独家原创:高中英语“文体写作(素材与运用)”系列1. 记叙文写作1(以记人为主)

作者简介：深耕一线英语教学近40载；中考、高考命题研究专家；发表文章2000余篇；主编《英语满分作文》书系、《英语奥林匹克》、《英语写作素材大辞典》、《现代英汉双解大辞典》、《多功能英汉大辞典》等300余本畅销全国的教学及竞赛辅导用书。

本节内容包含：写作概述 + 核心词汇（分类别）+ 提分词块（分类别）+ 经典佳句（分类别）+ 优美语段（分类别）+ 素材运用（分类别）

◆写作概述

以记人为主的记叙文旨在通过对人物细致入微的刻画，讲述一个生动且引人入胜的故事。首先，在人物塑造方面，要精准地描绘人物的外貌特征，使读者能够在脑海中构建出清晰的形象。例如描述人物的身高、体型、发型、面部轮廓以及独特的穿着风格等细节。

人物的性格刻画是核心要素之一。这需要通过人物的行为举止、言语表达以及内心的思考活动来展现。比如，一个勇敢的人物在面对危险时会果断地采取行动，其言语可能坚定有力，而内心独白或许会透露他的信念与决心。

情节构建应紧密围绕人物展开。为人物设置各种挑战与冲突，包括与他人的矛盾纠葛、对自身困境的抗争或者是在道德与伦理方面的抉择等。这些情节推动人物不断成长与转变，使其形象更加丰满立体。

对话的运用能够进一步凸显人物个性。不同性格的人物在交流时会有截然不同的说话方式、用词偏好和语气语调。幽默风趣的人物可能会有诙谐的言辞，而严肃内敛的人物则会出言谨慎。

此外，还需深入挖掘人物的内心世界，展现其情感变化、梦想追求、恐惧与担忧等。通过细腻的描写，让读者能够深入理解人物的行为动机，从而产生强烈的情感共鸣。

总之，以记人为主的记叙文写作要求作者巧妙地融合人物的外在形象、内在性格、行为经历以及情感世界，借助精心设计的情节与对话，创作出一个能让读者深刻记住并为之动容的人物形象及其故事。

