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2024 届高考英语时文阅读之语法填空专项训练
专题 07
宇宙探秘
NASA makes last attempts to communicate
基础篇 NASA尝试与机遇号火星车通信
with Opportunity rover on Mars
Flagship Chinese space telescope to orbit with 中国旗舰太空望远镜与空间站一起进入
巩固篇
space station 轨道
Farthest stars in Milky Way probably stolen 银河系中最遥远的恒星可能来自另一星
提高篇
from another galaxy 系
专项微练 单句语法填空 连词专项训练
真题精选 高考模拟衔接 名校真题演练
【原创题】
【基础篇】
NASA is making last attempts 1 (communicate) with Opportunity rover on Mars, said a NASA
release on Tuesday. The agency will update Opportunity's status at 11 a.m. PST (2 p.m. EST) on Wednesday at
2 press conference in the agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. The briefing
3 (attend) by NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, associate 4 (administrate) of NASA's
Science Mission Directorate, Thomas Zurbuchen, acting director of NASA's Planetary Science Division Lori Glaze
and JPL director Michael Watkins.
If there is no response by Wednesday – 5 NASA suspects will be the case – Opportunity might be
declared 6 (die) , 15 years after arriving at the red planet, according to media reports. The rover has
not been heard from for eight months since a planet-wide dust storm on Mars in June last year. 7
the storm eventually abated and the Martian skies cleared, the rover has not communicated with Earth since then.
Mission team members have been trying to rouse the rover ever since, and they've been listening for any possible
8 (signal) from Opportunity as well.
In late January, NASA has developed a new, more powerful collection of commands to try to force the rover to
resume operations. 9 , nothing was heard from Opportunity so far. Opportunity landed on Mars onJanuary 24, 2004. The golf-cart-sized rover was designed to travel 1,006 meters and operate on the Red Planet for
90 Martian days. It had traveled over 45 km and 1 0 (log) its 5,000th Martian day back in February
2018.
【答案】
1.to communicate 2.a 3.will be attended 4.administrator 5.which
6.dead 7.Although 8.signals 9.However 10.logged
【巩固篇】
China is currently developing a large-scale space-
survey telescope that is expected 1 (bring)
pioneering scientific results after it is placed 2
orbit alongside the country's space station, a spokesperson of
the China Manned Space Agency said Friday. Lin Xiqiang,
also deputy director of the agency, said at a press
conference 3 the Chinese Survey Space Telescope, also known 4 the Chinese Space
Station Telescope (CSST) and Xuntian Space Telescope, 5 (expect) to make breakthroughs in
cosmology, dark matter and dark energy, galaxies and active galactic nuclei, Milky Way and neighboring galaxies,
star formation and evolution, and exoplanets. Lin said the high-resolution telescope will take deep-field survey
6 (observe) with an area of 17,500 square degrees, as well as fine observations of different types of celestial
bodies. He said that the telescope, 7 important part of the China Space Station, can obtain high-
definition panoramic views of the universe. It has 8 (rough) the same spatial resolution as the
Hubble Space Telescope, 9 its field of view is more than 300 times larger than the Hubble's. The
telescope will stay in the same orbit as the space station for long-term independent flight and observations, and
10 (dock) with the space station temporally for supply, maintenance and upgrading, Lin added.
【答案】
1.to bring 2.in 3.that 4.as 5.is expected
6.observations 7.an 8.roughly 9.but 10.will dock
【提高篇】
Half of the 11 farthest known stars in our galaxy that are located about 300,000 light-years from Earth might1 (rip) from another galaxy, US researchers said
Wednesday. Researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center
for Astrophysics used computer models 2
(simulate) how the Sagittarius dwarf, one of dozens of
mini-galaxies that surround our galaxy, might move over the
past eight billion years, by varying 3 (it)
initial velocity and angle of approach to the Milky Way. The study showed the Sagittarius dwarf started with a
4 (weigh) of about 10 billion times the mass of our Sun, or about one percent of the Milky Way's mass.
