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专题 21 阅读理解（词义猜测题）
刷大题、提能力
1.（2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末）
On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn
that Luna is anything but average.
Bom with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to
pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design
a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise.
“This is so incredible. I got to use my art and creativity for something new that I'd never thought I'd be able to
design,“ Luna said. She is one of six patients from Boston Children's Hospital ( BCH) who have partnered with
Saucony to design their own shoe to launch the Shoes with Soul campaign.
“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise
money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice
president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their
talents with the world. ”
Luna's design is fashion. u On the tongue ,they digitalized one of my drawings, and then on bottom it's a really
bright pink color, and on the inside ,the sole of the shoe is actually another drawing I did of a sunset,“ she said.
"Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing. It blows my mind.”
The income from the shoe sales will benefit the Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness Program, which
encourages kids to “find your possible" through personalized exercise programs tailored for each individual
patient's heart condition.
“It feels really good to help people and it's really something I can relate to,“ says Luna. “The advice I would
give a kid or someone like me is never give up. There are a lot of kids out there with your condition and you're not
alone.”
1．What can we learn from Chris' words?
A．It's unwise to raise money.
B．It's optional to seek donations.C．It's wonderful to study art.
D．It's necessary to show kids' talents.
2．What does Luna mean by “It blows my mind" in paragraph 5?
A．I'm overjoyed. B．['m very serious.
C．My mind goes blank. D．My mind is racing.
3．Which of the following best describes Luna?
A．Gifted and determined. B．Generous and serious.
C．Grateful and helpful. D．Creative and sensitive.
4．What is the text mainly intended to do?
A．Tell us a story of a disabled girl.
B．Set a good example to the disabled.
C．Launch Saucony's new brand shoes.
D．Introduce a campaign with kid patients.
2.（2023·吉林长春·高三阶段练习）
Have you ever been faced with trying to stay positive when others around you are negative? A negative person
can bring you down and throw your positive plans out of the window. Whether you deal with a family member,
friend or co-worker who is negative, there are things you can do to remain positive in the face of negativity?
Whatever you do, don’t argue with a negative person. Arguing only adds fuel to the fire. I have noticed when
my children are crabby, it is best to avoid trying to convince them to analyze and adjust their attitude. As soon as I
take the approach of being in opposition to them, the situation gets worse before it gets better. Sometimes the best
thing to do is remain silent and let negativity pass.
You know how difficult it can be to give love and positive attention to negative people. Unfortunately, that is
often exactly what they need. A negative person is usually afraid he is unlovable. How do you show love when
someone is negative? You must listen to what he is trying to tell you. Acknowledge the feelings he has by saying
something like, “You sound very angry right now.” How might you help a negative person? Offer a hug even if you
get rejected. A negative person often has difficulty accepting love from others.
If you have negative people on your life who are affecting your mental and physical health, you need to decide
whether or not you want these people in your life. Some people are so negative that you have no other choice but to
remove them from your life. However, some people, such as your children, are difficult to remove from your life, in
this case, professional counseling(咨询) may be the answer.5．What does the underlined word “crabby” in Para.2 mean?
A．Quite excited. B．Very lonely.
C．Easily annoyed. D．Highly optimistic.
6．What’s the main idea of Para.3?
A．Negative people need care.
B．Negative people make us happy..
C．Negative people can be hurt easily.
D．Negative people are hard to get along with.
7．What does the author suggest doing?
A．Focusing on positive things.
B．Trying to change negative thoughts.
C．Controlling our own negative thoughts.
D．Staying away from some negative people.
8．In which section of a magazine can we most probably read the text?
A．Health B．Relationships
C．Lifestyles D．Entertainment.
3.（2023·海南省直辖县级·统考一模）
GPS has completely transformed how we get around. But other animals have long had their navigation (领航)
systems built right in.
“We know their eyes are quite sensitive to polarized (偏振的) light and the sky has a particular pattern of
polarized light relative to the position of the sun,” Barbara Webb, a researcher at the University of Edinburgh, says.
