愤
怒”，作like 的宾语。故答案为anger。
20．The more exposed young people are to financial issues, the (likely) they are to become
responsible.
【答案】more likely
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：年轻人越多地面临经济问题，就越可能变得负责任。此处考查固定句型，
the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…“越……越……”，故填more likely。
21．The concert is (definite) worth going to, as the singer’s live performance is amazing.
【答案】definitely
【详解】考查副词。句意：这场音乐会绝对值得一去，因为这位歌手的现场表演太精彩了。“definite”为
形容词，意为“确定的”，此处需用副词作状语，修饰形容词“worth”，故填definitely。
22．We had to cancel our picnic due to the (horror) weather.
【答案】horrible
【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于天气恶劣，我们不得不取消野餐。此处修饰名词 weather，应用形容词
形式，horror 的形容词是 horrible，意为“可怕的，糟糕的”。故填horrible。
23．Some popular stars wear masks in public to escape (recognize) by fans,which allows them to
enjoy their private lives more freely.
【答案】being recognized
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些受欢迎的明星在公共场合戴口罩以避免被粉丝认出，这使他们能够
更自由地享受他们的私人生活。escape doing sth.表示“逃避/避免做某事”，且此处表示“避免被粉丝认
出”，应用动名词的被动式being done 作宾语。故填being recognized。
24．His （behave）at the party last night seemed rather out of place, which surprised many of us.
【答案】behaviour
【解析】略
25．Whitacre’s (origin) compositions began to become quite popular among choirs and singers.
【答案】original
【详解】考查形容词。句意：惠塔克的原创作品开始在合唱团和歌手中变得相当受欢迎。空处修饰其后的
名词compositions，需用形容词作定语，origin 的形容词形式为original“原创的”。故填original。
26．As is known to all, the local economy will ( beneficial) from the newly built railway.
【答案】benefit
【详解】考查动词。句意：众所周知，新建铁路将使当地经济受益。本句缺少谓语，故此处应填动词形式，
且will 后跟动词原形，故填benefit。
27．Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the (basic) of men’s desire to understand.
【答案】basis
【详解】考查名词。句意：神秘引发好奇，而好奇是人类渴望理解的基础。根据空前的the 及空后的of 可
知，此处需用名词形式，形容词basic 的名词形式为basis，意为“基础；根据”，固定短语“the basis of”
意为“……的基础”。故填basis。
28．The soil and water (lose) in the Yangtze River basin is very serious and the immediate action is
needed.
【答案】loss
【详解】考查名词。句意：长江流域的水土流失非常严重，需要立即采取行动。本空作主语，用名词形式。
lose 的名词形式是loss“流失，丧失”。故填loss。
29．A bad mood is a passive (reflect) of outer factors in one’s daily life.
【答案】reflection
【详解】考查名词。句意：坏心情是日常生活中外界因素的被动反映。根据空格前的形容词passive 可知，
形容词应该修饰名词，所以此处用提示词的名词形式reflection 作表语。故填reflection。
30．As a proverb goes, “ (fail) is the mother of success.
【答案】failure
【详解】考查名词。句意：俗话说，失败是成功之母。空处应用名词failure 作主语，表示抽象概念，为不
可数名词。故填failure。
31．This medicine is highly (effect) against infections.
【答案】effective
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这种药物对感染的治疗效果非常好。根据句意和空格前的is highly 可知，空
格处应该用形容词effective 作表语。故填effective。
32．The project’s innovation created great impacts and (achieve).
【答案】achievements
【详解】考查名词。句意：该项目的创新产生了巨大的影响和成就。此处和and 前的名词impacts 并列作动
词created 的宾语，所以此处应用名词形式，achievement 意为“成就”，为可数名词，此处表示不止一个
成就，所以应用复数形式。故填achievements。
33．A series of studies show that heart responds well to (energy) exercise.
【答案】energetic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：一系列研究表明，心脏对充满能量的运动反应良好。根据exercise 可知，此
处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词。energy 的形容词形式为energetic，意为“精力充沛的，充满活力的”，
符合语境。故填energetic。
34．Nowadays, adolescents are becoming much (concern) about future careers and feel pressured to
make decisions about education and jobs.
【答案】concerned
【详解】考查形容词。句意：如今，青少年们越来越关注自己未来的职业，并且感到在选择教育和工作方
面面临着巨大的压力。作表语，用形容词concerned，故填concerned。
35．She has a strong (memorize) for details.
【答案】memory
【详解】考查名词。句意：她对细节有很强的记忆力。名词memory 作宾语，冠词a 提示用其单数形式。
故填memory。
36．Students learned many practical (apply) of their research they had conducted in the classroom.
【答案】applications
【详解】考查名词。句意：学生们了解到了他们在课堂上所进行的研究的许多实际应用。分析句子可知，
此空应填名词作宾语，application，表“运用”，为可数名词，且由空前many 可知，这里应用复数形式。
故填applications。
37．Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with (strengthen) and flexibility?
【答案】strength
【详解】考查名词。句意：或者你只是想要身体健康，动作既有力又灵活？空处作宾语，需用名词
strength，表抽象概念，不可数。故填strength。
38．They’re (frighten) of losing power.
【答案】frightened
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他们害怕失去权力。空格处需要填入形容词作表语，表示“感到害怕的”，
以-ed 结尾的形容词对人进行修饰，句子的主语为they，是人。故填frightened。
39．As the old (say) goes, “Practice makes perfect.”
【答案】saying
【详解】考查名词。句意：俗话说：“熟能生巧。”。as the saying goes 意为“俗话说”，名词saying 为
“谚语；俗话；格言”之意。故填saying。
40．These things can help you take your mind off matters worry you and make you feel good about
yourself.
【答案】that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些事情可以帮助你从烦恼中解脱出来，让你自我感觉良好。空处引导限
制性定语从句，先行词是matters，在从句中作主语，指物，用which/that 引导。故填which/that。
题型二 核心单词拼写
41．The students put up a (海报) on the bulletin board.
【答案】poster
【详解】考查名词。句意：学生们在布告栏上贴了一张海报。根据汉语提示“海报”可知，此处应填名词
poster 作宾语，且由不定冠词“a”可知，需用单数形式，put up a poster 表示“张贴海报”。故填poster。
42．Her (目标) is to release her own album as well as to perform on the international music stage.
【答案】aim/goal
【详解】考查名词。句意：她的目标是发行自己的专辑，并登上国际音乐舞台表演。根据汉语提示“目
标”，以及空前的形容词性物主代词her 可知，此处应填名词aim/goal，根据is 可知，用单数形式作主语。
故填aim/goal。
43．We should make full use of (资源) to avoid waste.
