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专题 23 语法填空
2024年
Text 1
【2024 新课标Ⅰ卷】Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s
Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how
the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function)
structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝).
These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the
structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey
influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____
first time. These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path
offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the
southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought
the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in
England.
【答案】56. engineering
57. functional
58. to give
59. closed 60. walks
.
61 the 62. favorites
63. as 64. which##that
65. richness
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国
家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路
的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短
语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。
【57题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，
应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。
【58题详解】
的
考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖 日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth. to
do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to
give。
【59题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作
表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。
【60题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。
walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现
在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
【61题详解】
考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for
the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。
【62题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意
为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。
故填favorites。
【63题详解】
考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西
南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，
定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。
【64题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英
国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系
词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西
南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，
定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填
richness。
Text 2
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known
as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s
hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there
are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare
Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I
happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and
Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two
years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs
Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said Edmondson, adding
that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the
two great writers.
___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting
Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It
was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____45____ see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【答案】36. who
37. themes 38. were
39. to 40. inspired41. was built
42. visibility
43. to find
44. Recalling
45. and
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和
共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提
高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——
埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非
限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【37题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但
他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语
为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
【38题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧
《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态
可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。
【39题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹
亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。
故填to。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟
步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词
“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
【41题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟
步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时
态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动
语态。故填was built。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿
过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知
名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游
客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原
因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特
拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何
被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，
用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福
德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演
的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为
并列结构，用and连接。故填and。
Text 3
,
【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level the national parks, in particular,
tend ____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ____42____（treasure）
of American heritage（遗产）. How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-
September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ____43____ is now northwestern
Wyoming. They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome
weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should ____45____（do）with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with____46____（it）unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47____all people of the
nation to enjoy—as a national park. They all agreed and vowed（承诺）to promote the idea at the ____48____
（complete）of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became
a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the
____49____（large）United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern
Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3
million acres.
【答案】41. to catch
42. treasures
43. what 44. were
45. be done
46. its 47. for
48. completion
49. largest
50. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，
决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏并为此做出了许多努力。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、
种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故
填to catch。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用
复数形式，故填treasures。
【43题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放
松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，
作介词in的宾语，故填what。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可
知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
【45题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do
是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。
【46题详解】
考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家
的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
【47题详解】
考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作
宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。
【49题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地 220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念
碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本
空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊
莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填
largest。
【50题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指
物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。
Text 4
【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___
(rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12___ (self-aware). When we slow down, we create space to
reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us
the opportunity to make right choices. To practise this, we need to establish clear ___14___ (boundary) in our
personal and professional life.
【答案】11. to rest
12. self-awareness13. gives 14. boundaries
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了慢下来对个人成长的重要意义。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。take (the) time to do sth.为固
定搭配，表示“花时间做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填to rest。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：花时间休息可以让我们发展出更深层次的自我意识。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词
self-awareness，sense of self-awareness表示“自我意识”。故填self-awareness。
【13题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我们放慢脚步时，我们会创造空间来反思我们的想法和情绪，这有助于我
们确定生活中的重要领域，并给我们做出正确选择的机会。which引导的非限制性定语从句中，根据helps
可知，从句使用一般现在时，which指代前边的整个句子，所以从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式gives，
gives与helps并列，作并列谓语。故填gives。
【14题详解】
考场名词的数。句意：为了实践这一点，我们需要在个人和职业生活中建立明确的界限。句中boundary是
可数名词，表示“界限”，根据空后in our personal and professional life可知，此处表示不止一个界限，名
词应用复数形式boundaries。故填boundaries。
Text 5
【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. And
when ___16___ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, ___17___
doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat
too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said.
【答案】15. was named
16. asked 17. who
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上最长寿的人John Tinniswood及其长寿秘诀。
【15题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根
据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语JohnTinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was
named。
【16题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间
状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与
主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。
空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代
词who引导从句。故填who。
Text 6
【2024 浙江 1 月卷】The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that.
However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ____36____ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make
sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ____37____ you can’t use what you’ve bought while
it’s still fresh.
Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____38____ will make them the most
money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ____39____ they’ll promote. But that
leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ____40____
(criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a
few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller
packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some
supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves
containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, ____44____ other stays fresh.
Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ____45____ (one) may yet come out with a whole
range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
【答案】36. to benefit
37. or 38. that##which
39. what 40. criticism41. be offered
42. have started
43. designed
44. the 45. ones
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。
【36题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据
“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作
目的状语。故填to benefit。
【37题详解】
考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。
either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少
主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
【39题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾
语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据
“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
【41题详解】
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包
装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。
在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
【42题详解】
考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。
根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
【43题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以
应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”，为固定
搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
【45题详解】
考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供
特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。
2023年语法填空
Test 1
【2023 年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate
dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ____36____ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite
Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether
____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38____ to put the
whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the ____39____
(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town
of Nanxiang as Xiao long hao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less
soup, and the wrappers are pressed ____40____ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao
have a fine skin, allowing them ____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or
spilling any of ____42____ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with ____43____ touch of sweetness and
the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ____44____ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always
left _____45_____ (want) more next time.
【答案】36. tasty 37. to bite 38. or 39. recognized 40. by 41. to be lifted
42. their 43. a 44. rarely 45. wanting
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及
制作方法等等。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜
欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放
进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列
作宾语，故填to bite。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，
让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔
才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词
recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，
而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会
撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾
语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式
to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
【42题详解】
考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕
裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；
稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。
修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句
意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。
Test 2
【2023年全国乙卷】Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to
museums, narrow hutong ____41____ royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even
down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ____42____ (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of
modern life, with 21st-century architectural ____44____ (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings
of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, ____45____ somehow these two very different
worlds make a good combination. ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze)
by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly
growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___48___ (record) everything I discovered.
