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高中英语必修第一册词汇学习

发布时间：2026-09-27 03:53:57 最近访问：2026-09-27 03:53:19

高中英语必修第一册词汇学习

高中英语人教版必修第一册

Welcome Unit

exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ n. 交换; 交流 vt. 交换; 交流；交易; 兑换

lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/ n. 讲座；讲课；教训 vi. (开)讲座；讲课 vt. 训斥

registration /ˌredʒɪˈstreɪʃn / n. 登记；注册；挂号

register / ˈredʒɪstə(r) / vt.& vi. 登记；注册

sex /seks/ n. 性别

female /ˈfi:meɪl/　adj. 女(性)的; 雌的 n. 雌性动（植）物；女子

male / meɪl/　adj. 男(性)的; 雄的 n. 雄性动（植）物；男子

nationality /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ n. 国籍; 民族

nation / ˈneɪʃn/ n. 国家; 民族; 国民

designer/dɪˈzaɪnə(r)/ n. 设计者

design / dɪˈzaɪn / n. 设计; 设计方案 vt. 设计；筹划

campus / ˈkæmpəs / n. 校园; 校区

formal / ˈfɔ:ml / adj. 正式的；正规的

anxious / ˈæŋkʃəs / adj. 焦虑的; 不安的

annoyed/əˈnɔɪd/ adj. 恼怒的；生气的

annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ vt. 使恼怒；打扰

frightened /ˈfraɪtnd/ adj. 惊吓的；害怕的

p.m. /ˌpi:ˈem/ abbr. (源自拉丁语)下午；午后

a.m. /ˌeɪ:ˈem/ abbr. (源自拉丁语)上午；午前；午夜至正午

senior /ˈsi:niə(r)/ adj. 级别（或地位）高的 n. 较年长的人

senior high school　（美国）高中

at last 　终于; 最终

outgoing / ˈaʊtgəʊɪŋ / adj. 爱交际的；外向的

impression /ɪmˈpreʃn/ n. 印象；感想

impress /ɪmˈpres/ vt. 使钦佩；给…留下深刻的好印象 vi. 留下印象；引人注目

make an impression 留下好印象

what if　要是……会怎么样呢？

guy / gaɪ / n. 小伙子；男人；家伙

concentrate / ˈkɒnsntreɪt / vi.& vt. 集中（注意力）；聚集会神

concentrate on 集中精力于

experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验；试验

leave...alone 不打扰；不惊动

awkward / ˈɔ:kwəd / adj. 令人尴尬的; 难对付的

junior / ˈdʒu:niə(r)/ adj. 地位（或职位、级别）低下的 n. 职位较低者; （体育运动中）青少年

junior high school　（美国）初级中学

explore / ɪkˈsplɔ:(r)/　vt.& vi. 探索；勘探

confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/　adj. 自信的；有把握的

confidence　/ˈkɒnfɪdəns/　n. 信心; 信任

forward / ˈfɔ:wəd /　adv. （also forwards）向前；前进 adj. 向前的；前进的

look forward to　盼望；期待

take notes　记笔记

flash /flæʃ/ 　n. 光; 信号 vi. 闪耀；闪光；发出信号 vt. 使闪耀；发出（信号）

flash card　教学卡片；识字卡

organise /'ɔ:(r)gənaɪz/　vt. 组织；筹备；安排；组建vi. 组建；成立

organisation　/ˌɔ:gənaɪˈzeɪʃn/　n. 组织; 团体; 机构

goal/ gəʊl / n. 目标; 球门; 射门

strategy　/ˈstrætədʒi/　n. 策略；策划

partner　/ ˈpɑ:tnə(r)/　n. 同伴; 配偶；合伙人

improve　/ ɪmˈpru:v/　vi.&vt.改进；改善

curious　/ˈkjʊəriəs/　adj. 好奇的; 求知欲强的

company　/ ˈkʌmpəni/　n. 公司；商行; 陪伴

personality　/ˌpɜ:səˈnæləti/　n. 性格；个性

style　/ staɪl/　n. 方式; 作风

revise　/ rɪˈvaɪz/　vt.& vi. 修改; 修订；复习

Reading and Thinking 课文翻译

▌Reading and Thinking

Han Jing's World

7:00 a.m.

So this is it—senior high school at last! I’m not outgoing so I’m a little anxious right now. I want to make a good first impression. Will I make any friends? What if no one talks to me?

12:30 p.m.

I just had my first maths class at senior high school! The class was difficult, but the teacher was kind and friendly. He even told us a funny story, and everyone laughed so much! I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.

5:32 p.m.

This afternoon, we had our chemistry class in the science lab. The lab is new and the lesson was great, but the guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time. I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment. I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone!

10:29 p.m.

What a day! This morning, I was worried that no one would talk to me. But I was wrong. I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. I miss my friends from junior high school, but I believe I will make new friends here, and there’s a lot to explore at senior high. I feel much more confident than I felt this morning. I think that tomorrow will be a great day!

【参考译文】

韩静的世界

早上7:00这就是了——终于上高中了！我不外向，所以现在有点焦虑。我想给人留下良好的第一印象。我会交到朋友吗？要是没人跟我说话怎么办？

中午12:30我刚上完高中的第一节数学课！这堂课很难，但老师很和蔼、很友好。他甚至给我们讲了一个有趣的故事，大家都笑得前仰后合！我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好，乐于助人。

下午5:32今天下午，我们在科学实验室上了化学课。实验室是新的，课程很棒，但是我旁边的那个人一直在试图跟我说话。我无法集中精力做实验。我真的很想告诉他请安静点，不要打扰我！

晚上10:29这一天真是不可思议！今天早上，我还担心没人跟我说话。但我错了。我一点也不觉得尴尬或害怕。我想念我初中的朋友，但我相信我会在这里交到新朋友，高中里有很多值得探索的事物。我现在的感觉比今天早上自信多了。我觉得明天会是美好的一天！

Reading for Writing 课文翻译

Write a student profile

Ann, 15Lakeside High SchoolUSA

My name is Ann Wells and I’m a Grade 10 student at Lakeside High School. I’m an active person and I love sports. I’m curious about everything. I often ask questions, but I learn best by doing. My favourite subject is physics. Dancing and skating are my hobbies, and I also like toread short stories. I plan to become an engineer in the future.