【答案】resources
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该充分利用资源，避免浪费。分析句意可知，此处需要填写名词表示
“资源”，在句中作介词of 的宾语，名词resource“资源”符合语境，该词常用复数形式。故答案为
resources。
44．We should take (积极的) steps to protect the environment.
【答案】positive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们应该采取积极的措施保护环境。空格处应该填写意为“积极的”形容词
作定语，修饰名词steps“步骤、措施”，故positive“积极的”符合语境。故填positive。
45． (个人的) learning styles should be respected to enhance educational effectiveness.
【答案】Individual
【详解】考查形容词。句意：应尊重个人的学习风格，以提高教育效果。表示“个人的”使用形容词
individual，作定语修饰名词短语learning styles，首字母应大写，故填Individual。
46．Over the next three years, your will discover your (潜力) while you develop as a student as a person.
【答案】potential
【详解】考查名词。句意：在接下来的三年里，你将会发现你的潜力，同时你在作为学生和个人发展。根
据汉语提示“潜力”，其英文为potential，为不可数名词，作discover 的宾语。故填potential。
47．She made a great (努力) to learn dancing and now she can perform on stage confidently.
【答案】effort
【详解】考查名词。句意：她努力学习跳舞，付出了很大的努力，现在她可以在舞台上自信地表演了。根
据汉语提示“努力”可知，本空应用名词effort，作动词made 的宾语，且前面有不定冠词a 修饰，所以用
单数形式。故填effort。
48．The (细节) on the buildings here are so unusual, so different from China.
【答案】details
【详解】考查名词。句意：这里建筑的细节是如此不同寻常，与中国如此不同。空格处作主语，根据汉语
提示和句中的are 可知，应该用复数名词details 作主语。故填details。
49．Everything will return to (正常), don’t be afraid.
【答案】normal
【详解】考查名词。句意：一切都会恢复正常，不要害怕。根据汉语提示，return to normal 是固定搭配，
表示“恢复正常（状态）”，名词作宾语。故填normal。
50．My friend recommend me a good Italian restaurant in the (市区的) area.
【答案】downtown/urban
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的朋友向我推荐了市中心一家不错的意大利餐厅。根据汉语提示“市区
的”可知，用形容词downtown/urban 作定语修饰名词area，故填downtown/urban。
51． (青少年) are always full of dreams and imagination.
【答案】Teenagers
【详解】考查名词。句意：青少年总是充满梦想和想象力。根据汉语提示“青少年”可知，此处应为名词
teenager，作主语，结合谓语动词are 可知，此处需用名词复数形式teenagers，位于句首，首字母大写。故
填Teenagers。
52．Attitudes to (精神的) illness have shifted in recent years.
【答案】mental
【详解】考查形容词。句意：近年来，人们对精神疾病的态度发生了转变。结合“illness”可知，“精神
的”应用形容词mental，作修饰illness 的定语，表示“精神疾病”。故填mental。
53．We (租用) a car for the week and explored the area.
【答案】rented
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：我们租了一周的车，探索了这个地区。根据汉语提示“租用”可知，此
处为动词rent，结合explored 可知，句子用一般过去时。故填rented。
54．You’ll also get (专家的) advice on keeping your hair in good condition.
【答案】expert
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你还会得到关于保持头发健康的专家建议。根据汉语提示“专家的”以及空
后的名词 advice 可知，此处需要填入一个形容词来修饰名词。空处需要形容词expert，意为“专家的；内
行的”。故填expert。
55．Can you all (聚集) round? I’ve got something to tell you.
【答案】gather
【详解】考查动词。句意：大家都能围过来吗？我有件事要告诉你们。根据汉语提示可知用动词gather，
且can 后跟动词原形。故填gather。
56．His company offers a (灵活的) packaging service for the food industry.
【答案】flexible
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的公司为食品行业提供灵活的包装服务。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用形
容词flexible 表示“灵活的”作定语，修饰名词service。故填flexible。
57．She is always (渴望的) to learn new things and explore different cultures.
【答案】eager
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她总是渴望学习新事物，探索不同的文化。根据汉语提示可知，此处应填形
容词eager，作表语。be eager to do sth.渴望做某事。故填eager。
58．I must (道歉) for any inconvenience it may have caused you.
【答案】apologize
【详解】考查动词。句意：我必须为可能给您带来的任何不便道歉。根据汉语提示“道歉”可知，空处应
填动词apologize，情态动词后应接动词原形。故填apologize。
59．We should not (判断) people based on how much money they have.
【答案】judge
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们不应该根据人们有多少钱来判断他们。根据汉语提示“判断”可知，空处
应填动词judge，情态动词后用动词原形。故填judge。
60．We should show our (尊重) for the old people, our parents and our teachers.
【答案】respect
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该对老人、父母和老师表示尊重。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“尊
重”应用respect，为不可数名词，在本句中作宾语。故填respect。
61． (忽视) all the No Smoking signs, he lit up a cigarette.
【答案】Ignoring
【详解】考查动词。句意：他不顾所有“禁止吸烟”的标识，点燃了一支香烟。根据汉语提示可知用动词
ignore，与he 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。首字母大写。故填Ignoring。
62．His work has been criticized for being (肤浅的).
【答案】shallow
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的作品被批评肤浅。“肤浅的”应用形容词shallow，作being 的表语。故
填shallow。
63．The teacher tried to (安慰) Lucy after she failed in the exam.
【答案】comfort
【详解】考查动词。句意：露西考试不及格后，老师尽力安慰她。表示“安慰”使用动词comfort，try to
do sth. (尽量去做某事)，使用动词原形和前面的to 构成动词不定式，故填comfort。
64．To my (高兴), I have a chance to look for another more suitable job where I can thoroughly
perform my ability.
【答案】delight/joy
【详解】考查名词。句意：令我高兴的是，我有机会寻找另一份更合适的工作，在那里我可以充分发挥我
的能力。“to one's + 名词” 为固定结构，表示“令某人…… 的是”，根据汉语提示 “高兴”，此处应
填名词delight/joy。故填delight/joy。
65．This design is (稍微) different from that one.
【答案】slightly
【详解】考查副词。句意：这个设计与那个设计稍微有些不同。根据汉语提示“稍微”可知，此处应用副
词slightly，作状语，修饰形容词different。故填slightly。
66．I have a rich knowledge of winter sports, which will (证明) helpful in communicating with
players.
【答案】prove
【详解】考查时态。句意：我有丰富的冬季运动知识，这将有助于与运动员沟通。will 是助动词，后跟动
词原形，句子时态是一般将来时，“证明”的动词是prove，故填prove。
67．It was reported that the city was under （攻击）yesterday and it was completely destroyed.
【答案】attack
【解析】略
68．I’ll have the machine repaired for it doesn’t (运转) properly.