However, over the age of the universe, it made several loops around our galaxy, and on each passage, the
Milky Way's gravitational tides tugged on the smaller galaxy, 5 (pull) it apart like taffy. "Five of the
11 most distant stars in our galaxy have positions and velocities that match 6 you would expect of
stars stripped from the Sagittarius dwarf," they said in 7 statement. "The other six do not appear to
be from Sagittarius, but might have been removed from a different dwarf galaxy." Overall, the hapless dwarf might
have lost about a third of its stars and a full nine-tenths of its dark matter.
This resulted 8 three distinct streams of stars that reach as far as one million light-years from
the Milky Way's center. Mapping projects like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey have charted one of the three streams
9 (predict) by these simulations, but not to the full extent that the models suggest, the researchers said.
Future instruments like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, which will detect much fainter stars across the sky,
should be able to identify the other streams, they added. "The star streams 1 0 have been mapped so
far are like creeks compared to the giant river of stars we predict will be observed eventually," said lead author
Marion Dierickx of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. "More interlopers from Sagittarius are out
there just waiting to be found."
【答案】
1.have been ripped 2.to simulate 3.its 4.weight 5.pulling
6.what 7.a 8.in 9.predicted 10.that
【专项微练：连词】
1．I set my own pace, ________ I decided to take my time. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】and【详解】考查连词。句意：我调整好自己的节奏，并决定慢慢来。分析句子结构，空前和空后分别有一个
动词，故空处需要填一个连词；结合句意，前后为顺承关系。故填and。
2．Breakthrough ________ Xenobots are, concerns have been raised. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】as/though
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：Xenobots虽然是一项突破，但也引起了人们的担忧。设空处所在句为倒装结
构，考查“名词＋as/though＋主语＋系动词”，引导让步状语从句的倒装句。故填as/though。
3．Materials can be good for the environment either because they are renewable resources ________ because they
are all natural. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】or
【详解】考查连词。句意：材料对环境有益，要么是因为它们是可再生资源，要么是因为它们都是天然
的。分析句子结构可知，此处为either ... or ... 连接两个并列原因状语，表示“或者……或者……”符合句
意。故填or。
4．Ariana was leaving the dorm ________ she realized she forgot something important. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】when
【详解】考查状语从句和固定句型。句意：阿利安娜正要离开宿舍，突然意识到她忘了一件重要的东西。
此处考查句型“be doing...when...”，意为“正在做……这时突然……”。when引导时间状语从句。故填
when。
5．Richard traveled in disguise ________ was recognized and caught before reaching Vienna. （用适当的词填
空）
【答案】but
【详解】考查连词。句意：理查德乔装旅行，但在到达维也纳之前被认出并被抓获。前后为转折关系，应
用连词but，表示转折。故填but。
6．If you are walking down the mountain in the dark, however, you should always have headlamps with you,
________ it will become too dangerous. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】or/otherwise
【详解】考查连词、副词。句意：然而，如果你是在黑暗中下山，你应该随身带着大灯，否则就太危险
了。此处考查真实条件句，设空处应用连词or或副词otherwise，意为”要不然，否则”，引导并列句，用
于警告或忠告，表示逆意的条件关系，前面的条件（you should always have headlamps with you）和后面的
结果（ it will become too dangerous.）不一致。故填or/otherwise7．Not only does the movie give us joy, ________ it also makes us believe that if we love our family, we can be
brave and powerful. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】but
【详解】考查连词。句意：这部电影不仅给了我们欢乐，也让我们相信，如果我们爱我们的家人，我们可
以勇敢而强大。not only...but also意为“不仅……而且”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词but。故填but。
8．On the day of Grain Rain, people in southern China drink tea, ________ those in northern China eat the
vegetable Toona sinensis. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】while
【详解】考查连词。句意：在谷雨这一天，中国南方人喝茶，与此同时，北方人吃香椿。结合句意，此处
为将中国的南北方差异进行对比，故用while表示“而”符合句意。故填while。
9．Money is necessary for a happy life, ________ it can’t buy happiness. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】but
【详解】考查连词。句意：尽管钱对于一个快乐的生活来说很有必要，但钱并不能买来幸福。结合句意可
知，空处前后是转折关系。故填but。
10．During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ________ arranged the residential areas
according to social classes. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】and
【详解】考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结
构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
【真题精选】
（2023·江西·校联考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has been pushing space exploration boundaries on its own over the past three decades. It embarked on
(开始)a “three-step” strategy ____11____ (boost) its human space program in 1992 when ____12____ (construct) a
manned orbiting laboratory was still a flight of fancy for the Chinese people.
