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2024 届高考英语时文阅读之语法填空专项训练
专题 03
人文地理
What was lost in Lahaina, a glittering jewel of
基础篇 夏威夷拉海纳的损失
the Hawaiian Kingdom
What really caused the collapse of the Mayan
巩固篇 玛雅文明探究
civilization?
How would you draw an elephant if you’d
提高篇 怎样画出从未见过的大象
never seen one?
专项微练 单句语法填空 动词专项训练
真题精选 高考模拟衔接 名校真题演练
【原创题】
【基础篇】
Lāhainā has always been a survivor. The coastal town in
West Maui has endured and evolved, from serving as the former
capital of the Hawaiian Kingdom to emerging as 1
important whaling port that inspired Herman Melville to
immortalize the era in Moby Dick. But wildfires—the deadliest
in the state's history—have decimated much of the coastal town,
2 (claim) at least 96 lives and destroying hundreds of
homes and buildings, including important historic and 3
(culture) sites. Once known as Lele, 4 translates to
“relentless sun,” severe drought conditions in Lāhainā coupled
with high winds from Hurricane Dora, which passed 5
the south of the state, fed the flames.
The fire in Lāhainā spread quickly and cruelly, and the loss of this historic town—one of the best-preserved
historic sites in Hawaiʻi, where you could visit more than 60 historic sites scattered across 55 acres— 6(be) unfathomable. “It’s just, just horrible,” says Zita Cup Choy, renowned Native Hawaiian historian at ʻIolani
Palace in Honolulu, whose family is from Maui. “ 7 (lose) a part of the history where my kūpuna
(ancestors) grew up is just sad.” “As far as we know, there isn’t any location in Hawaiʻi where you could walk
down the street and actually walk through time, 8 now that’s lost,” says Kimberly Flook, deputy
executive director of the Lāhainā Restoration Foundation, a Maui-based nonprofit that oversees 14 major historic
9 (structure) in Lāhainā. But what was the historical significance of Lāhainā? This is 1 0 was lost
to the wildfires.
【答案】
1.an 2.claiming 3.cultural 4.which 5.to
6.is 7.To lose 8.and 9.structures 10.what
【巩固篇】
Maya civilization once stretched across a vast territory
in Mesoamerica, in what is today southern Mexico and
Central America. It was home 1 thriving cities
and thousands of people, 2 over the course of
two centuries, major cities would be emptied, with their
grand temples 3 (abandon) and vivid artworks
unfinished.
Much like its ending, 4 exact beginning of
Maya culture has been difficult to pin down. Many scholars
believe it first coalesced sometime between 7000 B.C. and 2000 B.C. after hunter-gatherers from South America
moved into Mesoamerica and settled there. Sometime around 4000 B.C., cultivation of corn, their staple crop,
exploded, 5 (allow) Maya culture to flourish and expand.
Interaction with the neighboring Olmec civilization 6 (believe) to have spurred advances in Maya
architecture, resulting in the construction of huge ritual 7 (complex) surrounded by cities. Among the
most important urban centers 8 (be) Uxmal, Palenque, Chichén Itzá, Tikal, Copán, and Calakmul. Built
during the Classic period (A.D. 200-900), the Maya’s soaring pyramid temples 9 grand buildings—
believed by some to be palaces—were 1 0 (rich) decorated with sacred art dedicated to the gods.
【答案】1.to 2.but 3.abandoned 4.the 5.allowing
6.is believed 7.complexes 8.were 9.and 10.richly
【提高篇】
For illustrators in medieval Europe, depicting
animals like elephants 1 they’d never set
eyes on was a key part of their task to shape the 2
(moral) of humankind. 3 mattered most was
what such creatures represented in Christian spiritual
terms—and so 4 lion might represent the
virtues of strength and courage, 5 a snake
and its venom could represent sin.
Such depictions appeared alongside biblical stories
and in extraordinary illuminated manuscripts— 6
(include) illustrated bestiaries—created by hand before printing became dominant in the 16th century. And among
the 7 (early) medieval European representations of fantastic beasts were elephants. 8 (they)
bond with their solitary children represented devotion, while stories of elephants taking care 9 (be)
gentle around smaller animals symbolized kindness to others. Elephants were also said to represent the spiritual
redemption of Jesus Christ, possibly because they had the strength to easily lift a person out of sin.