【答案】function
【详解】考查动词。句意：我要找人修理这台机器，因为它不能正常运转了。根据空前doesn’t 可知此处应
填动词原形作谓语，由汉语提示“运转”可知不及物动词function“正常工作，运转”符合句意。故填
function。
69．The (美) of living in California is that the weather is always pleasant.
【答案】beauty
【详解】考查名词。句意：住在加利福尼亚的美妙之处在于天气总是宜人的。空处作主语，结合定冠词the
可知应填名词，“美” 的名词形式为 beauty。故填 beauty。
70． (变苗条) down from 75 kg to 50 kg can’t be achieved overnight.
【答案】Slimming
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：体重从75 公斤减到50 公斤不能一蹴而就。根据汉语提示，表示“变苗
条”用slim，此处需用动名词slimming 作主语，同时该空置于句首，首字母大写。 故填Slimming。
题型三 重点短语词组
71．志愿者们所作的一切对乡村的贫苦及无家可归的人们有影响。
What the volunteers did to the poor and homeless people in the countryside.
【答案】 made a difference
【详解】考查动词短语。表示“有影响”短语为make a difference to，根据上文did 可知为一般过去时。故
填made a difference。
72．最后但同样重要的是，每天要保证有充足的睡眠时间。
, make sure to get enough sleep every day.
【答案】 Last but not least
【详解】考查固定短语。“最后但同样重要的是”用固定短语last but not least 表示。故填①Last；②but；
③not；④least。
73．火爆的争吵和冰冷的沉默在青少年和他们父母之间是司空见惯的。
and are common between teenagers and their parents.
【答案】 Heated arguments cold silences
【详解】考查形容词和名词。“火爆的”用形容词heated；“争吵”用名词argument，泛指，用复数形式，
在句中作主语；“冰冷的”用形容词cold；“沉默”用名词silence，泛指，用复数形式，在句中作主语；
根据句意，故填Heated arguments; cold silences。
74．考虑周全后，你要心平气和地向他们解释你的行为和感受，仔细地倾听，打消他们的顾虑。
After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and
.
【答案】 address their concerns
【详解】考查动词短语和祈使句。根据汉语提示，“打消某人的疑虑”可用表达为address one's concerns，
分析句子结构，空处address 与并列连词and 前的explain 和listen 并列，所以用动词原形，即address their
concerns，主句构成祈使句。故填address；their；concerns。
75．今天，跨海越洋依旧是人们强烈的渴望。
across the sea remains today.
【答案】 To reach out people’s strong desire
【详解】考查名词，动词，形容词和短语。表示“跨越”应用动词短语reach out；表示“人们”应用名词
所有格people’s，作定语，修饰后面的“渴望”；表示“强烈的”应用形容词strong；表示“渴望”应用名
词desire；分析句子结构和意思可知，“跨海越洋”要用动词不定式结构，作主语，表示人们将来要做的
事情。故答案为To reach out 和people’s strong desire。
76．我真的希望我可以尽快恢复去参加你的聚会。
I do hope that I go to your party.
【答案】 can recover soon to
【详解】考查情态动词、动词短语和副词。根据句子结构和中文提示可知，that 后为宾语从句，空格处表
达“可以尽快恢复”之意，“可以”用情态动词can，“恢复”用动词recover，“尽快”用副词soon；
“去参加你的聚会”为目的状语，应用不定式表目的。故填①can
recover
soon
to
②
③
④。
77．委员会的所有成员都是在义务的基础上工作的。
All members of the committee work voluntary .
【答案】 on a basis
【详解】考查介词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处表示“在……的基础上”，应用介词短语on
a/an…basis，voluntary 发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填①on；②a；③basis。
78．We were what kind of business to start.
我们很困惑，不知道该做什么生意。
【答案】 at a loss
【详解】考查介词短语。表示“困惑”使用介词短语at a loss，故填①at②a③loss。
79．It has a positive on the lives of many people.
（虚拟合唱团）被证明会对很多人的生活产生积极影响。
【答案】 proved to be influence
【详解】考查固定短语和名词。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“被证明会对……产生积极影响”。第
一空和第二空以及第三空涉及固定短语“prove to be”，意为“被证明是”，此处为现在完成时，has 后接
动词的过去分词形式，prove 的过去分词为proved；第四空表示“影响”需要填名词influence 作表语。故
填①proved
to
be
influence
②③
④
。
80．好好生活是最健康、最有效的塑身方式。
Living well is the safest and most way to .
【答案】 effective get into shape
【详解】考查形容词，动词不定式和固定搭配。根据句意可知，空处应用表示“有效的”的形容词
effective；表示“……的方式”应用way to do，动词不定式作way 的后置定语；表示“塑身”的固定搭配
为get into shape，与空前to，构成动词不定式。故空1 填effective；故空2 填get；故空3 填into；故空4 填
shape。
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
（2025·浙江杭州·二模）Most people see innovation as a flash of brilliance and Eureka, a new world is
born. When Alexander Fleming returned to his lab in 1928, he found a bacteria culture he had grown was infected
by fungus (霉菌), killing any colonies it touched. Rather than simply starting over, Fleming switched his focus to
the fungus. He identified the bacteria-killing substance, which he called “penicillin”, and seemingly in a single
stroke, created the new field of antibiotics. The truth, however, is messier. It wasn’t until 1943 that penicillin came
into widespread use.
To put Fleming’s discovery in context, consider Ignaz Semmelweis, who pioneered hand washing in
maternity wards ( 产房), significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scorn instead of fame. That was
because in the 1850s, his ideas conflicted with the popular miasma theory, which attributed disease to “bad airs”.
After his death in 1865, germ theory was accepted, paving the way for Fleming’s later work.
Fleming was a gifted biologist but a poor communicator. When he published his results in 1929, few took
notice. In 1935, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain discovered Fleming’s paper, understood its importance, and
developed methods to produce penicillin in quantity. By 1943, with World War II raging, the War Production Board
enlisted 21 companies to mass-produce penicillin, saving countless lives and ushering in the new age of antibiotics.
Fleming, Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945.
Penicillin owes much of its success to government support. For many other groundbreaking innovations like
the Internet and GPS, their innovators, while carving their own path, are often uncertain of where the opportunity
lies until they team up with other visionaries and corporations, who might have the resources to fast-track their
ideas. So, look at any significant innovation and the myth of the lone genius and the “eureka moment” breaks
down.
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．An account of a lab story.
B．Redefinition of a traditional view.
C．Correction of a popular misconception.
D．An analysis of a scientific phenomenon.
2．What is the message conveyed about Fleming’s story?
A．Great minds think alike.
B．The early bird catches the worm.
C．Luck’s got your back when it comes to success.
D．Early work is a steppingstone to later breakthroughs.
3．What does the underlined part “ushering in” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Delaying.