◆核心词汇

一、人物外貌

1. tall（adj. 高的）

2. short（adj. 矮的）

3. slim（adj. 苗条的）

4. fat（adj. 肥胖的）

5. handsome（adj. 英俊的）

6. beautiful（adj. 美丽的）

7. fair（adj. 白皙的）

8. dark（adj. 黝黑的）

9. rosy cheeks（n. 红润的脸颊）

10. bright eyes（n. 明亮的眼睛）

11. straight hair（n. 直发）

12. curly hair（n. 卷发）

13. bald（adj. 秃头的）

14. well-built（adj. 身材匀称的）

15. petite（adj. 娇小的）

二、人物性格

1. kind（adj. 善良的）

2. brave（adj. 勇敢的）

3. shy（adj. 害羞的）

4. outgoing（adj. 外向的）

5. confident（adj. 自信的）

6. timid（adj. 胆小的）

7. generous（adj. 慷慨的）

8. stingy（adj. 吝啬的）

9. humorous（adj. 幽默的）

10. serious（adj. 严肃的）

11. patient（adj. 有耐心的）

12. impatient（adj. 没有耐心的）

13. hardworking（adj. 努力工作的）

14. lazy（adj. 懒惰的）

15. intelligent（adj. 聪明的）

三、人物情感

1. happy（adj. 高兴的）

2. sad（adj. 悲伤的）

3. angry（adj. 生气的）

4. excited（adj. 兴奋的）

5. disappointed（adj. 失望的）

6. proud（adj. 自豪的）

7. ashamed（adj. 羞愧的）

8. jealous（adj. 嫉妒的）

9. loving（adj. 充满爱的）

10. hateful（adj. 可恨的）

11. worried（adj. 担忧的）

12. calm（adj. 平静的）

13. frightened（adj. 害怕的）

14. content（adj. 满足的）

15. miserable（adj.痛苦的）

四、人物动作

1. walk（v. 走）

2. run（v. 跑）

3. jump（v. 跳）

4. sit（v. 坐）

5. stand（v. 站）

6. smile（v. 微笑）

7. frown（v. 皱眉）

8. cry（v. 哭）

9. laugh（v. 笑）

10. shout（v. 大喊）

11. whisper（v. 低语）

12. nod（v. 点头）

13. shake（v. 摇头）

14. wave（v. 挥手）

15. hug（v. 拥抱）

五、人物关系

1. friend（n. 朋友）

2. family（n. 家人）

3. father（n. 父亲）

4. mother（n. 母亲）

5. brother（n. 兄弟）

6. sister（n. 姐妹）

7. teacher（n. 老师）

8. student（n. 学生）

9. colleague（n. 同事）

10. neighbor（n. 邻居）

11. partner（n. 伙伴）

12. enemy（n. 敌人）

13. lover（n. 爱人）

14. acquaintance（n. 熟人）

15. classmate（n. 同学）

◆提分词块

一、人物外貌描述

1. a pair of sparkling eyes（一双炯炯有神的眼睛）

2. a straight nose（挺直的鼻子）

3. a well-defined jawline（清晰的下颌线）

4. rosy lips（红润的嘴唇）

5. thick eyebrows（浓密的眉毛）

6. a head of flowing hair（一头飘逸的头发）

7. a stocky build（结实的身材）

8. a slender figure（苗条的身材）

9. a tanned complexion（古铜色的肤色）

10. a freckled face（长满雀斑的脸）

二、人物性格刻画

1. have a heart of gold（有一颗金子般的心）

2. be as brave as a lion（像狮子一样勇敢）

3. be rather shy and reserved（相当害羞和矜持）

4. be an outgoing and sociable person（是一个外向且善于社交的人）

5. with great self-confidence（有着极大的自信）

6. be a timid soul（是个胆小的人）

7. be extremely generous in nature（天性极为慷慨）

8. be a bit of a miser（有点吝啬）

9. have a good sense of humor（有很好的幽默感）

10. be a serious-minded individual（是个严肃认真的人）

三、人物情感表达

1. be over the moon（欣喜若狂）

2. be down in the dumps（情绪低落）

3. be boiling with anger（怒火中烧）

4. be on cloud nine（极其兴奋）

5. be deeply disappointed（深感失望）

6. be bursting with pride（充满自豪）

7. be ashamed of oneself（为自己感到羞愧）

8. be green with envy（嫉妒得发狂）

9. be filled with love and affection（充满爱与深情）

10. be consumed by hatred（被仇恨吞噬）

四、人物动作描绘

1. stroll casually（悠闲地漫步）

2. dash hurriedly（匆忙地奔跑）

3. leap with joy（高兴地跳跃）

4. perch on a chair（坐在椅子上）

5. lean against the wall（靠在墙上）

6. beam a bright smile（露出灿烂的笑容）

7. knit one's brows in confusion（困惑地皱眉）

8. sob uncontrollably（无法控制地抽泣）

9. chuckle softly（轻声地笑）

10. bellow at the top of one's lungs（大声吼叫）

五、人物关系提及

1. a bosom friend（知心朋友）

2. a doting parent（溺爱的父母）

3. a beloved sibling（亲爱的兄弟姐妹）

4. a strict teacher（严厉的老师）

5. a diligent student（勤奋的学生）

6. a reliable colleague（可靠的同事）

7. a friendly neighbor（友好的邻居）

8. a business partner（商业伙伴）

9. a sworn enemy（死敌）

10. a romantic lover（浪漫的爱人）

◆经典佳句

一、人物外貌描写

1. She has long, silky hair that cascades down her shoulders like a waterfall.（她有着如瀑布般垂落在肩头的柔顺长发。）

2. His piercing blue eyes seem to see right through you.（他那锐利的蓝眼睛似乎能看穿你。）

