专题09 人与自然（自然生态）
目录
01 场景语料导入...................................................................................................................................1
02 核心词汇清单...................................................................................................................................2
03 题型融合训练...................................................................................................................................4
04 高考真题导航...................................................................................................................................6
05 高考模拟助力...................................................................................................................................9
整合全球生态保护报告、《中国环境报》2025 年11 月《让自然重焕生机》及国内外生
态保护典型案例。
（难度：中 建议阅读时间：8 分钟）
In an era of growing environmental challenges, the bond between humans and nature has never been more
crucial. For 20-year-old Leo, a biology student with a deep love for wildlife, this connection became a driving
force to turn passion into action. What started as a campus research project on local bird habitats soon evolved
into a journey of advocating for ecological protection and bridging the gap between human development and
natural balance.
Leo's dedication to nature began in his childhood. During family trips to rural wetlands, he witnessed the
gradual disappearance of water birds due to habitat destruction and pollution. As he grew older, he noticed more
alarming changes: rivers once clear were now murky with waste, and forests that had been home to diverse
species were being cut down for construction. Unlike some who viewed environmental issues as too large to
tackle, Leo saw every small action as a step toward change. He volunteered with local environmental
organizations, participating in tree-planting campaigns, cleaning up wetland areas, and conducting surveys on
endangered species. He also studied international cases of ecological restoration, learning how community-led
projects and scientific management could revive damaged ecosystems.
Later, Leo joined a national youth ecological innovation competition themed "Coexist with Nature." The
task was to design practical solutions to address local environmental problems. His team, consisting of students
majoring in biology, environmental science, and engineering, had intense discussions—some advocated for
large-scale restoration projects, while others emphasized the importance of public awareness and daily
01 场景语料导入
conservation. Leo proposed a comprehensive approach: establishing a community-based ecological protection
system that combined habitat restoration with educational programs. The plan included creating a local wildlife
sanctuary, developing a mobile app to track regional ecological data, and organizing regular workshops to teach
residents about sustainable living. Leo took charge of the field research, surveying local ecosystems to ensure
the solutions were tailored to the area's specific needs. Their project won the second prize, and a local
environmental protection association partnered with them to implement the plan, bringing positive changes to
the regional ecology.
Through his efforts in ecological protection, Leo has grown into a more responsible, resilient, and far-
sighted young adult. He has realized that protecting nature is not just about preserving wild places, but about
fostering a harmonious relationship between humans and the planet. As an environmental scientist told him,
"Nature is not a resource to be exploited, but a partner to coexist with—when we protect it with dedication, we
are not just saving wildlife and ecosystems, but safeguarding a livable future for ourselves and generations to
come." Today, Leo continues to promote ecological protection, shares his experiences at youth forums, and
proves that every individual's effort can make a difference in building a sustainable world where humans and
nature thrive together.（462 词）
(一)核心概念类（自然生态相关）
词汇/短语
词性
中文释义
语境原句摘录
教学重点（学生需掌握）
ecological
protection
名词
短语
生态保护
advocating for ecological
protection and bridging
the gap between human
development and natural
balance
1. 同义表达：ecological conservation；2. 场
景拓展：environmental protection（环境保
护）、ecological restoration（生态修复）
sustainable
living
名词
短语
可持续生
活
organizing regular
workshops to teach
residents about
sustainable living
1. 常见搭配：promote sustainable living（推
广可持续生活）、practice sustainable living
（践行可持续生活）；2. 拓展：sustainable
development（可持续发展）、eco-friendly
lifestyle（环保生活方式）
habitat
destruction
名词
短语
栖息地破
坏
he witnessed the gradual
disappearance of water
birds due to habitat
destruction and pollution
1. 核心搭配：prevent habitat destruction（防
止栖息地破坏）、reverse habitat destruction