Thando, 16South Hill High SchoolSouth Africa

I’m Thando Gowon. I’m 16 this year. I come from South Africa. I’m a Grade 10 student at South Hill High School. I look good, think fast, and play hard. You’ll never see me without a book or a pen. If I’m not in class, I’m either in the library or in the computer lab. At the weekends, I play computer games if I’m not busy studying. My dream is to start my own IT company!

【参考译文】

学生档案

安，15岁湖滨高中美国

我叫安·威尔斯，是湖滨高中的一名10年级学生。我是个活跃的人，热爱运动。我对所有事物都充满好奇。我经常提问，但我最喜欢通过实践来学习。我最喜欢的科目是物理。跳舞和滑冰是我的爱好，我也喜欢阅读短篇小说。我计划将来成为一名工程师。

坦多，16岁南丘高中南非

我是坦多·高文。我今年16岁。我来自南非。我是南丘高中的一名10年级学生。我看起来不错，思维敏捷，玩得很投入。你永远不会看到我身边没有书或笔。如果我不在上课，那我就在图书馆或在电脑室。周末时，如果我不忙于学习，就会玩电脑游戏。我的梦想是创办自己的IT公司！

安：15岁，湖滨中学，美国

我叫安・威尔斯，是湖滨中学10年级的学生。我是一个活跃的人，我喜欢运动。我对一切都很好奇。我经常问问题，但我从实践中学得最好。我最喜欢的科目是物理。跳舞和滑冰是我的爱好，我也喜欢读短篇小说。我计划将来成为一名工程师。

赞杜：16岁，南山中学，南非

我是赞杜・戈翁。我今年16岁。我来自南非。我是南山中学10年致的一名学生。我看起来不错，思维敏捷，玩得很卖力。你永远不会看到我不拿书或笔。如果我不上课，我不是在图书馆就是在计算机实验室。在周末，如果我不忙于学习，我就玩电脑游戏。我的梦想是开自己的IT公司。

Unit 1

teenage / ˈti:neɪdʒ/ adj. 十几岁的(指13至19岁); 青少年的

teenager / ˈti:neɪdʒə(r)/ n. (13至19岁之间的) 青少年

ballet /ˈbæleɪ/ n. 芭蕾舞；芭蕾舞剧

volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n. 志愿者

debate /dɪ 'beɪt/ n. 辩论；争论 vt.& vi.辩论；争论

prefer / prɪˈfɜ:(r)/ vt. 较喜欢 (preferred; preferred; preferring)

prefer…to … 喜欢……多于……

content / 'kɒntent / n. 内容; [pl] 目录; (书、讲话、节目等的)主题

movement / ˈmu:vmənt / n. 动作；运动; 活动

greenhouse / ˈgri:nhaʊs/ n. 温室；暖房

clean up 打扫(或清除)干净

suitable /ˈsu:təbl/ adj. 适合的；适用的

suitable for 对……适合的

actually / ˈæktʃuəli/ adv. 事实上; 的确

challenge /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ n. 挑战；艰巨任务 vt. 怀疑；向……挑战

title/ˈtaɪtl/ n. (书、诗歌等的)名称；标题；职称；头衔

topic /ˈtɒpɪk/ n. 话题; 标题

freshman / ˈfreʃmən / n. (especially NAmE)(中学)九年级学生；(大学)一年级新生

confusing /kənˈfju:zɪŋ/ adj. 难以理解的；不清楚的

confuse /kən'fju:z/ vt. 使糊涂；使迷惑

confused /kənˈfju:zd/ adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的

fluent /'flu:ənt/ adj. (尤指外语)流利的；熟练的

graduate /'ɡrædʒʊeɪt/ vi. & vt.毕业；获得学位 /'ɡrædʒʊət/ n.毕业生

recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ vt. 建议；推荐；介绍

sign up ( for sth) 报名(参加课程)

advanced/ ədˈvɑ:nst/ adj. 高级的；高等的；先进的

advance / ədˈvɑ:ns/ n. 前进；发展 vi. 前进；发展 vt. 发展；促进

literature / ˈlɪtrətʃə(r)/ n. 文学; 文学作品

extra-curricular / 'ekstrəkə'rɪkjulə/ adj. 课外的; 课程以外的

extra /'ekstrə/ adj. 额外的；附加的

obviously / ˈɒbviəsli/ adv. 显然地；明显地

quit / kwɪt/ vi. & vt.(quit, quit) 停止；戒掉；离开(工作职位、学校等)

responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/　adj. 负责的；有责任的

responsibility /rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti/ n. 责任；义务

be responsible for 对……负责

solution / səˈlu:ʃn/ n.解决办法; 答案

schedule /ˈʃedju:l/ n.工作计划；日程安排 vt. 安排；预定

editor /ˈedɪtə(r)/ n. 主编；编辑；编者

plate /pleɪt/ n.盘子，碟子

adventure /ədˈventʃə(r)/ n. 冒险; 奇遇

youth /ju:θ/ n.青年时期; 青春

survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n.生存；幸存；幸存事物

expert /'ekspɜːt/　n.专家；行家 adj.熟练的；内行的；专家的

behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjə(r)/ n.行为; 举止

generation　/ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/　n. 一代(人)