B．Introducing.
C．Predicting.
D．Transforming.
4．Which of the following can be the best title?
A．Great Innovations: Individuals Are True Heroes.
B．From Failure to Success: The Story of Penicillin.
C．The Lone Genius: Fleming’s Discovery of Penicillin.
D．The Long Road to Penicillin: How Innovation Happens.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过讲述青霉素的发现、早期未受重视、后续量产推广的过程，结
合塞麦尔维斯在产房推行洗手却遭冷遇的例子，揭示重大创新并非是某个天才“灵光一闪”的产物，而是
多方面因素共同作用的结果。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Most people see innovation as a flash of brilliance and Eureka, a new world
is born. When Alexander Fleming returned to his lab in 1928, he found a bacteria culture he had grown was
infected by fungus (霉菌), killing any colonies it touched. Rather than simply starting over, Fleming switched his
focus to the fungus. He identified the bacteria-killing substance, which he called “penicillin”, and seemingly in a
single stroke, created the new field of antibiotics. The truth, however, is messier. It wasn’t until 1943 that penicillin
came into widespread use. (大多数人将创新视为灵光一现的“尤里卡时刻”（即灵感突现的瞬间），仿佛一
声“尤里卡”，新世界便随之诞生。1928 年，亚历山大
弗莱明回到实验室时，发现自己培养的细菌培养
・
基被霉菌污染，而霉菌所到之处，细菌菌落均被杀死。他没有简单地从头再来，而是将研究重点转向了这
种霉菌。他鉴定出了这种杀菌物质，并将其命名为“青霉素”——看似一蹴而就间，他开创了抗生素这一
全新领域。但事实远比这复杂。直到1943 年，青霉素才得以广泛应用。)”可知，在第一段中，作者先指出
大众对创新的普遍认知，随后通过弗莱明发现青霉素的例子，用“however”转折强调“事实远比这复杂”，
即纠正了人们对创新过程的误解。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Fleming was a gifted biologist but a poor communicator. When he published
his results in 1929, few took notice. In 1935, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain discovered Fleming’s paper,
understood its importance, and developed methods to produce penicillin in quantity. By 1943, with World War II
raging, the War Production Board enlisted 21 companies to mass-produce penicillin, saving countless lives and
ushering in the new age of antibiotics. Fleming, Florey and Chain received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945.
(弗莱明是一位天赋异禀的生物学家，但不擅长沟通。1929 年，他发表了自己的研究成果，却几乎无人关
注。1935 年，霍华德
弗洛里和恩斯特
钱恩发现了弗莱明的论文，意识到其重要性，并开发了批量生产
・
・
青霉素的方法。到1943 年，第二次世界大战正如火如荼，美国战争生产委员会召集21 家公司大规模生产
青霉素，拯救了无数生命，也开创了抗生素的新时代。弗莱明、弗洛里和钱恩于1945 年共同获得诺贝尔医
学奖。)”可知，弗莱明的成果最初无人关注，直到弗洛里和钱恩发现其论文并推动量产，最终借助政府和
企业资源实现突破。由此可推测，弗莱明的初步发现、弗洛里团队的开发，均体现早期成果为后续突破铺
路的逻辑。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句“By 1943, with World War II raging, the War Production Board enlisted
21 companies to mass-produce penicillin, saving countless lives and ushering in the new age of antibiotics. (到
1943 年，第二次世界大战正如火如荼，美国战争生产委员会召集21 家公司大规模生产青霉素，拯救了无
数生命，也……抗生素的新时代。)”可知，青霉素的大规模生产拯救了生命，由此开启了抗生素的新时代。
划线单词的意思和“开创、引入”相似。选项B“introducing”意为“引入”，与此相符。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章通过青霉素的发现与应用过程，揭示了创新并非“灵光一现”，
而是依赖前人研究积累、团队协作、资源支持等多方面因素的长期过程。选项D“The Long Road to
Penicillin: How Innovation Happens. (青霉素的漫长之路：创新如何发生。)”既涵盖青霉素从发现到应用的漫
长过程，又点明文章对创新本质的探讨，契合主旨。故选D。
（24-25 高三下·安徽淮北·阶段练习）Every bookstore in Beijing used to have a massive fiction room
piled to the ceiling with great books. These days, you’re as likely as not to find that those rooms have been shrunk
down to the size of a solitary (单独的) table thickly covered with the latest releases and best-selling novels. This,
however, begs the question: Is fiction dying out, or is print media finally defeated by its electronic and audio copy
opponents?
Now that Kindle is leaving China, some say that maybe people will get back to traditional reading. I doubt it,
however. This downward-reading trend has been evident for a long time now. When Jeff Bezos first launched
Kindle, Steve Jobs from Apple said it would fail because “people don’t read anymore. It doesn’t matter how good
or bad the product is.”
But I don’t think reading itself is dying. It is merely becoming more functional — in other words, something
you have to do in order to get some practical benefits. Gone are the days when people just read for fun. Why
lumber (迫使担负) through a musty old book when you can watch an action movie or play a video game? Of
course, people know that these are poor substitutes（替代品）for a good book.
In fact, there is nothing better than getting lost in a great book. I remember reading Shackleton, the British
polar explorer, when I was a boy. After turning over the last leaf of this extraordinary adventure, I felt as if I, too,
had just been to the South Pole and back. This imaginary achievement translated into a sense of confidence which
must have been infectious, as soon afterwards all of my friends were themselves picking up books to read for fun.
Psychologists say that you are the average of the five friends you surround yourself with. We can learn from them
and they can also come to have a profound effect on our own habits and mindset. In this way, a book, too, can be a
mentor (导师). The ideas, advice, mindset, and experiences of other people living in other times can get transmitted
to us down through the pages of a good book.
In the age of fragmented information, the winners will be those who can stay focused. However, in a world
that easily gets distracted, deep reading seems to be getting further away from us. Our biggest problem is not
Kindle’s departure from China, but our own departure from reality. Great books transmit universal truths; get them
read. How exactly you do so is up to you.
1．The author mentioned Kindle in the text to _______.
A．praise its convenience and popularity in reading
B．explore the reason for the decline of print media
C．highlight the decreasing trend of traditional reading
D．show our regret for its departure from China’s market
2．Which of the following statements is true about Shackleton according to the passage?
A．He is famous for imaginary writing.
B．He finds nothing better than an old book.
C．He visited the South Pole many times himself. D．His adventure story influenced the author a lot.
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．We should read more in order to escape from reality.
B．We have to accept the fact that Kindle is leaving China.
C．It’s necessary to find better substitutes for books like Kindle.
D．We need to face the reality that reading is becoming less popular.
4．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage?
A．To discuss the future trend of reading.
B．To advocate the benefits of reading.