The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while
stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I
could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】41. to 42. built 43. which##that 44. wonders 45. but 46. Having visited
47. was amazed 48. recording 49. remarkable 50. means
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，
同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，
并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从
它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to
museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，
即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示
“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。
【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑
奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，
所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
【44题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹
与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the
past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual
contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good
combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市
如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主
动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时
态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。
【47题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市
如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to
keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之
间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.
花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。
【49题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总
是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰
名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
【50题详解】
考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句
时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
Test 3
【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to
pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables
date to the ___42___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson
says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at
children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence
with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone.
___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She
warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___48___
saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is
a more weighty ___49___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that
has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】41. to teach 42. sixth 43. as 44. where 45. borrowing 46. intended
47. Different 48. for 49. warning 50. be employed
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达
“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
【42题详解】
考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。
century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
【43题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
【44题详解】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起
享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为
town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一
起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语
动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故
填borrowing。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打
算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
【47题详解】
考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……
不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility
for对……负责。故填for。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句
中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
【50题详解】
考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真
理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动
词原形。故填be employed。
Test 4
【2023年北京卷】Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by
their complex roots. When ____14____(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
Mangroves can help soften waves and protect ____15____(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they
are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with
mangroves.
【答案】14. seen 15. cities 16. has established【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。红树林，生长在陆地和海洋之间，有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海
风的侵袭，到目前为止，中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。
【14题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，
当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主
语为the mangrove forests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为when
they are seen from afar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。
【15题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，
为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。
【16题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)
可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
Test 5
【2023年北京卷】Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call
attention ____17____ global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago,
____18____ thousands were attending a water conference.She called for action ____19____(address)the struggles
of people around the world ____20____(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged
others to take part by running through a global campaign called“Run Blue”.
【答案】17. to 18. where 19. to address 20. facing
【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。尼娜在32个国家跑过马拉松。她所有的跑步活动都有一个目的：呼
吁人们关注全球水资源问题。最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了
一个水会议。她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。她的努力鼓励其他
人参与到一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来。
【17题详解】
考查介词。句意：她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的：呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。表示“关注”短
语为call attention to。故填to。
【18题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水
会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句
子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句
子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。
Test 6
【2023 年浙江 1 月卷】During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 56
arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 57 (original)meaning
“water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 58 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles
by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center
of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60
(feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined
by 61 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their
siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 62 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were
narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 63
capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 64
(event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace,
and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 65 culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【答案】56．and 57．originally 58．surrounded 59．were permitted 60．featured 61．
spacious 62．simpler 63．as 64．events 65．the
【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
56．考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可
知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
57．考查副词。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词
meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结
构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
59．考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，
空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用
一般过去时。故填were permitted。
60．考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横
梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般
过去时。故填featured。
61．考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形
容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
62．考查形容词比较级。句意：他们的四合院规模要小很多，并且在设计和装饰上更加简单，并且胡同也
更窄。根据句子结构和and可知，空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填
simpler。
63．考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一
些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填
as。
64．考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至
有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，
应用复数形式。故填events。
65．考查冠词。句意：与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同所反映出的是
草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知，此处culture表示特指概
念，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
2022年语法填空
Test 1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda
National Park(GPNP). ___36___ (cover)an area about three times ___37___ size of Yellowstone National Park,
the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant
number of areas that ___38___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant
pandas under one authority ___39___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___40___ (design)toreflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems,
preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___41___ leaving behind precious natural
assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate
___42___ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and ___43___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population
in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___44___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and
animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection
for all the species ___45___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the
ecosystem in the area.
【答案】36. Covering 37. the 38. were 39. to increase 40. is designed
41. and 42. populations 43. eventually 44. as 45. that
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空
处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，
首字母大写。故填Covering。
【37题详解】
考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构
为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
【38题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫
保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中
作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知
从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护
区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用
动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
【40题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主
语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，
主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
【41题详解】
考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓
冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊
猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数
的形式。故填populations。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊
猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填
eventually。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短
语：serve as (充当)。故填as。
【45题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显
著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句
中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
Test 2
【2022年全国乙卷】May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially
___41___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___42___ festival, a number of events took
place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main
promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___44___ (large) tea-producing country, China
has a ___45___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
It can help to build a community with a ___46___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls forpeople working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___47___ cultural
exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the
initiative.
___48___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional
activities on social media, ___49___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-
six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____50____
(it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】41. by 42. the 43. addressed 44. largest 45. responsibility
46. shared 47. and 48. To strengthen 49. inviting 50. its
【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日，中国商会博物馆所举办
的一系列活动。
【41题详解】
考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处
表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这一节日，周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。特指
International Tea Day这一节日，所以用定冠词the。故填the。
【43题详解】
考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填addressed。
【44题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与
其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的
最高级形式。故填largest。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家
共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
【46题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。非
谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。【47题详解】
考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合
作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故
填and。
【48题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请
了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与
年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请
了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event
与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。
【50题详解】
考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第一个展览：大道遗真——普洱茶
专题展。名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
Test 3
【2022年北京卷】Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ____14____
(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine
____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks.
Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the
alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
.
【答案】14. supported 15 whether 16. has
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因，是因为
人们对气味的偏好是习得的，这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。
14.【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，
空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用
过去分词表被动。故填supported。
15.【解析】
考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语
从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
16.【解析】
考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在
陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动
词要用单三形式。故填has。
Test 4
【2022年浙江卷6月】To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But
how can a painting ___36___ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell
you not ___37___ (do). John Olson, a former ___38___ (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully
textured 3D models.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ___39___ blind because we don’t see with just
Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the
visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their ___40___ (exist) senses,
in a way similar to that of ___41___ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ___42___ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of
Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ___43___ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see
when you look at it,” he said.