attract /ə'trækt/　vt.吸引；引起……的注意(或兴趣)

be attracted to 喜爱

focus /ˈfəʊkəs /　vi.& vt. 集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距 n. 中心；重点；焦点

focus on 集中；特别关注

addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/ adj. 有瘾的；上瘾的；入迷的

addict /ˈædɪkt/　n.对……入迷的人；吸毒成瘾的人

addicted to 对……很入迷

adult/ˈædʌlt/ n.成年人 adj.成年的；成熟的

Reading and Thinking 课文翻译

▌Reading and Thinking

THE FRESHMAN CHALLENGE

Hi! My name is Adam and I’m a freshman at senior high school. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. The first week was a little confusing. First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it. I had to choose extra-curricular activities, too. I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn’t play well enough. Obviously, I was unhappy, but I won’t quit. I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. I joined a volunteer club instead. Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community. I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more. I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course, and it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. Still, I’m happy to be here. Studying hard isn’t always fun, but I’ll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future.

【参考译文】

新生挑战

嗨！我叫亚当，是高中一年级的新生。从初中到高中真是一项巨大的挑战。第一周有点让人困惑。

首先，我必须非常仔细地考虑我想上哪些课程。学校指导老师帮我选择了适合我的课程：数学、英语、化学、世界历史和汉语。我知道汉语是一种非常难的语言，但我希望毕业时能说得很流利。因为我喜欢英语而且成绩不错，我的指导老师建议我选修高级文学。

我也不得不选择课外活动。我试图加入学校足球队，但教练告诉我，我踢得不够好。显然，我很不开心，但我不会放弃。我会自己想办法改进，这样我明年就能入选球队了。相反，我加入了一个志愿者俱乐部。每周三，我们会在施舍处干活，把食物分发给社区里的无家可归者。

我知道作为一名高中生，我必须更加努力地学习，并习惯对更多的事情负责。我有点担心在我的高级课程中跟上其他学生的水平，要习惯所有的作业会相当困难。不过，我还是很高兴来到这里。努力学习并不总是有趣的，但我会为大学或未来发生的任何其他事情做好充分准备。

Reading for Writing 课文翻译

A Letter of Advice

10 September 2018Dear Worried Friend, You wrote that you are very worried about your friend, Chen Lei. I understand quite well that you are anxious and feel terrible. You think that your friend plays computer games too often and spends too much time online. I recommend that you talk to your friend about his behaviour. It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games and the online world. But spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult to focus on other things in life. Some students even become addicted to the Internet and cannot concentrate on school and family life. I think you should encourage your friend to try new hobbies. Why not discuss the problem together? I am sure he will listen to you, since you are his good friend.All the best.

一封建议信

2018年9月10日

亲爱的担忧的朋友，

你写信说你很担心你的朋友陈雷。我很理解你焦虑和糟糕的感觉。你认为你的朋友玩电脑游戏太频繁，花太多时间在网上。

我建议你和你的朋友谈谈他的行为。对于你们这一代的青少年来说，被电脑游戏和网络世界所吸引并不罕见。但是花太多的时间在网上是不健康的，让你很难集中精力在生活中的其他事情上。一些学生甚至沉迷于网络，无法集中精力在学校和家庭生活上。我认为你应该鼓励你的朋友尝试新的爱好。为什么不一起讨论这个问题呢？我相信他会听你的，因为你是他的好朋友。

一切顺利，

苏珊•罗

Unit 2

castle /ˈkɑ:sl/ n. 城堡；堡垒

apply /əˈplaɪ/ vi. & vt. 申请；请求 vt. 应用; 涂(油漆、乳剂)

apply for 申请

visa /ˈvi:zə/ n. 签证

rent /rent/ vt. 租用；出租 vi. 租用；租金为 n.租金

pack /pæk/ vi. & vt. 收拾(行李) vt.包装n. (商品的) 纸包；纸袋；大包

amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的

amazed /əˈmeɪzd/ adj. 惊奇的；惊喜的

arrangement /əˈreɪndʒmənt/ n. 安排；筹备

extremely /ɪkˈstri:mli / adv. 极其; 非常

source /sɔ:s/ n. 来源；出处

narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的 vi.& vt.(使)变窄

flat /flæt/ adj. 平坦的; 扁平的 n. 公寓; 单元房

powerful /ˈpaʊəfl/ adj. 强有力的；有权势的；有影响力的

empire /ˈempaɪə(r)/ n. 帝国

emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ n. 皇帝

site /saɪt / n. 地点；位置；现场

take control of 控制; 接管

official /ə'fɪʃl/ adj. 官方的；正式的; 公务的 n. 官员；要员

recognize /ˈrekəgnaɪz/ vt. 辨别出; 承认; 认可

type /taɪp/ n. 类型; 种类 vi. & vt. 打字

flight /flaɪt/ n. 空中航行; 航班；航程

accommodation /əˈkɒməˌdeɪʃn/ n. 住处；停留处；膳宿

unique /juˈni:k/ adj. 唯一的；独特的; 特有的

path /pɑ:θ/ n. 小路; 路线；道路

destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 目的地；终点

other than 除……以外

admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ vt. 钦佩；赞赏

architecture/ˈɑ:kɪtektʃə(r) / n. 建筑设计；建筑学

architect /ˈɑ:kɪtekt / n. 建筑设计师

brochure /ˈbrəʊʃə(r)/ n. 资料(或广告)手册

package /ˈpækɪdʒ/ n. 包裹; 包装盒 vt. 将……包装好

package tour 包价旅游

contact /ˈkɒntækt / vt. 联络；联系 n. 联系；接触

civilization/ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. ( NAmE -ization) 文明；闻名世界