You can see polarized light firsthand if you take a pair of polarized sunglasses and spin them against the sky-
the light passing through the glasses changes. Webb says the insects have polarization like that built into their many
eyes. “You can think of it as having lots of sunglasses pointing in different directions.”
But Webb was curious whether there’s really enough information in the sky to give insects an accurate sense
of direction. So her team built a sensor (传感器) modeled after a desert ant eye and put it under artificial light
meant to simulate the sky. They then put that sensor into a model meant to model the brains of desert ants and
other insects. And they found that with the insects’ sensing and processing equipment, they can likely sense
direction down to just a couple degrees of error.
A system based on that of insects could someday be a cheap, low-energy choice to GPS. Insects have very tiny
brains. A brain the size of a pinhead that’s using hardly any energy. And yet they’re still able to navigate better thanwe can with GPS, which is surprising. Webb is now working on building a robot that can use light to get its
directions.
9．What can we learn from the text?
A．GPS is not accurate enough.
B．Insects have better eyes than humans.
C．Light changes passing through polarized sunglasses.
D．Insects have tiny brains that use no energy.
10．What does the underlined word “simulate” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Pretend. B．Cover.
C．Block. D．See.
11．What did Webb’s research find?
A．Insects can’t find their ways during nights.
B．Insects can find directions with little mistakes.
C．Insects always make mistakes finding directions.
D．Insects have sensing and processing equipment in their eyes.
12．Which of the following can best describe insects’ navigation ability?
A．Disappointing. B．Interesting.
C．Amazing. D．Confusing.
4.（2023·甘肃酒泉·统考三模）
Some years ago, Michel-Andre found himself staring at the body of a dead whale on a beach in the Canary
Islands. It was obvious that the animal had been struck violently by a ship——but why? Only later, after surveying
the whales which lived in the area and measuring the increase of sound pollution from ships did it become clear that
there was a link.
The whales had become desensitised to the noise of approaching boats and were being struck by them, often
seriously. “We never thought that this could be something that could kill,” recalls (回忆) Andre, who is the director
of the Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics at the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona.
Andre has spent 20 years developing an advanced system to better understand why incidents like this happen.
His underwater microphones have exposed a world of deafening sound and animal communication never observed
with such clarity(清晰) before.
It was not an easy task. Sound waves don't travel through water in the uniform, predictable way they do
through the air. Instead, the temperature, salinity (盐度) and, flow of water have great effects on their path.What can be done? One solution is to change shipping routes to courses where ships are statistically less likely
to meet animals. It’s also possible to slow ships down to 18km/h or less, which is less likely to seriously injure a
whale.
As for dealing with the root cause of the problem, the UN’s International Maritime Organisation has already
published guidelines on how to quieten ships, but it will be a while before the effects of such changes might be
observed.
“The ocean is not our world,” comments Andre. But it is ours to look after. And thanks to his work, we can
better understand the effects of subsea sound pollution.
13．What does the underlined word “desensitised” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Stubborn. B．Flexible. C．Dull. D．Friendly.
14．What’s one way to solve the problem according to the text?
A．To lower the speed of ships.
B．To reduce the number of ships.
C．To set up preserves under the sea.
D．To give the injured animals timely treatment.
15．What is the author’s attitude towards what Michel Andre has done?
A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Positive. D．Uncaring.
16．What is the text mainly about?
A．A great expert. B．Noise in the sea.
C．Animals in the sea. D．Sea exploration technology.
5.（2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷）
William Lindesay, renowned Great Wall expert and conservationist, and his wife Wu Qi have traveled across
the globe by the back paths, providing their sons Jimmy and Tommy a unique environment for personal growth.
Sunhats, backpacks, sneakers and trekking poles — these are the day-to-day must-haves of the family. This
East-meets-West couple started traveling while their younger son was still in nappies in 2003. Most of their trips,
most of which are far from the hot spots recommended by travel guidebooks, seem more rigorous than leisurely —
heritage study in the Mongolian deserts, a 53-kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand, a one-day climb of three
English summits and a six-day train ride from Beijing to Moscow.
