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2024 届高考英语时文阅读之语法填空专项训练
专题 06
全球气候
基础篇 NASA releases climate strategy 美国国家航空航天局发布气候战略
巩固篇 China pledges to address climate change 中国承诺应对气候变化
提高篇 Syria set to sign up to Paris climate deal 叙利亚将签署巴黎气候协议
专项微练 单句语法填空 介词专项训练
真题精选 高考模拟衔接 名校真题演练
【原创题】
【基础篇】
The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA) released 1 climate strategy on Wednesday
to expand agency-wide efforts 2 (counter) climate
challenge. The strategy assesses NASA's climate portfolio
across the agency, 3 (extend) beyond science and
exploration efforts, to include every mission directorate and
NASA facility, the agency said in 4 statement.
"With new 5 (mission) coming online in 2023 to observe air pollution, Earth's water to help improve
climate models, 6 the increasing intensity of storms, NASA-powered observations of our planet are at the
core of 7 we study the effects of climate change," the agency 8 (say) . NASA's efforts also
extend to aeronautics engineering, seeking to advance greener aerospace technology development, it added. "This
strategy 9 (help) NASA integrate our understanding of climate across the agency and 1 0 our
partnerships to better serve the public," said Kate Calvin, NASA's chief scientist and senior climate advisor.
【答案】
1.its 2.to counter 3.extending 4.a 5.missions6.and 7.how 8.said 9.will help 10.in
【巩固篇】
China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment 1
(release) the "China's Policies and Actions to Address Climate
Change 2022 Annual Report" at a press conference on Thursday,
2 (cover) five areas: China's new deployment to address
climate change, measures to mitigate climate change, how to adapt
to climate change, improving the policy system and support,
3 actively participating in the global governance of climate change.
China has always attached great importance to addressing climate change and 4 (make) positive
progress, with CO2 emissions per unit of GDP declining significantly and reversing the rapid 5 (grow)
of CO2 emissions. Li Gao, director of the Department of Climate Change, said that according to preliminary
calculations, China's CO2 emissions per unit of GDP in 2021 dropped 6 50.8 percent compared to 2005,
and the proportion of non-fossil energy in energy consumption has reached 16.6 percent. "We have successfully
launched the world's largest carbon emissions trading market covering greenhouse gas emissions, 7 is a
very impressive achievement," Li said. However, China's complex climatic conditions and overall fragile
ecological environment make it vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, and extreme weather has been
frequent in some parts of China this summer, seriously impacting people's lives.
Li said China will enhance climate change monitoring and early warning and risk management, 8
(strong) the observation network of climate change and risk assessment. "The next step is to implement the
national strategy to address climate change. China will continue to reduce pollution and carbon, actively peak
carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality, and 9 (order) promote the construction of the
national carbon emissions trading market," Li said. In addition, COP27, which 1 0 (hold) in Sharm el-
Sheikh, Egypt, is an important meeting in the multilateral climate process, and China is willing to work with all
parties in accordance with the principles of openness, transparency, broad participation and consensus to advance
the meeting's theme of "implementation."
【答案】
1.released 2.covering 3.and 4.has made 5.growth
6.by 7.which 8.strengthen 9.orderly 10.will be held【提高篇】
The Bonn climate change conference produced
unexpected news on Tuesday: Syria plans to sign up to
the Paris climate deal. " 1 is our understanding
that the government of Syria announced today 2
(they) intent to join the Paris Agreement," Nick Nuttall,
the spokesman for the UN climate body, told AFP. The
move 3 (leave) the US as the only country seeking to be outside the “common cause” deal to curb global
warming. The Trump administration intends to 4 (formal) leave the Paris Climate Accord by the year
2020.
5 (draw) attention to the acute threat of rising sea levels, this year's 23rd United Nations Climate
Change Conference of Parties (COP 23) is presided over by the Pacific island nation of Fiji while technically
6 (host) by Germany. The key objective of the two-week conference 7 (be) to formulate uniform
standards for measuring and 8 (report) greenhouse gas emissions with a view to the objectives agreed to in
Paris. Syria was unable to participate in the 2015 conference which first witnessed the entry of states into the Paris
climate accord due to its simultaneously raging civil war and UN sanctions 9 the government of President
Bashar Al-Assad.
Nicaragua was the only other country initially outside the deal, but it signed up in October 2017. France is
organizing another multilateral climate summit in Paris which will take place on the second anniversary of the
original conference, December 12. A spokesperson for French President Emmanuel Macron said 1 0 US
President Donald Trump was "not invited so far."