make up 构成；形成

soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/ n. 士兵; 军人

transport / ˈtrænspɔ:t/ n. (NAmE usually transportation)交通运输系统 vt. 运输；运送

hike / haɪk / vi. 徒步旅行 vt. 去…远足 n. 远足; 徒步旅行

economy /ɪˈkɒnəmi/ n. 经济; 节约

economic /ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济(上)的; 经济学的

credit /ˈkredɪt/ n. 借款；信用; 称赞; 学分

credit card 信用卡

detail /ˈdi:teɪl / n. 细节；详情；细微之处

check in (在旅馆、机场等) 登记

check out 结账离开(旅馆等)

request /rɪˈkwest/ n. (正式或礼貌的)要求；请求 vt.(正式或礼貌地)要求；请求

view / vju:/ n. 视野；景色；看法

sight /saɪt/ n. 景象; 视野; 视力

statue /ˈstætʃu:/ n. 雕塑；雕像

BCE /ˌbi: si: ˈi:/ (=before the Common Era) 公元前

tomb / tu:m / n. 坟墓

unearth / ʌnˈɜ:θ/ vt. 挖掘；发掘

comment /ˈkɒment/ n. 议论；评论 vi.& vt. 发表意见；评论

Reading and Thinking 课文翻译

Explore Peru

PEru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America with three main areas: narrow, dry, flat land running along the coast, the Andes Mountains, and the Amazon rainforest. In the 1400s and 1500s, Peru was the centre of the powerful ancient Inca Empire. The Inca emperor lived in the now-famous site Machu Picchu. Spain took control of Peru in the 16^th century and ruled until 1821. It is for this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru.★Amazon Rainforest Tour

A short flight from Cusco takes you from the Andes into the Amazon rainforest. From there, you’ll spend one day travelling by boat to your accommodation in the middle of the forest. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest.

★Machu Picchu Tour

This four-day walking tour will take you on amazing paths through the Andes Mountains on the way to the city of Machu Picchu. After reaching your destination, you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city. Especially amazing is the Incas’ dry stone method of building. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones.

★Cusco Tour

Spend four days enjoying the unique Spanish and local Indian culture high in the Andes at Cusco, the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th until the 16th century. Stay in a local hotel, visit the museums, admire the architecture, enjoy the excellent local food, and go shopping at the local markets.

★Lake Titicaca Tour

Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca. There, a boat will take you to stay with a local Uros family on an island for three days. Both the island and the Uros homes are made of water plants from the lake.

秘鲁旅行

秘鲁是一个位于南美洲太平洋海岸的国家，主要有三个地区：狭窄的、干燥的、平坦的陆地沿海岸延伸，安第斯山脉和亚马逊雨林。

在14世纪和16世纪，秘鲁是强大的古代印加帝国的中心。印加皇帝住在现在著名的地点马丘比丘。西班牙在16世纪控制了秘鲁，并一直统治到1821年。正因为如此，西班牙语才是秘鲁的主要官方语言。

亚马逊热带雨林之旅

从库斯科出发的短途航班带你从安第斯山脉前往亚马孙雨林。从那里，你将花一天时间乘船前往位于森林中间的住处。在接下来的三天里，你可以在当地导游的陪同下，深入雨林进行探索，欣赏雨林独有的动植物。

马丘比丘之旅

这次为期四天的徒步旅行将带你在通往马丘比丘的途中，踏上穿越安第斯山脉的神奇之路。到达目的地后，你将有一天时间探索这座令人惊叹的古城。特别令人惊奇的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。印加的建筑工人将石头切割成精确的尺寸，仅仅凭着石头间的完美贴合，即可稳固墙体

库斯科之旅

在安第斯山脉高处的库斯科，花四天时间享受独特的西班牙和当地印第安文化。库斯科是13世纪至16世纪印加帝国的首都。入住当地酒店，参观博物馆，欣赏建筑，品尝当地美食，并在当地市场购物。

的的喀喀湖之旅

沿着连接库斯科到的的喀喀湖的新公路，你可以欣赏美丽的乡村。在那里，一艘船将带你去与岛上当地的乌鲁斯人家庭住在一起三天。岛屿和乌鲁斯人的住宅均由湖中的水生植物制成。

所以，来体验一下秘鲁所能提供的一切吧：从古老的印加文化和有数百年历史的西班牙村庄，到茂密的雨林、高山和美丽的海岸线。

想获得有关秘鲁周边其他包价旅游的更多资料手册，请与我们联系：tourinfo@travelperu. org.

Reading for Writing 课文翻译

A Travel Plan to Xi’an

Dear Xiao Li,

My time here in China is going well. I love my new school and classmates. Over the October holiday, my parents and I are planning to go to Xi’an to see the Terracotta Army. I’ve heard that it is an amazing sight, and I can’t wait to go. To me, the story of the Terracotta Army is almost unbelievable. It’s amazing that there are more than 8,000 statues, and no one in modern times knew about them until the 1970s. We’re also planning to visit several other places in Xi’an. My dad and I are both looking forward to going to the Shaanxi History Museum, because my dad loves history and I have heard that this museum is known as a “Chinese treasure house”! We’re also going to the Xi’an City Wall and a few other famous sights. We’re taking the train, leaving the day before the October holiday begins. We’re arriving at 9:30 a.m. and will start sightseeing right away, so I hope we sleep well on the train! I guess that’s all for now! I’ll write again soon and send photos! Do you have any plans for the coming holiday? Hope to hear from you soon.Your friend,Rrichard

TERRACOTTA ARMY

Come and see the Terracotta Army: more than 8,000 statues were made in the third century BCE to guard the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qinshihuang! Each statue has a different face, leading researchers to believe that each one is a copy of a real soldier. The statues fill only one part of the emperor’s huge tomb, which still has not been completely unearthed. More than 700,000 people worked for nearly 40 years to build this tomb. However, no one in modern times knew about the tomb or the terracotta statues until 1974, when some farmers discovered the tomb while they were digging a well!