C．To analyze the reasons for the decline of reading.
D．To compare different forms of reading.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章借北京书店小说区缩小现象，指传统阅读趋势下降，强调阅读功能化同时，
以自身经历证书籍价值，呼吁读好书。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Now that Kindle is leaving China, some say that maybe people will get back to
traditional reading. I doubt it, however. This downward-reading trend has been evident for a long time now. ( 现在
Kindle 离开了中国，有人说也许人们会回到传统的阅读方式。然而，我对此表示怀疑。这种下降趋势已经
持续了很长时间。)”可知，作者提到 Kindle 即将离开中国，有人认为人们会回归传统阅读，但作者表示
怀疑，并且指出阅读量下降的趋势早已明显。所以作者提及 Kindle 是为了强调传统阅读量下降的趋势。
故选C 项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“I remember reading Shackleton, the British polar explorer, when I was a boy.
After turning over the last leaf of this extraordinary adventure, I felt as if I, too, had just been to the South Pole and
back. This imaginary achievement translated into a sense of confidence which must have been infectious, as soon
afterwards all of my friends were themselves picking up books to read for fun. ( 我记得小时候读过英国极地探
险家Shackleton 的书。在翻过这次非凡冒险的最后一页后，我觉得自己也刚刚去过南极并返回了。这种想
象中的成就转化为一种自信，这种自信一定很有感染力，因为不久之后，我所有的朋友都自己拿起书来读，
找乐子。)”可知，作者读了关于 Shackleton 的书后，感觉自己仿佛去了南极又回来，并且这种想象中的成
就转化为自信，还影响了朋友们开始读书。这说明 Shackleton 的冒险故事对作者影响很大。故选D 项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, in a world that easily gets distracted, deep reading seems to be
getting further away from us. Our biggest problem is not Kindle’s departure from China, but our own departure
from reality. ( 然而，在一个容易分心的世界里，深度阅读似乎离我们越来越远。我们最大的问题不是
Kindle 离开中国，而是我们自己脱离了现实。)” 意思是在这个容易分心的世界里，深度阅读似乎离我们越
来越远，我们最大的问题不是 Kindle 离开中国，而是我们自己远离了现实。这表明我们需要面对阅读变
得不那么流行的现实。故选D 项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在文中讲述了阅读量下降的趋势，但也强调了阅读的好处，如通过
读关于 Shackleton 的书获得自信，还提到一本书可以像导师一样，伟大的书籍传递普遍真理等。所以作
者写这篇文章的主要目的是倡导阅读的益处。故选B 项。
题型二 完形词汇和短语
（2025·海南海口·三模）The day that I will always remember is when I ran my first 10km. While putting my
toe on the starting 1 , I felt my heart drop to my stomach. However, I would 2 my heart,
because in running, when you run out of your 3 , you just run with your heart.
That day the 4 was cool and fresh, and my courage had set in. The race was about to start. Bang! The
5 of the starting gun ran into the air. I took off running, 6 like the wind. I knew it would be a really
great challenge for me. In the first four miles, I felt like a cheetah (猎豹). I felt 7 and forceful in my
pace.
Then came the fifth mile. My legs 8 like jelly (果冻), and I could feel fire burning in my lungs,
“keep 9 !” The thought ran through my head. Now was the time I had to run with my heart. I had to win
although I didn’t know whether I would 10 it. My body really wanted to 11 , but my heart told
me not to. I think it’s the 12 thing about running. The real run starts when you want to stop.
I saw the finishing line and I felt like an Olympic 13 who was about to win the race. I had 14
been happier, and felt proud too when I had my 15 put around my neck. As the saying goes, “Running is
the greatest metaphor (比喻) for life, because you get out of it what you put into it.”
1．A．point
B．sign
C．course
D．line
2．A．need
B．burn
C．sink
D．know
3．A．knowledge
B．ability
C．energy
D．money
4．A．situation
B．scenery
C．air
D．sunlight
5．A．sound
B．power
C．action
D．result
6．A．carefully
B．gently
C．fast
D．freely
7．A．nervous
B．serious
C．strong
D．heavy
8．A．looked
B．tasted
C．felt
D．smelt
9．A．growing
B．going
C．talking
D．resting
10．A．expect
B．see
C．accept
D．make
11．A．take off
B．give up
C．stay out
D．turn back
12．A．first
B．important
C．terrible
D．easy
13．A．coach
B．volunteer
C．supporter
D．runner
14．A．sometimes
B．ever
C．always
D．never
15．A．metal
B．model
C．medal
D．license
【答案】
1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B
12．B 13．D 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍作者首次参加10 公里跑步比赛，在过程中克服困难并最终完成比赛
的经历。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我把脚趾放在起跑线上时，我悬着的心终于放下来了。 A. point 要点；B.
sign 迹象；C. course 课程；D. line 线。根据上文的“The day that I will always remember is when I ran my first
10 miles.”可知，作者说他第一次参加了10 公里的长跑比赛，由此可知，在长跑即将开始的时候应该是脚
尖放在起跑线上，the starting line 意为“起跑线”。故选D 项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我需要用心，因为在跑步中，当你耗尽了精力，你就只能用心去跑。
A. need 需要；B. burn 燃烧；C. sink 下沉；D. know 知道。根据下文的“when you run out of your ___3___ ,
you just run with your heart”可知，当精力耗尽时需要用心去跑，所以此处表示“需要”用心。故选A 项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我需要用心，因为在跑步中，当你耗尽了精力，你就只能用心去跑。
A. knowledge 知识；B. ability 能力；C. energy 精力；D. money 金钱。根据下文的“you just run with your
heart”以及跑步的场景可知，此处指当“精力”耗尽时，只能用心坚持。故选C 项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天的空气凉爽清新，我的勇气也来了。A. situation 情况；B. scenery 风景；
C. air 空气；D. sunlight 阳光。根据下文的“cool and fresh”可知，这里描述的是“空气”的特点。故选C 项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：发令枪的声音响彻空中。A. sound 声音；B. power 力量；C. action 行动；D.
result 结果。根据上文的“Bang!”以及下文的“I took off running, ___6___ like the wind.”可知，作者听到发
令枪的“声音”，开始奔跑。故选A 项。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我开始奔跑，快得像风一样。A. carefully 仔细地；B. gently 温柔地；C. fast
快速地；D. freely 自由地。根据下文的“like the wind”可知，此处形容奔跑的速度“快”符合语境。故选C
项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在步伐中感到强壮有力。A. nervous 紧张的；B. serious 严肃的；C.
strong 强壮的；D. heavy 沉重的。根据下文的“and forceful in my pace.”可知，此处与“forceful”并列，所以
指感觉自己的步伐“强壮”有力。故选C 项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的腿感觉像果冻一样，我能感觉到肺里在燃烧。A. looked 看起来；B.
