专题01 教材词汇（上）
目录
教材必记词汇清单
教材词汇易错点专项突破
教材词汇临考抢分技巧
教材词汇必练题型
教材词汇综合小测
教材必记词汇清单
一、核心动词
survive
考点：及物动词！survive the accident（在事故中幸存）。
command
考点：command that... (should) do（命令…）；have a good command of（精通）。
deserve
考点：deserve to do / deserve doing（= deserve to be done）。
focus
考点：focus on = concentrate on。
concern
考点：be concerned about（关心）；as far as...be concerned（就…而言）。
pretend
考点：pretend to do / pretend to be doing / pretend to have done。
persuade
考点：persuade sb. to do（说服成功）；区分 try to persuade（试图说服）。
insist
考点：insist on doing；insist that...（坚持主张用 should do；坚持事实用陈述语气）。
lie (v.)
易错点：
躺；位于：lie — lay — lain — lying
说谎：lie — lied — lied — lying
放置；下蛋：lay — laid — laid — laying
二、 核心名词
access
考点：have/get access to（有机会使用/进入）。
attitude
考点：attitude to/towards（对…的态度）。
balance
考点：keep/lose the balance（保持/失去平衡）。
patience (n.)
考点：have patience with（对…有耐心）；形容词：patient。
phenomenon
考点：复数 phenomena（常考单复数一致性）。
scene / view / sight / scenery
辨析：
scene：（戏剧）场景；事件现场；风景（包含人与活动）。
view：（从某处看到的）景色。
sight：视力；看见的事物（名胜）。
scenery：（地区整体的）自然风景（不可数）。
三、 核心形容词/副词
available
考点：常作后置定语，The manager is not available now.（经理现在没空）。
particular
考点：be particular about（对…挑剔）；in particular（尤其）。
anxious
考点：be anxious about（担忧）；be anxious to do（渴望做）。
entire / whole
考点：强调“整个的，全部的”，常可互换。
previous (adj.)
考点：previous to（在…之前）= before。
absolutely (adv.)
考点：用于加强语气，absolutely necessary（绝对必要）。
四、 熟词生义
develop
熟义：发展。
生义：患（病） develop a disease；冲洗（照片） develop a film。
employ
熟义：雇佣。
生义：使用（方法、时间等） employ a new method。
attend
熟义：出席（attend a meeting）。
生义：照料；处理 attend to the patient/customer。
appreciate
熟义：欣赏；感激。
生义：理解；领会 I appreciate the difficulty.（我理解其中的困难。）
term
熟义：学期；术语。
生义：关系 be on good terms with（与…关系好）。
五、 高频核心短语
break down （机器）故障；（身体）垮掉；分解。
come across 偶然遇见。
put up with 忍受。
in terms of 就…而言。
make sense 讲得通；有意义。
due to 由于（多作表语或状语）。
rather than 而不是（连接平行结构）。
教材词汇易错点专项突破
一、易混淆词对比解析
1. 拼写相近易混词
affect/effect
affect (v.) 影响：The weather affects my mood.
effect (n.) 效果：The medicine has side effects.
principal/principle
principal (n./adj.) 校长；主要的：Our principal will give a speech.
principle (n.) 原则：He sticks to his principles.
quite/quiet
quite (adv.) 相当：It's quite difficult.
quiet (adj.) 安静的：Keep quiet in the library.
2. 词性变化易错词
advise/advice
advise (v.) 建议：I advise you to study hard.
advice (n.) 建议（不可数）：Give me some advice.
practise/practice
practise (v.) 练习：I practise English every day.
practice (n.) 练习：Practice makes perfect.
二、重点单词辨析
addict/addicted/addiction
addict (n.) 上瘾者：a drug addict
addicted (adj.) 上瘾的：be addicted to games
addiction (n.) 瘾：internet addiction
beneficial/benefit
beneficial (adj.) 有益的：Exercise is beneficial to health.
