应用文Passage 1 · 社区“低碳生活体验日”暨旧物循环市集通告

Green Community Day: A Low-Carbon Living Fair · 模拟应用文，基于公开信息编写（某社区低碳生活体验日活动通告，含时间/地点/活动内容/报名/注意事项） · 本地 · 社区生活 · 人与社会

📌 导读：（模拟应用文，基于公开信息编写）某社区将于本周六举办“低碳生活体验日”暨旧物循环市集，提供旧物交换、堆肥工坊、低碳讲座与免费自行车维修等活动。本文为活动通告，信息密集、时间地点条件明确，适合训练细节定位与简单推理。

🔤 生词表：residents 居民（residents' committee 居委会）　low-carbon 低碳的（low-carbon life 低碳生活）　household 家庭的（household items 家居物品）　composting 堆肥（composting workshop 堆肥工坊）　environmental 环境的（environmental officer 环保官员）　fountain 喷泉　committee 委员会（residents' committee 居委会）　swap 交换（swap market 交换市集）

📖 阅读短文（约 163 词）

Join us for Green Community Day this Saturday, October 31, from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. at the Central Square! This free event invites all residents to learn easy ways to live a low-carbon life.  You can bring used books, clothes and small household items to our swap market, where neighbours exchange goods instead of buying new ones. A hands-on composting workshop will run at 10:30 and 1:30, teaching families how to turn food waste into soil. At 11:00, a short talk by the city's environmental officer will share tips on saving energy at home. We will also offer free bicycle repair near the fountain.  Please register your swap table on the community website before Friday; each table is free but limited to 30. Remember to bring your own cup, as we will not sell bottled drinks. If it rains heavily, the event will move to the Community Centre. For details, call the residents' committee or scan the QR code on the gate.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. When and where is Green Community Day held?

A. This Saturday, October 31, from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. at the Central Square.　B. Every Sunday morning at the Community Centre only.　C. On Friday evening near the fountain with no other activities.　D. This Monday at the Community Centre instead of the Central Square., according to the passage

细节理解 2. What must residents do before joining the swap market?

A. Pay a fee for each swap table they book at the gate., according to the passage　B. Register their swap table on the website before Friday.　C. Bring at least ten new clothes to sell.　D. Arrive before 8:00 a.m. to get a free bottled drink.

推理判断 3. What can we infer about the event's rules?

A. The organisers encourage buying many new bottles of water.　B. The event will be cancelled if it rains a little.　C. The event promotes reusing items and reducing waste.　D. Only committee members may join the talk.

记叙文Passage 2 · 被认为已灭绝的“毒懒猴”在印尼小岛重现

A Venomous Primate Thought Lost Returns to a Indonesian Island · 人物/探索故事，基于公开信息编写（据路透社 2026-10-20 邦加懒猴重现报道及 Alobi 野生动物救援中心资料） · 印尼 · 野生动物保护 · 人与自然

📌 导读：（人物/探索故事，基于公开信息编写）邦加懒猴是一种行动缓慢、具有毒性的奇特灵长类，自 1930 年代后被认为可能已灭绝。2026 年 10 月，路透社报道它在印尼邦加岛重新现身，一个救援组织已发现 90 多只个体并多数野放。故事展现科研与救助人员的坚持与希望。

🔤 生词表：primate 灵长类动物　venomous 有毒的（venomous bite 有毒的咬噬）　critically 极度地（critically endangered 极度濒危）　endangered 濒危的　rediscovery 重新发现　individuals 个体（复数）　released 释放、放归（released back into the wild 放归野外）　rescuer 救援人员

📖 阅读短文（约 167 词）

On a small tropical island off the coast of Sumatra, a creature thought to have vanished from science for nearly a century has appeared again. The Bangka slow loris is a slow-moving, tree-dwelling primate with a hidden weapon: a venomous bite. Last documented by scientists in the 1930s, it was later listed as criticallyendangered and possibly extinct.  In October 2026, Reuters reported its rediscovery on Bangka Island, east of Sumatra. A wildlife rescue organisation working there has found more than 90 individuals in recent years, and most have been released back into the wild. The centre's workers spent countless nights in the forest, gently catching the shy animals to check their health before letting them go.  For the team, every release felt like a small victory. "We never gave up hope," said one rescuer. The loris, once silent in the history books, now climbs the trees of Bangka again — a quiet reminder that some species can still surprise us if we keep protecting their homes.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. When was the Bangka slow loris last seen by scientists before its rediscovery?