3. The old man has a wrinkled face, which tells the story of his long and eventful life.（这位老人满脸皱纹，诉说着他漫长而多事的一生。）

4. She is a petite girl with a delicate nose and rosy cheeks.（她是个娇小的女孩，有着小巧的鼻子和红润的脸颊。）

5. With his broad shoulders and muscular build, he looks like a born athlete.（他有着宽阔的肩膀和健壮的体格，看起来像个天生的运动员。）

二、人物性格描写

1. He is always willing to lend a helping hand, showing his kind-hearted nature.（他总是愿意伸出援手，展现出他善良的本性。）

2. Despite facing difficulties, she remains as brave as a lion and never gives up.（尽管面临困难，她依然像狮子一样勇敢，从不放弃。）

3. The boy is extremely shy and often blushes when speaking in public.（这个男孩非常害羞，在公众场合讲话时常常脸红。）

4. My friend is an outgoing and lively person who can easily make friends with anyone.（我的朋友是个外向活泼的人，能轻易和任何人交朋友。）

5. She has great self-confidence and always believes in her own abilities.（她很有自信，总是相信自己的能力。）

三、人物情感表达

1. When she heard the good news, she was over the moon and couldn't stop smiling.（当她听到这个好消息时，欣喜若狂，笑个不停。）

2. After losing the game, he was down in the dumps and didn't want to talk to anyone.（比赛输了之后，他情绪低落，不想和任何人说话。）

3. The mother was boiling with anger when she saw her son's bad behavior.（母亲看到儿子的不良行为时怒火中烧。）

4. Winning the award made him on cloud nine and he felt extremely proud.（获奖让他欣喜若狂，他感到无比自豪。）

5. She was deeply disappointed when she found out that she didn't get the job.（当她发现自己没有得到那份工作时，深感失望。）

四、人物动作描写

1. He walked slowly and thoughtfully, as if he was lost in deep contemplation.（他慢慢地走着，若有所思，仿佛陷入了深深的沉思。）

2. The girl ran as fast as she could, her ponytail bouncing behind her.（女孩尽可能快地跑着，马尾辫在身后晃动。）

3. She sat quietly in the corner, reading a book intently.（她静静地坐在角落，专注地看书。）

4. The man stood up straight and saluted with respect.（男人笔直地站起来，恭敬地敬礼。）

5. They hugged each other tightly, expressing their long-separated affection.（他们紧紧地拥抱在一起，表达着久别重逢的情谊。）

五、人物关系描述

1. My father is a strict but loving parent who always guides me in the right direction.（我的父亲是个严格但充满爱的家长，总是引导我走向正确的方向。）

2. She and her sister have a very close relationship and share all their secrets.（她和她的姐姐关系非常亲密，分享所有的秘密。）

3. The teacher is highly respected by his students for his knowledge and patience.（这位老师因其知识和耐心而深受学生尊敬。）

4. The two colleagues often cooperate with each other and have a good working relationship.（这两位同事经常相互合作，有着良好的工作关系。）

5. They were once enemies, but now they have become good friends after resolving their differences.（他们曾经是敌人，但在解决分歧后现在成了好朋友。）

◆优美语段

一、写家人

My Grandfather

My grandfather is a remarkable man. He is in his seventies but still full of energy. He has a head of silver hair and a warm smile that can brighten anyone's day. He is a patient and kind person. Every morning, he gets up early to do some gardening. He loves to plant flowers and vegetables. He also likes to tell me stories about his past, teaching me the importance of hard work and perseverance. In my eyes, he is not only a family member but also a great teacher and role model.

我的祖父

我的祖父是一位了不起的人。他已经七十多岁了，但仍然精力充沛。他有着一头银发和能点亮任何人一天的温暖笑容。他是个有耐心且善良的人。每天早上，他早早起床去做园艺。他喜欢种花和蔬菜。他也喜欢给我讲他过去的故事，教导我努力工作和坚持不懈的重要性。在我眼里，他不仅是一位家庭成员，更是一位伟大的老师和榜样。

二、写朋友

My Best Friend Lily

Lily is my best friend. She is a girl with bright eyes and long curly hair. She is extremely outgoing and always has a lot of ideas. We often go to the park together on weekends. She loves to play badminton and is really good at it. Whenever I have a problem or feel sad, she is always there by my side, listening to me and giving me good advice. She has a great sense of humor and can always make me laugh. With her, my life is full of fun and joy.

