文档内容
第 5 讲 体裁微解——应用文
应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品
说明与介绍、新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异(如图示、表格等)，措辞简洁明了，直截了
当，其目的是向读者传输信息。主要具有以下特点：
选材 信息量大，文句精炼，形式灵活，用最少的篇幅传达最大量的信息。
生活化，实用化，多样化。如产品宣传、服务介绍、通知、海报、启事、招生
内容
招聘等。
标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类题目符号使文章结构更加
形式
鲜明。
人名、地名、专用名词多；生词多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句多；结构不完
语言
整。
其命题角度主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛
命题
选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容易。
高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，也应该在整体把握文
章结构的前提下，重点注意细节信息，细节题题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义句改写，词
性转换等)，因此，要想找到答案就一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比
较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可以达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时
也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的
核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：
策略指导 技法解读
先题后文 先读题目，了解考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。
根据题干关键词找到文中答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下；问题与原文
题干定向
相同，对号入座，通过同义替换、归纳事实等方法确定答案。
遇到生词，如无关答题，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜
生词模糊
词。
信息补全 对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。(2022·全国甲·A)
Theatres and Entertainment
St David’s Hall
St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very
heart of Cardiff’ s entertainment centre.With an impressive 2 ， 000-seat concert hall ， St
David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.It presents live entertainment，including
pop，rock，folk，jazz，musicals，dance，world music，films and classical music.
The Hayes，Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order
for both audiences and comedy stars alike.It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on
the stage here.If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music，you should
start here.
Mermaid Quay，Cardiff Bay，Cardiff CF10 5BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012.This
special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children，artists，writers and
anyone else have the opportunity(机会) to do creative things.Sherman Cymru is excited to present
a packed programme of the very best theatre，dance，family shows and music from Wales and the
rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road，Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama，musicals，dance and children’s
shows for more than 100 years.Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the
UK’s touring shows，the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre.Be sure
to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place，Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了威尔士首府的四家剧院及其特色。
21．Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?
A．At the New Theatre.
B．At the Glee Club.C．At Sherman Cymru.
D．At St David’s Hall.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据St David’s Hall部分中的“St David’s Hall is home to the annual
Welsh Proms Cardiff”可知，Cardiff的Welsh Proms活动在St David’s Hall举办。故选D。
22．What can people do at the Glee Club?
A．Watch musicals.
B．Enjoy comedies.
C．See family shows.
D．Do creative things.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据The Glee Club部分中的“If you are looking for the best comedies on
tour and brilliant live music，you should start here.”可知，人们可以在The Glee Club欣赏喜剧。
故选B。
23．Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre?
A．www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
B．www.shermancymru.co.uk
C．www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
D．www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据New Theatre部分中的“Presenting the best of the West End along
with the pick of the UK’s touring shows，the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving
traditional theatre.”及其下面的网址“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，选A。
A
(2022·北京石景山一模)
Paragliding is a kind of flying，but instead of the wing being made of metal，wood or
plastic，it is made of nylon or polyester.The wing is attached to a harness by lines where a pilot
sits，similar to a parachute.
Is it safe?
Paragliding is as safe as sailing and deep-sea diving.The big advantage is that it’s probably
the slowest form of aviation，so if you do crash，you’ll hit the ground quite gently! It’s a very
relaxing sport as you’re mostly sitting down.Yet，you’ll probably experience pain in some
muscles you didn’t know you had while learning，but many of those will be due to the walk up
the training hill to launch.Where do I learn?
There are lots of schools，mainly based inland by appropriate hills or mountains，and there
are also schools on the coast near spectacular cliffs.These are very attractive，though the prospect
of landing in the sea seems to discourage beginners! It takes seven days to get your basic license；
then you’re free to fly independently at sites across the country.
What do I need?
Pilots normally wear warm clothes in case they get very high up，and a helmet in case they
stumble on landing.In terms of gear，schools supply basic training，canopies，harnesses，
etc.However，you’ll probably want to buy your own more sophisticated equipment，which
you’ll be able to choose much better once you’ve tried some out on your course.
Who can do it?