“Real travel may be hard, uncertain, uncomfortable, but there’s a feel-good factor when you pass a test of
some kind,” Lindesay wrote in the family’s newly published travel memoir Pages of Discovery.
Lindesay attaches great importance to learning out of the classroom, saying that children might score well onschool tests, but that experience of the world outside, in distant lands, with different languages, scripts, political
structures, and religious beliefs, is the real testing ground.
Children in this international family did not have the same pressure to perform on school tests, but they had
“homework” on the road. Wu asked her sons to write travel diaries, collect tickets, draw maps and summarize travel
tips. She says such habits, though they might not directly improve test scores, will pay dividends in later life.
These experiences certainly shaped their sons’ characters and influenced their chosen study at university. One
read world history, the other international relations. The two brothers also share an interest in historical monuments,
and the Great Wall in particular. They are now planning to follow in their father’s footsteps with a new 4,500-km
hike on the Great Wall.
“My parents view the world as a big classroom, and my brother and I are the biggest beneficiaries,” Jimmy
says.
17．Which of the following best describes their trips across the world?
A．Hard and risky. B．Unique yet stressful.
C．Challenging and educational. D．Leisurely yet rewarding.
18．What can we infer about the couple from the text?
A．They think little of school education.
B．They believe travel provides real education.
C．They ask their sons to follow their career path.
D．They require their sons to perform well on school tests.
19．What do the underlined words “pay dividends” mean in paragraph 5?
A．Bring advantages. B．Pay a price.
C．Improve scores. D．Make mistakes.
20．What does the family’s story tell us?
A．Good company on the road is the shortest cut.
B．Good habits formed at youth make all the difference.
C．A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
D．It is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books.
6.（2023·四川成都·高三成都七中校考考试）
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating
first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has beenknown about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise
healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the
men’s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists’ lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed
that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped
breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the
other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men’s blood and fat
tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed
lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.
As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other
hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.
Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these
genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout
the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men
had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip
eating first.
21．The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”.
A．digest the meal easily B．manage without breakfast
C．decide wisely what to eat D．eat whatever is offered
22．Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment?
A．Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B．Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C．They could walk at an average speed.
D．They had slow metabolic rates.
23．What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise?A．They successfully lost weight. B．They consumed a bit more calories.
C．They burned more fat on average. D．They displayed higher insulin levels.
24．What could be learned from the research?
A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B．Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
7.（2023·四川省绵阳南山中学校考开学考试）
My mother always told me, “You should explore your own country before stepping out into the world.
”However, it seems like a tough mission to travel all across its expansive surfaces. But luckily for me, Via Rail
Canada offered youths between the ages of 18 and 25 the chance to ride the train across Canada for the month of
July. The ticket was a bargain $150. My best friends Trevor, Joel and Jeremy and I immediately jumped at the
opportunity and secured four tickets on the great Canadian railroad.
For a group of 20-year-olds, this was like the first flight of young birds from the nest. When we approached
the train station in the morning, our 22-day adventure from Sudbury to Vancouver was to begin. Eyes baggy from
lack of sleep, we jumped on board as if it was the train to Hogwarts in Harry Potter. Although the thought of three
full days on those tracks covering close to 3, 000 kilometres crushed our spirits a little, what happened next caught
us by surprise.
The three days on board turned into a summer camp on rails. At night, we would climb up the glass-domed
train car, which gave us a scenic view of the starry night sky, untouched by the harmful light pollution. Before we
knew it, the warm sun rays beating down on our faces woke us up for another day on the rails. To my surprise, a sea
of golden grain fields dominated the landscape we were in the Canadian Prairies.