The first step was to send astronauts into space ____13____ ensure their safe return. The second step was to
develop advanced space flight techniques and technologies, ____14____ included extravehicular(舱外的)activity
and orbital docking(轨道对接).The ____15____ (three) step was to assemble and operate a permanent manned
space station.In April 2021, the country ____16____ (official) kicked off the in-orbit construction of its space station by
launching the core module Tianhe. “In the past 30 years, many technical difficulties ____17____ (overcome), such
as the technologies of shuttling ____18____ space and Earth, extravehicular activity, rendezvous, and docking,”
said Yang Liwei, the country’s first taikonaut in orbit since he ____19____ (enter) space with Shenzhou-5 in
October 2003.
So far, a total of 12 _____20_____ (astronaut) on four missions. Shenzhou-12, Shenzhou-13,
Shenzhou-14,and Shenzhou-15, have participated in the in-orbit construction of the space station.
【答案】
11．to boost 12．constructing 13．and 14．which 15．third 16．officially 17．have
been overcome 18．between 19．entered 20．astronauts
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的载人航天计划“三步走”战略。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：1992年，中国开始实施“三步走”战略来推进载人航天计划，当时建造载人
轨道实验室对中国人来说还是一个幻想。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处只能填非谓语动词形
式；结合句意可知，推进载人航天计划是实施“三步走”战略的目的，此处应用to do不定式。故填to
boost。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：1992年，中国开始实施“三步走”战略来推进载人航天计划，当时建造载人
轨道实验室对中国人来说还是一个幻想。分析句子可知，设空处和后面的a manned orbiting laboratory整个
短语在句中作主语，应用动名词形式。故填constructing。
13．考查并列连词。句意：第一步是将宇航员送入太空并确保他们安全返回。分析句子可知，设空处前面
的send astronauts into space和后面的ensure their safe return为并列结构，表示“将宇航员送入太空并确保他
们安全返回”，应用并列连词and。故填and。
14．考查定语从句。句意：第二步是发展先进的空间飞行技术和技术，包括舱外活动和轨道对接。分析句
子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修饰前面的space flight techniques and technologies，这是一个非限制
戏定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词表示物，应用which引导。故填which。
15．考查数词。句意：第三步是组装和运行一个永久性载人空间站。根据上文的The first step和The
second step可知，此处与前面保持一致，表示“第三步”，应用序数词。故填third。
16．考查副词。句意：2021年4月，我国发射了天河号核心舱，正式启动了空间站在轨建设。分析句子可
知，设空处在句中修饰动词短语kicked off，作状语，应用副词；official的副词形式为officially，表示“官
方地、正式地”。故填officially。17．考查动词时态语态。句意：杨利伟说：“在过去的30年里，我们已经克服了许多技术难题，比如空间
与地球之间的穿梭技术、舱外活动技术、交会对接技术。”分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动
词；主语为many technical difficulties，与动词overcome之间为被动关系，应用被动语态be done结构；结
合时间状语In the past 30 years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为复数形式，故助动词使用have。故填
have been overcome。
18．考查固定搭配。句意：杨利伟说：“在过去的30年里，我们已经克服了许多技术难题，比如空间与地
球之间的穿梭技术、舱外活动技术、交会对接技术。”shuttle between A and B为固定搭配，表示“（在两
地之间）往返运送”。故填between。
19．考查动词时态。句意：自2003年10月神舟五号进入太空以来，杨利伟是我国第一位进入轨道的宇航
员。分析句子可知，设空处在since引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，应用动词；结合时间状语in October
2003可知，此处表示过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填entered。
20．考查名词。句意：到目前为止，共有12名宇航员执行了四次任务。根据前面的数字12可知，此处应
用名词的复数形式。故填astronauts。
（2022秋·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内
单词的正确形式。
Over the past few years, the interest in exploring Mars has grown, with some important ___21___ (discovery)
about it. They raise further questions about the past atmosphere of Mars and scientists ultimately want to know
whether or not it was ___22___ (suit) for life.