benefit (n./v.) 好处；受益：benefit from reading
various/variety
various (adj.) 各种各样的：various reasons
variety (n.) 多样：a variety of flowers
三、常用词组搭配
break 相关短语
break down (机器)故障；(人)崩溃
break out (战争、火灾)爆发
break up 分手；解散
break in 闯入
look 相关短语
look forward to doing (易错：误用为to do)
look after 照顾
look into 调查
look up to 尊敬
四、同义词辨析
damage/destroy/ruin
damage 部分损坏（可修复）
destroy 彻底毁坏
ruin 毁掉（多指抽象事物）
happen/take place/occur
happen 偶然发生
take place 按计划发生
occur 较正式用语
形近词记忆口诀
"dessert"比"desert"多一个"s"
因为甜品(dessert)更甜(sweeter)
所以多一个"s"
五、常考固定搭配
have difficulty (in) doing (易漏掉in)
be worth doing (不用被动形式)
be used to doing (习惯于) vs used to do (过去常常)
教材词汇临考抢分技巧
一、考前最后三天行动清单
黄金法则：不贪多，只记高频易错点
第1 天：快速过一遍最常考的50 组形近/义近词
第2 天：重点攻克动词短语和固定搭配
第3 天：专攻写作高频词汇和常见拼写错误
二、选择题抢分必杀技
1. 词义辨析题：三步锁定答案
例题：It's ______ to believe that he finished the task in only one hour.
A. hardly B. hard C. barely D. nearly
解题步骤：
看搭配：It's + adj. + to do（固定结构）
筛词性：hardly/barely/nearly 是副词，只有hard 可作形容词
定答案：选B (hard)
口诀：先看结构，再看词性，最后词义
2. 高频陷阱词
affect/effect：考到概率70%，记住“A 影响，E 效果”
lie/lay：直接背“躺lie-lay-lain，放lay-laid-laid”
advise/advice：v.s/n.，“s 像蛇，动词要行动；c 像月亮，名词静悄悄”
三、完形填空词汇线索法
语境三看原则
看上文：前两句话定基调
看搭配：介词是重要线索（look ____ → for/at/after?）
看复现：同词重现或同义替换
实战技巧：
遇到不确定的，先在旁边标个问号，做完通读时再判断
实在选不出，用“代入法”每个选项读一遍，选最顺口的
四、写作词汇抢分策略
安全提分三招
1. 基础词升级
good → positive/beneficial
bad → negative/harmful
many → a variety of/numerous
I think → From my perspective/It seems to me that
2. 连词必须正确
表因果：therefore, as a result
表转折：however, nevertheless
表递进：furthermore, in addition
3. 考前背熟3 个“万能高级句式”
It is widely acknowledged that...
①
（众所周知）
There is no denying that...
②
（不可否认）
Only in this way can we...
③
（倒装句，提分利器）
教材词汇必练题型
一、词义辨析选择题
题型1：单句语境辨析
It's not ______ for parents to pay for everything their children want.
A. necessary B. essential C. vital D. practical
解析：考查“必要的”同义词辨析。practical“实际的，实用的”最合语境。
After the earthquake, the whole community ______ to help the victims.
A. came up B. came out C. came together D. came across
解析：考查come 短语。come together“团结起来”符合语境。
题型2：对话情境辨析
— I'm thinking of going to the mountains for the holiday.
— ______! The scenery there is amazing.
A. Congratulations B. Good luck C. Sounds great D. Never mind
解析：考查情景反应。Sounds great“听起来很棒”最自然。
二、完形填空词汇专项
When I first entered senior high, I felt very lonely. I had difficulty 1 friends because I was too
shy. My teacher advised me to 2 in more class activities. At first, I was 3 that I would make a
fool of myself. But to my surprise, when I 4 took part in a group discussion, I found many
classmates shared similar interests with me.
1.A. making B. keeping C. meeting D. finding
2.A. join B. attend C. participate D. enter
3.A. afraid B. eager C. proud D. confident
4.A. finally B. immediately C. suddenly D. recently
解析：
1.A (make friends 固定搭配)
2.C (participate in 最正式)
3.A (根据shy 推断“害怕”)
4.A (finally 体现过程)
三、语法填空词汇变形题
题型1：词性转换
Regular exercise has a positive ______ (affect) on both physical and mental health.
答案：effect。考查affect/effect 区分，此处需名词。
The ______ (develop) of artificial intelligence is changing our lives.
答案：development。动词develop→名词development。
题型2：派生词填空
It is ______ (legal) to drive without a license.
答案：illegal。根据语境需要否定含义，legal→illegal。
She accepted the invitation with great ______ (enthusiastic).
答案：enthusiasm。形容词→名词，with great enthusiasm。
四、单词拼写题
根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词：
He has a ______ (积极的) attitude towards life. positive
The medicine has some side e______. effects
We should r______ our friends and teachers. respect
The company o______ me a good job. offered
It's important to keep a b______ between work and rest. balance
五、短语搭配选择题
The meeting has been ______ until next Friday.
A. put off B. put up C. put out D. put away
答案：A。put off“推迟”。
When the fire ______, everyone rushed to the exits.