西安旅行计划

亲爱的小李，

我在中国度过的时间很顺利。我爱我的新学校和同学。十月假期，我和父母打算去西安看兵马俑。我听说这是一个令人惊叹的景象，我迫不及待地想去。对我来说，兵马俑的故事几乎令人难以置信。令人惊奇的是，有超过8 000个雕像，直到20世纪70年代，现代人才了解它们。

我们还计划去参观西安的其他几个地方。我和父亲都期待着去陕西历史博物馆，因为我父亲喜欢历史，我听说这个博物馆被称为“中国宝库”！我们还要去西安城墙和其他一些著名的景点。

我们将坐火车，在十月假期开始的前一天离开。我们将在上午9：30到达并立即开始观光，所以我希望我们能在火车上睡个好觉！

我想就写到这里吧！我很快就会再写信并发送照片！你对即将到来的假期有什么计划吗？希望早日收到你的来信。

你的朋友，

理查德

兵马俑

来看看兵马俑：公元前3世纪制作的8,000多件雕像是为了守卫中国皇帝秦始皇的坟墓！每个雕像都有一个不同的面孔，使得研究人员认为每个雕像都是一个真正的士兵的副本。这些雕像只占秦始皇巨大坟墓的一部分，坟墓尚未完全挖掘出来。超过70万人工作了近40年来建造这座坟墓。然而，直到1974年，一些农民在挖井时发现了坟墓，现代人才知道这个坟墓或者兵马俑雕像！

Unit 3

fitness/ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康; 健壮；适合

soccer /ˈsɒkə(r)/ n. 足球；足球运动

stadium /ˈsteɪdiəm/ n. (pl. stadiums or stadia)体育场; 运动场

boxing /ˈbɒksɪŋ / n. 拳击(运动)

badminton /ˈbædmɪntən/ n. 羽毛球运动

event / ɪˈvent/ n. 比赛项目；大事；公开活动

come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快

ski / ski:/ adj. 滑雪的 vi.滑雪

host /həʊst/ vt. 主办；主持 n.主人；东道主；节目主持人

track /træk/ n. 跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vt.& vi. 追踪; 跟踪

track and field 田径

gym / dʒɪm / n. 健身房; 体育馆

gymnastics /dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/ n. 体操(训练)

work out 锻炼；计算出；解决

sweat /swet/ vt. 使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗 n. 汗水; 出汗

make it 获得成功；准时到达

legend /ˈledʒənd / n. 传奇故事(或人物)；传说

athlete /ˈæθli:t/ n. 运动员；运动健儿

master /ˈmɑ:stə(r)/ n. 高手; 主人 vt. 精通；掌握

set an example 树立榜样

honour /ˈɒnə(r)/ n. 荣誉；尊敬；荣幸

glory /ˈglɔ:ri / n. 荣誉；光荣；赞美

medal /ˈmedl/ n. 奖章; 勋章

championship/ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/ n. 锦标赛; 冠军赛；冠军称号

champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军; 优胜者

determination /dɪˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 决心；决定

apart /əˈpa:t/ adv. 分离；分开；成碎片

fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃

injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/ vt. 使受伤；损害

injured /ˈɪndʒəd / adj. 受伤的；有伤的

injury /ˈɪndʒəri / n. 伤害；损伤

captain /ˈkæptɪn / n. (运动队)队长；船长；机长

lose heart 丧失信心；泄气

graceful /ˈgreɪsfl / adj. 优美的；优雅的

strength /streŋθ/ n. 力量；体力

failure /ˈfeɪljə(r) / n.失败；失败的人(或事物)

give up 放弃；投降

compete /kəmˈpi:t / vi. 竞争；对抗

make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚

pretend /prɪˈtend/ vi.& vt. 假装；装扮

pretend to do sth 假装做某事

even if/though 即使；虽然

million /ˈmɪljən / num. 一百万

cheat / tʃi:t / vi. 作弊；舞弊 vt. 欺骗；蒙骗 n. 欺骗手段；骗子

audience /ˈɔːdiəns / n. 观众；听众

positive /ˈpɒzətɪv / adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的

slim /slɪm/ adj. 苗条的；单薄的

diet /ˈdaɪət / n. 规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食

make a difference 有作用或影响

rather /ˈrɑ:ðə(r) / adv. 相当；有点儿

rather than 而不是

push-up/ˈpʊʃʌp / n. ( especially NAmE ) 俯卧撑

cut ...out 停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下

now and then 有时；偶尔

compare … with/to… 与…比较

jog / dʒɒg / vi. 慢跑 n.慢跑

stress /stres/ n.压力；紧张；重音 vt. 强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安

error / ˈerə(r) / n. 错误；差错

Reading and Thinking 课文翻译

LIVING LEGENDS

Help us choose some “Living Legends of Sports”. They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others. Here are our first two choices.

★Lang Ping

As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country. As a coach, she led theChina women’s volleyball team to medals at world championships and the Olympics. As a person, Lang Ping is loved by fans at home and abroad. When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup, her determination was tested. The team that Lang Ping had built was falling apart. One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems. Losing two important players was a big challenge, but Lang Ping did not lose heart. She had faced difficulties before, and she knew that her young players could win if they worked together as a team. Two weeks later, they were world champions! Then in 2016, Lang Ping led her volleyball team to Olympic gold in Brazil.