Another day slipped away and we set up for another night in the dome. And this time we were greeted by night
sky painted by a fantastic thunderstorm. Lightning was striking at an incredible rate. The spectacular and
memorable light show left everyone in the glass bubble in complete disbelief.
Arriving in the Rocky Mountains was one of the most surreal experiences of my life. Before the train
adventure, if I could have skipped the travel and arrived at the destination, I would have. That is no longer true. I’ve
learned that the journey can be more enjoyable than the destination.
25．What has made the author’s train adventure across Canada a reality?
A．The encouragement given by his mother.B．The appeal of the scenic views in the country.C．The discount ticket offered by Via Rail Canada. D．His great courage to challenge a tough mission.
26．What can we infer about the young people from Paragraph 2 ?
A．They were excited about the coming train journey.
B．They left their parents for the first time in their life.
C．They never thought of having a train adventure.
D．They were hooked by the magic story of Harry Potter.
27．What does“the glass bubble”in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A．A brain in lack of imagination. B．The glass-domed train car.
C．A summer camp on the train. D．The sightseeing bus.
28．What did the author learn from the train adventure across Canada?
A．Opportunities are hard to get. B．Enjoying a journey counts a lot.
C．Splendid scenery attracts young people. D．The traveling experience is not real to him.
8.（2023·天津·天津市新华中学校考二模）
Are you aware that every single person on this planet who has ever lived, lives now or will live, has a different
perception of reality? The way each of us perceives the world is to some degree different than any other person's
perception of reality. __①__ What is absolutely real and right for you may be an illusion, or nonexistent, or
completely false for another!
It's important to know this. __②__ For example, the news media loves to create drama, and one of their
favorite methods is to elicit(引起) fear: fear of other people, fear of the weather, fear of the economy, etc. The news
media tells us how to perceive the world—and if a person takes the newscasters at their word, they perceive the
world to be very dangerous and hostile. To that person，the mental images and emotions suggested by other people
create a version of reality that is completely different from the reality perceived by someone who does not watch
the news.
Things are not always what they seem. For most people, seeing is believing, which is why magicians, artists
and marketers are so successful. Just like the TV news, they show you only what they want you to see and it is
perceived as reality. But how would that reality change if you saw what went on behind the scenes or what was left
out?
What's your story?
We all have a story. Over time, your story takes on a life of its own and you become your story. But who's the
author and why did him put so much crap in there? All that unnecessary suffering, struggle, heartache, worry andpain... wouldn't it be better to live a story without all that? Who wants to live in a story with that much boredom and
unfulfilled longings?
The story got its start when you were born, and was coauthored by you along with the influences in your life.
__③__ Anytime you were influenced by someone or something, you unconsciously handed your pen over and said
“Here, you write this about me.” So you are not even writing your OWN story! No one does—until they recognize
that fact, and make a conscious decision to take control of the pen. You CAN write your story the way you want it
to play out.
________________
It is helpful to understand how the brain takes reality and filters it to create your unique perception of reality.
It's an automatic unconscious action that is based on：
● Physical experiences (which is why some optical illusions are extremely unsettling)
● Past conditioning (how you are programmed to see the world)
__④__ When you become aware of the fact that you are constructing your own reality, you can take charge
and build one that is more pleasing. If you change your mind, your vibration and your intentions, you can change
your circumstances! Instead of, “I am a victim of circumstance，” imprint in your mind, “I am the cocreator of
my life”； Instead of, “I am sick and tired of...” imprint in your mind，“I am in control and enthusiastic about
what I do”.
Raise your vibration by thinking, talking and acting more positively. As positiveness becomes a mental
habit，that change will become your new inner reality, which will soon manifest in your outer reality.
The power of perception is immense. Choose to see more good than bad, more abundance than lack, more love
than indifference and more success than struggle.
29．What does the underlined word “perception” mean in the first paragraph?
A．sense B．acceptance
C．reception D．deception
30．How does the author present his viewpoints in the first three paragraphs?
A．By answering questions. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparisons. D．By drawing conclusions.