Images taken by the European Space Agency’s Mars Express satellite show the marks that ___23___ ancient
network of rivers left on the ___24___ (planet) surface. The valleys formed as they would on earth, ___25___ a
strong flow of water carving its way through the landscape.
___26___ is less clear is where the water came from. Due to a lack of knowledge about the past climate of
Mars, scientists cannot tell whether it came from melting glaciers (冰川), groundwater ___27___ something
unheard of, though some researchers are doubtful whether liquid water was responsible for the marks ___28___
(see) by the satellite. They say other materials such as sand or dust can flow like a liquid and produce similar
results.
Mars formed more than 4.5 billion years ago and there is no liquid water on the surface of it today. But
scientists generally believe it ___29___ (go) through an early wet and warm era that ended after 1.5 billion to 2.5
billion years, ___30___ (leave) the planet extremely dry and cold.【答案】
21．discoveries 22．suitable 23．an 24．planet’s 25．with 26．What 27．or 28．
seen 29．went 30．leaving
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人们对火星是否适合生命存在的探索。
21．考查名词的复数。句意：在过去的几年里，随着一些关于火星的重要发现，人们对探索火星的兴趣有
所增长。discovery意为“发现”，是可数名词，前面有some，因此空格处用复数，故填discoveries。
22．考查形容词。句意：它们提出了关于火星过去大气层的进一步问题，科学家最终想知道它是否适合生
命存在。空格处用形容词作表语，suit的形容词形式是suitable，意为“适合的”，故填suitable。
23．考查冠词。句意：欧洲航天局的火星快车卫星拍摄的图像显示，火星表面留下了古老的河流网络的痕
迹。network是可数名词，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，ancient是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故
填an。
24．考查名词所有格。句意：欧洲航天局的火星快车卫星拍摄的图像显示，火星表面留下了古老的河流网
络的痕迹。根据语境可知，planet和surface之间是所属关系，空格处用名词所有格planet’s，故填
planet’s。
25．考查介词。句意：山谷的形成就像它们在地球上一样，强劲的水流在景观中蜿蜒流过。根据语境可
知，“a strong flow of water carving its way through the landscape”是伴随前面动作的，因此空格处用介词
with表伴随，故填with。
26．考查主语从句。句意：不太清楚的是水从哪里来。分析可知，空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少
主语，句子表示“不太清楚是事情”，空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填
What。
27．考查连词。句意：由于缺乏对火星过去气候的了解，科学家们无法判断它是来自融化的冰川、地下水
还是一些闻所未闻的东西，尽管一些研究人员怀疑液态水是否造成了卫星上看到的痕迹。根据语境可知，
“melting glaciers (冰川), groundwater”和“something unheard of”是并列关系，由前面的whether可知，空格
处用or，表示“或者”，whether...or...表示“是……还是……”，故填or。
28．考查过去分词。句意：由于缺乏对火星过去气候的了解，科学家们无法判断它是来自融化的冰川、地
下水还是一些闻所未闻的东西，尽管一些研究人员怀疑液态水是否造成了卫星上看到的痕迹。分析可知，
空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填seen。
29．考查时态。句意：但科学家们普遍认为，它经历了一个早期的潮湿和温暖的时代，在15亿年到25亿
年之后结束，使地球变得极其干燥和寒冷。分析可知，空格处是宾语从句的谓语，句子描述过去的事情，
时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填went。30．考查现在分词。句意：但科学家们普遍认为，它经历了一个早期的潮湿和温暖的时代，在15亿年到
25亿年之后结束，使地球变得极其干燥和寒冷。believe后的宾语从句中，谓语是went，空格处用非谓语动
词，前面描述的事情和leave之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词，作结果状语。故填leaving。
（2022·安徽合肥·合肥一中三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
Have you ever wondered what happens to all of the old objects launched into space, such as rockets and
satellites? It's called space junk, and much of it is still out there now. One large piece of space junk, ___31___
disused rocket, hit the dark side of the moon on March 4. The rocket's origin is not clear, but scientists know that it
was massive— ___32___ （weigh）about 3 tons.