（扭转栖息地破坏）；2. 拓展：habitat
preservation（栖息地保护）、natural habitat
（自然栖息地）
(二) 行为动作类（生态保护与修复相关）
词汇/短语
词性
中文释义
语境原句摘录
教学重点（语法+应用）
02 核心词汇清单
restore
动词
恢复；修
复
learning how community-
led projects and scientific
management could revive
damaged ecosystems
1. 同义替换：revive、rehabilitate；2. 场
景应用：生态修复、环境治理等语境，
常用搭配“restore + 生态系统/栖息地”
advocate for
动词
短语
倡导；支
持
Leo continues to promote
ecological protection,
shares his experiences at
youth forums
1. 同义表达：promote、champion；2. 用
法：advocate for sth.（倡导某事），
advocate doing sth.（倡导做某事）
coexist with
动词
短语
与……共
存
designing practical
solutions to address local
environmental problems
and coexist with nature
1. 同义表达：live in harmony with；2. 场
景拓展：coexist with wildlife（与野生动
物共存）、coexist with nature（与自然共
存）
implement
动词
实施；执
行
a local environmental
protection association
partnered with them to
implement the plan
1. 词形变化：implementation（名词，实
施）；2. 常见搭配：implement policies
（实施政策）、implement projects（执
行项目）
(三)观点态度类（生态认知与评价相关）
词汇 / 短
语
词性
中文释义
语境原句摘录
立场倾向
教学重点（情感色彩 + 句型）
eco-friendly
形容
词
环保的；
对生态友
好的
developing a mobile
app to track regional
ecological data and
promote eco-friendly
lifestyle
褒义
1. 同义表达：environmentally
friendly、green；2. 句型：sth. is
eco-friendly to the environment（某
物对环境友好）
destructive
形容
词
破坏性
的；有害
的
habitat destruction
and pollution have a
destructive impact on
wildlife
贬义
1. 反义词：constructive（建设性
的）、protective（保护性的）；2.
句型：sth. is destructive to sth.（某
物对某物具有破坏性）
harmonious
形容
词
和谐的
fostering a
harmonious
relationship between
humans and the planet
褒义
1. 同义表达：balanced、
compatible；2. 句型：a harmonious
relationship between A and B（A 与
B 之间的和谐关系）
(四) 情感与成长类（生态意义相关）
词汇 / 短语
词性
中文释义
语境原句摘录
领域
教学重点（拓展 + 应用）
environmental
responsibility
名词
短语
环境责任
grown into a more
responsible, resilient, and
far-sighted young adult
社会
价值
1. 搭配：fulfill environmental
responsibility（履行环境责任）；2.
拓展：corporate environmental
with a strong sense of
environmental
responsibility
responsibility（企业环境责任）
livable future
名词
短语
宜居未来
safeguarding a livable
future for ourselves and
generations to come
发展
价值
1. 搭配：build a livable future（构建
宜居未来）；2. 拓展：livable city
（宜居城市）、sustainable future
（可持续未来）
make a
difference
动词
短语
产生影
响；发挥
作用
every individual's effort
can make a difference in
building a sustainable
world
个人
价值
1. 句型：sb./sth. makes a difference
to sth.（某人/某物对某事产生影
响）；2. 场景应用：环保倡议、公
益行动等语境
（一）阅读理解
细节理解题
1. Why did Leo start to engage in ecological protection?
A. To win a national youth ecological innovation competition
B. To address the environmental problems he observed in daily life
C. To promote large-scale construction projects in rural areas
D. To learn environmental science from famous scientists
2. What did Leo do in his spare time to promote ecological protection?
A. He designed high-tech products for industrial development
B. He participated in tree-planting and wetland cleaning activities
C. He organized large-scale construction of commercial facilities
D. He advocated for overexploitation of natural resources at forums
推理判断题
3. What can we infer from Leo’s proposal in the national youth ecological innovation competition?
A. He believed ecological protection requires joint efforts from communities
B. He thought individual actions are useless in environmental protection
C. He opposed scientific management of natural ecosystems
D. He preferred large-scale projects over public education
4. What does the environmental scientist want to convey?
A. Humans should exploit natural resources to meet development needs
B. Ecological protection is only the responsibility of environmental experts
C. Protecting nature is essential for human survival and future generations
D. Natural ecosystems can recover on their own without human intervention
词义猜测题
03 题型融合训练
5. The underlined word “murky” in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.
A. clear B. polluted C. deep D. cold
主旨大意题
6. What is the main idea of the text?
A. The severe environmental problems caused by human activities
B. How Leo’s team won the national ecological innovation competition
C. Leo’s efforts in promoting ecological protection and harmonious coexistence
D. The differences between ecological restoration and environmental destruction
（二）语法填空
Ecological protection has become an urgent global issue in modern society. Threaten __1__ habitat
destruction, pollution, and climate change, many species are facing the risk of extinction. In recent years, more
and more young people __2__ (devote) themselves to environmental protection, aiming to build a harmonious
relationship between humans and nature. An international youth ecological organization __3__ (found) in 2024
has launched several projects to protect endangered species and restore damaged ecosystems.
