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上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
2021 学年上外附中第一学期初二年级英语期末考试
II.Choices. 10%
1. —You said she wouldn’t come, ________?
—Yes. But she changed her mind.
A. didn’t you B. did you C. would she D. wouldn’t she
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你说过她不会来的，是吗？——是的。但她改变了主意。
考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则。根据“You said she wouldn’t come”可
知前面是否定句，故疑问部分用肯定形式，故排除BC项；根据主句谓语“said ”可知，时态是一般过去
时，反义疑问句的助动词用didn’t，故选A。
2. —The reading material isn’t easy for Jack to understand, is it?
—________. His foreign language is far better than expected.
A. No, it isn’t B. I’m afraid not C. I don’t think so D. Yes, it is
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——这篇阅读材料对杰克来说不容易理解，是吗？——不，他容易理解。他的外语比预期
要好得多。
考查反意疑问句的回答。根据“His foreign language is far better than expected.”可知，他外语好，容易理解这
篇阅读材料，反意疑问句根据事实回答即可，事实是肯定的，用Yes, it is回答，可翻译为“不”。故选D。
3. Kate’s never late for school, ________?
A. is she B. isn’t she C. has she D. hasn’t she
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：凯特上学从不迟到，是吗？
考查反意疑问句。根据“Kate’s never late for”可知，此句的时态为一般现在时，be late for“迟到”，前一
句有never为否定句，反义疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”的规则，所以be动词放在开头，构成is
she，故选A。
4. Its habitat is shrinking as nearby communities burn the native landscape to ________ new buildings.
A. make up B. make away with C. make way D. make way for
第 1 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：它的栖息地正在缩小，因为附近的社区烧毁了当地的景观，为新建筑让路。
考查动词短语。make up编造；make away with抢走；make way让步；make way for为……让路。根据“Its
habitat is shrinking as nearby communities bum the native landscape to...new buildings”可知烧毁景观是为了给建
筑物让路。故选D。
5. Parents ________ their children’s safety. All of the followings have the same meaning EXCEPT ________.
A. fear for B. are concerned with
C. are concerned about D. worry about
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：父母担心孩子的安全。以下所有选项具有相同含义除了“B涉及”。
考查短语辨析。fear for担心；are concerned with涉及；are concerned about担心，关心；worry about担
心。根据“…their children’s safety.”可知，父母担心孩子的安全，ACD均符合，B项意思不同。故选B。
6. Mother’s Day falls on ________. People buy carnations to ________ their mother.
A. the 2nd Sunday in May; show respect to
B. the 3rd Sunday in May; respect
C. the 3rd Sunday, in May; be respectful of
D. the 2nd Sunday in May; show respect for
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：母亲节于五月的第二个星期天到来，人们买康乃馨来表达对母亲的尊敬。
考查常识和动词短语。由常识知，母亲节是在五月的第二个星期天，排除B、C；由句中“People buy
carnations”可知，人们买康乃馨是来表达尊敬，show respect to sb.“向某人表达尊敬”。故选A。
7. The 2008 Summer Olympics was held in ________.
A. London, Britain B. Beijing, China
C. Tokyo, Japan D. Paris, France
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：2008年夏季奥运会在中国北京举行。
考查常识知识。London, Britain英国伦敦；Beijing, China中国北京；Tokyo, Japan日本东京；Paris, France
第 2 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
法国巴黎。根据常识可知，2008年夏季奥运会是在中国北京举行的。故选B。
8. It is considered good manners to ________ while having a meal.
A. slouch B. chew with your mouth closed
C. play with your food D. reach across the table
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：吃饭时闭着嘴咀嚼被认为是有礼貌的。
考查情景交际。slouch无精打采；chew with your mouth closed闭嘴咀嚼；play with your food玩你的食物；
reach across the table把手伸过桌子。根据“It is considered good manners”及常识可知，吃饭时闭嘴咀嚼是礼
貌的，故选B。
9. The island of Ireland ________ two parts, the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.
A. composes of B. separates into C. consists of D. makes up of
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：爱尔兰岛由两个部分组成，爱尔兰共和国和北爱尔兰。
考查动词短语。composes of 由……构成，常用于被动语态；separates into 分成（若干部分）；consists of
包含、由……组成；makes up of 构成，组成，整体作主语用于被动语态。该句是整体作主语，使用主动语
态，表示由两部分组成，故选C。
10. ________ from my home to my workplace!
A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it
C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：从我的家到我的工作场所有多远啊！
考查感叹句。此处的中心词是可数名词单数way，故此处用感叹句结构：What a/an adj. n.+主谓。故选D。
11. —Hey, it’s Saturday. What are you up to?
