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7天背完!小学英语所有语法,25个核心考点一篇全整理

发布时间：2026-10-02 16:41:10 最近访问：2026-10-02 16:41:11

很多家长问我：小学英语语法那么多，孩子到底要掌握哪些？

今天把小学阶段所有核心语法点整理成了这一篇，一共 25 个板块，从最基础的26个字母，到16种时态、句子成分、被动语态，全覆盖。

建议收藏这篇，让孩子每天背一块，7天就能过一遍。

一、基础篇

1. 26个英文字母

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm
Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

2. 10种单词词性

词性	缩写	作用	例子
名词	n.	人和事物的名称	apple, pen
动词	v.	动作/状态	smile, finish
形容词	adj.	修饰名词，表特征	good, short
副词	adv.	修饰动词/形容词	now, quickly
代词	pron.	代替名词	he, them
冠词	art.	用在名词前	a, an, the
数词	num.	数量/顺序	one, first
介词	prep.	名/代词前表关系	in, on, at
连词	conj.	连接词/句子	and, but
感叹词	int.	表达感情口气	oh, wow

二、词法篇

3. 10种代词

类别	例词
人称代词（主格）	I, you, he, she, it, we, they
人称代词（宾格）	me, you, him, her, it, us, them
物主代词（形容词性）	my, your, his, her, its, our, their
物主代词（名词性）	mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs
指示代词	this, that, these, those
反身代词	myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves
疑问代词	who, whom, whose, what, which
不定代词	some, many, both, any, few, little
关系代词	who, whom, whose, which, that（引导定语从句）
相互代词	each other, one another

4. 20个疑问词

疑问词	问什么	疑问词	问什么
what	什么	whose	谁的
who	是谁	when	什么时候
where	哪里	where	哪里
which	哪个	what color	什么颜色
why	为什么	what time	几点
how	怎样	what day	星期几
how old	多大（年龄）	how many	多少（可数）
how much	多少钱/多少（不可数）	how long	多长/多久
how tall	多高	how big	多大
how heavy	多重	how often	多频繁

5. 名词

可数名词
：有单复数，a book → two books
复数规则
：一般加-s；s/x/ch/sh结尾加-es；辅音+y变i加-es；f/fe变ves
不规则复数
：man→men, woman→women, child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth
不可数名词
：water, milk, rice, bread；数量用 a glass of / two pieces of
所有格
：Tom's book; my parents' room; children's toys

易错：There is some bread. 不能说 a bread。

6. 冠词

a
：用于辅音音素前，a dog, a university
an
：用于元音音素前，an apple, an hour
the
：特指、双方都知道、再次提到、独一无二：the sun, the book on the desk
零冠词
：play football, have breakfast, by bus, at school

易错：看发音不看字母，an hour 但 a useful book。

7. 数词

基数词
（表数量）：one, twelve, twenty-one, one hundred
序数词
（表顺序）：first, second, third；其余多加-th；five→fifth, nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth
日期时间
：May 1st; six o'clock, half past seven, a quarter to eight

易错：hundred前有具体数字不加-s；hundreds of 表示"数百"。

8. 介词

类别	用法	例子
时间	at+时刻；on+具体某天；in+年/月/季节	at 7:00, on Monday, in May
地点	in里面, on上面, under下面, behind后面, between两者之间, among三者以上	in the box, on the desk
方向	to到, from从, into进入, out of出去, across横穿, along沿着	go to school, walk along the street
固定搭配	look at, listen to, be good at, wait for, play with, be afraid of	—

9. 形容词和副词

形容词
修饰名词或放在系动词后：a beautiful flower; The flower is beautiful.
副词
修饰动词：run quickly, sing well
比较级
：taller, more beautiful
最高级
：the tallest, the most beautiful
不规则
：good/well→better→best; bad→worse→worst; many/much→more→most

10. 情态动词

can能/会，may可以/可能，must必须，should应该，后接动词原形。

否定：can't, mustn't, shouldn't
Must I go? — No, you needn't.