The problem was, however, that few artists in medieval Europe had ever seen a real elephant—instead they
created an astonishing variety of fabulous pachyderms that still 1 0 (fascinate) today.
【答案】
1.that 2.morality 3.What 4.a 5.while
6.including 7.earliest 8.Their 9.to be 10.fascinates
【专项微练：动词】
1．The foreigner tried to make himself ___________(understand), but failed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】understood【详解】考查过去分词。句意：那个外国人试图让别人听懂他的话，但没有成功。句子的主语为tried。设
空处应用非谓语动词，understand与逻辑主语himself之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作宾补。故填
understood。
2．The teacher makes it a rule to have his students ________ (read) English every morning for half an hour. (所给
词的适当形式填空)
【答案】read
【详解】考查动词。句意：老师规定学生每天早上读半个小时的英语。分析句子结构，此句have为使役动
词，have sb do sth使某人做某事，此处作宾语补足语，用动词原形，read符合题意。故填read。
3．She _________(towering) over other dancers of her generation. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】towers/towered
【详解】考查动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：她比同一代的其他舞者都高。分析句子可知，句中缺少谓语
动词，空处需用towering的动词形式tower，表示“高出”。句子可能是描述现在存在的状态，也可能是描
述过去存在的状态，一般现在时和一般过去时都符合句意。一般现在时的情况下，主语She是单数，谓语
动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填towers/towered。
4．The Internet makes it more ________(convenience) for us to get in touch with each other. (所给词的适当形式
填空)
【答案】convenient
【详解】考查形容词。句意：互联网为我们彼此联系提供了便利。分析题意，在“make+宾语+宾补”的结
构中，宾补部分可用形容词convenient充当，意为“方便的，便利的”。故填convenient。
5．Any experience can teach and ________(strength) you, particularly the more difficult ones. （所给词的适当
形式填空）
【答案】strengthen
【详解】考查动词。句意：任何经历都能让你学到东西并使你变得更强大，特别是那些比较困难的经历。
空格处需要一个动词原形与teach一起放在情态动词can后面，作并列谓语动词，所给词strength为名词，
其动词拼写为strengthen意为“使变强大，加强”符合句意。故填strengthen。
6．What he learned from school_______________(able) him to get through the work. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】enabled
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他在学校所学的知识使他能够完成这项工作。分析句子，该空需要一个动
词作谓语，前面what引导了主语从句；提示词able为形容词，其动词形式enable符合句意，enablesomebody to do something意为“使得某人能够做某事”；根据主语从句谓语learned可判断主句谓语动词应
使用一般过去时。故填enabled。
7．Drunk driving not only affects our daily life, but may also _____ (threat) people’s lives. (所给词的适当形式填
空)
【答案】threaten
【详解】考查动词。句意：酒驾不仅影响我们的日常生活，而且还可能威胁到人们的生命。may是情态动
词，其后跟动词原形，threat的动词是threaten。故填threaten。
8．Sending a card is one of the appropriate ways you may appreciate _______________ (express) your
thankfulness to your teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】expressing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：寄卡片是表达你对老师感激之情的适当方式之一。根据所给句子分析可
知，此处需要使用非谓语动词，作appreciate的宾语，与主语you是主动关系，因此需要使用动名词形式构
成appreciate doing sth.结构，故填expressing。
9．In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able ________(select) the right tool for the job, in most cases, by
visual recognition alone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to select
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：实验中，在大多数情况下Goffin的凤头鹦鹉仅通过视觉识别，就能够选择
正确的工具。根据固定结构be able to do sth. 能够做某事，可知，此处需使用to select。故填to select。
10．But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him _____ (put) his hand in cold
water. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】put
【详解】考查动词。句意：但是杰夫的手碰到了灼热的炉子，他痛苦地叫了一声。珍娜让他把手放进冷水
里。结合句意此处make为使役动词，make sb do sth意为“使某人做某事，让某人做某事”。故填put。
【真题精选】
（2023·郑州高三统考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Each morning, 68-year-old amateur cyclist Cui Yue starts his ride along the Tanglai Canal in Yinchuan, capital
of northwest China’s Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, ____11____(enjoy) the picturesque natural
seeneries.____12____(Cycle) along the canal allows him to experience the city’s improving ecology.The over-2,000-year-old canal that Cui frequents ____13____(build) during the Han Dynasty (202 BC — AD
220). It aimed at bringing the Yellow River water to present-day Ningxia ____14____ helping turn the region with
tracts (大片土地) of deserts into arable land. Through the ages, it is still functioning as an ecological corridor and is
the largest ____15____(natural) flowing trunk canal in the Yellow River irrigation area.