—
A. I’ve been preparing for the performance.
B. Not good. I lost my job.
C. I’m going to hang out with my best friend.
D. What’s up? Have you got any suggestions?
第 3 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——嘿，今天是星期六。你在忙什么？——我要和我最好的朋友出去玩。
考查情景交际。I’ve been preparing for the performanceI’ve been preparing for the performance我一直在为演出
做准备；Not good. I lost my job不好。我失业了；I’m going to hang out with my best friend我要和我最好的
朋友出去玩；What’s up? Have you got any suggestions怎么了？你有什么建议吗。根据“it’s Saturday. What
are you up to”可知今天是星期六，询问要做什么，选项C符合语境。故选C。
12. — Mom, my flight arrives at 5 this afternoon.
— OK, I’ll ________.
A. pick you at the airport B. pick you up in the airport
C. pick you from the airport D. pick you up from the airport
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：——妈妈，我的航班今天下午5点到达。 ——好的，我将去机场接你。
考查动词短语和介词短语。pick sb. up意为“用车去接某人”；“去机场接人”为pick sb. up at/from the
airport。故选D。
13. — Oh my god! Have you heard of that? Lady Gaga has broken off ________!
— Oh, it is such ________ to hear that.
A. the engagement with her fiancé, a surprise
B. the marriage with her fiancé, surprise
C. the engagement to her fiancé, a shock
D. the marriage to her fiancé, shock
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我的天啊！你听说过吗？Lady Gaga和她的未婚夫解除了订婚！——哦，听到这个消
息真是太震惊了。
考查名词辨析和使用。the engagement to her fiancé“和未婚夫的订婚”；the marriage to her fiancé“和未婚夫
的婚姻”；surprise“惊讶”；shock“震惊”。根据“fiancé”是未婚夫，所以应该是解除订婚。shock，可数
名词，使用时要加冠词a，故选C。
14. —When will a person feel cold in summer?
—Well, when he ________. You know, ________ can affect the temperature.
第 4 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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A. is in the South Pole; longitude
B. reaches the top of the mountain; altitude
C. is located near the equator; latitude
D. is situated in the Sichuan Basin; clouds
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——一个人夏天什么时候会感到冷？——当他到达山顶时。你知道，海拔高度会影响温
度。
考查地理知识。is in the South Pole位于南极，longitude经度；reaches the top of the mountain到达山顶，
altitude海拔高度，is located near the equator位于赤道附近，latitude纬度；is situated in the Sichuan Basin位
于四川盆地，clouds云。温度主要和纬度有关，与经度没有直接关系，排除A；赤道地区终年受太阳辐
射，全年温度较高，所以年温差较小，排除C；盆地温差小，因为盆地地形气流不易扩散，排除D；选项
B，通常气温随海拔增高而降低。故选B。
15. I ________. Now, it’s just a nightmare for me. The topographical map always ________ me!
A. was used to finding geography fascinating; upsets
B. was used to find geography fascinated; annoys
C. used to finding geography fascinated; surprises
D used to find geography fascinating; puzzles
.
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：我过去觉得地理很迷人。现在，这对我来说只是一场噩梦。地形图总是使我迷惑不解！
考查动词短语和动词辨析。be used to doing“习惯于做……”；be used to do“被用于做……”；used to
do“过去常常做……”；upsets“使烦恼”；annoys“打扰”；surprises“使惊讶”；puzzles“困惑”。根据
“Now, it’s just a nightmare for me”可知，过去作者认为地理很迷人，但是现在却认为是一场噩梦，让作者
迷惑不解，故选D。
16. It is said ancient cities like Loulan and Pompeii ________at an important position of transportation.Rivers once
________through the city downtown.
A. laid; winded B. was lain; wounded C. lay; wound D. was lied; wound
【答案】C
【解析】
第 5 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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【详解】句意：据说像楼兰和庞贝这样的古城处于重要的交通位置。河流曾在市中心蜿蜒流过。
考查动词时态。lay坐落于；laid坐落于，过去式；was lain被坐落于，被动语态；was lied被撒谎，被动语
态； winded蜿蜒，过去式；wounded受伤，过去式；wound蜿蜒，过去式。第一句是宾语从句，主句一
般过去时，从句表达一种客观事实，时态使用一般现在时，主语是两座城市，谓语动词使用动词原形；第
二句表示河流曾经流过，使用一般过去时，填写过去式。故选C。
17. In the story of Maggie’s Gift, Maggie and his husband both ________ a happy Christmas and decided to buy a
gift for each other. In the end, although they lost their ________ things, they didn’t begin to realize the ________
thing of their life until they received the gift.