A. In the early 2000s, when scientists studied the loris again.　B. During the 1950s, decades after scientists last saw the loris.　C. Just last year, on a different island.　D. In the 1930s, nearly a century earlier.

推理判断 2. What can we infer about the rescue team's work?

A. They showed great patience and care for the shy animals.　B. They caught the loris to keep it as a pet at home.　C. They gave up hope after the first failure in the forest., according to the passage　D. They found only a few sick animals and let them go.

主旨大意 3. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The Bangka slow loris is now safe and removed from the endangered list.　B. A possibly extinct primate was rediscovered and brought back to the wild.　C. Scientists first recorded the loris in the 1930s and lost it the next year.　D. About 900 lorises have been kept in the rescue centre for good.

词义猜测 4. The word "rediscovery" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. the act of forgetting something old　B. a final and complete disappearance　C. finding again something once known　D. a new name given by scientists

说明文Passage 3 · 瑞士冰川经历“灾难性”一年：融水超两万亿升

A "Disastrous" Year of Ice Loss for Swiss Glaciers · BBC Learning English（2026-10-19，瑞士冰川冰量流失报道） · 瑞士 · 气候与冰川 · 人与自然

📌 导读：受 2026 年夏季强烈热浪影响，瑞士冰川的冰量流失接近历史最高水平。研究人员估计，7 至 9 月冰川释放了超过两万亿升融水。文章解释冰川消融速度为何惊人，以及气候变暖对阿尔卑斯冰川存续的威胁。

🔤 生词表：glaciers 冰川（复数）　heatwave 热浪　trillion 万亿（two trillion 两万亿）　melting 融化（the melting 消融）　outpaces 超过、超越（far outpaces 远超）　Alpine 阿尔卑斯的（Alpine glaciers 阿尔卑斯冰川）　sobering 令人警醒的（sobering truth 警醒的事实）　vanish 消失、消亡

📖 阅读短文（约 144 词）

New data show that Swiss glaciers lost ice at a near-record pace in 2026, driven by an intense summer heatwave. What is extraordinary is not that the glaciers are shrinking — that is expected in a warming climate — but the sheer speed of the melting.  Researchers estimate that Swiss glaciers released more than two trillion litres of water between July and September. This loss from summer melting far outpaces any gains from winter snowfall. Scientists say the sobering truth is that the climate is now too warm for many Alpineglaciers to survive.  The record-breaking summer heat pushed temperatures high above normal, and dry conditions left little snow to protect the ice. Experts warn that, without strong action on climate change, such losses will continue. Some smaller glaciers may vanish within a generation, changing rivers, wildlife and the landscape that millions depend on.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. How much meltwater did Swiss glaciers release from July to September?

A. Less than one trillion litres in total.　B. About two billion litres, a record low.　C. More than two trillion litres of water.　D. Exactly two trillion litres, no more and no less.

词义猜测 2. The word "outpaces" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. is slower than and falls behind, according to the passage　B. is equal to in amount　C. is measured by a special tool　D. goes beyond or exceeds in speed

主旨大意 3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Record-level ice loss of Swiss glaciers and why it alarms scientists.　B. How Swiss people use glacier water for local farming.　C. The full history of winter snowfall in Europe since 1900., according to the passage　D. Why Alpine mountains are the best places for skiing.

推理判断 4. What can we infer from the passage?

A. The glaciers will grow back quickly as soon as winter arrives.　B. Continued warming may cause some glaciers to disappear.　C. The heatwave actually helped the glaciers gain more ice.　D. Switzerland has already stopped all action on climate change.