Along the canal’s 75-km section running through urban Yinchuan, several parks have been built with walking
and cycling ____16____(route), contributing to the city’s expanding green space ____17____(map) out for public
leisure.
Thanks to ____18____(technology) innovations, water-saving measures, and environmental protection, the
water volume in Tanglai Canal has increased about fivefold ____19____ 1 billion cubic meters in the past few
years, irrigating farmland for 185 days a year. “Tanglai Canal is a great ancient water conservancy project in
Ningxia, _____20_____ still benefits local people more than 2,000 years later,” said Cui. “The ancient canal will
inject more vitality into the agricultural and ecological development of cities along it.”
【答案】
11．to enjoy 12．Cycling 13．was built 14．and 15．naturally 16．routes 17．
mapped 18．technological 19．to 20．which
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了宁夏银川的唐莱运河，包括它的历史、建造目的和生态作用，如
今唐莱运河的生态逐渐改善，发挥着农业和生态的双重作用。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：每天早上，68岁的业余自行车手崔悦都会沿着中国西北部宁夏回族自治区首
府银川的唐莱运河骑行，欣赏风景如画的自然风光。分析句子可知，句子成分完整，空处用非谓语动词，
enjoy the picturesque natural seeneries是starts his ride的目的，因此用enjoy不定式的形式to enjoy作目的状
语。故填to enjoy。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：沿着运河骑自行车让他感受到了城市生态的改善。分析句子可知，空处作句
子的主语，描述一件已知的事，应用Cycle的动名词形式Cycling，句首单词首字母大写。故填Cycling。
13．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：崔悦经常经过的这条运河建于汉代（公元前202年—公元220
年），已有2000多年的历史。时间状语为during the Han Dynasty，句子用一般过去时，描述过去发生的事
情，主语canal和build之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，且canal为单数，空处谓语动词
用第三人称单数形式。故填was built。
14．考查连词。句意：它的目的是把黄河的水引到今天的宁夏，并帮助把大片的沙漠变成耕地。分析句子
可知，空后的helping和前面的bringing并列，作介词at的宾语，空处需用连词and把两者连接起来。故填
and。15．考查副词。句意：古往今来，它仍然发挥着生态廊道的作用，是黄河灌区最大的自然流动干渠。分析
句子可知，空处修饰定语形容词flowing，需用natural的副词形式naturally，表示“自然地”。故填
naturally。
16．考查名词的数。句意：运河全长75公里，贯穿银川市，沿途修建了几座公园，设有步行和自行车道，
为银川市不断扩大的公共休闲绿地做出了贡献。结合句意和常识可知，公园内设置的步行和自行车道不止
一个，空处需用route的复数形式routes。故填routes。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：运河全长75公里，贯穿银川市，沿途修建了几座公园，设有步行和自行车
道，为银川市不断扩大的公共休闲绿地做出了贡献。分析句子可知，空处作green space的后置定语，需用
非谓语动词的形式，且green space和map之间为被动关系，空处用map的过去分词形式mapped。map out
sth.为固定短语，意为“仔细规划，计划”。故填mapped。
18．考查形容词。句意：由于技术创新、节水措施和环境保护，唐莱运河的水量在过去几年中增加了约5
倍，达到10亿立方米，每年灌溉农田185天。分析句子可知，空处是修饰innovations的定语，需用
technology的形容词形式technological，表示“技术的”。故填technological。
19．考查介词。句意：由于技术创新、节水措施和环境保护，唐莱运河的水量在过去几年中增加了约5
倍，达到10亿立方米，每年灌溉农田185天。根据空前“increased about fivefold”和空后“1 billion cubic
meters”可知，此处表示水量增长了，达到10亿立方米，表示“达到”需用介词to。故填to。
20．考查定语从句。句意：崔悦说：“唐莱运河是宁夏一项伟大的古代水利工程，2000多年后仍在造福当
地人民。”分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Tanglai Canal进行补充说明，从句中缺
少主语，空处应用关系代词which。故填which。
（2023·大同一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dujiangyan is the oldest man-made water system in the world, and ____21____ wonder in the development of
Chinese science. Built over 2,200 years ago in ____22____ is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this
____23____ (amaze) engineering achievement is still used today ____24____ (irrigate) over 6,000 square
kilometres of farmland, take away floodwater and provide water for 50 cities in the province.