A. hoped loved ones to have; valuable; invaluable
B. hoped loved ones have; valueless; valuable
C. hoped loved ones have; valuable; invaluable
D. hoped loved ones to have; invaluable; valueless
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：在《麦琪的礼物》的故事中，麦琪和他的丈夫都希望爱人拥有一个快乐的圣诞节，决定给
对方买一份礼物。最后，尽管他们失去了宝贵的东西，但直到收到礼物，他们才开始意识到生命中的宝
贵。
考查宾语从句和形容词辨析。valuable宝贵的；invaluable极宝贵的；valueless不值钱的。hope“希望”，其
后不能加动词不定式作宾语补足语，排除AD；根据“although they lost their...things”以及常识可知，为了给
对方买礼物，夫妇两人失去了自己珍贵的东西，排除B。故选C。
18. It is said that a strange disease ________ South Sudan. Until now the disease ________ the death of at least 89
people.
A. is causing an effect on; has caused
B. is having an impact on; has resulted from
C. is damaging to; has lead to
D. is causing damage to; has resulted in
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：据说一种奇怪的疾病正在给南苏丹造成损害。到目前为止，该疾病已导致至少89人死
亡。
考查动词短语。cause an effect on对……产生影响；have an impact on对于……有影响；damage to对……的
第 6 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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损害；cause damage to对……造成破坏；result from起因于；lead to导致；result in结果是，导致。根据
“Until now the disease … the death of at least 89 people”可知，强调这个疾病导致的结果，从第二空排除A
和B选项；又结合“a strange disease … South Sudan”可知，第一空说明的是疾病正在造成一定的损害，
故选D。
19. It is reported that the city is one of ________ in the world. Every year, more than ________ of the population
are suffering from lead pollution.
A. most polluted city; three-fourth
B. the most polluted cities; three-fourths
C. the cities with most pollution; three-fours
D. the city with the most pollution; three-fourths
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：据报道，该市是世界上污染最严重的城市之一。每年，超过四分之三的人口遭受铅污染。
考查one of的用法和分数的表达。结构“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”，表示“最……之一”。分数
是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，分子大于“1”时序数词都要用复数
形式，例如：3/4表达为：three fourths/three-fourths或three quarters。结合所给的选项可知，只有选项B符
合。故选B。
20. You’d better ________ as it is getting colder. ________ you arrive at home, you will stay away from the
coldness.
A. not stay out too long; The moment
B. to come back earlier; As soon as
C. not to stay out too long; Until
D. come back earlier; Before
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：天气越来越冷，你最好不要在外面待太久。你一到家，就会远离寒冷。
考查had better的用法以及连词辨析。had better (not) do sth“做好（不）做某事”，排除BC选项；The moment
一……就……；before在……以前。根据“you arrive at home, you will stay away from the coldness.”可知一到家，
就会远离寒冷，故选A。
III. Cloze. 5%
For billions of years, life on our planet has evolved to the natural rhythms of night and day caused by the
第 7 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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rotation of the earth. For humans, the sun gives us essential vitamins and the light we need to function. When the
sun goes ___21___ and darkness sets in, the melatonin (褪黑素) in our brains make us ___22___. Around us, other
creatures awaken and use the darkness to hide or to hunt, to travel, and to communicate. Twinkling lighting bugs
flash in the dark to communicate. Prey uses the shadows to hide and predators use the shielding darkness to hunt.
___23___, over the last hundred years or so, our night sky has been fighting a losing battle against humans’
artificial light.
Migrating birds ___24___ buildings, and newly hatched sea turtles mistake the glow of streets for the shimmer
of the moon on the ocean. We even face more direct ___25___ risks from artificial light. Artificial light emitted from
our screens, lamps, and streetlights ___26___our normal sleep rhythms and decrease our melatonin production, which
can cause adverse effects to our health.
The ___27___ use of artificial light at night can have unintended effects on amphibians, birds, mammals,
insects, plants, and even our own bodies natural cycles. ___28___, the solution could be as easy as flipping a
switch. The IDA (International Dark-Sky Association) has found ways that each one of us can help ___29___ light
pollution and fight for the night. Solving this issue could be as easy as being sure to shut off all ____30____ lights
at night, or investing in quality outdoor lighting that shines towards the ground.