说明文Passage 4 · 研究：每天多走几步，青少年心理更健康

More Daily Steps Linked to Better Teen Mental Health · 伦敦国王学院(KCL)与马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校，JAMA Network Open（2026-10-01，对 5515 名美国青少年的追踪研究） · 美国 · 青少年健康 · 人与自我

📌 导读：一项发表于《JAMA Network Open》的研究追踪了 5515 名美国青少年，发现 11–12 岁时的日常步数越高，一年后报告的心理健康问题越少。每天不足 5000 步者问题最多，12000 步以上者最少。研究还发现步数较多者脑区皮层略厚，但仅为观察性研究，不能证明因果。

🔤 生词表：adolescents 青少年　symptoms 症状（symptoms of anxiety 焦虑症状）　anxiety 焦虑　observational 观察性的（observational study 观察性研究）　performance 表现、成绩（school performance 学业表现）　record 记录（record their steps 记录步数）　thicker 更厚的（thicker brain tissue 更厚的脑组织）　tissue 组织（brain tissue 脑组织）

📖 阅读短文（约 144 词）

A study of 5,515 U.S. adolescents, published in JAMA Network Open, found that the more daily steps teenagers took at ages 11 to 12, the fewer mental health problems they reported a year later. The young people wore Fitbit devices for about three weeks to record their steps.  Those taking under 5,000 steps a day had the most symptoms of anxiety and low mood. Teenagers averaging around 8,000 steps had fewer, and those reaching 12,000 or more had the fewest. Researchers saw no sign that the benefit stopped at any level they measured.  Interestingly, teens with higher step counts also showed slightly thicker brain tissue in two areas that help control movement and emotion. This difference partly explained the link. Still, the study was observational: it cannot prove that walking more directly caused better mental health, and it found no link with school performance.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. How many adolescents took part in the study?

A. About 515 teenagers from just two schools.　B. A total of 5,515 U.S. adolescents in the study.　C. Over 10,000 teenagers from many countries outside the U.S.　D. Just 1,200 adolescents, all aged eighteen.

词义猜测 2. The word "observational" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. based on directly watching and recording events　B. a final and complete conclusion about cause, according to the passage　C. a kind of medicine used for the brain　D. a strict rule made by the government

推理判断 3. What can we infer about the link between steps and mental health?

A. Walking more directly proves a cause-and-effect relationship.　B. The study was based only on the students' own written reports., according to the passage　C. School grades clearly rose together with step counts.　D. More steps were tied to fewer problems, but cause is unproven.

主旨大意 4. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To advise teenagers to give up all sports at school.　B. To compare the school systems of America and Britain., according to the passage　C. To prove that walking can cure every kind of illness.　D. To report a study on daily steps, mood and teen mental health.

说明文Passage 5 · 古DNA揭开西伯利亚冰河巨兽“Yak X”之谜

Ancient DNA Uncovers a Lost Ice Age Giant in Siberia · Reuters（2026-10-19，发表于《Current Biology》；西伯利亚冰河时期未知大型哺乳动物研究） · 俄罗斯 · 古DNA与考古 · 人与社会

📌 导读：科学家利用古DNA，从西伯利亚丹尼索瓦洞穴等地出土的骨片中证认出一种此前未知的大型哺乳动物“Yak X”——现代牦牛的远亲。研究显示它与现代牦牛祖先约 40 万年前分道扬镳，最年轻个体约 2.7 万年前，气候变暖可能与其灭绝有关。

🔤 生词表：fragments 碎片（bone fragments 骨片）　mammal 哺乳动物　bovine 牛科的（bovine species 牛科物种）　genomes 基因组（复数，ancient genomes 古基因组）　split 分化、分裂（split from 从……分化）　ancestors 祖先（ancestors of modern yaks 现代牦牛的祖先）　extinction 灭绝　Denisovans 丹尼索瓦人

📖 阅读短文（约 157 词）

Using ancient DNA from tiny bone fragments, scientists have identified a previously unknown large mammal that lived in Siberia during the Ice Age. Nicknamed "Yak X," it was a relative of modern yaks and belonged to a distinct bovine species that roamed across Asia for hundreds of thousands of years.  The team examined 20 bone fragments, 14 from Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains and 6 from nearby sites. Genetic analysis rebuilt 20 ancient genomes and showed that Yak X split from the ancestors of modern yaks about 400,000 years ago. The oldest bones date back around 250,000 to 200,000 years, while the youngest are about 27,000 years old.  Researchers believe Yak X may have been hunted by Denisovans, an extinct human group first identified at the cave. Climate change and shifting environments may have led to its extinction, though the exact cause remains unclear. The find shows how DNA can reveal species hidden in old bones.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. Where did most of the bone fragments come from?

A. Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains.　B. The Altai Mountains, but with only six fragments found there.　C. Nearby sites away from the cave, which held most of the pieces.　D. The Altai region, where the oldest bones date to 250,000 years.

词义猜测 2. The word "bovine" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. a kind of small bird　B. related to cattle or oxen　C. a type of freshwater fish, according to the passage　D. a group of green plants

主旨大意 3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How Denisovans built the Altai Mountains by hand.　B. Why modern yaks no longer live in Siberia today.　C. Ancient DNA revealing a lost Ice Age mammal in Siberia.　D. The complete history of genetic analysis since the year 1900.

推理判断 4. What can we infer about Yak X's disappearance?

A. It was certainly killed by a new disease, not by climate change.　B. Denisovans hunted it, which proves they caused its extinction.　C. Its bones were all from modern yaks, not a new species.　D. Climate and environment likely played a role in its extinction.

议论文Passage 6 · 复活渡渡鸟：科技奇迹还是资源错配？

Bringing Back the Dodo: A Scientific Triumph or a Misuse of Resources? · Reuters（2026-10-15，Colossal Biosciences 宣布渡渡鸟复活研究进展；含支持与质疑两方观点） · 美国 · 科技伦理 · 人与社会

📌 导读：美国生物科技公司 Colossal Biosciences 宣布在复活已灭绝的渡渡鸟方面取得进展，利用 AI 平台识别其独特头骨特征的基因变化，目标是将其重新引入毛里求斯。支持者视其为保护与科普的突破，批评者则质疑这是否挤占了拯救现存濒危物种的资源。本文呈现两方立场，引导学生思辨。

🔤 生词表：biotech 生物科技的（biotech company 生物科技公司）　extinction 灭绝（driven to extinction 被灭绝）　distinctive 独特的（distinctive head shape 独特的头骨形状）　gene 基因（gene editing 基因编辑）　conservation 保护（conservation and science 保护与科学）　ambition 雄心、抱负（technological ambition 科技雄心）　de-extinction 灭绝物种复活　native 本土的（native forest 原生森林）

📖 阅读短文（约 160 词）

A U.S. biotech company, Colossal Biosciences, says it has made progress toward bringing back the dodo, a flightless bird driven to extinction by humans on Mauritius in the 17th century. Using a new AI platform, the firm identified genetic changes behind the dodo's distinctive head shape, moving closer to its goal of gene editing the lost bird back into existence.  Supporters call the work a bold step for conservation and science. They argue that the tools developed could help protect living species and inspire public interest in nature. Some even hope a future dodo could one day walk again in its native forest.  Critics, however, are less sure. They warn that the huge sums spent on de-extinction might be better used saving animals that are still alive today. Others question whether a bird rebuilt in a lab could ever truly belong to the wild. The debate shows a real tension between technological ambition and the urgent needs of existing species.

📝 题目

推理判断 1. What can we infer about the dodo's history?

A. It still lives in small numbers on Mauritius today.　B. It was a flying bird that was saved by local people.　C. It disappeared because of a natural disaster, not humans on Mauritius.　D. Humans caused its extinction on Mauritius in the 1600s.

观点态度 2. What is the supporters' attitude toward the de-extinction project?

A. Positive and hopeful—they see it as a step for conservation.　B. Doubtful—they think the project should be stopped at once., according to the passage　C. Neutral—they refuse to express any clear view.　D. Angry—they blame the company for wasting all the money.

主旨大意 3. What is the passage mainly discussing?