31．The sentence “Because if you are not aware, your perception, world view and reality are created by other
people.” should be put in ________.
A．① B．② C．③ D．④32．Which of the following subtitles can be filled in the blank?
A．Seeing is not believing
B．Live up to your expectations
C．Change your perception and create a new reality
D．Physical experiences and past conditioning really count
33．What is the tone of the passage?
A．Instructive. B．Humorous.
C．Critical. D．Ironic.
9.（2023春·天津南开·高三统考阶段练习）
Sometimes just when we need the power of miracles, they arise in the places we would least expect.
On a cold January afternoon in 1989, I was climbing Egypt’s Mt. Horeb, hoping to get to the peak by sunset to
see the valley below. As I was winding up the narrow path, I’d sometimes see other hikers who were coming down.
While they would generally pass with simply a nod or a greeting in another language, there was one man who did
neither.
I saw him coming and as he got closer, I could see that, unlike other hikers, he was wearing traditional
Egyptian galabia( 长 袍 ). What made his appearance so strange was that the man didn’t even appear to be
Egyptian, but was a small-framed Asian man with little hair and round glasses.
As we neared one another, I said Hello, but not a sound came from him. I thought maybe he hadn’t heard me.
Suddenly he stopped directly in front of me, looked up from the ground, and spoke a single sentence to me in
English, “Sometimes you don’t know what you have lost until you’ve lost it.” As I took in what I had just heard, he
simply stepped around me and continued his going down.
That moment in my life was a small miracle. The reason is less about what the man said but more about the
timing and the context. The year was 1989, and it was during my Egyptian pilgrimage (朝圣), and specifically
during my hike to Mt. Horeb, that I’d set the time aside to make decisions that would affect my career, my friends,
my family, and ultimately, my life.
I had to ask myself what the chances were of an Asian man dressed in an Egyptian galabia coming down from
the top of this historic mountain just when I was walking up, stopping before me, and offering his wisdom,
seemingly from out of nowhere. My answer to my own question was easy: nearly no chance! In a meet that lasted
less than two minutes, a total stranger had brought something clear and something of a warning, regarding the huge
changes that I would make within a matter of days. In my way of thinking, that’s a miracle.Miracles are everywhere and occur every day for different reasons, in response to the different needs that we
may have in the moment. Our job may be less about questioning the extraordinary things that happen in our daily
lives and more about accepting the gifts they bring.
34．Before the Asian man spoke, how did the author think about him?
A．He was very rude and strange.
B．He was different from others.
C．He was shy and nod to strangers.
D．He looked ordinary and was talkative.
35．Why did the author make a pilgrimage to Mt Horeb in Egypt ?
A．He was in search of a miracle in his life.
B．It was a place for a religious person to head for.
C．He intended to make arrangements for his future life.
D．He waited patiently in expectation of meeting a wise person.
36．What does the underlined part “my own question” refer to in paragraph 6 ?
A．For what reason did the man stop before me ?
B．Why did the Asian man go to the mountain ?
C．What change would I make within a matter of days ?
D．What was the probability that others told us the right words ?
37．Why did the author view the meet with the Asian man as a miracle in his life?
A．Because the Asian man’s appearance had a deciding effect on his future life.
B．Because his words were in perfect response to the need he had at that moment.
C．Because what the Asian man said was meaningful in the philosophy of life.
D．Because the Asian man impressed on him the worth of what he had possessed.
38．What might be the best title for the passage ?
A．Can you recognize a miracle? B．Is a miracle significant to us?
C．When might a miracle occur? D．Why do we need a miracle?
10.（2023·上海·高三专题练习）
In 2012, James Cameron, creator of Avatar and Titanic, became the first person to reach the Challenger Deep.
When he arrived at the deepest spot on Earth at 7 miles below sea level, he spent hours mapping the region and
taking photos and samples.