21. A. up B. down C. east D. west
22. A. excited B. tired C. sleepy D. happy
23. A. However B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. Afterwards
24. A. fly into B. crash into C. live in D. move into
25. A. heart B. health C. eye D. sleep
26. A. increase B. reduce C. disrupt D. improve
27. A. right B. suitable C. direct D. inappropriate
28. A. Seriously B. Unfortunately C. Fortunately D. Overwhelmingly
29. A. strengthen B. reduce C. increase D. stop
30. A. unnecessary B. necessary C. important D. useful
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了现在太多的光对人类的健康造成了不利的影响，并建议人们关闭不必要的灯。
【21题详解】
句意：当太阳下山，黑暗降临时，我们大脑中的褪黑素会让我们昏昏欲睡。
up向上；down向下；east向东；west向西。根据“darkness sets in”可知太阳下山，黑暗降临。故选B。
第 8 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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【22题详解】
句意：当太阳下山，黑暗降临时，我们大脑中的褪黑素会让我们昏昏欲睡。
excited兴奋的；tired劳累的；sleepy困倦的；happy开心的。根据“the melatonin (褪黑素) in our brains make
us”可知黑夜来临时，褪黑素会让我们困倦。故选C。
【23题详解】
句意：然而，在过去一百年左右的时间里，我们的夜空一直在与人类人造光进行一场失败的战斗。
however然而；meanwhile同时；therefore因此；afterwards后来。根据“over the last hundred years or so, our
night sky has been fighting a losing battle against humans’ artificial light”以及上文内容可知，前后是转折关
系，用however连接。故选A。
【24题详解】
句意：候鸟撞上建筑物里，新孵化的海龟把街道的光辉误认为是海洋上月亮的微光。
fly into突然陷入；crash into撞上；live in住在；move into搬进。根据“Migrating birds...buildings”可知光会
让鸟会撞上建筑物。故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：我们甚至面临人造光带来的更直接的健康风险。
heart心脏；health健康；eye眼睛；sleep睡觉。根据“which can cause adverse effects to our health”可知人造
光会对健康有危害。故选B。
【26题详解】
句意：屏幕、灯具和路灯发出的人造光扰乱了我们的正常睡眠节奏，降低了褪黑素的产生，这可能对我们
的健康造成不利影响。
increase增加；reduce减少；disrupt扰乱；improve改善。根据“our normal sleep rhythms”可知人造光会扰乱
正常的睡眠节奏。故选C。
【27题详解】
句意：夜间不适当地使用人造光可能会对两栖动物、鸟类、哺乳动物、昆虫、植物，甚至我们自己的身体
自然周期产生意外影响。
right正确的；suitable合适的；direct直接的；inappropriate不恰当的。根据“The...use of artificial light at
night can have unintended effects”可知人造光的不恰当使用会有意外影响。故选D。
【28题详解】
句意：幸运的是，解决方案可以像拨动开关一样简单。
seriously严肃地；unfortunately不幸地；fortunately幸运地；Overwhelmingly压倒性地。根据“the solution
could be as easy as flipping a switch”可知人造光对健康有危害，但是幸运的是，解决方案很简单。故选C。
第 9 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【29题详解】
句意：国际黑暗天空协会（IDA）已经找到了方法，我们每个人都可以帮助减少光污染，为夜晚而战。
strengthen加强；reduce减少；increase增加；stop停止。根据“light pollution and fight for the night”可知他们
找到了减少光污染的方法。故选B。
【30题详解】
句意：解决这个问题可能很容易，就像确保在晚上关掉所有不必要的灯，或者投资于高质量的户外照明，
使其照向地面。
unnecessary不必要的；necessary必要的；important重要的；useful有用的。根据“shut off all...lights at
night”可知是关掉不必要的灯。故选A。
IV. Reading comprehension: 20%
(A)
Anna Douglas was 72 years old when she started writing her newspaper column. After she retired, she found
a volunteer job with an agency. The agency that she chose to work for helped find jobs for old people. Every day
she talked with other retired people like herself. By talking, she recognized two things: Old people had abilities that
were not being used. Old people also had problems—mostly problems with communication.
Mrs. Douglas found a new purpose for herself. She had written stories about people for national magazines.
Now there was a subject: old people like herself. She began to write a newspaper column called “Sixty Phis”,
which focuses on getting old. She wrote about the problems of the aged, especially their problems with being
misunderstood.
Anna Douglas tries to see the truth behind a problem. She understands the reasons why problems begin. She
understands old people and young people as well. For example, one of her readers said that his grandchildren left
the house every time he came to visit. Mrs. Douglas suggested some ways for him to increase understanding with
his grandchildren. She told him to listen to young people’s music and to watch the most popular television shows.