tasted 尝起来；C. felt 感觉；D. smelt 闻起来。根据下文的“and I could feel fire burning in my lungs”可知，
当作者跑到5 英里的时候，应该很累，所以“感觉”到他的腿像果冻一样。故选C 项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“继续跑！”这个想法在我脑海中闪过。A. growing 生长；B. going 去；C.
talking 说话；D. resting 休息。根据上文的“when you run out of your ___3___ , you just run with your heart”以
及下文的“Now was the time I had to run with my heart.”可知，作者在感到疲惫的时候开始用心去跑，由此
可推断，此处指的是“继续前进”符合语境。故选B 项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我必须赢，尽管我不知道自己是否能成功。A. expect 期待；B. see 看见；
C. accept 接受；D. make 制作。根据上文“I had to win although I didn’t know whether I would”以及上文提到
作者的腿像果冻一样可知，作者此时怀疑自己是否能坚持跑到终点，make it 为固定短语，意为“成功做成
某事”，此处指不知道自己能否成功完成比赛。故选D 项。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的身体真的想放弃，但我的心告诉我不要放弃。A. take off 起飞；B. give
up 放弃；C. stay out 待在外面；D. turn back 转身。根据后文“but my heart told me not to”可知，身体想“放
弃”，但内心不让放弃。故选B 项。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为这是跑步中重要的事情。A. first 第一的；B. important 重要的；C.
terrible 糟糕的；D. easy 容易的。根据下文的“The real run starts when you want to stop”可知，当想停止时才
是真正的跑步开始，作者意识到了关于跑步“重要的”事情所在。故选B 项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到了终点线，感觉自己像一名即将赢得比赛的奥林匹克跑步者。A.
coach 教练；B. volunteer 志愿者；C. supporter 支持者；D. runner 跑步者。根据“who was about to win the
race”可知，此处指像奥林匹克“跑步者”。故选D 项。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当奖牌挂在我脖子上时，我从未如此开心，也感到自豪。A. sometimes 有
时；B. ever 曾经；C. always 总是；D. never 从未。根据语境和下文的“and felt proud too when I had my
___15___ put around my neck.”可知，作者获得了奖牌很高兴，由此可知，作者说他“从来没有”那样高兴
过。。故选D 项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当奖牌挂在我脖子上时，我从未如此开心，也感到自豪。A. metal 金属；
B. model 模型；C. medal 奖牌；D. license 执照。根据语境和上文的“I had ___14___ been happier, and felt
proud too when I had my ___15___ put around my neck.”可知，完成比赛后挂在脖子上的应该是“奖牌”，
这也让作者感到非常自豪。故选C 项。
（2025·重庆·模拟预测）Early 2024 was so unforgettable for Taylor MacMahon. It was a 1 time.
The 21-year-old college student said she was “struggling with some intense anxiety and 2 , which led to
physical health issues.” So MacMahon decided to seek 3 from a doctor. The diagnosis (诊断) she
received — chronic (慢性的) anxiety — wasn’t much of a 4 , but the treatment her doctor provided was.
“She literally told me to 5 grass,” MacMahon 6 , but her doctor was being serious. “She
told me the next time I was 7 with worry, to stop what I was doing, go 8 , take my shoes off
and put my feet in the grass. She said it would be effective.”
MacMahon was 9 at first, but she decided to follow her doctor’s advice and was surprised to
discover how well — and quickly — it worked. Simply being outdoors 10 her anxiety. So when one of
her professors suggested she 11 a summer course called Nature Immersion and Human Well-Being, she
12 the opportunity. For one week at Colorado State University’s mountain campus, she experienced all kinds
of healing through 13 in nature, from hiking to swimming to climbing trees to sitting around the
campfire.
“I learned not just that nature works as a 14 for mental and physical problems, but how and why it
works,” she says. “That week was 15 . It felt magical.”
1．A．tough
B．golden
C．free
D．right
2．A．confusion
B．calmness
C．depression
D．indifference
3．A．permission
B．assistance
C．justice
D．protection
4．A．surprise
B．plan
C．wonder
D．signal
5．A．plant
B．touch
C．cut
D．burn
6．A．agreed
B．promised
C．cried
D．laughed
7．A．mixed
B．equipped
C．consumed
D．concerned
8．A．ahead
B．inside
C．online
D．outside
9．A．doubtful
B．supportive
C．enthusiastic
D．pessimistic
10．A．released
B．worsened
C．caused
D．expressed
11．A．offer
B．teach
C．attend
D．design
12．A．turned down
B．jumped at
C．missed out
D．fought for
13．A．objects
B．systems
C．patterns
D．activities
14．A．test
B．source
C．cure
D．response
15．A．jaw-dropping B．life-changing
C．eye-catching
D．time-consuming
【答案】
1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．A 11．C
12．B 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍泰勒·麦克马洪因焦虑而就医，遵医嘱接触自然缓解症状并参加相关
课程的经历。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一段艰难的时光。A. tough 艰难的；B. golden 黄金的；C. free 自由的；
D. right 正确的。根据下文“struggling with some intense anxiety”可知，她在与强烈的焦虑作斗争，因此这
段时间是“艰难的”符合语境。故选A 项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位21 岁的大学生说她“在与一些强烈的焦虑和抑郁作斗争，这导致了身
体健康问题”。A. confusion 困惑；B. calmness 平静；C. depression 抑郁；D. indifference 冷漠。根据并列关
系及下文的“which led to physical health issues.”可知，与焦虑并列且导致健康问题的应是“抑郁”符合语
境。故选C 项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以麦克马洪决定向医生寻求帮助。A. permission 允许；B. assistance 帮助；
C. justice 正义；D. protection 保护。根据下文的“The diagnosis (诊断) she received — chronic (慢性的)
anxiety”可知，医生给她诊断的是慢性焦虑症，由此可知，此处指的是她因健康问题向医生寻求“帮助”符
合语境。故选B 项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她收到的诊断——慢性焦虑——并不太令人惊讶，但她的医生提供的治疗
却令人惊讶。A. surprise 惊讶；B. plan 计划；C. wonder 奇迹；D. signal 信号。根据上文的“The 21-year-old
college student said she was “struggling with some intense anxiety and ___2___ , which led to physical health
issues.””可知，麦克马洪说在与一些强烈的焦虑和抑郁作斗争，由此可知，麦克马洪知道自己换上了焦虑
症，由此可知，此处指的是诊断结果在意料之中，所以“不令人惊讶”符合语境。故选A 项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“她简直是告诉我去触摸草地，”麦克马洪笑着说，但她的医生是认真的。
A. plant 种植；B. touch 触摸；C. cut 切割；D. burn 燃烧。根据下文“take my shoes off and put my feet in the
grass.”可知，医生建议脱下鞋子把脚放在草地上，由此可知，建议她与草地接触，即“触摸”符合语境。
故选B 项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. agreed 同意；B. promised 承诺；C. cried 哭泣；D. laughed 笑。根
据“but her doctor was being serious”可知，医生是认真的，上下文之间为转折关系，由此可知推断，此处指
的是起初她认为医生的建议可笑，所以“笑着说”符合逻辑。故选D 项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，下次当我被忧虑吞噬时，停下正在做的事情，到外面去，脱下
鞋子，把脚放在草地上。A. mixed 混合；B. equipped 装备；C. consumed 吞噬；D. concerned 关心。根据下
文的“with worry”以及“She said it would be effective.”可知，此处是医生给她提的建议，认为这么做是有效
的，由此可推断，此处指被忧虑“吞噬”，即陷入强烈焦虑中时，应采取的措施。故选C 项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. ahead 向前；B. inside 里面；C. online 在线；D. outside 外面。根据