“As human beings, we’re drawn to absolutes—the deepest, the highest, the coldest, the farthest,” he says.“And as a storyteller and curious monkey, I just wanted to see what was there.” The answer is obvious—plastic and
more. “Our so-called civilization is using the ocean as its toilet,” Cameron says. “Unless this changes, ocean
ecosystems are going to continue their rapid collapse.”
Despite decades of environmental studies, the impact of plastic and other forms of pollution on oceans are not
entirely understood. Initial studies appear to indicate that ingesting(摄取) them—either directly or indirectly—
could cause disease. Plastics can also release poisonous substances into the water, which could potentially impact
animal populations.
But plastic is just one of the problems facing oceans that have yet to be fully understood. “Plastic waste in the
ocean is horrifying but is only the most obvious of our many deadly waste streams, which include carbon that’s
heating the atmosphere and making the ocean acidic, and the run-off nutrients from all the world’s agriculture,
which is causing anoxic(缺氧的) dead zones the size of countries,” Cameron says.
Oceans, like the rest of the world, are impacted by the burning of fossil fuels and the release of greenhouse
gases like carbon dioxide—about 30 percent of which is absorbed by the sea. This absorption causes ocean
acidification, where the pH level is altered to become more acidic. As a result, it’s harder for some creatures to form
shells and skeletons and countless species at the base of the food web can struggle to survive, which, scientists say,
has the potential to cause huge disruptions to entire ecosystems. Indeed, ocean acidification is thought to have
played an important role in Earth’s worst-ever mass extinction event 252 million years ago.
The effect of climate change on the world’s oceans will likely worsen in coming decades. Last June, scientists
announced carbon dioxide levels had reached the highest levels since human records began. The last time carbon
dioxide levels were this high was during the Pliocene era, between 3 and 5 million years ago, when global
temperatures were about 4 degrees Celsius warmer than they are today. Current climate models suggest that if
greenhouse gas emissions continue on their current trend, we may be on course to see 4 degrees of warming by
2100.
As a result, understanding the role oceans have on global systems is becoming more and more important.
39．What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A．The author’s feelings to the ocean. B．Cameron’s movies and remarks.
C．The author’s discoveries under the sea. D．Cameron’s observation and concern.
40．What can we infer from the passage?
A．Several countries are suffering from anoxic dead zones.
B．More concern should have been given to the pollution on oceans.C．Plastic is supposed to be the most serious environmental problem.
D．Ocean acidification removes the nutrients from agricultural products.
41．What does the underlined word “disruptions” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Decreases. B．Destruction.
C．Diseases. D．Discrimination.
42．Why does the author mention the mass extinction event 252 million years ago?
A．To call on people to protect sea animals.
B．To compare current situations with the past.
C．To explain how serious the ocean problem is.
D．To prove pollution to be the cause of acidification.
11.（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
Turtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These then cannot be broken
down and digested, and may ultimately kill them.
It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Floating plastic bags,
for instance, look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lota of plastic objects that end up
inside turtles are not similar to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell
of micro-organisms (微生物) which grow on floating plastic objects fools turtles to feed.
Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, which are released into the air by
micro-organism — colonised plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff to track down food. These chemicals
mark good places to hunt because they indicate an abundance of the seaweed and bacteria. Since turtles are known
to break the surface and sniff the air when swimming towards their feeding areas, Dr. Pfaller indicated that they are
following these same chemicals, and are fooled into thinking that floating plastic objects are edible.
To test that idea, he and his colleagues set up an experiment. They arranged for 15 of the animals, each around
five months old, to be exposed, in random order, to four smells delivered through a pipe to; the air above an
experimental area. The smells were: the vapour from deionised (去离子) water; the smell of turtle-feeding meal;
the smell of a clean plastic bottle; and the smell of a similarly plastic bottle that had been kept in the ocean for five
weeks to allow seaweed and bacteria to grow on it. Two of the smells-the smell of meal and that of five-week-old
bottles-proved far more attractive to the animals than the others.