“It’s important to know something about your grandchildren’s world,” says Mrs. Douglas. “That means
questions and listening—and listening is not what old people do best.” She continues, “Say good things to them and
about them. Never criticize your grandchildren or any other youngsters, teenagers, or young adults. Never tell them
that they are wrong. Don’t give them your opinion. They have been taught that they should have respect for old
people. The old should also have respect for the young.”
31. Anna Douglas knows the problems of the aged because ________.
A. she herself is old B. she likes to talk with old people
第 10 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
C. she has grandchildren D. she writes stories about old people
32. Anna Douglas’s newspaper column ________.
A. has some ideas for young adults B. deals with problems of the aged
C. contains mostly amusing stories D. is about how to find jobs for old people
33. According to Anna Douglas, old people have to learn how to _________.
A. criticize B. complain C. talk D. listen
34. Anna Douglas doesn’t think that ________.
A. old people are capable of doing a lot of things
B. old people have problems with being misunderstood
C. old people are good at listening
D. old people can listen to young people’s music and watch the most popular television shows
35. According to Mrs. Douglas’s advice, old people ________.
A. had better improve their hearing in order to understand the young
B. should learn a lot from youngsters, teenagers, or young adults
C. should show respect for the young when criticizing them
D. should understand the young and have respect for them
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了一位70多岁的老人在报纸上开专栏，专门为老年人排心结，解困惑。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Now there was a subject: old people like herself...She wrote about the problems of the aged,
especially their problems with being misunderstood”可知她知道老年人的问题，因为她本身也是一个老人。故
选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据“She wrote about the problems of the aged, especially their problems with being
misunderstood”可知她开设的专栏主要是处理老年人的问题。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据“That means questions and listening”可知老年人要学习倾听。故选D。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据“listening is not what old people do best”可知她认为倾听不是老年人最擅长的。故选C。
【35题详解】
第 11 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
细节理解题。根据“Say good things to them and about them...The old should also have respect for the young”可
知老年人要理解年轻人，不要批评他们，要尊重他们。故选D。
（B）
Aquatic art protects sea life
A fisherman has built an undersea museum to try to stop illegal and harmful trawling（拖网捕鱼）in the
Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Italy.
Bottom trawling is a form of fishing in which nets are weighted with chains and dragged across the seabed. It
can sweep up any sea life in their way and destroy delicate habitats. Although it is illegal within three miles of the
Italian coast, it can be an easy way for fisherman to make money.
Paolo Fanciulli has fished the water off Tuscany in northwest Italy ever since he was the age of 13. He has
been campaigning against trawling ever since he first began noticing its harmful effects in the 1980s. In 2006, the
local government dropped blocks onto the seabed to stop trawling nets in their tracks. However, they were too far
apart and the nets passed between them.
Fanciulli however, did not give up. He asked a local marble quarry（采石场）to donate two large stone
,
blocks. When he was offered 100 instead, he appealed to artists around the world to help turn them into sculptures.
The blocks have now been dropped in a large circle to form an underwater art museum that can be visited by
divers. There are now hopeful signs of marine regeneration（再生）in the area. Meanwhile, the numbers of sea
creatures in the area such as turtles and dolphins have also been on the rise.