When working on these projects, young volunteers often need __4__ (learn) cross-disciplinary knowledge,
such as biology, environmental science, and engineering. Some senior environmental experts __5__ (invite) to
provide guidance and share their experiences with the young team. Last month, the organization’s ecological
restoration project __6__ (carry) out in a rural wetland, and it received positive feedback from local residents
and environmentalists.
The success of the project has inspired more young people to join in. They spent months __7__ (monitor)
the wetland ecosystem and improving the restoration plan according to the actual situation. This experience not
only enhances their environmental awareness but also strengthens their sense of environmental __8__
(responsible). They believe that every individual can make a difference, and everyone deserves __9__ livable
planet. With joint efforts, we can create a sustainable future __10__ humans and nature thrive together.
（三）书面表达
假设你是李华，你校学生会正在举办“守护自然，青年担当”主题征文活动，邀请同学们分享自
己参与生态保护或推广环保理念的经历与感悟。请你根据自己参与社区“绿色家园”环保行动的经历，
写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
1.参与活动的初衷；
2.活动中的具体工作；
3.你的收获与感悟。
注意：1. 词数80-100；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词
数。
Dear Editors,
I’m glad to share my experience of participating in the "Green Home" environmental protection activity in
our community.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
近3 年考查3 次，2025 年新高考II 卷，阅读理解B 篇，文章主要介绍了室内植
物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响；2024 年1 月浙江卷，阅读理解C 篇，文章介绍了一种新
型园艺设计方法——矩阵种植；2023 新高考I 卷，阅读理解B 篇，文章讲述了John Todd 从小就很爱
思考且好学，他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。
1.（2025 新高考II 卷，B 篇）
When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the
opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad
sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion
in the houseplant industry.
“Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People
who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our
environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the
biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body.
“Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without
plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was
a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”
If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding
yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers
practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in
patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says.
28．How was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A．It faced tough competition.
B．It suffered a great loss.
C．It got lots of financial support.
D．It went surprisingly well.
29．What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants?
A．They appeal more to students.
B．They purify the environment.
04 高考真题导航
C．They raise the cortisol level.
D．They enhance productivity.
30．What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers?
A．The necessity of social skills.
B．The meaning of sustainability.
C．The importance of repeated efforts.
D．The value of professional opinions.
31．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Time to Replace Houseplants
B．Plants Boost Your Mood
C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants
D．Plants Brighten Your Home
2.(2024 浙江卷，C 篇)
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix
planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the
designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more
like nature does.
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II
in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used
modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together
above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the
planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.
Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the
sculpture of odd-looking seed heads.
It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with
cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy
the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the
garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens:
fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce
stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.
28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Running out of.
B. Keeping away from.
C. Putting up with.
D. Taking advantage of.
29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced?
A. To control weeds in large gardens.
B. To bring in foreign species of plants.
C. To conserve soil and water resources.
D. To develop low-maintenance parkland.
30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens?
A. Traditional.
B. Odd-looking.
C. Tasteful.
D. Well-protected.
31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?
A. The future of gardening is WILD.
B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS.
C. Matrix gardens need more CARE.
D. Old garden plots work WONDERS.
3.(2023 新高考I 卷，B 篇)
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved
problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes
people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he
constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and
streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these
different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the
sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse — like facility that treated
sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in
Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for
the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these
new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling.
B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He longed to be a doctor.
25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants.
D. To test the eco-machine.
26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
27. What is the basis for John’s work?
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse.
D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
1.（2026 届河北省邢台市名校协作体一模英语试题，C 篇）
05 高考模拟助力
38 students at the University of Michigan set out on a walk. Half of them wound their way through the forest,
while the other half had a walk on the busy streets. A week later, the two groups exchanged routes. Both times,
before they set out and when they returned to campus, the students took a test that challenged their attention and
working memory, where they were given progressively longer strings of numbers to repeat. Walking through town
improved their performance slightly, but walking in nature boosted scores by nearly 20 percent.
“You didn’t even need to like or enjoy the nature walk to get these cognitive (认知的) benefits,” said Marc
Berman, a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. In his new book, “Nature and the Mind”, Dr.