For Luc, this means ___44___ (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it ___45___ to form my
opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。
36. be appreciated 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？
主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动
语态。 故填be appreciated。
37. to do【解析】考查不定式。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do
sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
38. photographer 【解析】考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为
全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语，根据句意表示“摄影师”，此处为单数概念，故填photographer。
39. the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看；我
们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”，the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。40. existing【解析】考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，
盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。故填
existing。
41. sighted【解析】考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，
盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表
示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。
42. at 【解析】考查介词。句意：Luc Gandarias今年13岁，7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时，用介
词at。故填at。
43. noticed 【解析】考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻
注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
44. independence【解析】考查名词。句意：对卢克来说，这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作
mean的宾语。 故填independence。
45. and【解析】考查连词。句意：能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意
可知，前后为并列关系，所以用and来连接。故填and。
Test 5
【2022年浙江卷1月】Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a
small but growing minority of academics 36 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane 37（view） as important for
scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 38 （be） now questioning that idea
pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 39 ( change ) their personal behavior to
do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 40
(rough ) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists 41 ( promise ) to fly as little as possible since the
effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 42 she could do so
remotely; about three-quarters of 43 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the
44 (invite ) . That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans
45 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ”，she says, "a really positive change."
【答案】36. who/that 37.is viewed/has been viewed 38.are 39. changing 40.roughly
41.have promised 42.whether/if 43.the 44. invitation 45.to continue
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践，目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候 变化危机。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者
中 的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词 academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主
语， 应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
【37题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件
事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认
知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
【38题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的
机 会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处
也应 使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为
了 尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处 and连接
并列 的动词 questioning 和 change,故填 changing«
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有 200个学者，
他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly “粗略地大约”，故填roughly。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者,
他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填
have promised o
【42题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出
现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if “是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内，故填the。
【44题详解】考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词 decline的宾语，故填
invitation
o
【45题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词 plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth “计划做”，
故 填 to continue o
Test 6
【2022年浙江卷6月】To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But
how can a painting ___36___ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell
you not ___37___ (do). John Olson, a former ___38___ (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully
textured 3D models.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ___39___ blind because we don’t see with just
Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the
visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their ___40___ (exist) senses,
in a way similar to that of ___41___ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ___42___ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of
Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ___43___ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see
when you look at it,” he said.
For Luc, this means ___44___ (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it ___45___ to form my
opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。
36. be appreciated 【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？
主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动
语态。 故填be appreciated。
37. to do【解析】考查不定式。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do
sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
38. photographer 【解析】考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全
纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语，根据句意表示“摄影师”，此处为单数概念，故填photographer。
39. the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看；我
们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”，the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。
40. existing【解析】考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。故填
existing。
41. sighted【解析】考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲
人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示
“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。
42. at 【解析】考查介词。句意：Luc Gandarias今年13岁，7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时，用介
词at。故填at。
43. noticed 【解析】考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注
意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
44. independence【解析】考查名词。句意：对卢克来说，这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean
的宾语。 故填independence。
45. and【解析】考查连词。句意：能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意
可知，前后为并列关系，所以用and来连接。故填and。
2021年语法填空
Test 1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The
Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The
rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will
____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the
temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us
____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for
the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,
still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____
(ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s
memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished
61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
【56题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应
用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
【57题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。
human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
【58题详解】
考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词 help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填
undoubtedly。
【59题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the
+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
【60题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充
说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
【61题详解】
考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，
“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形
式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
故填was。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一
个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a
place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了
一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词 aching“疼痛的”修饰
名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
【64题详解】考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。
对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句
的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
【65题详解】
考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的
事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应
用a。故填a。
Test2
【2021年全国乙卷】 Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It
is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about the areas -
both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation
and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely
accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made
it desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types
___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following
principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique
biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim
____70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】61. educated 62. development 63. its 64. until 65. the 66. of
67. visiting 68. financial 69. Activities 70. to have
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅游。但是由于
与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上，生态旅游必须满
足一些规定。【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化
特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配 become
educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
【62题详解】
考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特
色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词 the可知，此处填入名词
development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
【63题详解】
考查代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin可知，此处形容词
性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
【64题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示
“直到 20世纪 80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型
“not……until……”。故填until。
【65题详解】
考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分
析句子结构可知，空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and
adventure travel”可知，此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
【66题详解】
考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。
various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。
【67题详解】
考查动名词。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形
式来作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
【68题详解】
考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词 aid可知，空格处应填形容词来
修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短
语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
Test 3
【2021年北京卷】Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____11____
(idea)．Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything
____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it ____13____
(connect) things，your brain tums them into a story,and you get a dream．
【答案】11. ideas
12. that 13. connects
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们为什么会做梦的原因。
【11题详解】
考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，
形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。
分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词 everything，关系词在定语从句中
作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
【13题详解】
考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语
动词tums可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数 it，所以空处谓语动词需用
单数。故填connects。
Test 4
【2021年北京卷】Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his
day．While riding his bike home ____14____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman
wandering the streets by herself．The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____
she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____（safe） wait for the
police to take her home．【答案】14. on 15. where 16. safely
【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了生活博主Sam救助一个老妇人的故事。
【14题详解】
考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在
街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故
填on。
【15题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，
此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词
wait用副词作状语，故填safely。
Test 5
【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the
past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United
Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD
2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical
need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention.