A. How to train the dodo as a pet in its native forest.　B. A debate over whether reviving extinct species is wise.　C. The complete history of Mauritius since the 1600s.　D. Why the AI platform is useless for saving living species.

细节理解 4. According to critics, what is a main concern about de-extinction?

A. The dodo might fly too high and get lost forever.　B. The rebuilt bird could be dangerous to humans around., according to the passage　C. Money spent on it might be better used for living species.　D. The company has no real interest in science at all.

📑 参考答案与解析

Passage 1 · 社区“低碳生活体验日”暨旧物循环市集通告

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「Green Community Day this Saturday, October 31, from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. at the Central Square」可知活动于本周六 10 月 31 日 9:00–15:00 在中央广场举办，故选 A。B 说「仅每周日上午在社区中心」（原文只限本周六且地点为中央广场，条件偷换）；C 说「仅周五傍晚在喷泉旁」（原文是周六全天且喷泉旁只是修车点，时间地点错位）；D 说「下周一在公园」（原文为周六、中央广场，时间地点错位）。

定位：Green Community Day this Saturday, October 31, from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. at the Central Square

2. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「Please register your swap table on the community website before Friday; each table is free」可知须于周五前在网站预约且摊位免费，故选 B。A 说「到门口为每个摊位付费」（原文活动免费，偷换概念）；C 说「须带至少十件新衣售卖」（原文是带旧物交换，无中生有/扩大范围）；D 说「8 点前到可领免费瓶装饮料」（原文不卖瓶装饮料且须自带杯，部分真实关键篡改）。

定位：Please register your swap table on the community website before Friday; each table is free but limited to 30.

3. 答案：C　推理判断题。由「we will not sell bottled drinks」「exchange goods instead of buying new ones」并规定大雨才改地点，可推知活动倡导旧物再利用、减少浪费，故选 C。A 说「鼓励多买瓶装水」（原文明确不卖瓶装水，部分真实关键篡改）；B 说「下点小雨就取消」（原文是“大雨”才移至社区中心，条件偷换）；D 说「仅委员可听讲座」（原文面向全体居民，缩小范围）。

定位：we will not sell bottled drinks. If it rains heavily, the event will move to the Community Centre.

Passage 2 · 被认为已灭绝的“毒懒猴”在印尼小岛重现

1. 答案：D　细节理解题。由「Last documented by scientists in the 1930s」可知科学家上一次记录是在 1930 年代，故选 D。A 说「2000 年代初」（偷换概念）；B 说「1950 年代」（偷换概念）；C 说「就在去年、在别的岛」（原文是近百年前且就在邦加岛，时间地点错位）。

定位：Last documented by scientists in the 1930s, it was later listed as critically endangered and possibly extinct.

2. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「spent countless nights ... gently catching the shy animals to check their health before letting them go」可推知团队极有耐心且细心照料这些胆小的动物，故选 A。B 说「抓来当宠物」（原文检查后野放，部分真实关键篡改）；C 说「首次失败就放弃希望」（原文明确“从未放弃希望”，部分真实关键篡改）；D 说「只找到几只病兽」（原文发现 90 多只并多数野放，偷换概念）。

定位：The centre's workers spent countless nights in the forest, gently catching the shy animals to check their health before letting them go.

3. 答案：B　主旨大意题。全文围绕被认为可能灭绝的邦加懒猴在邦加岛重现、并被救助野放展开，故选 B。A 说「已脱险并从濒危名单移除」（原文仍是极度濒危，部分真实关键篡改）；C 说「1930 记录后次年即丢失」（原文是近百年后才重现，偷换概念）；D 说「约 900 只被长期圈养」（原文 90 多只且多数野放，偷换概念）。

定位：The Bangka slow loris ... has appeared again ... most have been released back into the wild.