★Michael Jordan

When Michael Jordan’s feet left the ground, time seemed to stand still. The player who became known as “Air Jordan” changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps. Jordan’s skills were impressive, but the mental strength that he showed made him unique. In the final seconds of a game, Jordan always seemed to find a way to win. Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures. “I can accept failure; everyone fails at something. But I can’t accept not trying.” Losing games taught him to practise harder and never give up. In life, Jordan has learnt to share his success with others. The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.

体育健将

郎平

作为一名运动员，郎平为她的国家带来了荣誉和荣耀。作为一个教练，她带领中国女排在世界锦标赛和奥运会上夺得奖牌。就个人而言，郎平在国内外深受球迷喜爱。当中国队在准备2015年世界杯时，她的决心经受了考验。郎平组建的球队正在瓦解。最优秀的球员之一受伤了，而且队长因为心脏问题而离队。失去两个重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平并没有灰心。她以前也遇到过困难，并且她知道如果她的这些年轻运动员们拧成一股绳通力合作，就会获胜。两周后，她们是世界冠军！然后在2016年，郎平带领她的排球队在巴西夺得奥运会金牌。

迈克尔·乔丹

迈克尔·乔丹的脚离开地面时，时间似乎停滞不前。这位后来被称为“空中飞人”的运动员用他优美的动作和跳跃改变了篮球。乔丹的技能让人印象深刻，但他显示出的精神力量使他与众不同。在比赛的最后几秒，乔丹似乎总是想尽办法获胜。乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。“我可以接受失败；每个人都会遭遇失败。但我不能接受不去尝试。”输掉比赛教会他更努力地训练，并永不放弃。在生活中，乔丹已学会与他人分享他的成功。他在芝加哥创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。

Reading for Writing 课文翻译

GOING POSITIVE

I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible.I worried about my weight and tried every new diet I read about online. I tried no- fat, low-fat, 5:2, only bananas, no bananas — I almost went bananas, too. Then I read an article that said instead of asking “Am I fat?” I should be asking “Am I fit?” I had no idea a letter could make such a difference! Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change. Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”, I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”. Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to my meals. I could still have a burger now and then, but I would add a salad or an apple. Finally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body. Instead, I made a list of the things I liked about myself. By being positive about myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier.

【参考译文】

要积极乐观

我一直想长得像在电视上的苗条女孩，尽管我知道这是不可能的。我担心我的体重，尝试了我在网上读到的每一种新的饮食。我试过无脂肪、低脂肪、5：2饮食法、只吃香蕉、不吃香蕉——（最后）我几近疯狂。

然后我读了一篇文章，上面写道：不是问“我胖吗？”我应该问“我健康吗？” “我不知道一封信能有这么大的影响！”一旦我开始思考健康而不是体重，情况就开始发生变化。不是说“我想减掉3公斤”，我会说“我要在八分钟内跑两公里”或者“我希望能做30个俯卧撑”。我并没有减少我很喜欢的食物，我在食物中增加了健康食品。我仍然偶尔可以吃一个汉堡，但我想添加个沙拉或者苹果。

最后，我不再拿自己与女演员和模特比较，不再寻找我的脸上或身体上的缺陷。相反，我列了一张我对自己喜欢的事情的清单。通过对我自己和我的身体持有积极乐观的态度，我变得更快乐、更健康。

Unit 4

disaster /dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/ n. 灾难；灾害

tornado /tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ / n. (pl. -oes or -os) 龙卷风；旋风

drought / draʊt / n. 旱灾；久旱

landslide / ˈlændslaɪd / n. ( landfall) (山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡

slide / slaɪd / vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动

tsunami/ tsu:ˈnɑ:mi/ n. 海啸

flood /flʌd / n. 洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没

volcanic eruption / vɔlˈkænɪk ɪˈrʌpʃn / 火山喷发

magnitude /ˈmægnɪtju:d / n. (地)震级；重大

rescue /ˈreskju:/ n.& vt.营救；救援

damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ / vt. 损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失

destroy /dɪ'strɔɪ/ vt. 摧毁；毁灭

evacuate /ɪˈvækjueɪt / vt. 疏散；撤出 vi.撤离

helicopter/ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/ n. 直升机

death / deθ/ n. 死；死亡

affect /ə'fekt/ vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动

shelter /'ʃeltə(r)/ n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避 (风、雨或危险)

crack /kræk/ n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi.&vt. (使)破裂

as if 似乎；好像；仿佛

ruin /'ru:ɪn/ n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏

in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪

percent / pəˈsent / n. 百分之…… adj.&adv.每一百种

brick /brɪk/ n. 砖；砖块

metal /'metl/ n.金属

shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊

in shock 震惊；吃惊

electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电；电能

trap /træp/ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱

bury /ˈberi/ vt. 埋葬；安葬

breathe / bri:ð/ vi.& vt. 呼吸

revive /rɪˈvaɪv/ vt.& vi. 复活；(使)苏醒

revival/rɪˈvaɪvl/ n. 振兴；复苏

effort /'efət/ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

unify/ˈju:nɪfaɪ / vi.& vt. 统一；(使)成一体

wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；才智

context /ˈkɒntekst/ n. 上下文；语境；背景

suffer /ˈsʌfə/ vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦

volcano /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ n. (pl. -oes or -os)火山

erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ vi.& vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出

supply /səˈplaɪ/ n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给

typhoon /taɪˈfu:n/ n. 台风

in the open air 露天；在户外

hurricane /ˈhʌrɪkən/ n . (尤指大西洋的)飓风

survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过

power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 电力供应；力量；控制力

tap /tæp/ vi.& vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲

pipe /paɪp/ n. 管子；管道

whistle /ˈwɪsl/ vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声

emergency /iˈmɜ:dʒənsi/ n. 突发事件；紧急情况

calm /kɑ:m/ adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静

aid /eɪd/ n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt. (formal) 帮助；援助