易错：mustn't 是"不许"；needn't 是"不必"。

11. 常见英文缩写

缩写	原形	缩写	原形
it's	it is	won't	will not
I'm	I am	isn't	is not
we'll	we will	I'll	I will
aren't	are not	he's	he is
she's	she is	weren't	were not
couldn't	could not	can't	can not
you're	you are	don't	do not
doesn't	does not	they're	they are
who's	who is	when's	when is
what's	what is	wasn't	was not
that's	that is	there's	there is
we're	we are	didn't	did not

三、句法篇

12. 8大句子成分

成分	作用
主语	句子主角，动作的发出者
谓语	说明主语"干什么"或"怎么样"
宾语	动作的对象
表语	说明主语"是什么"或"怎么样"（跟在系动词后）
定语	修饰名词或代词
状语	说明动作何时何地如何发生
同位语	对名词/代词补充说明

13. 5种基本句型

S+V
：主谓（Birds fly.）
S+V+O
：主谓宾（I like apples.）
S+V+P
：主系表（She is happy.）
S+V+O+O
：主谓双宾（He gave me a book.）
S+V+O+C
：主谓宾补（We made him monitor.）

14. 16种英语时态

小学重点掌握前9种，其余先认识结构即可。

时态	结构	例句
1. 一般现在时	do/does	I study every day.（经常、习惯、客观事实）
2. 一般过去时	did	I studied yesterday.（过去发生的动作）
3. 一般将来时	will do	I will study tomorrow.（将来发生的动作）
4. 现在进行时	am/is/are doing	I am studying now.（现在正在进行）
5. 过去进行时	was/were doing	I was studying at eight.（过去某时正在进行）
6. 将来进行时	will be doing	I will be studying at eight.（将来某时正在进行）
7. 过去将来时	would do	He said he would study.（过去看将来）
8. 现在完成时	have/has done	I have finished my work.（过去动作影响现在）
9. 过去完成时	had done	I had finished before he came.（过去的过去）
10. 将来完成时	will have done	I will have finished by Friday.（将来某时前完成）
11. 现在完成进行时	have/has been doing	I have been studying for two hours.（从过去持续到现在）
12. 过去完成进行时	had been doing	I had been studying for two hours.（过去某时前一直持续）
13. 将来完成进行时	will have been doing	I will have been studying for two hours.（到将来某时一直持续）
14. 过去将来进行时	would be doing	He said he would be studying.（过去看将来某时正在进行）
15. 过去将来完成时	would have done	He said he would have finished.（过去看将来某时前完成）
16. 过去将来完成进行时	would have been doing	He said he would have been studying.（过去看将来一直持续）

15. 时态标志词（判断时态的线索）

时态	常见标志词
一般过去时	yesterday, ago, last time, last night, last year, last term, just now, once, the day before yesterday
一般将来时	tomorrow, soon, next time, next Friday, next month, at once, by the end of + 将来时间, the day after tomorrow
一般现在时	always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, every time, in the morning, once a week, never, at night, twice a month
现在进行时	now, at this moment, listen, look, at present
现在完成时	already, yet, just, so far, never, ever, before, for + 一段时间, since + 过去时间, up to now
过去完成时	by + 过去时间点, by the time, by then, before + 过去时间点, up until + 过去时间点

16. There be 句型

There is + 单数/不可数；There are + 复数；过去式用 was/were
就近原则
：There is a book and two pens on the desk.

易错：There be 表示"某地有"；have/has 表示"某人有"。

17. 特殊句式

一般疑问句
：Do you like apples? Can he swim?
特殊疑问句
：疑问词 + 一般疑问句？Where do you live?
祈使句
：Open the door. / Don't run.
感叹句
：What a nice day! / How beautiful the flower is!

18. 主谓一致

I/you/we/they + 动词原形；he/she/it + 动词第三人称单数
Tom plays football. They play football.
第三人称单数：一般加-s；s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加-es；辅音+y变ies

19. 被动语态基础

结构：be + 过去分词
一般现在时：am/is/are + done
一般过去时：was/were + done
例子：English is spoken in many countries. / The window was cleaned yesterday.

20. 非谓语动词基础

to do
：want/need/hope to do。I want to read.
doing
：like/enjoy/finish doing。She enjoys singing.
do
：let/make/help sb. do；情态动词后用动词原形
固定搭配：be good at doing; It's time to do sth.

21. 连词与基础从句

and并且, but但是, or或者, because因为, so所以
I stayed at home because it rained.
Hurry up, or you will be late.
if引导条件句：If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go to the park.

写在最后

小学英语语法看着多，其实就这些核心点。不用一次背完，每天看一块，7天过一遍，慢慢就熟了。

语法不是死记硬背的，要结合句子和阅读去理解。平时多背句子、多读短文，语法点自然就记住了。

收藏这篇，孩子哪块语法不会了，翻出来对照着看就行。

用 driiiip 轻松背单词

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