What is ___33___ （significance）about this space junk crash is that it draws attention to some of the
potential ___34___ （danger）of space junk. First, the accumulation of space junk in Earth's orbit means that
satellites and the International Space Station（ISS）are at risk. In 2016, tiny space debris（残骸）, ___35___
measured smaller than a millimeter, caused a tiny chip in the ISS' window. Imagine the damage that a ___36___
（large）piece of debris could cause. The European Space Agency website states that objects “up to 1 cm in size
could ___37___ （able）an instrument or a critical flight system on a satellite” while objects over 10cm “could
shatter a satellite or spacecraft into pieces”. In addition to potential damage ___38___ spacecraft and satellites,
space junk also poses a threat to the Earth ___39___ （it）. Crashes can send debris into the atmosphere where it
can remain for many decades. Some powerful collisions can even send large debris hurtling（猛冲）toward Earth's
surface where it can affect the local environment. Leftover rocket debris can contain toxic materials that ___40___
（be）harmful to plants and animal life. Some people in Siberia have even reported serious health problems after
rocket debris landed in their regions in 2012, a local doctor told the BBC．
【答案】
31．a 32．weighing 33．significant 34．dangers 35．which 36．larger 37．disable
38．to 39．itself 40．are
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一次太空垃圾撞击事件引起了人们对太空垃圾潜在危险的关
注。
31．考查冠词。句意：一大片太空垃圾，一个未使用的火箭，在 3 月 4 日撞击了月球的黑暗面。分析句
意可知，此处用不定冠词泛指“一个”未使用的火箭，又因为disused的发音以辅音开头，所以应该用a。
故填a。32．考查非谓语动词。句意：火箭的来源并不清楚，但科学家指导它体积巨大，重达3吨。分析句式结构
可知，此处应该用非谓语动词作伴随状语，因为火箭和重达是主动关系，所以此处用提示词的现在分词形
式。故填weighing。
33．考查形容词。句意：关于这个太空垃圾重要的是它引起人们去关注太空垃圾潜在的一些危险。分析句
式结构可知，系动词后加形容词作表语，所以此处应该用形容词。故填significant。
34．考查名词的复数。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，danger为可数名词，some of+可数名词复数，故
填dangers。
35．考查定语从句。句意：2016 年，细小的太空残骸，比一毫米更小，造成了国际空间站的窗户的缺
口。分析句式结构可知，此处为定语从句，且先行词 tiny space debris在从句中做主语，表事物，所以应该
用关系代词which来引导，故填which。
36．考查形容词比较级。句意：想象一下一块更大的碎片可能造成的破坏。分析句意可知，此处与前文第
5小题是对比关系，所以此处应该用比较级。故填larger。
37．考查动词。句意：欧洲宇航局网站说，大于一厘米的物体能够毁坏卫星上的器械或关键的飞行系统，
而大于 10 厘米就能够撕碎卫星或飞行器。分析句意可知，此处应该用提示词的反义词，表示“使不能
够、毁坏”符合语境，could后接动词原形。故填stable。
38．考查介词。句意：除了给卫星或飞行器带来的潜在危害外，太空垃圾还可能给地球本身带来威胁。分
析句式结构可知，此处用介词to构成固定搭配damage to sth。故填to。
39．考查反身代词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处用反身代词表示“地球本身”符合语境。故填
itself。
40．考查主谓一致。句意：剩余的火箭残骸可能包含对动植物有害的物质。分析句式结构可知，主语
Leftover rocket debris为复数名词，且时态为一般现在时，所以谓语动词用are。故填are。