下文的“put my feet in the grass”可知，需要到“外面”接触草地。故选D 项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：麦克马洪一开始很怀疑，但她决定听从医生的建议，惊讶地发现它效果
很好，而且很快。A. doubtful 怀疑的；B. supportive 支持的；C. enthusiastic 热情的；D. pessimistic 悲观的。
根据下文的“but she decided to follow her doctor’s advice”可知，她决定听从医生的建议，结合but 可知，此
处指的是起初她对建议持“怀疑”态度，符合逻辑。故选A 项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅仅是待在户外就缓解了她的焦虑。A. released 缓解；B. worsened 恶化；
C. caused 引起；D. expressed 表达。根据上文的“and was surprised to discover how well — and quickly — it
worked.”可知，她发现效果很好，由此可知，接触自然“缓解”了焦虑，符合语境。故选A 项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，当她的一位教授建议她参加一门名为“自然沉浸与人类福祉”的暑
期课程时，她欣然接受了这个机会。A. offer 提供；B. teach 教授；C. attend 参加；D. design 设计。根据下
文的“a summer course”以及“For one week at Colorado State University’s mountain campus, she experienced
all kinds of healing through ___13___ in nature, from hiking to swimming to climbing trees to sitting around the
campfire.”可知，此处介绍了上课的情况，由此可知，此处指的是教授建议她“参加”课程，attend a course
意为“参加课程”为固定搭配。故选C 项。
12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. turned down 拒绝；B. jumped at 欣然接受；C. missed out 错过；D.
fought for 争取。根据下文的“she experienced all kinds of healing through ___13___ in nature, from hiking to
swimming to climbing trees to sitting around the campfire.”可知，她体验到了各种治愈的课程，由此可知，此
处指的是她“欣然接受”了课程机会。故选B 项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在科罗拉多州立大学的山区校区，她通过在大自然中的各种活动体验了各
种治愈，从徒步旅行到游泳，再到爬树，再到围坐在营火旁。A. objects 物体；B. systems 系统；C. patterns
模式；D. activities 活动。根据下文的“from hiking to swimming to climbing trees to sitting around the
campfire.”可知，这些均为“活动”。故选D 项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我不仅了解到自然可以治愈身心问题，还了解到它是如何以及为什么起
作用的，”她说，“那一周改变了我的生活。感觉很神奇。”A. test 测试；B. source 来源；C. cure 治愈；
D. response 回应。根据上文的“For one week at Colorado State University’s mountain campus, she experienced
all kinds of healing”可知，自然是身心问题的“治愈”方式。故选C 项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. jaw-dropping 令人震惊的；B. life-changing 改变生活的；C. eye-
catching 引人注目的；D. time-consuming 耗时的。根据下文的“It felt magical.”及课程对她的影响可知，这
一周是“改变生活的”，符合语境。故选B 项。
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
（2025·湖北·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Psychologist Zong Min, while pursuing her PhD at Beijing Normal University, led a three-year program to
help students who didn’t want to go to school, an issue increasingly troubling parents. The phenomenon 1
(intensify) during the pandemic due to online learning, and Zong realized the situation was worse than initially 2
(estimate).
Referencing a survey conducted in Guangzhou, she noted that 24.6% of junior high school students and
37.6% of senior high school students exhibited 3 (refuse) to attend school. One 4 (memory)
case involved a 13-year-old boy who excelled 5 (academic) in primary school but began avoiding classes
in junior high.
Drawing on research and personal experience, Zong developed the idea of a program called Xin Niu Dai to
bridge schools, parents, and students, assist them to collectively find solutions to alleviate academic pressure, 6
help children regain their passion for life. Pointing to the rise in reluctance to go to school, Zong emphasized that
the underlying 7 (cause) have grown more complex today, and parents must face the reality 8
not wanting to go to school is a global challenge, 9 hospitals increasingly establishing specialized clinics
for those exhibiting this behavior.
Zong envisions her program 10 (consist) of three sections: helping students discover their
resilience, inspiring teachers to recognize a student’s potential rather than criticizing them, and empowering parents
to better protect their child’s mental health. Plans include educational leaflets and an AI app for emotional support.
【答案】
1．intensified 2．estimated 3．refusal 4．memorable 5．academically 6．and 7．
causes 8．that 9．with 10．consisting
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了北京师范大学心理学家宗敏领导的一个项目，该项目旨在帮助
那些难以上学的学生。
1．考查一般过去时。句意：疫情期间，由于在线学习，这种现象加剧，宗意识到情况比最初估计的要糟
糕。根据时间状语“during the pandemic”可知此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，故填
intensified。
2．考查固定短语。句意：同上。…than estimated“比预估的要更……”，固定短语，故填estimated。
3．考查名词。句意：她引用了在广州进行的一项调查，指出24.6%的初中生和37.6%的高中生表现出拒绝
上学的行为。空处应填名词作宾语，refusal“拒绝”，不可数名词，故填refusal。
4．考查形容词。句意：一个令人难忘的案例涉及一个13 岁的男孩，他在小学学习成绩优异，但在初中开
始逃课。空处修饰名词case，应填形容词作定语，故填memorable。
5．考查副词。句意：同上。空处修饰动词excelled，应填副词作状语，故填academically。
6．考查连词。句意：根据研究和个人经历，Zong 提出了一个名为“Xin Niu Dai”的项目的想法，旨在弥合
学校、家长和学生之间的桥梁，帮助他们共同寻找缓解学业压力的解决方案，帮助孩子们重拾对生活的热
情。bridge、assist 和help 是并列的关系，使用and 连接，故填and。
7．考查名词复数。句意：针对不愿上学现象的增加，宗强调，潜在的原因在今天变得更加复杂，家长必
须面对这样一个现实，即不愿上学是一个全球性的挑战，越来越多的医院为有这种行为的人建立了专门的
诊所。空处是宾语从句的主语，结合空后的have 可知应用名词复数作主语，故填causes。
8．考查同位语从句。句意：同上。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明reality 的内容，从句结构、意义完整，
应用that 引导，故填that。
9．考查介词。句意：同上。此处是with 的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”作状语，故填with。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：宗设想她的项目由三个部分组成：帮助学生发现他们的韧性，激励老师认识
学生的潜力而不是批评他们，以及让父母更好地保护孩子的心理健康。envision sb/sth doing sth“设想某
人/某物做某事”，故填consisting。
（2025·湖南郴州·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，
并将答案转写到答题卡上。
One morning, I was at the bus stop, worried about being late for school. There were many people 1
(wait) at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and 2 (disappoint). When the bus came, we
all hurried to get 3 it. I got a place next to the window, so I had 4 good view of the sidewalk. A
boy 5 was riding a bike caught my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a
passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 6 (stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the
boy kept riding. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.