4. 答案：C　词义猜测题。由「its rediscovery ... found more than 90 individuals」可知 rediscovery 指“重新发现、再次找到”曾知的事物，故选 C。A、B、D 均与“重新找到”的语境不符，为干扰项。

定位：In October 2026, Reuters reported its rediscovery on Bangka Island ... found more than 90 individuals

Passage 3 · 瑞士冰川经历“灾难性”一年：融水超两万亿升

1. 答案：C　细节理解题（数字型）。由「released more than two trillion litres of water between July and September」可知 7–9 月释放逾两万亿升，故选 C。A 说「不足一万亿」（与原文相反，偷换概念）；B 说「约二十亿且创最低」（原文两万亿且近纪录高值，偷换概念）；D 说「恰好两万亿、毫无出入」（原文是“超过”，程度失当）。

定位：Swiss glaciers released more than two trillion litres of water between July and September.

2. 答案：D　词义猜测题。由「far outpaces any gains from winter snowfall」可知夏季消融的流失远超冬季降雪的增益，outpaces 意为“超过、胜过”，故选 D。A、B、C 均与“远超”的语境不符，为干扰项。

定位：This loss from summer melting far outpaces any gains from winter snowfall.

3. 答案：A　主旨大意题。文章报道瑞士冰川近纪录水平的冰量流失及其成因与警示，故选 A。B 说「瑞士人如何用冰川水务农」（原文未提，答非所问）；C 说「欧洲冬季降雪全史」（原文未介绍，答非所问）；D 说「阿尔卑斯山最适合滑雪」（原文未涉及，答非所问）。

定位：New data show that Swiss glaciers lost ice at a near-record pace ... the climate is now too warm for many Alpine glaciers to survive.

4. 答案：B　推理判断题。由「without strong action ... such losses will continue」「Some smaller glaciers may vanish」可推知持续变暖或致部分冰川消失，故选 B。A 说「入冬即迅速恢复」（原文说夏季损失远超冬季增益，因果倒置）；C 说「热浪助长冰川增冰」（与消融相反，因果倒置）；D 说「瑞士已停止所有气候行动」（原文是呼吁加强行动，偷换概念）。

定位：without strong action on climate change, such losses will continue. Some smaller glaciers may vanish within a generation

Passage 4 · 研究：每天多走几步，青少年心理更健康

1. 答案：B　细节理解题（数字型）。由「A study of 5,515 U.S. adolescents」可知研究对象为 5515 名美国青少年，故选 B。A 把 5515 缩成 515 且限两校（偷换概念/缩小范围）；C 说「万余名多国儿童」（与 5515 名美国青少年不符，扩大范围）；D 说「仅 1200 名 18 岁」（数字与年龄均错位，偷换概念）。

定位：A study of 5,515 U.S. adolescents, published in JAMA Network Open

2. 答案：A　词义猜测题。由「the study was observational: it cannot prove that walking more directly caused better mental health」结合上下文可知 observational 指“观察性的、基于直接观察与记录的”，故选 A。B、C、D 均与“观察性研究”的释义无关，为干扰项。

定位：the study was observational: it cannot prove that walking more directly caused better mental health

3. 答案：D　推理判断题。由「it cannot prove that walking more directly caused better mental health, and it found no link with school performance」可推知步数与较少问题相关，但因果未证、且与成绩无关，故选 D。A 说「直接证明因果」（原文明确不能证明，偷换概念）；B 说「仅依据学生自报」（原文用 Fitbit 客观记录，偷换概念）；C 说「成绩随步数上升」（原文说无关联，部分真实关键篡改）。

定位：it cannot prove that walking more directly caused better mental health, and it found no link with school performance.

4. 答案：D　主旨大意题。文章报道一项关于日常步数、情绪与青少年心理健康关系的研究，故选 D。A 说「建议青少年放弃所有运动」（原文恰恰鼓励活动，答非所问）；B 说「比较美英学制」（原文未比，答非所问）；C 说「步行能治愈一切疾病」（原文仅为关联、不能证明因果，答非所问）。

定位：A study of 5,515 U.S. adolescents ... the more daily steps ... the fewer mental health problems

Passage 5 · 古DNA揭开西伯利亚冰河巨兽“Yak X”之谜

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「20 bone fragments, 14 from Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains」可知 20 块中有 14 块出自阿尔泰山丹尼索瓦洞穴，即多数来自此处，故选 A。B 说「阿尔泰山但仅 6 块」（原文洞穴就有 14 块，偷换概念）；C 说「洞穴外的附近地点占多数」（原文仅 6 块、占少数，偷换概念）；D 说「最老骨龄在阿尔泰地区」（原文未把最老骨直接归到阿尔泰地区这一结论，部分真实关键篡改）。

定位：The team examined 20 bone fragments, 14 from Denisova Cave in the Altai Mountains and 6 from nearby sites.