我最好的朋友莉莉

莉莉是我最好的朋友。她是一个有着明亮眼睛和长长的卷发的女孩。她极其外向，总是有很多点子。我们经常在周末一起去公园。她喜欢打羽毛球并且打得很好。每当我有问题或感到难过时，她总是在我身边，听我倾诉并给我好的建议。她很有幽默感，总是能让我笑。有了她，我的生活充满了乐趣和欢乐。

三、写老师

My English Teacher Mr. Smith

Mr. Smith is an excellent English teacher. He is tall and thin with a pair of glasses. His classes are always lively and interesting. He has a unique teaching method. He often uses stories, games and movies to help us understand English better. He is very strict with our pronunciation and grammar but also encourages us to express ourselves freely. He is patient and willing to answer all our questions. Thanks to him, my English has improved a lot and I have developed a strong interest in English learning.

我的英语老师史密斯先生

史密斯先生是一位优秀的英语老师。他又高又瘦，戴着一副眼镜。他的课总是生动有趣。他有独特的教学方法。他经常用故事、游戏和电影来帮助我们更好地理解英语。他对我们的发音和语法要求很严格，但也鼓励我们自由表达。他很有耐心，愿意回答我们所有的问题。多亏了他，我的英语提高了很多，我也对英语学习产生了浓厚的兴趣。

四、写名人

Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking was a world-renowned physicist. Despite being confined to a wheelchair due to a serious illness, his mind was as active as ever. He had a thin face and piercing eyes. His research on black holes and the origin of the universe was groundbreaking. He was able to explain complex scientific concepts in a simple and understandable way. His perseverance and dedication to science inspired countless people around the world. Although he has passed away, his achievements and spirit will always be remembered.

斯蒂芬・霍金

斯蒂芬・霍金是一位世界著名的物理学家。尽管因重病被困在轮椅上，但他的思维一如既往地活跃。他面容消瘦，眼睛锐利。他对黑洞和宇宙起源的研究具有开创性。他能够以简单易懂的方式解释复杂的科学概念。他对科学的毅力和奉献精神激励了世界各地无数的人。虽然他已经去世，但他的成就和精神将永远被铭记。

五、写邻居

My Neighbor Aunt Wang

Aunt Wang is my neighbor. She is a middle-aged woman with short hair. She is very friendly and helpful. She often shares her homemade food with us. She is good at cooking and her dishes are delicious. She is also very kind to children. She likes to play with the kids in the neighborhood and tell them stories. Whenever someone in the neighborhood is in trouble, she is always the first one to offer help. She makes our neighborhood a warm and harmonious place.

我的邻居王阿姨

王阿姨是我的邻居。她是一位短发的中年妇女。她非常友好且乐于助人。她经常和我们分享她自制的食物。她擅长烹饪，她做的菜很美味。她对孩子们也很好。她喜欢和社区里的孩子们一起玩并给他们讲故事。每当社区里有人遇到麻烦，她总是第一个提供帮助的人。她让我们的社区成为一个温暖和谐的地方。

◆素材运用

经典考题1（写身边的平凡英雄）

在我们的生活中，总有一些平凡的人做出不平凡的事，他们堪称平凡英雄。请以 “An Ordinary Hero Around Me” 为题写一篇 80 词左右的英语短文，描述你身边的一位平凡英雄。

【范文1】

An Ordinary Hero Around Me

My neighbor, Uncle Li, is an ordinary hero in my eyes. He is a simple and friendly man. Every morning, he gets up early to clean the corridor and the yard. He does this not for any reward but just to make our living environment better. Once, a child got lost in our neighborhood. Uncle Li spent the whole day looking for the child. He asked around, checked every corner. Finally, he found the child in a small alley. His selfless dedication and kindness make him a hero in our community.

亮点点评：

⑴主题明确：文章围绕邻居 Uncle Li 作为平凡英雄展开，通过日常打扫和寻找走失儿童的事例突出其无私奉献和善良的品质。

⑵语言简洁：用词简单直接，如 “simple and friendly，not for any reward” 等，准确地表达了人物特点和行为动机，符合高中生的英语表达水平。

【范文2】

An Ordinary Hero Around Me

There is a postman, Mr. Zhang, who is an extraordinary person in my daily life. He is always dressed in his postman uniform, riding his bicycle through every street. Rain or shine, he never fails to deliver mails and parcels on time. One snowy day, the roads were extremely slippery. But Mr. Zhang still managed to reach every household. He even helped an old lady carry a heavy parcel upstairs. His perseverance and helpfulness make him a real hero among us.