【答案】
1.It 2.their 3.would leave 4.formally 5.To draw
6.being hosted 7.is 8.reporting 9.against 10.that
【专项微练：介词】
1．The train to Beijing will depart________platform 6 in five minutes. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】from【详解】考查介词。句意：去北京的火车将在5分钟后从6号站台开出。根据句意和空格前的动词depart
分析句子可知，空格处应该填入介词from和动词depart搭配：depart from（从……出发）。故填from。
2．This country is short ________ natural resources but rich in human resources. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】of
【详解】考查介词。句意：这个国家自然资源匮乏，但人力资源丰富。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语be
short of“缺乏……”，满足句意要求，所以此处为介词of的填入。故填of。
3．I am doing a project ________ behalf of my school about global warming. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】on
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我正在代表我的学校做一个关于全球变暖的项目。根据空后的“behalf of”
可推知，空处用on，构成固定短语on behalf of…，表示“代表……”。故填on。
4．Their salaries decrease annually ________ one hundred dollars. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】by
【详解】考查介词。句意：他们的工资每年减少一百美元。分析句子可知， decrease by后面直接加减少的
数量或者程度，该句表示“每年减少一百美元”为减少的程度。故填by。
5．The operation must be carefully planned so that the loss of blood would be decreased ________a minimum.(用
适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意：手术必须仔细计划，以便把失血减少到最低限度。结合句意空处应填介词to，
decrease to...意为“减少到……”，固定搭配。故填to。
6．They greet each other ________a hug and say Merry Christmas! (用适当的词填空)
【答案】with
【详解】考查介词。句意：他们互相拥抱打招呼，说圣诞快乐！结合句意此处应填介词with，greet sb
with...意为“以……迎接……，以……接待……”，固定搭配。故填with。
7．In Helen maternal love was stronger ________ comparison than any other. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】beyond/without
【详解】考查介词。句意：海伦的母爱比其他任何爱都强烈。结合句意表示“无与伦比”用beyond
comparison或without comparison 。故填beyond或without。
8．The study found that crime of the city is________ the decrease. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】on
【详解】考查介词。句意：研究发现这个城市的犯罪率正在下降。结合句意此处应填介词on，on the
decrease意为“在下降”，固定搭配。故填on。9．We may well compare the little girl ________ a kitten. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【详解】考查介词。句意：我们可能把这个小姑娘比作小猫。compare ...to...可表示“把...比喻/比作”，二
者有共同特征时使用。故填to。
10．Before she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret _________ me. (用
适当的词填空)
【答案】from
【详解】考查介词。句意：在她还没来得及反应，我给了她一个紧紧的拥抱，并告诉她她没有必要向我保
密。keep a secret from sb.“对某人保密”是固定短语。故填from。
【真题精选】
（2023·广西南宁·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Farmland is taking much of the planet. A new global map___11___ (collect) from a satellite shows that the
fields of corn, rice and other crops___12___ (eat) up more than 1 million additional square kilometers of land in the
past two decades.
“The rough march of the human footprint is rather___13___ (violence),”says researcher Matt Hansen. The
food needs of a fast-growing population in Africa are driving the expansion. But the study also highlights how
Earth's land is becoming___14___ global farm, with wealthier countries outsourcing crop production to
poorer____15____ (region). New fields have replaced forests and other natural ecosystems that stored large
amounts of carbon, ___16___ (threaten)the efforts to conserve biodiversity and stop climate change.
However, the study does tell some hopeful trends. Over the study period, the total quantity of plants increased
by 25%. The study also highlights the need to improve cropland productivity in Africa, ___17___has the world’s
lowest crop output, meaning that more land___18___ (need) to grow a given amount of food. “If the world wants to
solve climate change,” Hansen says, “from a___19___ (pure) self-interested viewpoint, it needs to support Africa