kit /kɪt/ n. 成套工具；成套设备

first aid kit 急救箱

on hand 现有(尤指帮助)

crash /kræʃ/ vt.& vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞

sweep /swi:p/ vt. & vi. ( swept, swept) 打扫；清扫

sweep away 消灭；彻底消除

wave /weɪv/ n. 海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手

strike /straɪk/ vi.& vt. (struck,struck/stricken) 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击

deliver /dɪˈlɪvə(r)/ vt. &vi.递送；传达 vt.发表

summary /ˈsʌməri/ n. 总结；概括；概要

effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响；结果；效果

length /leŋθ/ n. 长；长度

Reading and Thinking 课文翻译

THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP

Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days,the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 a.m., on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20^th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock — and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshanto dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.

地球的不眠之夜

河北省东北部的农村地区怪事连连。一连几天，村里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏，井壁上出现了深深的裂缝，至少有一口水井冒出臭气。鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食;狗拒绝进入屋内。老鼠跑到田外、寻找藏身之所;鱼儿也跳出水面。1976年7月38日波晨300左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了耀眼亮光，接着又传出巨大的声响。然而，那天晚上城里的百万居民仍像往常样沉睡在梦乡。

凌晨3:42，万物开始摇晃，仿佛世界末日即将来临!在城市正下方的1千米处，20世纪伤亡最严重之一的一场地震爆发了，远在150多千米以外的北京都受到了这场地震的破坏，全国几乎三分之一的地区均有震感!一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的石山变成了泥石流。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。

幸存者目及之处无一不是废墟，万物尽毁。市内大约75％的工厂和大楼、90％的住房和所有的医院都倒塌了。砖块就像秋天的红叶覆盖着地面，但是却没有风能将其吹走。大多数桥梁不是坍塌了，就是无法安全通行了;铁轨变成了废金属块;数万头奶牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡也都死掉了。沙子灌满水井，井水消失殆尽。人们惊恐万状，然而临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。更多的楼房倒塌了，没有水和食物，电也停了。人们心里开始疑惑这场灾难还会持续多久。

然而，希望尚存。地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中抢救出来，并掩埋了死者。上万名医疗工作者赶到现场，教死扶伤。工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所，数十万的群众获得了帮助，火车、卡车和飞机给城市运来了食物和饮用水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始恢复了生机。

唐山重新站起来并获得了新生。有了来自政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力，一座新的唐山在废坡中被建立起来。这座新的城市已经成为700多万人的家，交通、工业和环境都得到了巨大的改善。唐山向中国、向世界证明，在自然灾害中，人类必须数力同心，保持积极乐观的心态和重建家园的决心。

Reading for Writing 课文翻译

Tsunami HiTs asia: Over 6,500 DeaD

The most powerful earth- quake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries. Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. The undersea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island. In that area alone, at least 1,870 people were killed. In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said. Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast. Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries. In southern Thailand, 1,900 people were hurt and many more were missing, local officials said. “I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. We had to leave everything and run to safety,” said Chandra Theeravit, a local Thai woman. Thousands of people are still missing, and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days. Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries. However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.

海啸袭击亚洲：6500多人死亡

罗伯特·伍德侯斯 2004年12月27日，星期一

过去40年来最强烈的地震昨日引发了冲击亚洲各地海岸线的海啸，导致印尼、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家6500多人死亡。渔民、游客、旅馆、房屋和汽车被高达9.0级的强烈地震所引发的巨浪卷走了。周日上午7点左右，印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸发生了海底地震。仅在该地区，就至少有1870人遇难。

政府官员说，在地震中心以西约1600公里处的斯里兰卡，死亡人数为2498人，另有100万人受到海啸的影响。印度官员说，南部沿海地区有多达1900人丧生。另有254人死于泰国，其他三个国家则有54人死亡。当地官员说，在泰国南部，有1900人受伤，还有更多的人失踪。一位当地泰国女子Chandra Theeravit说：“当水开始灌满我的家时，我和我的三个孩子在一起吃早餐。我们不得不放弃一切，逃到安全的地方。”

目前仍有数千人失踪，预计在未来几天死亡人数将进一步增加。目前(人们)正在为受海啸袭击的国家组织外援。但是，危险的条件和损坏的道路将使其难以运送食物和供应品。

Unit 5

billion /ˈbɪljən / n. 十亿

native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人

attitude /ˈætɪtju:d / n. 态度；看法

reference /ˈrefrəns / n. 指称关系；参考

refer / rɪˈfɜ:(r) / vi. 提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询;叫…求助于 (referred, referred , referring)

refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅

system /ˈsɪstəm / n. 体系；制度；系统

despite /dɪˈspaɪt / prep. 即使；尽管

ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱

factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素；要素

based /beɪst/ adj. 以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的

base /beɪs/ vt. 以…为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；根据

date back (to ...) 追溯到

bone / bəʊn / n. 骨头；骨(质)

shell /ʃel / n. 壳；壳状物

symbol /ˈsɪmbl / n. 符号；象征

carve / kɑ:v / vt. & vi 雕刻

dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti n. 王朝；朝代

variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化

major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ adj. 主要的；重要的;大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究

no matter where, who, what, etc. 不论……；不管……

dialect /'daɪəlekt/ n. 地方话；方言

means /mi:nz/ n. 方式；方法；途径

classic /ˈklæsɪk/ adj. 传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n.经典作品；名著