亮点点评：

⑴细节描写：对邮递员 Mr. Zhang 的外貌 “dressed in his postman uniform” 和工作场景 “riding his bicycle through every street” 描写细致，让读者能快速构建人物形象。

⑵事例典型：选取下雪天仍坚持送邮件并帮助老人的事例，很好地体现了其毅力和乐于助人的特点，事例具有说服力。

经典考题2（写对自己影响深刻的老师）

在你的学习生涯中，一定有一位老师给你留下了深刻的印象并对你产生了很大的影响。请以 “The Teacher Who Influenced Me Most” 为题写一篇 80 词左右的英语短文。

【范文1】

The Teacher Who Influenced Me Most

My English teacher, Mrs. Liu, has had a profound impact on me. She is not only knowledgeable but also very patient. In class, she explains grammar and vocabulary in vivid ways. For example, she uses real-life stories to make us understand new words. When I had difficulties in learning English, she always encouraged me to keep trying. She often stayed after class to help me with my pronunciation. Thanks to her, I have developed a strong interest in English and my grades have improved a lot.

亮点点评：

⑴逻辑清晰：先总述老师有深刻影响，再分别从教学方式和课后帮助两方面阐述，最后说明对自己的成果，条理清楚。

⑵结合实例：用 “uses real-life stories to make us understand new words” 和 “stayed after class to help me with my pronunciation” 等实例，使文章更具可信度。

【范文2】

The Teacher Who Influenced Me Most

Mr. Wang, my math teacher, is the one who changed my learning attitude. He has a unique teaching style. He likes to let us solve problems in groups, which promotes our cooperation and critical thinking. Once, I failed a math test and felt very frustrated. Mr. Wang talked to me and told me that failure is the mother of success. He helped me analyze my mistakes and gave me extra exercises to practice. His words and actions inspired me to face difficulties bravely and never give up.

亮点点评：

⑴人物塑造：通过描述老师独特的教学风格和对自己考试失利后的鼓励与帮助，生动地塑造出一位善于引导学生的好老师形象。

⑵情感表达：文中 “felt very frustrated”“inspired me” 等表达了自己的情感变化，使读者能更好地感受到老师对自己的影响。

经典考题3（写一位具有特殊才能的朋友）

你的朋友中一定有一位具有特殊才能的人，请以 “My Friend with a Special Talent” 为题写一篇 80 词左右的英语短文。

【范文1】

My Friend with a Special Talent

My friend Tom has a remarkable talent for painting. He has been interested in painting since he was a little child. His paintings are full of imagination. He can use different colors and brush strokes to create amazing landscapes and portraits. When we have art exhibitions in school, his works always attract a lot of attention. He often spends hours in his small studio, immersed in his painting world. His dedication and talent make him stand out among our friends.

亮点点评：

⑴突出才能：重点描述朋友 Tom 在绘画方面的才能，如 “full of imagination”“use different colors and brush strokes” 等，展现其绘画的独特之处。

⑵场景描写：“spends hours in his small studio, immersed in his painting world” 描绘出朋友创作时的专注场景，增强了文章的感染力。

【范文2】

My Friend with a Special Talent

Lucy, one of my best friends, has a special talent for dancing. She is a born dancer. Her body is so flexible that she can perform various difficult dance moves. Whether it's classical ballet or modern dance, she can handle it well. She often participates in dance competitions and has won many awards. When she dances on the stage, she seems to shine. Her passion and talent for dancing have also influenced me and made me love the art of dance.

亮点点评：

⑴特点鲜明：用 “born dancer”“body is so flexible” 等表述清晰地展现了朋友 Lucy 在舞蹈方面的天赋特点。

⑵成就展示：提到 “participates in dance competitions and has won many awards”，突出了朋友在舞蹈领域的成就，侧面反映其才能的卓越。