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初中英语固定搭配与短语动词全攻略:介词短语+动词短语+易混辨析,中考不再丢分

发布时间：2026-10-14 17:26:19 最近访问：2026-10-14 17:26:20
初中英语固定搭配与短语动词全攻略:介词短语+动词短语+易混辨析,中考不再丢分

固定搭配和短语动词是初中英语的"隐形得分点"——它们不考语法规则，只考你"记没记住"。完形填空、单项选择、完成句子，处处都是它们的身影。本文用分类讲解+易混辨析+中考真题，帮你一次吃透。

一、先搞清两个概念

固定搭配（collocation）：词与词按英语习惯组合，不能随意替换。例如 "make a mistake" 不能说成 "do a mistake"，"take a photo" 不能说成 "make a photo"。

短语动词（phrasal verb）：动词 + 介词 / 副词，整体构成一个新意思。例如 "look up"（查阅）、"put off"（推迟）、"take off"（脱下 / 起飞）。

中考比重：在完形填空中，约三成题目直接考查固定搭配；在"完成句子"题型中，短语动词是必考点。这部分分数"记了就有，没记就丢"，性价比极高。

二、高频介词短语
1. 时间介词 in / on / at
• in：年、月、季节、上午下午晚上（in 2024, in July, in summer, in the morning）
• on：具体某天、某天的上下午（on Monday, on March 5th, on the morning of the test）
• at：具体时刻、夜晚、年龄（at 6 o'clock, at night, at the age of 12）
口诀：in 大 on 小 at 点，夜晚年龄都用 at。
2. 地点介词 in / on / at / to
• in：内部、范围内（in the box, in the north of China 中国范围内北部）
• on：表面、毗邻（on the desk, on the wall）
• to：范围外相邻（Japan is to the east of China 日本在中国东方，不接壤）
• at：小地点、门口（at the school gate, at the bus stop）
3. 方式 / 工具介词 by / with / in
• by：交通方式、手段（by bus, by bike, by phone, by email）
• with：具体工具（with a pen, with scissors, with the help of）
• in：语言、材料（in English, in pencil）
4. 其他高频介词短语
短语含义例句
because of
由于
Because of the rain, we stayed home.
instead of
代替、而不是
Instead of TV, let's take a walk.
according to
根据
According to the report, it will rain.
with the help of
在……帮助下
With the help of my teacher, I passed.
be interested in
对……感兴趣
I'm interested in music.
look forward to
期待（to 是介词）
I look forward to your reply.
in addition to
除……之外还
In addition to English, we study math.
be proud of
为……骄傲
I'm proud of your progress.
三、核心动词短语六大金刚
1. look 系列
• look at 看（Look at the blackboard.）
• look for 寻找（I'm looking for my pen.）
• look after 照顾（She looks after her sister.）
• look forward to 期待（to 是介词，后接 doing）
• look up 查阅（Look up the word in the dictionary.）
• look out 小心（Look out! A car is coming.）
2. make 系列
• make a mistake 犯错
• make a decision 做决定
• make progress 取得进步
• make sure 确保
• make friends 交朋友
规律：make 常接抽象名词，表"造成 / 制作"某结果。
3. take 系列
• take off 脱下 / 起飞
• take care of 照顾
• take out 拿出
• take up 开始从事
• take notes 做笔记
• It takes sb. time to do 花费时间（It takes me 20 minutes to walk there.）
4. get 系列
• get up 起床
• get over 克服（get over the fear 克服恐惧）
• get used to 习惯于（to 是介词，后接 doing）
• get along with 与……相处
• get through 通过（考试等）
5. come / go / break / turn
• come up with 想出（come up with a good idea）
• go over 复习（Let's go over the points.）
• go through 经历（He went through many difficulties.）
• break out 突然发生（火灾、战争、笑声：break out laughing）
• turn on / off 打开 / 关闭
• turn into 变成
6. put / call
• put on 穿上
• put off 推迟（Don't put off your homework.）
• put up 张贴 / 搭建
• call up 打电话
• call for 呼吁、需要
四、形容词 + 介词固定搭配
形容词介词例句
good
at
He is good at math.
interested
in
She is interested in art.
afraid
of
The child is afraid of dogs.
proud
of
I'm proud of you.
strict
with
Teachers are strict with us.
different
from
This is different from that.
famous
for
China is famous for the Great Wall.
ready
for
Are you ready for the test?
worried
about
Don't be worried about it.
satisfied
with
He is satisfied with the result.
full
of
The room is full of students.
kind
to
Be kind to others.
五、十大易混搭配辨析（中考最爱考）
1. listen to vs hear

listen to 强调"听"的动作；hear 强调"听见"的结果。

I listened to the teacher but heard nothing.（我听了老师讲课，但什么也没听见。）
2. look for vs find

look for 是找的动作；find 是找的结果。

I'm looking for my book. I can't find it.（我正在找书，找不到。）
3. look at vs see

look at 主动去看；see 强调"看见"的结果。

4. speak / say / talk / tell
• speak + 语言（speak English）
• say + 内容（say hello / say sorry）
• talk + to / with（talk to him）
• tell + 人 + 事（tell me a story / tell a lie）
5. be good at vs be good for

at 表"擅长"；for 表"对……有益"。

Reading is good for your eyes? No—reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
6. be made of vs be made from

of 看得出原料（The desk is made of wood.）；from 看不出原料（Paper is made from wood.）。

7. interested vs interesting

-ed 形容人（I'm interested.）；-ing 形容物（The book is interesting.）。同理：bored / boring, excited / exciting。

8. in front of vs in the front of

前者在物体外部前方；后者在物体内部前部。

There is a tree in front of the classroom.（教室外前面有棵树。）The teacher stands in the front of the classroom.（老师在教室内部最前。）
9. agree with vs agree to

with 接人 / 观点（agree with you）；to 接计划 / 提议（agree to the plan）。

10. stop to do vs stop doing

to do 停下（手头事）去做另一件；doing 停止正在做的事。

He stopped to smoke.（他停下来去抽烟。）/ He stopped smoking.（他戒烟了。）
六、中考真题演练
例题 1（完形填空）

With the help of my teacher, I ______ the exam.

A. got through B. got up C. got on

答案：A。get through 表示"通过（考试）"；get up 起床；get on 上车 / 进展。

例题 2（完成句子）

我盼望着收到你的来信。

I'm looking forward to ______ (hear) from you.

答案：hearing。look forward to 中的 to 是介词，后接动名词 hearing，不是不定式。

例题 3（单项选择）

My mother is strict ______ me ______ my study.

A. with; in B. in; with C. to; in

答案：A。be strict with sb. in sth. 对某人在某事上严格。

例题 4（单项选择）

The book ______ easy English is for beginners.

A. written in B. written with C. written by

答案：A。in + 语言，表示"用某种语言写"。

例题 5（完成句子）

因为大雨，运动会被取消了。

______ ______ the heavy rain, the sports meeting was cancelled.

答案：Because of。because of + 名词短语；because 后接句子。

七、记忆口诀与速查
介词歌

in 大 on 小 at 点，方式 by 工具 with，语言材料都用 in。

动词短语口诀

look 看 for 找 after 照顾 up 查；make 错 decide 决 progress 进；

take off 脱 care 顾；get over 克服 used to 习惯。

形容词 + 介词

good at, interested in, afraid of, proud of, strict with, different from, famous for。

终极提醒

凡是带 to 的短语（look forward to, be used to, pay attention to, prefer...to），to 多半是介词，后面要接名词或 doing，这是中考完形和完成句子最高频的坑。

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