____20____ solving its land use challenge.”
【答案】
11．collected 12．have eaten 13．violent 14．a 15．regions 16．threatening 17．
which 18．is needed 19．purely 20．in/by【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要说明农业耕作占用过多土地资源对气候变化造成影响及土地资源利
用率低等问题。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：一颗卫星收集的一份新的全球地图显示，在过去20年里，玉米、水稻和其他
作物的田地已经额外吞噬了100多万平方公里的土地。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词shows，设空处
只能填非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语A new global map与动词collect之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，整个
分词短语作后置定语。故填collected。
12．考查动词时态。句意：一颗卫星收集的一份新的全球地图显示，在过去20年里，玉米、水稻和其他作
物的田地已经额外吞噬了100多万平方公里的土地。分析句子可知，设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓
语，主语the fields of corn, rice and other crops与动词eat之间为主动关系，根据时间状语in the past two
decades可知，此处应用现在完成时have/has done结构，主语为复数形式，故谓语也用复数形式。故填
have eaten。
13．考查形容词。句意：人类足迹的艰难行进相当暴力。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作表语，且受副词
rather修饰，应用形容词，violence的形容词形式为violent，表示“暴力的”。故填violent。
14．考查冠词。句意：但这项研究也强调了地球的土地正在如何成为一个全球农场。分析句子可知，设空
处位于短语global farm前，farm为可数名词，此处泛指“一个全球农场”，应用不定冠词，global为辅音
音素发音，应用a。故填a。
15．考查名词。句意：富裕国家将作物生产外包给较贫穷的地区。分析句子可知，设空处位于形容词
poorer后，应用名词；结合前面的countries可知，此处应与其对应，故也应用名词复数形式。故填
regions。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：新的农田取代了储存大量碳的森林和其他自然生态系统，威胁着保护生物多
样性和阻止气候变化的努力。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语，设空处只能填非谓语动词形式；结合句意可
知，新的农田取代了储存大量碳的森林和其他自然生态系统，这威胁着保护生物多样性好阻止气候变化的
努力，整个非谓语动词短语作结果状语，应用现在分词。故填threatening。
17．考查定语从句。句意：这项研究还强调了提高非洲农田生产力的必要性，非洲的作物产量是世界上最
低的，这意味着需要更多的土地来种植给定数量的粮食。分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个从句，修
饰前面的Africa，这是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词表示物，应用which引导。故填
which。
18．考查动词时态语态。句意：这项研究还强调了提高非洲农田生产力的必要性，非洲的作物产量是世界
上最低的，这意味着需要更多的土地来种植给定数量的粮食。分析句子可知，设空处在that引导的宾语从
句中作谓语，主语more land与动词need之间为被动关系，应用被动语态be done结构；结合句意及其他谓语动词时态可知，此处是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语land为不可数名词，故谓语
应用单数形式。故填is needed。
19．考查副词。句意：从纯粹的自我利益的角度来看，它需要支持非洲解决其土地使用的挑战。分析句子
可知，设空处在句中修饰后面的形容词，作状语，应用副词形式；pure的副词形式为purely，表示“纯粹
地、完全地”。故填purely。
20．考查介词。句意：从纯粹的自我利益的角度来看，它需要支持非洲解决其土地使用的挑战。根据句意
可知，此处表示“支持……做某事”，support sb/sth in/by doing sth为固定搭配。故填in或by。
（2023·江苏高三期末）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Illegal ivory (象牙) hunting once posed a significant threat to Kenya’s elephants. But now the giants of the
animal kingdom ___21___(face) an even bigger risk: climate change.
In the past years, Kenyan ___22___(official) have cracked down on hunting, ___23___ has targeted giraffes
for their meat, bones and hair and elephants for their ivory tusks. But as Kenya battles its worst drought in four
decades, the crisis is killing 20 times more elephants ___24___ hunting. In Tsavo National Park much wildlife
___25___(flee) in recent years in search of water. To survive, elephants require vast landscapes for food. Adults can
consume 300 pounds of food and more than 50 gallons of water ___26___ day. But rivers, soil and grassland are
drying up, ___27___(result) in poor and deadly environment.
In the last year, at least 179 elephants have died of thirst, while hunting has claimed the lives of fewer than 10,
Kenyan Tourism and Wildlife Secretary Najib Balala told the BBC． “It is a red alarm.” he said of the crisis.
Balala suggested that ___28___ much time and effort has been spent tackling illegal hunting that