There’s no upper age limit provided your instructor judges you capable，but the youngest is
14.Anybody with good eyesight and good balance is a potential paraglider pilot.
Flying a paraglider is a great sport.We hope to see you in the air with us this season!
1．Which would be the best heading for paragraph 1?
A．What is paragliding?
B．Who invented paragliding?
C．How is paragliding special?
D．Why is paragliding popular?
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段可知，本段主要描述了什么是高空滑翔。故选A。
2．According to the passage，paragliding is .
A．exciting but tiring
B．safe and relaxing
C．attractive but expensive
D．fast and challenging
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据 Is it safe？部分的“Paragliding is as safe as sailing and deep-sea
diving.”及“It’s a very relaxing sport as you’re mostly sitting down.”可知，高空滑翔是一
项既安全又放松的运动。故选B项。
3．What can we know from the passage?
A．Fit people of any age can take up paragliding.
B．Most paragliding schools are situated by the sea.
C．Pilots need to buy basic equipment on their training course.
D．Learners can fly on their own after at least a week’s training.答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据Where do I learn？部分的“It takes seven days to...then you’re free
to fly independently”可知，需要经过至少一周的训练，学员才可以独立飞行。故选D。
B
★LOUDOUN COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL
Grades：Preschool－Grade 8
LCDS.org • 703-777-3841
Award-winning school features a low student-teacher ratio(比率)．Courses include art，
STEM(Science ， Technology ， Engineering ， Mathematics) ， computer programming ，
languages，athletics，instruments，BYOT(Bring Your Own Technology)，one-to-one program in
fourth through eighth grades.It’s famous for its unique field trips.
★NYSMITH SCHOOL
Grades：3 years－Grade 8
Nysmith.com • 703-552-2912
Top 10 in the world ， fun ， award-winning program ， up to 4 grade levels of
diversification(多样化) in reading and math classes，daily science，computers，logic，foreign
languages，much more.1∶9 ratio.Minimal(最少的) homework.Hands-on experimental learning，
a great attraction for students across the country.2014 Tommy Award from TJ for the special
achievement of Nysmith Alumni.
★FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS
Grades：6－12
FusionTysonsCorner.com • 866-461-8039
Fusion Academy is a private middle and high school where all classes are one-to-one：one
student and one teacher per classroom.Here ， positive relationships unlock students’
potential.Scheduling is personalized，and no homework goes home.Come soon to Tysons ，
Virginia，and achieve school & life balance.
★RANDOLPH-MACON ACADEMY
Grades：6－12，Postgraduate
rma.edu • 540-636-5484
R-MA is a college-prep boarding school with Air Force JROTC，devoted to developing
students of academic achievement，leadership，and responsible citizenship.With smaller classes
—on average，14－17 students per class—students at R-MA find themselves building their
confidence because our teachers care about each student.Graduating classes have a 100% college
acceptance rate and average over $56.6 million in college scholarships offers each year.
语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所学校的情况，包括年级、联系方式和学校
特色等信息。4．What makes LCDS different from the others?
A．Field trips.
B．A variety of courses.
C．One-to-one classes.
D．Award-winning programs.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据★LOUDOUN COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL部分中的“It’s famous
for its unique field trips.”可知，它以独特的实地考察旅行而闻名。由此可知，LOUDOUN乡
村走读学校与其他学校的不同之处在于它提供实地考察旅行。故选A。
5．Why is NYSMITH SCHOOL popular among students?
A．It has no homework.
B．It is the world’s best school.
C．It is a frequent winner of the Tommy Award.
D．It gives them a chance to learn from experience.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据★NYSMITH SCHOOL部分中的“Hands-on experimental learning，
a great attraction for students across the country.”可知，动手实验学习，对全国各地的学生有
很大的吸引力。由此可知，NYSMITH学校之所以吸引学生，是因为它给了他们一个从经验
中学习的机会。故选D。
6．Which school specializes in personalized education?
A．LOUDOUN COUNTRY DAY SCHOOL.
B．NYSMITH SCHOOL.
C．FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS.