regard /rɪˈgɑ:d/ n. 尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待

character /'kærəktə(r)/ n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点

calligraphy / kəˈlɪɡrəfi / n. 书法；书法艺术

global /'gləʊbəl/ adj. 全球的；全世界的

affair /əˈfeə(r)/ n. 公共事务；事件；关系

appreciate /ə'pri:ʃieɪt / vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值

specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的

CE /ˌsi: ˈi:/ (CommonEra) 公元

struggle /ˈstrʌgl/ n.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗

tongue /tʌŋ/ n. 舌头；语言

point of view 观点；看法

semester /sɪˈmestə(r)/ n. 学期

gas /ɡæs/ n. 汽油；气体；燃气

petrol /'petrəl/ n. (NAmE gas) 汽油

subway /'sʌbweɪ/ n. (BrE underground) 地铁

apartment /ə'pɑ:tmənt/ n. (especiallyNAmE) 公寓套房

pants / pænts / n. [pl.](BrE )内裤；短裤；(especially NAmE )裤子

beg /beg/ vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求

equal /'i:kwəl / n. 同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的

gap /gæp/ n.间隔；开口；差距

demand /dɪˈmɑ:nd/ n. 要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求；需要 vi.查问

vocabulary /və'kæbjələri / n. 词汇

description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n. 描写(文字)；形容

relate /rɪˈleɪt / vt. 联系；讲述

relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到

Reading and Thinking 课文翻译

THE CHINESE WRITING SYSTEM: CONNECTING THE PAST AND THE PRESENT

China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in its history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system. At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu — animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today’s hanzi. By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600– 1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221–207BCE). Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.

汉语书写系统：连接古今

中国以其古老的文明而闻名，尽管历史上有许多起起伏伏，但它一直延续到现代。造成这种情况的原因有很多，但其中一个主要因素是汉语书写系统。

起初，书面汉语是一种基于图片的语言。它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期——动物的骨头和贝壳，古代中国人在它们上面雕刻着符号。在今天的汉字中仍然可以看到一些古老的符号。

到了商朝（公元前1600~公元前1046年左右），这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写系统。这些年来，这个系统发展成了不同的形式，因为在这个时代，人们在地理上被分割，从而产生了许多不同的方言和文字。然而，在秦朝（公元前221-207年）秦始皇时期，这种情况发生了变化。

秦始皇将七大国统一为一个统一的国家，中国的书写系统开始朝着一个方向发展。这一书写系统对于团结中国人民和文化具有重要意义。即使在今天，不管住在哪里，也不管说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。

书面汉语也成为中国现在与过去联系起来的一个重要手段。现代人可以阅读古代中国人写的经典作品。对汉字书写系统的高度重视可以从汉字的发展中看出来，汉字作为一种被称为中国书法的艺术形式，它已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。

如今，汉字书写系统仍然是中国文化的重要组成部分。随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉字这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。

Reading for Writing 课文翻译

Learning English

★Wang Le

Hey, everybody, what are your biggest problems with learning English?

★Liu Wen

Hi! I’ve been studying English since primary school. I used to get high marks in English, but now I’m having a lot of trouble with my listening. When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can catch only a few words. I can never quite get the main idea. Any advice?

★Jia Xin

Listening to English radio programmes helps me get used to how fast native speakers talk. I also repeat what I hear to help myself to experience the feeling of the language. Sometimes I even record my voice so I can listen to myself and compare my pronunciation with the radio host’s! My biggest headache is how to be polite in English. It’s so much easier to just say “Open the window!”, but in English that can sound really terrible. I have to think about who I’m talking to and then decide whether to say, “Open the window, please!” or “Could you open the window, please?” or even longer “Would you mind opening the window, please?”

★Li Ru

Yeah, that’s really hard! I think it all depends on who you’re talking to. If I’m talking to a close friend, I can use short requests, like “Open the window” — our relationship is close and we’re equals, so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us. But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me, I must make my request longer —and I must make it a question, not a demand, e.g., “Could you open the window, please?” If I’m talking to someone senior to me, then I should say, “Would you mind opening the window, please?” For me, vocabulary is my biggest problem—there are just SO MANY new words! I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head, and I certainly can’t remember how to use them all properly. HELP!

学习英语

王乐

嘿，各位，你们学习英语最大的问题是什么？

刘雯

嗨！我从小学就开始一直学习英语。我以前英语成绩很好，但现在我在听力方便有些问题。当我听到以英语为母语的人在视频中讲话时，我只能听明白几个单词。我永远无法抓不住中心思想。有什么建议？

贾欣

听英语广播节目有助于我习惯以英语为母语的人的说话速度。我也重复我听到的，以帮助自己体验这门语言的感觉。有时我甚至会录下自己的声音，这样我就可以倾听自己的声音，并将我的发音与电台主持人进行比较！我最头疼的是如何礼貌地使用英语。只是说“打开窗户！”要容易得多，但在英语中这听起来真的太糟糕了。我必须考虑一下我和谁说话，然后决定是否要说“请打开窗户！”或者“请问你能打开窗户吗？”或者更长的“请问你介意打开窗户吗？ ”

李锐

是的，那真的很难！我认为这完全取决于你在和谁说话。如果我和一位好朋友谈话，我可以用简短的请求，比如“打开窗户” ——我们的关系很亲密，而且我们是平等的，所以我只需要几句话就能弥合我们之间的差距。但是，如果我和一个与我不太亲近的人说话，我必须提出更长的请求—— 我必须把它看作是一个问题，而不是一个要求，例如，“请问你能打开窗户吗？”如果我跟一个比我年长的人说话，那么我应该说：“请问你介意打开窗户吗？”对我而言，词汇是我最大的问题——生词实在太多了！我不能把所有的新词汇直接放进我的脑子里，我当然也不记得如何正确使用它们。求助！

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