___29___(environment) issues have been ignored. “We have forgotten to invest into biodiversity
____30____(manage) and ecosystems,” he said. “Something must be done to deal with climate change.”
【答案】
21．are facing 22．officials 23．which 24．than 25．has fled 26．a 27．resulting
28．so 29．environmental 30．management
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述以前非法猎杀对大象构成严重威胁，但是现在气候变化给大象带来
更大的危险。
21．考查时态。句意：但现在，动物王国的巨人们正面临着更大的风险：气候变化。设空处为谓语，根据
时间状语now可知应用现在进行时，主语the giants，谓语用复数形式，故填are facing。22．考查名词的数。句意：在过去的几年里，肯尼亚大学的官员们已经严厉打击了狩猎活动，比如猎取长
颈鹿的肉、骨头、毛发和大象的象牙。设空处为主语，应用名词，根据后面谓语have cracked down，可知
主语应用复数形式，故填officials。
23．考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词hunting，关系代
词在从句中作主语，故填which。
24．考查介词。句意：但随着肯尼亚与40年来最严重的干旱作斗争，这场危机杀死的大象数量是狩猎的
20倍。根据前面的20 times more elephants可知前后是比较，应该用介词than，故填than。
25．考查时态。句意：在察沃国家公园，许多野生动物近年来为了寻找水源而逃离。设空处为谓语，根据
时间状语in recent years可知应用现在完成时，主语是much wildlife，谓语用第三人称单数，故填has fled。
26．考查冠词。句意：成年大象每天可以消耗300磅的食物和超过50加仑的水。根据句意可知设空处意思
为“每，一”，可以用不定冠词，故填a。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，河流、土壤和草地正在干涸，导致了恶劣和致命的环境。设空处为非
谓语，和句子的主语之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填resulting。
28．考查状语从句。句意：巴拉拉认为，人们在解决非法狩猎问题上花费了太多的时间和精力，而忽视了
环境问题。分析可知本句为结果状语从句，用so/such…that…连接，意为“如此……以至于……”，so后
面一般接形容词或副词，such后面一般接名词，设空处后面是名词，但是有much修饰，所以应用so，故
填so。
29．考查形容词。句意：同上。设空处修饰名词作定语，应用形容词，故填environmental。
30．考查名词。句意：我们忘记了投资于生物多样性管理和生态系统，”他说。设空处是宾语，应用名词
形式，故填management。
（2023·内蒙古阿拉善盟一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The world’s oceans reached their hottest level in recorded history last year, supercharging (加剧) extreme
weather events, scientists have reported. They found that the five hottest recorded years in the oceans
___31___(occur) since 2015, and that the rate of heating since 1986 was eight times higher than ___32___ from
1960-85. Oceans cover 71% of the planet and water can absorb thousands of times more heat than air, ___33___ is
why 93% of global heating is taken up by seas.
Hotter oceans destroy rainfall patterns, which ___34___(lead) to floods, droughts and wildfires. Heat also
causes seawater ___35___ (expand) and drives up sea levels. Scientists expect about one metre of sea level rise bythe end of the century, ___36___(threaten) 150 million people. Higher temperatures in the seas are also harming
marine (海洋的) life, with ___37___ number of ocean heatwaves increasing ___38___(sharp).
The study also finds that the sinking of surface waters and upwelling of deeper water is reducing as the seas
heat up. This means the surface layers heats up even further and fewer nutrients for marine life are brought up from
the ___39___(deep).
“The oceans reached yet another new record level of warmth in 2020,____40____ a record drop in global
carbon emissions (排放). The planet will continue to warm up as long as we emit carbon into the atmosphere,” said
Prof Michael Mann of Penn State University.
【答案】
31．had occurred 32．that 33．which 34．leads 35．to expand 36．threatening 37．
the 38．sharply 39．depths 40．despite
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球海平面上升的现状和其所带来的危害。
31．考查动词和时态。句意：他们发现，海洋有记录以来最热的5年发生在2015年之后，1986年以来的
升温速度1960-1985年的8倍。句子表述的事情发生在2015年之后的5年，即在过去的过去，应用过去完
成时。故填had occurred。
32．考查代词。句意：他们发现，海洋有记录以来最热的5年发生在2015年之后，1986年以来的升温速
度1960-1985年的8倍。本处是并列成分（主语之间）的比较，than后用that代替主语the rate of heating。
故填that。
33．考查定语从句。句意：海洋覆盖了地球的71%，水吸收的热量是空气的数千倍，这就是为什么全球
93%的热量都来自海洋。本处是非限定性定语从句，空处是引导词，指代前面整个句子，用which。故填
which。
34．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：更热的海洋破坏了降雨模式，会导致洪水、干旱和野火。本句是非
限定性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，故谓语用单数形式；从句表述客观真理，用一般现在时。故填
leads。
35．考查非谓语动词。句意：高温还会导致海水膨胀，使海平面上升。cause sb. to do是固定用法，译为
“导致……做某事”。故填to expand。
36．考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家预计，到本世纪末，海平面将上升约1米，威胁到1.5亿人。本句已
有谓语，空处用非谓语；sea level rise与threaten之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填
threatening。37．考查固定搭配。句意：更高的海洋温度也在伤害海洋生物，海洋热浪的数量急剧增加。本处表示
“……的数量”，用固定搭配the number of。故填the。
38．考查副词。句意：更高的海洋温度也在伤害海洋生物，海洋热浪的数量急剧增加。空处缺副词作状
语，修饰形容词increasing。故填sharply。
39．考查名词。句意：这意味着表层温度进一步升高，海洋生物从深处获得的营养物质更少。空处填名词
作介词 from的宾语；根据英文提示，空处填表示“深处”的词，用depth的复数形式depths。故填
depths。
40．考查介词。句意：2020年，尽管全球碳排放出现了创纪录的下降，但海洋温度又达到了创纪录的水
平。空处表示“尽管”，后接名词性短语，可用despite。故填despite。