【答案】17. has been 18. caused 19. resulting 20. to invest
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章指出过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大
程度上是由全球气温上升造成的，引发重大自然灾害，造成了极大的经济损失，因此人们急需投资于灾害
预防。
【17题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大
程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语 over the past 20 years 可知，此处使用现在完成时，a
dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，
应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。
【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美
元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用
现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应
用不定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。
Test 6
【2021年浙江卷1月】In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries,
the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 36 ． that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in
rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 37 ． gives an indication of whether someone is a
healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 38 ． (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 39 ． (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 40 ． 2. 1 in women and men. In
cities, however, the gain 41 ． (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in
the geography of BMI. Tn 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 42 ． (study)
had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and
rural people in many countries had narrowed 43 ． (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 44 ． (live) in the countryside, including 45 ． (low)
levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标，主要是由于农村地区的体重指
数（BMI）增加了，并分析了其中的原因。
36．考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的人们
体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide are
getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并列
关系，故填and。
37．考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。
分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
38．考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25
之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
39．考查动词被动语态。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到
25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（a BMI）是单数，时态是一般现在时，
且主语和consider是表被动关系，故填is considered。
40．考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase
by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by
符合语境，故填by。
41．考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：然而，在城市中，女性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构
可知，句子缺少谓语，主语（gain）是单数，时态是一般过去时，故填was。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于
农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语
是countries，表被动关系，故填studied。
43．考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，
sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，
较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非
谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。
45．考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水
平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，
且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
2020年语法填空
Test 1
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The
unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61. (touch)
down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is 62. (extreme) challenging.
Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit
above the moon in a spot 63. it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of
particular 64. (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 65. the familiar
near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas of the
South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says,＂because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct)＂ Data
about the moon’s composition, such as how 69. ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide
whether 70. (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家，文章主要介绍了中国无人月
球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
61. .考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南
极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
62. 考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的
副词形式，故填extremely。
63. 考查定语从句。句意：中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点，人造卫星可以在这个
点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是a spot，关系词替代先行
词在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
64. 考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，
interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
65. 考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介
词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。
66. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此
处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
67. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家 Carle Pieters说：
“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，
此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与
主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语 the moon
是单数，故填is constructed。
69. 考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来
月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
70. 考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans可知，此处应使用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
Test 2
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61. (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth
63. (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more 64. decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make
great gifs and you see them many times 65. (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office.
66. (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67. health, abundance
and a happy home. They are easy 68. (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69. (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾)
make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70. first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They
represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
61. 考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填
celebration。
62. 考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从
句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填
carries。
63. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，
所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填
coming。
64. 考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them
指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
66. 考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改
变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
67. 考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。
故填with。
68. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。
故填to care。
69. 考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
70. 考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠
词the。故填the。
Test 3
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps,
postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36. (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical
objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37. until they died, and then it was
given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38. (form) the core collection
of the British Museum 39. opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a
museum’s collection 41. (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can
play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in history or 43.
(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people
experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical 44. (accurate) is important but so is
entertainment. Museums must compete 45. people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most
museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来的好处和面临的挑战。
36. 考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词
people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
37. 考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里，直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世，然后这些藏品被捐给
一家博物馆。根据语境可知，前后陈述的是两者可能性，应使用连词or:或者。故填or。
38. 考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。
此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
39. 考查定语从句。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。
此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是the British Museum，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代
词which/that引导。故填which/that。
40. 考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应
使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
41. 考查主谓一致。句意:通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museum’s collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most
of it is stored away or used for research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
42. 考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时
期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors，意为“他们自己”，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
43. 考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史
时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth.
“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
44. 考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应
使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
45. 考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete
for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
Test 4
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their
own websites or for second and third graders____36____（begin）computer classes. At the same time, computer
games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop____37____
（education）computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become
a____38____（require）for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool
in most____39____（profession）
The Digital World is a set of volumes____40____aim to describe how digital systems influence society and
help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set
explores____41____wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems,
____42____discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics____43____
（be）practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and
explain the basic principles of technology. Readers____44____（encourage）to continue exploring the digital
world with the guidance of_____45_____（we）Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版的背景和目的等方面信息。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站，二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课，
这些都很常见。本题考查“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”结构，该结构it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。
故填to begin。【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：与此同时，电脑游戏越来越受欢迎，主要出版社继续为学前儿童开发教育电脑程序。
修饰名词computer programs，前用形容词形式。故填educational。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，在日益数字化的世界中，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算机已
成为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后接名词作宾语，根据前面的不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形
式。故填requirement。
【39题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：此外，在日益数字化的世界中，技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件，因为计算
机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词profession为可数名词，根据前面的most修饰可知用复数形式。故
填professions。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本
质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that
引导。故填that/which。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了他们
对日常生活的影响。a range of 一套；一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料，解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念，并讨论了他们
对日常生活的影响。前后句为并列关系，所以用连词and。故填and。
【43题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的，所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和
工具的一个示例，并解释技术的基本原理。the number of ……的数目，后接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动
词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填is。
【44题详解】
考查语态。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers
与encourage之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知，用一般现在时。故填are
encouraged。
【45题详解】考查代词。句意：我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界，并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词
Further Resources section，前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
Test 5
【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It
takes them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can
trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart___6___countless tiny pieces, and fish
can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of
such bags to stop people using them.