D．RANDOLPH-MACON ACADEMY.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据★FUSION ACADEMY TYSONS部分中的“Fusion Academy is a
private middle and high school where all classes are one-to-one...Scheduling is personalized，and
no homework goes home.”可知，Fusion Academy是一所私立中学和高中，所有班级都是一
对一的。日程安排是个性化的，回家没有家庭作业。由此可知，FUSION ACADEMY
TYSONS学校擅长个性化教育。故选C。
强化练(九) 应用文
A(2022·河北名校联盟质检)
These destinations march to the beat of their own drum.So put on your dancing shoes and head
to these sweet-sounding cities.
New Orleans
In the 19th century，slaves gathered on Sundays to play drums，dance，and sing in Congo
Square.Those lively rhythms of Africa ran head on with the sounds of Europe to create jazz，a
typical American art form that has inspired generations of Americans and spread around the
globe.But this isn’t suit-wearing，head-nodding，polite jazz.New Orleans jazz sweeps you off
your feet and makes you jump and clap and sing along.
Chicago
Large numbers of African-Americans left the South in search of better opportunities during
1916－1970 and Chicago attracted scores of these people，who brought with them the sound of
the Mississippi River.Here，it changed into something sad and symphonic：blues.Blues was not
born in Chicago，but it was here that it found a new voice and began to spread its message around
the world.
Memphis
Memphis is the birthplace of rock and roll.It was here in Sun Studios in the summer of 1951
that Ike Turner and his band the Delta Cats recorded “Rocket 88”，widely regarded as the first
rock and roll song.But，like so many great things，it happened by accident that the guitarist’s
loudspeaker broke down during the recording，creating a unique guitar sound that would become a
hallmark of the music.People didn’t know how to classify it，but they knew they loved it.The
rest is history.
New York City
New York is one of the world’s greatest cities where you can listen to all kinds of music.But
to experience a true New York state of mind，you have to leave the shiny towers and Broadway
shows of Manhattan and head to Harlem，the Bronx，Brooklyn，and Queens to explore the
city’s hip-hop history.
1．What do New Orleans jazz and Chicago blues have in common?
A．They sound very sad.
B．They have similar origin.
C．They happened by accident.
D．They are played on the guitar.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据New Orleans一节中的第二句及Chicago一节中的第一、二句可推
断，爵士及布鲁斯音乐的起源很相似：都是源于美国。故选B。
2．When was rock and roll born?A．In the 19th century.
B．In the late 19th century.
C．In the early 20th century.
D．In the mid-20th century.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据Memphis一节中的第二句可知，摇滚乐是在20世纪中期诞生的。
故选D。
3．What are Harlem and Queens known for?
A．Blues. B．Jazz.
C．Hip-hop. D．Rock and roll.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据New York City一节中的第二句可知，哈莱姆区和皇后区以嘻哈文
化而著名。故选C。
B
(2022·广东广州一模)
Scientific educational toys can develop kid’s reasoning，problem-solving and critical
thinking capacity and improve their hand-eye coordination(协调)．But the most powerful thing is
that the children will associate learning with fun.That means they will grow into adults with a thirst
for knowledge and a highly developed set of skills for learning.Here are some of the best：
·Science Kit
You can guarantee two things if you buy your kids one：a lot of fun and a lot of mess.It’s a
20-piece kit that teaches the basics of chemical reactions.It’s recommended for kids aged 6 and
above，with adult company.You don’t have to be a scientist，since there is an activity book with
instructions for possible experiments.
·Mini Terra Kit
You don’t have to wait for the sun to come out to teach kids about the natural world.This all-
inclusive kit is a miniature garden that simulates a natural environment by using a powerful LED
light.It includes a terrarium jar，light-up jar lid，Micro USB charger，and all the natural
ingredients to get started.It also has a simple instruction booklet that you can work through with
your kids.
·Gravity Run
This classic is not just about building a structure and watching the marbles go up and
down.The games are designed for kids aged 8＋ to develop spatial awareness，planning，and
reasoning.With 60 challenges (beginner to expert)，this award-winning game can be enjoyed by all
the family.The expert levels are actually quite challenging，so be prepared for some failures.