On the face of it, then, the turtles were responding to the smell of old bottles as if it were the smell of food. In
an unpolluted ocean, pretty well anything which had this smell would be edible-or, at least, harmless.Unfortunately, five-week-old plastic bottles and their like are not.
43．What is most people's opinion on turtles' special habit?
A．Turtles prefer jellyfish to plastics.
B．Turtles enjoy the taste of plastics.
C．Turtles like being fed with plastic tools.
D．Turtles choose to eat plastics for a mistake.
44．What does the underlined word “edible" in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Fit to eat. B．Pleasant to smell.
C．Far to reach. D．Easy to digest.
45．What can we infer from Dr. Pfaller's research?
A．Many seabirds can track the food.
B．Most animals find food through smells.
C．Two smells are especially favored by turtles.
D．The favored smell leads turtles to seek for food.
46．Why did the author mention the unpolluted ocean at last?
A．To explain why the ocean is polluted.
B．To ask for people to feed turtles proper food.
C．To arouse the awareness of protecting the ocean.
D．To show his agreement on Dr. Pfaller's research.
12.（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
Because the commercial internet has been developed with so little regard for privacy, tech companies have
been able to turn personal data into considerable profits, raising billions of dollars off their ability to collect and sell
information about anyone who has wandered within shouting distance of their software. This week, Google
announced a step in the right direction-but not a huge step, nor one that will stop Google from continuing to collect
immense amounts of personal data.
At issue is how online companies track internet users as they browse (浏览) from site to site online, typically
through cookies (information that a website leaves in your computer so that the website will recognize you when
you use it again). The most harmful version, “third-party” cookies, is the web alternative of a company posting
security guards across the internet to monitor what you do, even when you’re on other companies’ sites.
Google declared in a blog post Wednesday that it would no longer use or support third-party cookies, nor
would it create or use any other technology that tracks individual users across the web. Given that Google is a mainsupplier of online advertising technology, its change in approach will impact far and wide.
That’s welcome news, although with huge amounts of warning. As Lee Tien of the Electronic Frontier
Foundation noted, third-party cookies were already on the retreat, with Apple and other makers of popular web
browsers moving to block them. Meanwhile, Google, Facebook and other Big Tech companies continue to collect
personal information in large quantities from people who use their sites and services through first-party cookies and
similar techniques.
The concerns about personal data collection are the same whether it’s being collected through first-party or
third-party techniques, said Michelle Richardson of the Center for Democracy and Technology. “Companies may
use the information to discriminate among internet users, offering different goods, services and even prices to
different users.”
Instead of helping advertisers track individuals, Google says, it is improving a technology that assigns users
namelessly to large groups with common interests. That’s an improvement, even though it too may be at risk of
abuse. But why do any form of tracking at all? Privacy advocates say pitches (兜售) can be targeted effectively by
basing them on where the user is at the moment, not where he or she has browsed previously online.
Ultimately, lawmakers are going to have to lay down regulations giving people far more control over whether
and how personal information is used online. Ideally the federal (联邦的) government will set a strong floor under
online privacy protections, but until then it will be up to state lawmakers or voters to act, as this state has done with
its groundbreaking online privacy laws. It’s good to see Google move the ball forward, but there’s much farther to
go.
47．What does the underlined phrase “on the retreat” in Para 4 most probably mean?
A．Exposed. B．Removed. C．Emerging. D．Fading.
48．It can be learned from the declaration that Google .
A．is developing new technologies to stop data collection
B．refuses to work with companies tracking privacy
C．intends to abandon its advertising technologies
D．resolves to stop the use of third-party cookies
49．From the passage we can know that first-party cookies .
A．are still collecting personal information
B．are blocked by big companies like Apple
C．are mainly used by advertising companiesD．are less concerning than third-party cookies
50．What is the writer’s attitude towards Google’s new move?
A．It is less satisfactory than expected.
B．It needs to be more forceful to be effective.
C．It will accelerate the disappearance of cookies.
D．It has driven lawmakers to make new regulations.