Berman credits the cognitive benefits of nature to “attention restoration theory”, whose basis is that our ability to
focus is a limited resource that gets easily used up, and that being in nature is an effective way to restore it.
One of the most important things about nature, according to attention restoration researchers, is that it involves
a kind of “soft fascination”, meaning it pleases us in a gentle way without being too boring or stimulating. (Think
about watching ocean waves roll in and out, or staring at a field of wildflowers.) Urban environments, by contrast,
are more strongly appealing and demand our careful concentration in a way that exhausts us.
Dr. Berman supposes that one reason nature has this effect on us is its physical properties, particularly its
curved lines and shapes. And the curve of a river or rock formation, or the repeating patterns of snow, may be easier
for our brains to process than the straight edges of a high-rise. “That might give our brains a rest, and that is why
we might see these benefits,” he said.
8. Why is Berman’s book cited in paragraph 2?
A. To show reliability of a new theory.
B. To highlight students’ affection for nature.
C. To explain nature’s effect theoretically.
D. To argue limitedness of people’s concentration.
9. What does “soft fascination” emphasize?
A. Intense focus on vivid details.
B. gentle engagement of attention.
C. Adaptation to the environment.
D. Complete absence of disturbance.
10. How is the processing of curved shapes different from that of straight edges?
A. It brings a worse memory.
B. It requires less mental effort.
C. It causes more attention stress.
D. It involves greater brain activity.
11. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. Nature’s role in restoring mind.
B. The gains of walking outdoors.
C. The ways of training concentration.
D. Surroundings’ effect on cognition.
2.（天津市南开大学附属中学2025-2026 学年高二上学期第二次月考英语试卷，D 篇）
“Join our exciting wildlife watching tours and experience the holiday of a lifetime!” Eco-wildlife tours like
this are becoming more and more popular with tourists. The opportunity to see whales and dolphins swimming in
their natural habitat is so much better than seeing these great mammals in zoos and aquariums. As your boat edges
out into the blue water, a group of dolphins come to greet you and swim around the boat, jumping playfully around
you. In some places, tour companies even encourage tourists to go swimming with the dolphins. These intelligent
mammals seem to enjoy our company, and interact with us. But is it possible that this kind of human activity is
putting their survival at risk?
A recent study has shown that the behaviour of whales and dolphins changes greatly when they are close to
boats. Interpreting the boats as a possible danger, they start to breathe more quickly. The boats drive them away
from the places where they feed and interrupt their routine of resting and taking care of their young. All of these
factors could have a very negative effect on their general health.
Another factor that should be taken into account is the effect of human attention on the animals. As they
become more used to interacting with humans, they become less afraid of them. There have been several cases of
tour boats running into dolphins or whales and causing their deaths. As dolphins live within close communities,
events like these cause a lot of stress.
Perhaps the best way to protect these animals is to reduce our interaction with them. This we could do by
keeping a minimum distance between the animals and the boats, and by limiting the number of boats out on the
water at one time. Most importantly, instead of disrupting these animals’ routines, we should try to adapt to them.
In this way, we could learn to exist in harmony with these wild animals and ensure our continued co-existence on
the planet that we all share.
51. According to the text, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a change in whale and dolphin behavior
when boats are nearby?
A. Their breathing becomes quicker.
B. They are driven away from feeding grounds.
C. They actively attack the boats to defend themselves.
D. Their routines of resting and caring for their young are interrupted.
52. What’s the effect of human attention on the dolphins from Paragraph 3?
A. Reduced potential risks of accidents.
B. The gradual stress on dolphins’ communities.
C. Dolphins’ better relationship with humans.
D. Dolphins’ fear of human activities.
53. What measures does the article suggest to protect whales and dolphins?
A Ban all tour boats from going out to sea forever.
B. Reduce people’s interaction with them.
C. Encourage more tourists to swim with them.
D. Disturb the dolphins’ routines.
54. What is the author’s most likely attitude towards “swim-with-dolphins” tour programs?
A Positive.
B. Objective.
C. Negative.
D. Indifferent.
55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A. To advertise exciting eco-wildlife watching tours.
B. To describe the playful nature of dolphins and whales.
C. To introduce the experiences of seeing animals in the wild.
D. To analyze the problems of wildlife tour and possible measures.