·WeRo KitThis prize-winning robot toy features over 840 pieces，a WeRo Move Hub，Interactive
Moto，and a Distance Sensor.You can build it into 5 completely different robots，meaning endless
fun for the kids and even adults.Once they’ve built the character of their choice，they can
programme it to perform countless tasks including walking and talking on its own.
4．What is the greatest strength of scientific educational toys?
A．Training young scientists.
B．Stimulating learning desire.
C．Developing hand-eye coordination.
D．Building up problem-solving habits.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。从首段第二句可知，科学教育玩具的最大优势是将玩和学联系起来，即
激发孩子的学习欲望。故选B。
5．Which toy suits kids who enjoy growing plants?
A．Science Kit. B．Mini Terra Kit.
C．Gravity Run. D．WeRo Kit.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据Mini Terra Kit部分的前三句可知，Mini Terra Kit这个玩具可以让
孩子接触自然世界。因此适合喜欢植物的孩子。故选B。
6．What is special about WeRo Kit?
A．It has different levels.
B．It is the only prize-winner.
C．It requires parental guidance.
D．It involves programming skills.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据WeRo Kit部分的第三句可知，WeRo Kit的特别之处在于它涉及编
程技能。故选D。
C
(2022·山东日照一模)
Teen Adventure：Europe Coast to Coast 2022
If you are interested in Europe Coast to Coast for the summer of 2022，please reach out to us
and we will notify you when we’ve published the 2022 schedule and opened the application.
Holland，Belgium，Paris
Our group will gather in Amsterdam and spend the first night in the ancient Dutch city of
Haarlem before picking up the well-traveled Nordzeeroute bike route.This protected，coastal path
winds its way along the coast of the North Sea for nearly 300 miles，past windmills and overbanks.We’ll make our way through charming Dutch and Belgian towns and cross the border into
France.Once in France，we’ll ride quiet country roads through small villages，enjoying the
many delights of rural French life along our way.We’ll continue south to Chantilly and take a train
in to spend a day in the City of Light.
Rural France，Germany’s Black Forest & the Bodensee
From Paris，we continue east through the vineyard(葡萄园) covered hills of the Champagne
region，into the green valleys of Alsace-Lorraine，and then on to Strasbourg，right on France’s
border with Germany.We’ll cross the Rhine River and follow Germany’s outstanding network of
bike paths through the charming Black Forest to the shores of Lake Constance，also known in
Germany as the Bodensee.We’ll look across this famous lake to the snow-covered peaks of the
Alps—the next leg of our journey together.
The Alps，Northern Italy Venice
Leaving the Bodensee，we’ll start our climb into and through the Austrian Alps.Shortly
after skirting the Swiss border，we’ll cross into Bella Italia and begin our downhill descent(斜
坡) toward the warm waters of the Adriatic Sea.Upon arrival，we’ll put our bikes away and
spend our final days together celebrating our great cycling skills while exploring Venice，one of
the world’s most beautiful and mysterious cities.
7．Where will the adventurers explore the City of Light?
A．In France. B．In Holland.
C．In Belgium. D．In Germany.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据Holland，Belgium，Paris部分中的最后两句可知，冒险者将在法
国探索光明之城。故选A。
8．What will the adventurers do in Germany?
A．Swim in the Rhine River.
B．Sail on Lake Constance.
C．Get to the top of the Alps.
D．Ride through the Black Forest.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据Rural France，Germany’s Black Forest & the Bodensee部分中
的第二句可知，冒险者将在德国骑自行车穿过黑森林。故选D。
9．How many countries will the adventurers cross in total?
A．Five. B．Six.
C．Seven. D．Eight.
答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据Holland，Belgium，Paris部分中的第三句“...Dutch and Belgian
towns and cross the border into France.”及 Rural France，Germany’s Black Forest & the
Bodensee部分中的第二句“...follow Germany’s outstanding network of bike paths...”及最后
一段前两句中的the Austrian Alps、Bella Italia可知，冒险者穿过荷兰、比利时、法国、德国、
奥地利及意大利，共6个国家。故选B。