A. broke out B. broke down C. broke up D. broke in
答案：A。break out“(火灾、战争)爆发”。
六、词汇运用综合题
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或所给单词的正确形式：
Addiction to smartphones has become a serious problem among teenagers. Many students are so 1
(addict) to their phones that they can't focus on their studies. This not only 2 (affect) their
academic performance but also harms their eyesight. Parents and teachers should work together to
help students develop healthy habits. For example, they can encourage students to 3 (participate)
in outdoor activities instead of staring at screens all day. Only in this way can we prevent the
situation from getting 4 (bad).
答案：
1.addicted (be addicted to 固定搭配)
2.affects (主语many students 是复数，但this 指代前面整件事，单数)
3.participate (encourage sb to do)
4.worse (get worse“变得更糟”)
七、写作词汇升级练习
将下列基础表达升级为高级表达：
原句：We should protect the environment.
升级：It is essential that we take measures to protect the environment.
原句：Many people like to use smartphones.
升级：A growing number of people are addicted to using smartphones.
原句：This is good for our health.
升级：This is beneficial to our physical and mental well-being.
教材词汇综合小测
单句语法填空
1.He suggested that we ______ (go) for a walk after dinner.
答案：go
解析：suggest 表示"建议"时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即"(should) + 动词原形"，
should 可省略。
2.It is important for us ______ (learn) a foreign language.
答案：to learn
解析：It is important for sb to do sth 是固定句型，it 作形式主语，不定式作真正主语。
3.The teacher told us that light ______ (travel) faster than sound.
答案：travels
解析：宾语从句中表述客观真理，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
4.I look forward to ______ (hear) from you soon.
答案：hearing
解析：look forward to 中的to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。
5.She is considering ______ (change) her job because she is not satisfied with the salary.
答案：changing
解析：consider 后接动名词作宾语，意为"考虑做某事"。
6.The boy was made ______ (clean) his room before going out.
答案：to clean
解析：make 在主动语态中接省略to 的不定式，但在被动语态中要加上to。
7.If I ______ (be) you, I would take the job.
答案：were
解析：虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，if 从句用过去式（be 动词用were）。
8.The film ______ (direct) by Zhang Yimou is very popular.
答案：directed
解析：此处需要非谓语动词作定语，film 与direct 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
9.He is the only one of the students who ______ (have) passed the exam.
答案：has
解析：当先行词被the only 修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词与先行词one 保持一致，用单数。
10.Not only the students but also the teacher ______ (be) interested in the activity.
答案：is
解析：not only...but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循"就近原则"，与the teacher 保持一
致，用单数。
11.The number of people invited ______ (be) 50, but a number of them ______ (be) absent.
答案：was; were
解析：the number of 表示"……的数量"，作主语时谓语用单数；a number of 表示"许多"，作
主语时谓语用复数。
12.It was in the park ______ I met my old friend yesterday.
答案：that
解析：强调句型It is/was...that，此处强调地点状语in the park。
13.She is used to ______ (get) up early in the morning.
答案：getting
解析：be used to 表示"习惯于"，to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。
14.This is the house ______ we lived last year.
答案：where
解析：定语从句，先行词是house，从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。
15.The harder you work, the ______ (good) result you will get.
答案：better
解析：the more...the more...结构，表示"越……越……"，good 的比较级是better。
16.He spoke so quickly that I could hardly understand ______ (he).
答案：him
解析：understand 是动词，后接宾语，故用宾格him。
17.My mother asked me if I ______ (finish) my homework.
答案：had finished
解析：主句谓语asked 是过去时，宾语从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，故用过去完成时。
18.It's high time that we ______ (take) action to protect the environment.
答案：took/should take
解析：It's high time that...从句中用过去式或should+动词原形，表示"早该做某事了"。
19.I prefer staying at home to ______ (go) out on weekends.
答案：going
解析：prefer...to...中to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。
20.The book is worth ______ (read) again.
答案：reading
解析：be worth doing 表示"值得做"，主动形式表被动含义。
21.______ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
答案：Seen
解析：非谓语动词作状语，the city 与see 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
22.She is very ______ (experience) in teaching English.
答案：experienced
解析：experienced 是形容词，意为"有经验的"。
23.It is no use ______ (cry) over spilt milk.
答案：crying
解析：It is no use doing sth 是固定句型，意为"做某事没有用"。
24.He came into the room, ______ (follow) by his dog.
答案：followed
解析：非谓语动词作状语，he 与follow 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
25.I have two brothers, and ______ of them are engineers.
答案：both
解析：根据two brothers 和are，可知两者都，用both。
26.The news ______ (be) very exciting.