【答案】4. are thrown 5. to break 6. into/to 7. countries
【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一次性塑料袋 的危害，应禁止使用。
【4题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，
主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓
语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.（花
某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：随着时间 的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固
定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故
填into/to。
【7题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：现在，许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子，以阻止人们使用。lots of
修饰可数名词复数，故填countries。
Test 6
【2020年北京卷】A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human
relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals___9___（live）
alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago. They
were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____10____
（smart）than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by Neanderthals suggests otherwise.【答案】8. found 9. lived/had lived/had been living 10. smarter
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现 的一块石头表明已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特
人比我们之前认为的更聪明。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们
之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。
故答案为found。
【9题详解】
考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约4万年前灭绝。
设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前，
结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又因动作发生在
过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
【10题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were
设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为smarter。
Test 7
【2020年浙江卷1月】Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The
median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950___56___(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected___57___(increase)to
42 by 2050. For Japan, the___58___(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one
in 12 people around the world were over 65；by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven___59___two factors. The first is declining birthrates, which means old
generations are large___60___(compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population
becomes___61___(old)than before. This is___62___(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are
living longer. A child born in the US today has___63___very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to
plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should___64___(place)on longevity(长寿).
It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average healthier___65___more
productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【答案】56. was 57. to increase 58. numbers 59. by 60. compared
61. older 62. particularly 63. a 64. be placed 65. and【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了世界人口正面临老龄化问题，并分析了其产生的两个原因。
【56题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁，今天是41岁，预计到2050年将增加到42岁。
结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时，且主语为The median age of an American，故谓语动词应用第三人称
单数。故填was。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语 be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填 to
increase。
【58题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53
岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。
【59题详解】
考查介词。句意：人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由；被”应用介词by。故填by。
【60题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，
人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比；与某事相提并论”，故填compared。
【61题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级，故填older。
【62题详解】
考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词，故填particularly。
【63题详解】
考查冠词。句意：今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上，因此需要做出相应的计划。
chance为可数名词，此处表示泛指应用不定冠词，且very为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。
【64题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：然而，更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且
should后跟动词原形，故填be placed。
【65题详解】
考查连词。句意：而且，平均而言，他们更健康，更长寿。结合上下文语境可知此处连接上下文两个并列
短语应用连词and，故填and。
2019年语法填空Test 1
【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as
Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the
Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as
much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-
25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,
and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in
Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___
(believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be
congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high)
than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six
___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have report
66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are
【语篇解读】本文为科普文类说明文，介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
61. that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为 there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为
同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence 的内容，故填that。
62. poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been
studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63. of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连
接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“…的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用
for。故填of/for。
64. to perform【解析】考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因或目的状语，句意：跟踪
北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的，故此
处用to perform。
65. have reported【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语 in recent years可知，主句用现在
完成时态，故填have reported。
66.belief 【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
67. noting【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填noting。
68. higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
69. the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
70. are【解析】考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear
subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
Test 2
【2019年浙江卷6月】There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms
help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school
wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears___57___ same
style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new
uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children
are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study
in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some
students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect)
between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some
very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of
British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。
56. has/will have【解析】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是
when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文
叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
57.the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与
the连用修饰名词。故填the。
58. that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，
因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
59. cycling【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or连接两个并列成分，根据or前的walking可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
60. easily【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用
easy的副词形式。故填easily。
61. to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案
是……”。故填to。
62. improved【解析】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。
本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填
improved。
63. to wear【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth想要做某事，
这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
64. connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。
no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”
的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
65. traditional【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不
用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词
形式。故填traditional。
Test 3
【2019年北京卷】Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public
awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970，the Day now includes events in more
than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various
___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power
—the possibilities are endless.
【答案】4. marked 5. in 6. activities
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日于4月22日举行，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式
可知，设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语，且与其之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。
5.考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要
用介词in。故填in。
6.考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的
various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。Test 4
C
【2019年北京卷】Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question
___7___(suggest)that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than
___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in
academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)，Students should have a proper
attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary
preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.
【答案】7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 8. where 9. who/that 10. meaningful
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最
多的是完全投入学术生活，充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
7.考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结
果，所以用现在时或一般过去时均可，故填suggests/suggested/has suggested。
8.考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，
表示地点，作状语。故用where。
9.考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally
engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或
that。
10.考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience，故此处也要用形容词。故
填meaningful。
Test 5
【2018年浙江卷11月】The Caffeine Catch
Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs
that show up regularly in our food supply. You probably _____56_____(use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine
_____57_____(be) in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the
major source(来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults. _____58_____(recent), caffeine has found
its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.
Small amounts of caffeine-a cup _____59_____ two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However,
some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee _____60_____ the late afternoon or
evening will cause _____61_____(they) to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause aproblem _____62_____(call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can’t sleep.
It is possible _____63_____ caffeine may cause birth defects(缺陷) in humans, too. One study showed that
_____64_____(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were
more likely ________65________(have) children with birth defects.