36. An undersea museum has been built to ________.
A. provide a place for visitors
B. protect fishermen in Italy
C. stop illegal fishing to protect sea life
D. make the coast of Italy more beautiful
37. The second paragraph mainly talks about ________.
A. the history of bottom trawling
B. advantages of bottom trawling
C. different opinions on bottom trawling
D. general information about bottom trawling
38. According to paragraph 3, the government’s block-dropping method was ________.
A. harmful B. effective C. beneficial D. unsuccessful
第 12 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
39. The underlined phrase “appealed to” in the third paragraph most nearly means ________.
A. resulted in B. called for C. brought about D. presented with
40. What can we learn about Fanciulli, according to paragraph 3 and 4?
A. Fanciulli made money from stone blocks.
B. Fanciulli turned large stone blocks into sculptures.
C. Fanciulli’s efforts to build the museum have brought benefits to sea creatures.
D. Fanciulli learned about the harmful effects of trawling while he was building the museum.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. D 39. B 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了一名渔民建造了一座海底博物馆，试图阻止在意大利海岸外的地中海非法和有害
的拖网捕鱼。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据“A fisherman has built an undersea museum to try to stop illegal and harmful trawling”可知一
名渔民建造了一座海底博物馆，试图阻止在意大利海岸外的地中海非法和有害的拖网捕鱼。故选C。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“Bottom trawling is a form of fishing in which nets are weighted with chains and dragged
across the seabed...”并结合本段内容可知本段主要介绍了拖网捕鱼的基本信息。故选D。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据“However, they were too far apart and the nets passed between them”可知当地政府在海床上
放置了木块，以阻止拖网在其轨道上移动，然而，他们相距太远，网从他们中间穿过，可见他们的方法没
有成功。故选D。
【39题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“When he was offered 100 instead, he appealed to artists around the world to help turn them
into sculptures.”可知他呼吁世界各地的艺术家帮助将其转化为雕塑。故选B。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“There are now hopeful signs of marine regeneration in the area. Meanwhile, the numbers of
sea creatures in the area such as turtles and dolphins have also been on the rise”可知该地区现在有海洋再生的希
望迹象，该地区海龟和海豚等海洋生物的数量也在上升，所以Fanciulli建造博物馆的努力为海洋生物带来
了好处。故选C。
(C)
Some of you may play Ant Forest. It is a game on Alipay. Users collect “energy” to make their “trees” grow.
第 13 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
When the “energy” reaches a certain level, some organizations and companies will plant a real tree in a desert area
of China. And now it seems that the nation’s efforts as a whole to make a greener world have paid off.
According to a study by NASA and published in the journal Nature Sustainability in February, China and
India are mainly responsible for making the Earth greener over the past two decades. The study has found that since
2000 the Earth’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers. That’s an area
equivalent to the total area of the Amazon rainforest. It is mainly the result of big tree planting programs in China
and intensive agriculture in both countries, according to NASA. “China and India account for one third of the
increased greening but contain only 9 percent of the planets land area covered in vegetation.” Chi Chen, the study’s
lead author and a researcher at Boston University, US, told CNN. China was the major contributor, adding 25
percent to this increase, while India added 6.8 percent.
Over the past decades, China has made great efforts to green the land. In 1978, China began a national-level
forestation project—the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program, also known as the “Great Green Wall”. The
program has seen many trees planted in 13 provinces and autonomous regions in northern China to act as
windbreaks, according to China Daily. By the end of 2017, the forest coverage rate among the regions of the
project had reached 13.57 percent, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago.
For example, Kubuqi Desert, which is near the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia, is the seventh largest in the
country. It was once the source of sandstorms in Beijing. But thanks to forestation efforts, about one third of the
Kubuqi Desert is now covered with trees and shrubs, and sandstorms are less common, reported Xinhua News
Agency.
In the light of China’s success in dealing with desertification, the United Nations Environment Program
(UNEP) believes China is a good example for others to follow. “China is one of the most successful countries in
greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world.” UNEP Executive Director Erik Solheim told Xinhua.
41. When the users of Ant Forest collect enough “energy”, ________.
A. a tree can be planted in the game
B. they can go to the desert and plant a tree
C. a tree in the desert will be named after them
D. an organization or a company will plant a tree in a desert
42. According to NASA, ________.
A. China contributes more to the increased greening than India
B. the area covered in vegetation contains 9 percent of the planets land
C. the increase in greening is the result of big tree-planting programs in India
第 14 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
D. China and India helped the Amazon rainforest become greener
43. What does the word “it” (Para.2) refer to?
A. The area is equivalent to the total area of the Amazon rainforest.
B. Since 2000 the Earth’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers.
C. China and India are mainly responsible for making the Earth greener one the past two decades.
D. Big tree-planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries.
44. What can be known about the “Great Green Wall”?
A. It was a project led by the 13 provincial governments.
B. This project started in 1978 and completed in 2017.
C. Trees were planted to provide protection from the wind.
D. The forest coverage rate of China increased about 8.5%.
45. Why does the author write this article?
A. To suggest that other countries learn from China’s actions.
B. To call for more efforts to make the Earth greener.
C. To state that China has been playing a leading role to increase green land.
D. To prove that the green leaf area on the Earth has been decreasing rapidly in recent years.
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了近些年来中国在增加绿色土地面积方面所作出的贡献。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据“When the ‘energy’ reaches a certain level, some organizations and companies will plant a
real tree in a desert area of China”可知，当“能量”达到一定水平时，一些组织和公司就会在中国的沙漠地
区种植一棵真正的树，故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据“China was the major contributor, adding 25 percent to this increase, while India added 6.8
percent”可知，中国是主要贡献者，增加了25%，而印度增加了6.8%。中国对绿化的贡献大于印度。故选
A。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“The study has found that since 2000 the Earth’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or
over 5 million square kilometers.”可知，自2000年以来，地球的绿叶面积增加了5%，主要是中国大型植树
计划和两国集约化农业的结果。划线单词指代的是“自2000年以来，地球的绿叶面积增加了5%，即超过
第 15 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
500万平方公里。”故选B。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The program has seen many trees planted in 13 provinces and autonomous regions in
northern China to act as windbreaks”可知，种植许多树木，以充当防风林。故选C。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，介绍了近些年来中国在增加绿色土地面积方面所作出的贡献。故选C。
(D)
More than 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous Period（白垩纪）, many species died off during
a global disaster often called the K-Pg extinction. The end of the Cretaceous Period saw some very big changes in
Earth’s oceans and on its lands. It wiped out up to 80% of all animal species, including the dinosaurs. But 20% of the
animals that were alive with the dinosaurs did survive. What were these amazing animals? How and why did they
survive while so many others disappeared forever? Behold the survivors of the K-Pg mass extinction.