答案：is
解析：news 是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
27.He is such a ______ (rely) person that we all trust him.
答案：reliable
解析：形容词修饰名词person，rely 的形容词是reliable。
28.The teacher, as well as his students, ______ (be) going to the museum.
答案：is
解析：主语是the teacher，as well as his students 是附加成分，谓语动词与the teacher 保持一
致，用单数。
29.I will never forget the days ______ we spent together.
答案：that/which
解析：定语从句，先行词是days，从句中spent 是及物动词，缺少宾语，故用关系代词that
或which。
30.It is the first time that I ______ (visit) the Great Wall.
答案：have visited
解析：在It is the first time that...句型中，从句用现在完成时。
31.He is taller than ______ (any) other student in his class.
答案：any
解析：比较级与any other 连用，表示"比任何其他……都"，用于同一范围。
32.The room needs ______ (clean) before we move in.
答案：cleaning/to be cleaned
解析：need doing=need to be done，表示"需要被做"。
33.I have no idea ______ he will come back.
答案：when
解析：同位语从句，解释idea 的内容，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when。
34.The baby is sleeping. Would you mind ______ (turn) down the radio?
答案：turning
解析：mind 后接动名词作宾语。
35.He was so angry that he left without ______ (say) a word.
答案：saying
解析：without 是介词，后接名词或动名词。
36.She is the girl ______ voice sounds sweet.
答案：whose
解析：定语从句，先行词是girl，从句中voice 前需要定语，表示"女孩的嗓音"，故用关系
代词whose。
37.It is said that the conference ______ (hold) next month.
答案：will be held
解析：that 从句主语the conference 与hold 之间是被动关系，且next month 表示将来，故用
一般将来时的被动语态。
38.I'd rather you ______ (not tell) him the news.
答案：didn't tell
解析：would rather 后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气，表示现在或将来用过去式。
39.The poor ______ (be) in need of help.
答案：are
解析：the poor 表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。
40.He got up early so that he ______ (catch) the first bus.
答案：could catch
解析：so that 引导目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词can/could 等。
41.______ (compare) with yours, my composition is not good enough.
答案：Compared
解析：非谓语动词作状语，my composition 与compare 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。
42.I have never seen such a ______ (beauty) sunset.
答案：beautiful
解析：形容词修饰名词sunset，beauty 的形容词是beautiful。
43.He is not only a writer but also ______ actor.
答案：an
解析：not only...but also...连接两个并列成分，actor 是单数可数名词，需加冠词an。
44.She was so tired that she fell ______ (sleep) quickly.
答案：asleep
解析：fall asleep 是固定短语，意为"入睡"。
45.It is necessary that we ______ (study) hard.
答案：(should) study
解析：It is necessary that...从句中常用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形。
46.He has been working here since he ______ (graduate) from college.
答案：graduated
解析：since 引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。
47.The question is ______ we can finish the work on time.
答案：whether/if
解析：表语从句，意为"问题是我们是否能按时完成工作"，表示"是否"用whether 或if。
48.He is too young ______ (go) to school.
答案：to go
解析：too...to...结构，意为"太……而不能……"。
49.He avoided ______ (answer) my question.
答案：answering
解析：avoid 后接动名词作宾语。
50.The weather here is quite different from ______ in my hometown.
答案：that
解析：比较状语从句中，用that 指代不可数名词weather，以避免重复。
语篇填空（10 篇）
说明：阅读短文，根据上下文填入适当的单词，每空一词。注意词的形式变化。
第一篇：A Letter to a Friend（必修一Unit 1 Friendship 改编）
Dear Amy,
I am writing to tell you about my new school. I have been here for two months and I am slowly
getting used ______ (1) the life here. The teachers are very helpful and the students are friendly.
______ (2), I still feel a bit lonely sometimes because I haven't made many friends. I am a shy
person and I find ______ (3) difficult to start a conversation with strangers. I often miss my old
friends and the fun we had together. I hope I can overcome my shyness and make new friends
soon. How are you ______ (4)? I look forward to ______ (5) from you. Please write ______ (6)
me soon and tell me about your life. I am sure we will keep ______ (7) touch with each other. Best
______ (8) to your family.
Yours,
Linda
答案：1.to 2. However 3. it 4. doing 5. hearing 6. to 7. in 8. wishes
第二篇：The Internet（必修二Unit 3 Computers 改编）
The Internet has become an ______ (1) part of our daily life. It ______ (2) us with a ______ (3) of
information and makes ______ (4) much easier. However, there are also some ______ (5). For
example, some people spend too much time online and ______ (6) their work or study. ______
(7), personal information may be ______ (8) if we are not careful. ______ (9), we should learn to
use the Internet ______ (10) and safely.