【答案】56．have used/ have been using 57．is (was) 58．Recently 59．or 60．in 61．
them 62．called 63．that 64．women 65．to have
【分析】本文是说明文。现在我们的许多食品中添加了咖啡因，文章介绍了大量饮用咖啡因对健康的不良
影响。
56．考查时态语态。句中时间状语since childhood和现在完成时连用，此处指你可能从小就摄入咖啡因，
表示动作从过去开始持续到现在或动作一直在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。故填have used/
have been using。
57．考查主谓一致。主语Caffeine是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。此处表示一种事实可以用一般现在时。
也可以指小时候的事用一般过去时，故填is (was)。
58．考查副词。句意：最近，咖啡因已经进入了橙子、苹果和其他调味饮料。此处单独作状语用副词，故
填Recently。
59．考查连词。此处指每天一杯或两杯咖啡，表示“或者”用连词or，故填or。
60．考查介词。表示“在下午晚些时候或晚上”是in the late afternoon or evening，介词用in，故填in。
61．考查代词。此处作动词cause的宾语用宾格形式，故填them。
62．考查过去分词。句中problem和动词call是被动关系，指这种问题被叫做caffeinism。此处用过去分词
表被动，作problem的定语，故填called。
63．考查主语从句。句中it是形式主语，真正主语是后面的从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，意思完整，用
that起引导作用，故填that。
64．考查名词。此处表示泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女，指某一类人用名词复数。故填women。
65．考查动词不定式。此处指每天喝大量咖啡的妇女，怀孕时孩子很可能会先天畸形。表示“可能做某
事”是be likely to do sth.，用动词不定式，故填to have。
2018年语法填空
Test 1
【2018年全国Ⅰ卷】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61
(long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be
overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at
lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study
published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and
early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee
pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get
good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run
for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
61. longer 考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活 3年。根据than可知
用比较级，故填longer。
62. to see 考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目
的状语，故填to see。
63.dying 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介
词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
64.is 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的
是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
65.than 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective
可知此处填than。
66.that或which 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that
或which。
67.causes 考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病
和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
68.strengthen 考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符合，其后用动词原形。
故填strengthen。
69.energetic 考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。
故填energetic。
70.it或running 考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it
可以指running。故填it或running。
【点睛】本文比较难的一个题是70题。短语give it a try不容易想出来。give a try试试。Give sb sth； give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。
高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。
Test 2
【2018年全国Ⅱ卷】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country
___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25
years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed
chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead
of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)
runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made
drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer
consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___
(start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer
use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's
approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and
food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve
65. than 66. pollution 67. global 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界
上的知名人士的认可。
61. 考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。
故填has grown。
62. 考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去
的25年里。故填the。
63. 考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。
故填actually。
64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语
动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
65. 考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。66. 考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。
has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
67. 考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故
应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
68. 考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，
由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
69. 考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后
面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
70. 考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮
食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的
原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be
动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
点睛：学会分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government
started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011，
fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句，
先行词是2005，the government是主语，a soil-testing program是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看
出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives是第三
人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语，关系词要用that/which。
Test 3
【2018年浙江卷6月】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese
56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 5 7 come to China cook much less than in
their own countries once they realize how cheap 5 8 can be to eat out. I still remember 5 9 (visit) a
friend who’d lived here for five years and I 6 0 (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to 6 1 (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s
not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 6 2 (afford) but doing
this most days adds up. There could be an even 6 3 (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that
there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 6 4 (weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home
__65__ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the
effects not only on your health but in your pocket.【解析】【整体分析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议
我们在家做饭。
56. dishes 【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
57. who/that 【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主
语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
58. it 【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat
out是真正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填i。
59.visiting 【解析】考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事
用remember doing sth.， 故填visiting。
60. was shocked. 【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成
系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。
61. have become 【解析】考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用
动词原形，故填have become。
62. affordable 【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词
作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。
63. higher 【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填
higher。
64.weight 【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
65.for 【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。
2017年语法填空
Test 1
【2017年新课标Ⅰ卷】There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat
content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a
method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and
heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that
we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64
(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat
more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast foodthat people eat goes up. Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food
people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals
and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like
anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 7 0 is not good for the health.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐
分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。
61. as 考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示＂作为，以……身
份＂，故填as。
62. effects 考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是＂一些不为人知的副作用＂，根据前文的some可
知＂side effect＂(副作用)有很多，故填effects。
63. to process 考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示＂要求＂，require sb. to do sth.表
示
＂要求某人做某事＂，被动形式为＂sb. be required to do sth.＂(某人被要求做某事)。故填 to
process。
64. are removed 考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知 fat，salt和move之间是
被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
65. a 考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示＂结果＂。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东
西。故填a。
66. worse 考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
67. is 考查主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是＂快餐＂，表示一类食物，为
不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
68. eating 考查动名词。句意：通过吃更多的快餐，人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前
文中的by可知此处应该填名词、动名词，所以填eating。
69. careful 考查形容词。句意：然而，注意不要走极端。分析语境可知 be后面应该用形容词作表语，故
填careful。
70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知
which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。
Test 2
【2017年新课标Ⅱ卷】In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. Itran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads
above as they travelled to and 62 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an
interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong
roof over 6 4 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 65 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair)unpleasant for the
passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and
within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 6 7 every day.