Spider （Arachnid）
The earliest web-spinning arachnids （蛛形纲动物）produced silk from their abdomens about 386 million
years ago. These ancient arachnids are closely related to today’s spiders. The original function of spider webs was
probably to wrap eggs in a protective covering. Later, spiders evolved to use their silk to spin webs for catching prey.
This ingenious invention helped them save energy while hunting and made it easier for them to survive.
Dragonflies （Meganeura 巨脉蜻蜓）
Today these flying insects have wings with a span of about 6 inches. But the earliest dragonflies used to grow
to huge sizes 325 million years ago. The Meganeura dragonfly had a wingspan of almost 27 inches and would have
dwarfed the largest modern dragonfly. In the oxygen-rich swamp environment of the Cretaceous, their large size
helped Meganeura to absorb needed oxygen. But after the K-Pg extinction, the air and water contained less oxygen.
Dragonflies adapted to their new environment by becoming smaller.
Crocodile （Sarcosuchus 帝王鳄）
The largest Sarcosuchus from the Cretaceous was 39 feet long. This is three times longer than the biggest modern
crocodile. Crocodiles are predators and have probably hunted in much the same way for the past 225 million years.
They have survived all this time by matching their relatively small size with their extremely powerful jaws that
produce a great biting force.
Answer the following questions in complete sentences.
46. When did the K-Pg extinction happen?
第 16 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
_________________________________________________________________________
47. How did spiders survive?
_________________________________________________________________________
48. What were Meganeura’s large-sized wings used for?
_________________________________________________________________________
49. Dragonflies didn’t become smaller to adapt to the new environment, did they?
_________________________________________________________________________
50. Compared with crocodiles today, did crocodiles 225 millions ago hunt differently or similarly?
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】46. More than 65 million years ago.
47. Spiders evolved to use their silk to spin webs for catching prey.
48. They helped Meganeura to absorb needed oxygen.
49. Yes, they did.
50. Compared with crocodiles today, crocodiles 225 millions ago hunted similarly.
【解析】
【导语】本文主要介绍了一些在K-Pg大灭绝中的幸存下来的动物。
【46题详解】
根据“More than 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous Period (白垩纪), many species died off during a
global disaster often called the K-Pg extinction”可知K-Pg灭绝发生在6500多万年前。故填More than 65
million years ago.
【47题详解】
根据“spiders evolved to use their silk to spin webs for catching prey. This ingenious invention helped them save
energy while hunting and made it easier for them to survive”可知蜘蛛进化成用它们的丝绸织网来捕捉猎物，这
项巧妙的发明帮助它们在狩猎时节省了能量，使它们更容易生存。故填Spiders evolved to use their silk to
spin webs for catching prey.
【48题详解】
根据“their large size helped Meganeura to absorb needed oxygen”可知它们的巨大体型有助于巨神经吸收所需
的氧气。故填They helped Meganeura to absorb needed oxygen.
第 17 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
【49题详解】
根据“Dragonflies adapted to their new environment by becoming smaller”可知蜻蜓变小，适应了新环境，故此
处应回答“不，它们变小了”，此时Yes译为“不”，后加they did。故填Yes, they did.
【50题详解】
根据“Crocodiles are predators and have probably hunted in much the same way for the past 225 million years”可
知在过去的2.25亿年里，它们可能以同样的方式捕食。故填Compared with crocodiles today, crocodiles 225
millions ago hunted similarly.
Paper Two
I. Choose the right words to complete the passage in their proper forms: 10%
compete reduce protect various science
recommend annually whale value creation
The definition of ___51___ in the dictionary is “the practice or industry of hunting and killing whales for their
oil, meat, or whalebone.” This industry has greatly increased in the past century, making it a highly ___52___
business and slowly making the whales a dying species.