答案：1.essential 2. provides 3. wealth 4. communication 5. disadvantages 6. neglect 7. Moreover
8. stolen 9. Therefore 10. wisely
第三篇：Healthy Eating（必修三Unit 2 Healthy eating 改编）
Healthy eating is important for our body. We should eat a ______ (1) of foods to get all the
______ (2) we need. Fruits and vegetables are ______ (3) in vitamins and minerals. They help us
stay healthy and ______ (4) diseases. ______ (5) the other hand, too much fat and sugar can
______ (6) to obesity and other health problems. ______ (7), it is necessary to have a ______ (8)
diet.
答案：1.variety 2. nutrients 3. rich 4. prevent 5. On 6. lead 7. Therefore 8. balanced
第四篇：Traveling（必修一Unit 3 Travel journal 改编）
Traveling is a good way to ______ (1) and learn about different ______ (2). When we travel, we
can see beautiful ______ (3) and meet interesting people. However, traveling can also be ______
(4) and ______ (5). To ______ (6) money, we can ______ (7) our trip carefully and choose cheap
______ (8). ______ (9) addition, we should ______ (10) local customs and protect the
environment.
答案：1.relax 2. cultures 3. scenery 4. tiring 5. expensive 6. save 7. plan 8. accommodations 9. In
10. respect
第五篇：Environment Protection（必修三Unit 4 Astronomy 改编）
Our environment is ______ (1) serious problems, such as ______ (2) and ______ (3) warming. It
is our ______ (4) to protect the earth. We can start by saving energy and ______ (5) waste. ______
(6) example, we should ______ (7) off lights when we leave a room and ______ (8) paper, plastic
and glass. If everyone makes a small ______ (9), we can make a big ______ (10).
答案：1.facing 2. pollution 3. global 4. duty 5. reducing 6. For 7. turn 8. recycle 9. effort 10.
difference
第六篇：Music（必修二Unit 5 Music 改编）
Music is a ______ (1) language that can ______ (2) people together. It can ______ (3) emotions
that words cannot ______ (4). Listening to music can make us feel happy or ______ (5). Some
people even learn to play musical ______ (6). ______ (7) you are a ______ (8) or a player, music
can ______ (9) your life.
答案：1.universal 2. bring 3. express 4. describe 5. relaxed 6. instruments 7. Whether 8. listener
9. enrich
第七篇：Festivals（必修三Unit 1 Festivals around the world 改编）
Festivals are an ______ (1) part of culture. They have different ______ (2) and ______ (3). For
example, the Spring Festival in China is a time for family ______ (4). People clean their houses,
______ (5) them with red paper cuts, and have a big dinner on New Year's ______ (6). ______ (7)
the festival, children ______ (8) lucky money in red ______ (9).
答案：1.important 2. origins 3. customs 4. reunions 5. decorate 6. Eve 7. During 8. receive 9.
envelopes
第八篇：Sports（必修一Unit 2 English around the world 改编）
Sports are ______ (1) all over the world. They help people stay healthy and ______ (2) team
______ (3). Some sports, like basketball and football, are ______ (4) by millions of people. The
Olympic Games are the biggest sports ______ (5), which ______ (6) athletes from different
countries together. ______ (7) in sports is not only good for ______ (8) health but also for ______
(9) health.
答案：1.popular 2. build 3. spirit 4. played 5. event 6. brings 7. Participating 8. physical 9. mental
第九篇：Education（必修二Unit 4 Wildlife protection 改编）
Education ______ (1) a key role in personal ______ (2). It ______ (3) us with knowledge and
______ (4) needed for the ______ (5). In school, we learn not only from ______ (6) but also from
each other. Teachers ______ (7) us and ______ (8) us to ______ (9) the world. A good education
can open up many ______ (10).
答案：1.plays 2. development 3. provides 4. skills 5. future 6. textbooks 7. guide 8. inspire 9.
explore 10. opportunities
第十篇：Technology（必修三Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note 改编）
Technology has ______ (1) our lives greatly. For ______ (2), smartphones ______ (3) us to
______ (4) with others anytime and anywhere. ______ (5), we should not ______ (6) too much on
technology. We need to have ______ (7)-to-face communication and ______ (8) time with our
family and friends. Technology is a ______ (9), but it cannot ______ (10) human relationships.
答案：1.changed 2. instance 3. allow 4. communicate 5. However 6. depend 7. face 8. spend 9.
tool 10. replace