In the Warring States Period of ancient China, Li Bing, the ____25____ (govern) of Sichuan, found that the
floods, happened frequently in the rainy season, and water storage was short during the dry season. Therefore,
____26____ (base) on the geographic features of the MinJiang River, and without doing any damage to the
____27____ (nature) environment, he built a special structure dam known as Dujiangyan to direct water and divertfloods and sand. Thanks to the dam, the region would no longer be ____28____ (flood) during the rainy season,
and water supply would be sufficient in the dry season.
Dujiangyan ____29____ (function) for more than 2,200 years. Even the earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8
____30____ the Richter scale (里氏震级) in 2008, which happened near the dam, didn’t destroy it. Dujiangyan
reflects the idea that the land water and people can live in harmony.
【答案】
21．a 22．what 23．amazing 24．to irrigate 25．governor 26．based 27．natural
28．flooded 29．has functioned 30．on
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是都江堰的重要性。
21．考查冠词。句意：都江堰是世界上最古老的人工水系，也是中国科学发展史上的一个奇迹。wonder意
为“奇迹”，是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，wonder的发音是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用
a，故填a。
22．考查宾语从句。句意：这个了不起的工程成就建于2200多年前，位于中国西南部的四川省，至今仍用
于灌溉6000多平方公里的农田，带走洪水，并为该省50个城市供水。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中
缺少主语，此处表示“位于中国西南部的四川省”这件事，因此用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
23．考查形容词。句意：这个了不起的工程成就建于2200多年前，位于中国西南部的四川省，至今仍用于
灌溉6000多平方公里的农田，带走洪水，并为该省50个城市供水。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词
“engineering achievement”，engineering achievement是物，因此用ing结尾的形容词amazing修饰，意为
“惊人的，了不起的”，故填amazing。
24．考查不定式。句意：这个了不起的工程成就建于2200多年前，位于中国西南部的四川省，至今仍用于
灌溉6000多平方公里的农田，带走洪水，并为该省50个城市供水。根据语境和句意可知，空格处用不定
式表目的，故填to irrigate。
25．考查名词。句意：在中国古代的战国时期，四川总督李冰发现洪水在雨季频繁发生，而在旱季储水不
足。空格处意为“总督”，应用名词governor作同位语，特指李冰，因此空格处用单数，故填governor。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，他根据岷江的地理特点，在不破坏自然环境的情况下，建造了一座特
殊结构的大坝，称为都江堰，用于引水分流洪沙。句中built是谓语，空格处用非谓语动词，be base on是
固定短语，意为“根据”，此处省去be用过去分词作状语。故填based。
27．考查形容词。句意：因此，他根据岷江的地理特点，在不破坏自然环境的情况下，建造了一座特殊结
构的大坝，称为都江堰，用于引水分流洪沙。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词environment，nature的形
容词是natural，意为“自然的”，故填natural。28．考查被动语态。句意：由于大坝的修建，该地区在雨季将不再被洪水淹没，旱季的水供应也将充足。
地区是被淹没，句子用被动语态，空前有would be，因此空格处用过去分词，故填flooded。
29．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：都江堰已经运行了2200多年。由“for more than 2,200 years”可知，句子
时态用现在完成时，主语Dujiangyan是第三人称单数，因此空格处是has functioned。故填has functioned。
30．考查介词。句意：即使是2008年发生在大坝附近的里氏7.8级地震也没有摧毁大坝。on the Richter
scale意为“里氏震级”，因此空格处是介词on，故填on。
（2023·佛山二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Despite its rapid industrialization, there are still some corners in China that have maintained its original color.