7 (final), when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an exciting
conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the
bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s me.” She pushed her way to the driver and 8 (take) the suitcase thankfully.
Five others on the bus began talking about 9 the boy had done and the crowd of 10 (stranger)
suddenly became friendly to one another.
【答案】
1．waiting 2．disappointed 3．on 4．a 5．who/that 6．to stop 7．Finally 8．took
9．what 10．strangers
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个男孩骑着自行车追赶公共汽车，给丢了手提箱的人送手提箱的
故事。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：有很多人在公共汽车站等车，其中一些人看起来很焦虑和失望。wait 和people
之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作定语，故填waiting。
2．考查形容词。句意：同上。空处应填形容词作表语，主语some of them 指人，使用形容词
disappointed，故填disappointed。
3．考查介词。句意：公共汽车来了，我们都急忙上车。根据“When the bus came”可知此处指“上车”，
使用动词短语get on，故填on。
4．考查冠词。句意：我找了个靠窗的地方，所以我能很好地看到人行道。have a good view of“清楚地看
到”，故填a。
5．考查定语从句。句意：一个骑自行车的男孩引起了我的注意。空处引导定语从句，先行词是boy，指人，
关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that 引导，故填who/that。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：我听到我后面的一位乘客对司机大喊大叫，但他拒绝停车，直到我们到达下
一站。refuse to do“拒绝做”，故填to stop。
7．考查副词。句意：最后，当我们到达下一站时，男孩跑上了车门。空处作状语修饰整个句子，应填副
词形式，首字母应大写，故填Finally。
8．考查一般过去时。句意：她挤到司机身边，感激地接过手提箱。空处和pushed 并列，应用动词过去式，
故填took。
9．考查宾语从句。句意：公共汽车上的其他五个人开始谈论这个男孩所做的事情，这群陌生人突然变得
彼此友好起来。空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what 引导，故填
what。
10．考查名词复数。句意：同上。stranger 是可数名词，由“the crowd of”可知应用复数形式，故填
strangers。
03 高考溯源练
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she
didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of
2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of
increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida.
“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature
to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways
but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without
plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there
was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of
surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice
medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to
plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,”
Detrinidad says.
1．How was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A．It faced tough competition.
B．It suffered a great loss.
C．It got lots of financial support.
D．It went surprisingly well.
2．What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants?
A．They appeal more to students.
B．They purify the environment.
C．They raise the cortisol level.
D．They enhance productivity.
3．What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers?
A．The necessity of social skills.
B．The meaning of sustainability.
C．The importance of repeated efforts.
D．The value of professional opinions.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Time to Replace Houseplants
B．Plants Boost Your Mood
C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D．Plants Brighten Your Home
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad 的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理
健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she
didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of
2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad 开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相
反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020 年6 月就寄出了1200 份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad 刚开始开网店卖
室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students
who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.
Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich
workplaces.”(Knuth 表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种
效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低
了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth 的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中
生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should
allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be
invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad 说：“医生需要不断
实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐
心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad 通过类比医生
和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。
由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad 的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过
Knuth 的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文
核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最
能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang,
China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the
mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist.
Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never
imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a
new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve
experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6
(be) one of them. Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying
me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after
sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8
(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air.
If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day,
well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
【答案】
1．where 2．central 3．for 4．and 5．myself 6．is 7．to discover 8．absence
9．afternoons 10．left
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。
1．考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野
生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the
countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where 引导。故填
where。
2．考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填
central。
3．考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到
这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填
for。
4．考查连词。句意：但令人惊讶的是，你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt 和learn 是并列关系，应
用连词and 连接。故填and。
5．考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表
示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。
6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，
时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 为第三人称单数，be 动词用
is。故填is。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有
机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语
used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover 的不定式，作定语。故填
to discover。
8．查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、
空气新鲜。本空作thanks to 的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。
9．考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很
多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填
afternoons。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味
道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet
or shirt 和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）假定你是李华，你班的英语报要增设一个栏目。外教 Jenny 提出“Fun at my
school”和“Guess who I am”两个选项供大家选择。请给Jenny 写一封邮件，内容包括：
(1)你的选择；
(2)说明理由。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80 个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jenny,
I really like the idea of adding a new column to our English newspaper.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Jenny,
I really like the idea of adding a new column to our English newspaper. I’m writing to express that my
predilection goes to “Guess who I am”, which capitalizes on an object clause to signal its potential contents.
The column will serve as a catalyst for closer bonds between students. Redoubling efforts to boost academic
performance, we pay little heed to other classmates’ personalities, hobbies, strengths, and even aspirations. Such an
inviting column, adopting a “description and guess” approach, must expose everyone to others’ characteristics, thus
strengthening mutual understanding. More importantly, more friendships will be forged, since the column enables
us to befriend someone on the same wavelength.
This eye-catching column, I’m firmly convinced, won’t fail to grant the whole class a harmonious
atmosphere.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就外教Jenny 提出的校英文报增设一个栏目，在“Fun at my
school”和“Guess who I am”两个选项中给出自己的推荐，并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
表达：express → convey
利用：capitalize on → use
担当：serve as → act as
注意：pay heed to → take notice of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Such an inviting column, adopting a “description and guess” approach, must expose everyone to others’
characteristics, thus strengthening mutual understanding.
拓展句：Such an inviting column, which adopts a “description and guess” approach, must expose everyone to
others’ characteristics, thus strengthening mutual understanding.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m writing to express that my predilection goes to “Guess who I am”, which capitalizes
on an object clause to signal its potential contents.（运用了that 引导的宾语从句，which 引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】More importantly, more friendships will be forged, since the column enables us to befriend
someone on the same wavelength.（运用了since 引导的状语从句）