Later, engineers 68 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which
became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce) of electric-
powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 7 0 (success) of these new
lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved
extremely popular with the public.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文,介绍了全世界第一个地下客运铁路在英国开放及其逐渐发展成现在的地铁
的过程。
61. crowds【解析】考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词,并且其前没有限定词,所以此处用其复数形式。
62. from【解析】考查介词。此处是指"当他们来回上下班时"。
63. laying【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为This,谓语动词included后由and连接
了三个动名词短语作宾语。故填laying。该句中的 lay不是与前面的谓语动词included并列,
而是与 digging up和building并列。句式结构的分析是解答该题的关键。
64. the【解析】考查定冠词。此处指的是在顶端建造一个结实的顶,所以在 top前加the。
65. were used【解析】考查动词时态和语态。因为是介绍1863年的事情,而且Steam engines与use之间为
被 动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。
66. fairly【解析】考查副词。副词修饰形容词unpleasant,故在其前填fairly。
67. it【解析】考查代词。根据上文的"the railway quickly"可知,此处用it代替the railway。
68. managed【解析】考查动词时态。因为engineers与manage之间为主动关系,而且是发生在过去的事情,
所 以填managed。
69. introduction【解析】考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知,其后应接名词,故填introduction。
70. successful【解析】考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的the most可知,空处表达最高级意义。故填
successful。2016年语法填空
Test 1
【2016 年新课标Ⅱ卷】If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and
identify(识别) those of 4 1 (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll
feel a real sense of 4 2 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 4 3 (be) often
acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 4 4 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early
start and try to be as productive 4 5 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get
you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 4 6 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 4 7
(regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 4 8 while, exercising, or doing something
you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 4 9 (bring) your work
home. It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, 5 0 (make) sure it’s a
relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了缓解工作中的压力的一些方法。
41. greater 考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的"and less importance"可知,此处应用形容词的比较级
来修饰importance,故填greater。
42. achievement 考查词性转换。首先处理最重要的工作以便你能感到一种真实的成就感。介词后接名
词,a real sense of achievement意为"一种真实的成就感"。
43. is 考查主谓一致和时态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知,该句中
的主语为动名词短语"Leaving the less important things until tomorrow",故谓语动词为第三人称单数
形式,且全文的基本时态为一般现在时。故填is。
44. on 考查介词。我们中的大多数人在早上的时候会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中于我们的工作。
固定短语be focused on 意为"集中于……"。故填on。
45. as 考查连词。因此,早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构as...as possible意为"尽可
能……"。
46. studies 考查名词复数。最新的研究表明,如果我们有规律地短暂休息的话,我们在工作中会变得高效
得 多。分析句子结构可知,谓语动词为show,为复数形式,且study作"研究,调查"讲时为可数名词,
故主语应为复数。故填studies。47. regularly 考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词take,故填regularly"有规律地"。
48. a 考查冠词。固定短语for a while意为"一会儿"。
49. to bring 考查非谓语动词。固定短语be likely to do sth.意为"可能做某事",故填to bring。
50. make 考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知,but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中,whatever引导让
步状语从句,其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。
Test 2
【2016年新课标Ⅲ卷】In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan,
Korea, 6 1 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal
bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 6 2 (make) of gold
and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 6 3 (create)
special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,
__64__ (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time, 6 5 the population grew, people began cutting food into
small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which __66__
(gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 6 7 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,
influenced the 6 8 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and
__69__ (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat __70__ their
hands.
【文章大意】文章介绍了筷子的材质和中国使用筷子的悠久历史及文化内涵，这是中华传统文化、饮
食文化。筷子，中华饮食文化的标志之一，发明于中国，后传至朝鲜半岛、日本、越南等汉字文化圈。
本题主要考查词法和句法知识，集中考查了词形转换、并列句、定语从句、状语从句和非谓语动词等
语法知识。
61.and
【解析】考查连词。这里列举了一些亚洲的国家，它们是并列关系，故填and。
62.be made
【解析】考查动词的语态及情态动词的用法。精美的筷子可能是由刻有汉字的金或银制成的。sth. be
made of…某物由……制成，情态动词后跟动词原形，故填be made。63.to create
【解析】考查非谓语动词。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以制造出花样特殊
的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。
64.using
【解析】考查非谓语动词。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝搅拌食物，use的逻辑主语是People，两者
之间是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。
65.as/when
【解析】考查状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点。所填
词引导时间状语从句，as意为＂随着＂，when意为＂当……时候＂，故填as/when。
66.gradually
【解析】考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语 turned into，应该用副词，故填
gradually。
67.who
【解析】考查定语从句。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius(孔子)，定语从句中
缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
68.development
【解析】考查名词。the＋名词＋of…意为＂……的……＂，这里指＂筷子的发展＂，故填development。
69.were
【解析】考查动词的时态及主谓一致。根据句意可知，这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用，
believed后跟一个宾语从句，and连接了两个并列的谓语，主语knives是复数形式，根据时态和主谓一致
的原则，这里应用were。
70.with
【解析】考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法——用手抓。表示＂用……方式/工具
＂，应填with。
Test 3
【2016年上海卷】Bags of Love
Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month.
During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.
After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always
suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing
her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods andhead out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed
me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.
I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with
her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me
about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the
groceries if I found out?
When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her
she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in
a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food
she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.
【答案】25. Wondering 26. what 27. which 28. had done 29. buying 30. Before 31. from
32. how
【解析】试题分析：本文是篇记叙文，作者在无意中发现妈妈在偷偷地帮助困境中的儿童，赞美了妈妈善
良无私的美丽品质。
25. Wondering 考查现在分词做状语。动词wonder与本句主语I构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词
wondering在句中作状语。
26. what 考查主语从句。此处what引导主语从句，what happened在句中作主语。句意：发生的事情
真的让我很惊讶。
27. which 考查定语从句。此定语从句的先行词是the refugee camp，指物，关系代词在定语从句中作介
词in的宾语，故用which，in which相当于关系副词where。
28. had done 考查时态。根据上下文可知，＂我＂被派到妈妈家附近工作，这是过去发生的事情，而妈妈
帮助难民是我来这里工作之前就发生的事情，所以使用过去完成时表示过去的过去发生的事情。
29. buying 考查动词短语。stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事情；stop doing sth.停止做某事。句意：
妈妈是担忧如果我发现了这件事情我的反应是什么或者担忧我不再给她买食品杂货吗？根据句意可知使用
stop doing sth.。
30. Before 考查连词。before引导时间状语从句，此处意为＂还没来得及……就……＂。句意：她还没有
来得及反应过来，我就给了她一个大大的拥抱并告诉她这件事情不必对我保密。
31. from 考查动词短语。keep a secret to sb.对某人保密。句意：她还没有来得及反应过来，我就紧紧地抱
着她并告诉她这件事情不必对我保密。32. how 考查宾语从句。本句中表语从句how selfless she was作介词by的宾语，因为selfless是形容词，
所以使用how来引导这个从句，用法和感叹句类似。
Test 4
【2016年上海卷】Stress: Good or Bad?
Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that
people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood
pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is
time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home
with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the
(35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to
exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by
asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of
(37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with
people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control )
your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how
much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc.
If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.
【答案】33. has been regarded 34. that 35. better 36. a 37. you 38. annoyed 39. control
40. to get
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇，一定范围
之内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。
33. has been regarded 考查时态和语态。本句的时间状语是In recent years最近几年以来，该时间状语通常
和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式
has been regarded。
34. that 考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was+被强调成分+that/who+其它成分。其最大的特
点是去掉It is/was和that/who，句子仍然成立。注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以外的所有的句子成分。
本句强调的是句子的主语only too much stress。35. better 考查固定句式。＂the+比较级， the+比较级＂意为＂越……就越……＂。句意：你承受的压力越
大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better。
36. a 考查固定短语。a number of许多，大量；该短语通常作定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a
number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。
37. you 考查代词。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格
you作介词of的宾语。
38. annoyed 考查形容词。annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该
词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结构。
39. control 考查固定搭配。had better do sth.最好做某事；had better是情态动词，后面要接动词原形。
40. to get 考查形容词短语。be likely to do sth.可能做某事。句意：如果你生活中的压力超过 150，你就
非常有可能生病了。
2015年语法填空
Test 1
【2015年新课标Ⅱ卷】The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 （build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American
Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty,
what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able) to “air condition” a house without 64 ( use)
electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65
( slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and
are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; 67 the same time, they warm up again for
the night. This cycle 68 (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night
and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 69 (nature) architects, the Pueblo
Indians figured out exactly 70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
【解析】试题分析：土坯房比现在的房子好在冬暖夏凉。现代的建筑师都很羡慕这样的房子不用空调就能
很好地调节室内的温度，不过关键是这房子的墙的厚度。
61.built 动词build和定语The adobe dwellings是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用其过去分词built和后面的by
一起做定语。
62.the 形容词最高级most modern前加the。
63.ability 代词their后接名词，所以用able的名词形式ability.
64.using 介词without后接动名词use去掉字母e再加-ing。
65.slowly 用slow的副词形式slowly修饰动词give out.66.to cool 形容词加enough后接不定式。
67.at at the same time是固定词组。
68.goes 根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。这种循环日复一日。
69.natural 形容词做定语修饰名词architects。
70.how 根据句意，应用how修饰形容词thick，连接宾语从句。
Test 2
【2015 年福建卷】Sometimes we have disagreements with people. When this (76) h , the
important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument. Here (77 ) my tips for
you.
The (78) f______thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important.
Imagine you are a student and you share a flat (79) another student who you think isn’t doing her
share of the housework. If you say, "Look, you never do your share of the housework. (80)_________ are you
going to do about it?", the discussion will very soon turn into an argument. It’s much more (81) _________ (有帮
助)to say something like, "I think we had (82) b have another look about how we divide up the
housework. Maybe there is a better way of dealing with it. "
My second piece of (83) a is simple. If you’re the person who is in the wrong, just admit it! This
is the easiest and best way to avoid an argument. Just make an (84) _________ (道歉), and move on. The other
person will have more respect for you (85) _________ the future if you do that.
【答案】76.happens 77.are 78.first 79.with 80.what
81.helpful/beneficial 82.better 83.advice 84.apology 85.in
77.are考察固定结构。固定结构Here are……表示这里有……，该句意思为：这里是一些给你的小建议。
78.first考察形容词。因为该空前有冠词the该空后有名词thing，所以中间只能是形容词或者副词。因为该
句是第二段的第一句，并且后文中有表示层次的词second，所以可以推断这里应该是first。
79.with考察固定短语。固定短语Share with意思是和…分享。该句意思为：想象你是一个学生并且和其他
一个你认为她不愿意做她那份家务的学生合租一间公寓。80.what考察特殊疑问句引导词，what引导的是一个特殊疑问句，表示什么。该句意思为：看看，你从来
不做家务，你究竟打算怎么做？
81.helpful/beneficial考察形容词。根据所给提示有帮助的，helpfu或者beneficial都有有利于的意思。该句
意思为：这样说就比较有帮助（不破坏关系）……
82.better考查固定短语 had better do sth表示最好做。该句意思为：我认为我们最好再看看，怎么划分家务
比较好。
85.in考查固定短语。固定短语In the future表示在未来。该句意思为：如果你那样做，在未来，一些人会
对你更加尊敬。
Test 3
【2015年湖南卷】Research has become both simpler and more complex. It’s simpler because, 4 8 you
have a computer, you can find information you need by searching the Internet. For all your information, you don’t
have to go to 49 library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it. Instead, you can find some sources
from the Internet 50 print the copies needed. Remember, however, that you should usually consult different
types of sources. That is, you 5 1 always rely just on the Internet for your research.
While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become 52 complex.
There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed 5 3 the amount of information.
You need to learn 5 4 to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also, 5 5
need to check the accuracy of it.
【答案】48．If 49．the 50．and 51．shouldn’t 52．more 53．with 54．how 55．you
49．the；固定词组：Go to the library去图书馆。句意：你所要的信息，都不需要去图书馆找相关资料，做笔记。故填the
50．and；find resource和print the copies是并列关系，用and连接。句意：相反，你可以从网上找到你想要
的资料然后将它们打印下来。故填and
51．shouldn’t；根据前文作者告诉我们：你应该从不同的方面找不同类型的资料。句意：那就是说，你不
应该常常依赖于互联网。故填shouldn’t
52．more；根据文章的第一段开头：Research has become both simpler and more complex.可知第一段说完研
究变得更简单后，此段开始陈述研究的复杂之处，故填more