Ancient towns and villages in China are places ____31____ traditions are well preserved in terms of
architecture, lifestyle and folk customs. All of these can be found in Huangyao Ancient Town, one of the most-
visited tourist ____32____(spot) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
____33____(cover) an area of 3.6 square kilometers, Huangyao has a history of nearly 1,000 years
____34____ its origins dating back to the Song Dynasty. People ____35____(carry) on traditional festivals and
customs here for hundreds of years up to now. During Chinese Lunar New Year, over 20 traditional performances
____36____(hold), including the dragon dance and suona horn show. On July 14 in the Chinese lunar calendar,
residents often come to the riverbank and put lanterns into the river ____37____(celebrate) Zhongyuan Jie, the
Hungry Ghost Festival.
Black soybean is often added to its local food to create an ____38____(extreme) distinctive flavor. When you
visit, Huangyao tofu is ____39____ must-try local dish as it is sold only in this town.
It usually takes a day or two to tour around the old town due to its small size, but you can always stay
_____40_____(long) to experience more of its local hospitality and culture.
【答案】
31．where/whose 32．spots 33．Covering 34．with 35．have carried 36．are held
37．to celebrate 38．extremely 39．a 40．longer
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了黄姚古镇，古镇有悠久的历史，传统习俗保存得很好，特色美食
值得一尝，游客可以领会当地人的热情和地方文化。
31．考查定语从句。句意：中国的古镇和村庄是建筑、生活方式和民俗方面传统得以保存的地方。分析句
子可知，空处需引导定语从句，修饰先行词places，places在从句中可以作地点状语，也可以作traditions
的定语，因此用关系副词where或关系代词whose。故填where/whose。32．考查名词的数。句意：所有这些都可以在黄姚古镇找到，黄姚古镇是广西壮族自治区访问量最大的旅
游景点之一。根据句中的“one of”可知，空处需用spot的复数形式，表示“众多访问量最大的旅游景点中
的一个”。故填spots。
33．考查非谓语动词。句意：黄姚占地3.6平方公里，有近千年的历史，其起源可以追溯到宋代。分析句
子可知，空处需用非谓语动词的形式，作状语，Huangyao和cover之间是主动关系，需用cover的现在分
词形式，且空处位于句首，covering首字母需大写。故填Covering。
34．考查介词。句意：黄姚占地3.6平方公里，有近千年的历史，其起源可以追溯到宋代。根据句中的
“its origins dating back to the Song Dynasty”可知，此处应用with sth. doing的复合结构，表示黄姚历史拥有
的起源，空处应用介词with。故填with。
35．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几百年来，这里的传统节日和习俗一直延续至今。空处作句子的谓语，
时间状语为for hundreds of years up to now，应用现在完成时，主语People是复数，谓语动词也用复数形
式。故填have carried。
36．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在中国农历新年期间，这里举行20多种传统表演，包括舞龙和唢呐
表演。空处作句子的谓语，句子描述的是现在的规律性的事件，应用一般现在时，performances和hold之
间是被动关系，需用被动语态，且performances为复数，be动词用are。故填are held。
37．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国农历七月十四日，居民们经常来到河边，在河里放灯笼来庆祝中元
节，也就是鬼节。分析句子可知，空处需用非谓语动词的形式，celebrate是put lanterns into the river的目
的，需用不定式。故填to celebrate。
38．考查副词。句意：黑豆经常被添加到当地的食物中，以创造出一种非常独特的味道。分析句子可知，
空处修饰定语distinctive，应用extreme的副词形式extremely，表示“非常”。故填extremely。
39．考查冠词。句意：当你来这里的时候，黄姚豆腐是一种必须尝试的当地美食，因为它只在这个镇上出
售。分析句子可知，空处是泛指，表示“一种必须尝试的当地美食”，用不定冠词，must-try以辅音音素
开头，用a。故填a。
40．考查副词比较级。句意：由于古镇面积不大，通常需要一两天的时间来游览，但你可以多待一段时
间，更多地体验当地的热情好客和文化。根据句中的“It usually takes a day or two to tour around the old town
due to its small size”和“but”可知，此处有语义的转折，虽然游览古镇需要的时间不多，但是可以待久一
点，空处需用副词的比较级和more of呼应，表示“更久”。故填longer。