2. 答案：B　词义猜测题。由「a relative of modern yaks ... a distinct bovine species」可知 bovine 指“牛科的、与牛/牦牛相关的”，故选 B。A、C、D 均与“牛科动物”的释义无关，为干扰项。

定位：it was a relative of modern yaks and belonged to a distinct bovine species

3. 答案：C　主旨大意题。文章讲科学家用古DNA证认出西伯利亚冰河时期一种未知大型哺乳动物，故选 C。A 说「丹尼索瓦人徒手建造阿尔泰山」（原文未提，答非所问）；B 说「现代牦牛为何不在西伯利亚」（原文未断言，答非所问）；D 说「1900 年以来基因分析全史」（原文未介绍，答非所问）。

定位：Using ancient DNA from tiny bone fragments, scientists have identified a previously unknown large mammal that lived in Siberia during the Ice Age.

4. 答案：D　推理判断题。由「Climate change and shifting environments may have led to its extinction, though the exact cause remains unclear」可推知气候与环境变化可能与其灭绝有关，故选 D。A 说「肯定死于单一新病」（原文原因不明，程度失当）；B 说「丹尼索瓦人猎杀即证明是它们导致灭绝」（原文只说“可能曾被猎杀”，部分真实关键篡改）；C 说「骨片全来自现代牦牛、并非新物种」（原文证认为新物种，偷换概念）。

定位：Climate change and shifting environments may have led to its extinction, though the exact cause remains unclear.

Passage 6 · 复活渡渡鸟：科技奇迹还是资源错配？

1. 答案：D　推理判断题。由「a flightless bird driven to extinction by humans on Mauritius in the 17th century」可推知渡渡鸟于 17 世纪在毛里求斯被人类灭绝，故选 D。A 说「如今仍少量存活」（原文已灭绝，部分真实关键篡改）；B 说「会飞且被当地人救下」（原文不会飞且已灭绝，偷换概念）；C 说「因突发自然灾害消失」（原文归因于人类，偷换概念）。

定位：a flightless bird driven to extinction by humans on Mauritius in the 17th century.

2. 答案：A　观点态度题。支持者称该研究是“保护与科学的大胆一步”并期盼渡渡鸟重回森林，可见其积极且抱有希望，故选 A。B 说「怀疑并要求立刻停止」（与力挺相反，部分真实关键篡改）；C 说「中立不表态」（原文明确支持，答非所问）；D 说「愤怒指责公司浪费」（原文未表现此情绪，答非所问）。

定位：Supporters call the work a bold step for conservation and science ... Some even hope a future dodo could one day walk again in its native forest.

3. 答案：B　主旨大意题。文章围绕“复活灭绝物种是否明智”展开支持与质疑两方争论，故选 B。A 说「如何在家安全驯养渡渡鸟」（原文未提，答非所问）；C 说「毛里求斯自 17 世纪全史」（原文未介绍，答非所问）；D 说「AI 对生物学完全无用」（原文用 AI 研究，答非所问）。

定位：Critics, however, are less sure ... The debate shows a real tension between technological ambition and the urgent needs of existing species.

4. 答案：C　细节理解题。由「the huge sums spent on de-extinction might be better used saving animals that are still alive today」可知批评者担忧投入复活灭绝物种的资金本可更好地用于拯救现存动物，故选 C。A 说「渡渡鸟飞太高迷路」（原文未提，答非所问）；B 说「重建鸟对人类危险」（原文未提，答非所问）；D 说「公司根本无意于科学」（原文未断言，答非所问）。

定位：They warn that the huge sums spent on de-extinction might be better used saving animals that are still alive today.