People hunt whales because every part of the whale is useful. Meat skin, blubber, and organs contain a
,
___53___ of nutrients, such as protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Whale oil and baleen (sometimes called
whalebone, although it’s not bone at all) are also ___54___. Technological developments since the mid-nineteenth
century have increased their kill. For example, the steamboat and floating factory ships are responsible for bringing
about a dramatic ___55___ in whale population.
Countries all over the world have been paying more and more attention to the ___56___ of whale populations.
Lots of efforts have been made to protect whales.The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was ___57___ in
1946 to protect these creatures. The IWC encourages, funds whale research and publishes the results of these and
other ___58___ research. The IWC has three committees (委员会) to assist it in performing these functions. The
Scientific Committee analyzes data on whales and makes its ___59___ to the Technical Committee. The Technical
Committee drafts rules for consideration by the IWC at its ____60____ meetings. The Finance and Administration
Committee oversees the entire IWC.
【答案】51. whaling
52. competitive
第 18 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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53. variety
54. valuable
55. reduction
56. protection
57. created
58. scientific
59. recommendations
60. annual
【解析】
【导语】本文介绍了鲸鱼数量减少的原因以及如何保护鲸鱼。
【51题详解】
句意：字典中对捕鲸的定义是“为获取鲸鱼的油、肉或鲸骨而捕杀鲸鱼的做法或行业。”根据“the
practice or industry of hunting and killing whales for their oil, meat, or whalebone.”可知，这里是字典中对捕鲸
的定义，whale意为“捕鲸”，动词，介词of后跟动名词。故填whaling。
【52题详解】
句意：在过去的一个世纪里，这个行业有了很大的发展，使其成为一个竞争激烈的行业，并慢慢地使鲸鱼
成为濒临灭绝的物种。根据“and slowly making the whales a dying species.”可知，这里指竞争激烈的行
业，compete意为“竞争”，动词；这里用形容词competitive，意为“竞争的”，作定语。故填
competitive。
【53题详解】
句意：肉、皮肤、鲸脂和器官含有多种营养素，如蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质。根据“such as
protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals.”可知，这里指多种营养素，various意为“各种各样的”，形容词；这
里需用名词variety，意为“不同种类”， a variety of意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
【54题详解】
句意：鲸油和鲸须（有时被称为鲸骨，虽然它根本不是骨头）也很有价值。根据“Whale oil and baleen”
可知，这些都是有价值的东西，value意为“价值”，名词；这里用形容词valuable，意为“有价值的”，作
表语。故填valuable。
【55题详解】
句意：例如，汽船和浮式工厂船导致鲸鱼数量急剧减少。根据“bringing about a dramatic…in whale
population.”可知，这里指鲸鱼数量急剧减少，reduce意为“减少”，动词；这里需用名词reduction，意为
“减少”。故填reduction。
第 19 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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【56题详解】
句意：世界各国越来越重视保护鲸鱼种群。根据“have been paying more and more attention to the…of whale
populations.”可知，这里指保护鲸鱼种群，protect 意为“保护”，动词；这里需用名词protection，意为
“保护”。故填protection。
【57题详解】
句意：国际捕鲸委员会（IWC）成立于1946年，旨在保护这些生物。根据“The International Whaling
Commission (IWC) was…in 1946”可知，这里指国际捕鲸委员会的成立， creation意为“创建”，名词；这
里需用动词的过去分词created，指被成立于1946年。故填created。
【58题详解】
句意：国际捕鲸委员会鼓励、资助鲸鱼研究，并公布这些和其他科学研究的结果。根据“publishes the
results of these and other…research.”可知，这里指公布这些和其他科学研究的结果，science意为“科
学”，名词；这里需用形容词scientific，意为“科学的”，作定语。故填scientific。
【59题详解】
句意：科学委员会分析鲸鱼的数据，并向技术委员会提出建议。根据“makes its…to the Technical
Committee.”可知，这里指向技术委员会提出建议，recommend 意为“建议”，动词；这里需用名词复数
recommendations，意为“建议”。故填recommendations。
【60题详解】
句意：技术委员会起草规则，供国际捕鲸委员会年度会议审议。根据“by the IWC at its…meetings.”可
知，这里指每年的会议，annually意为“一年一次地”，副词；这里需用形容词annual，意为“年度的”，
作定语。故填annual。
IL. Complete the passage in the right forms of given words: 10%
Something really annoying ___61___ (happen) when I was going to the concert last Saturday. I ___62___ (ride)
my bicycle along the street when I saw a woman ___63___ (stand) on the pavement outside one of the boutique
shops. She ___64___ (carry) lots of shopping bags. I had just passed the crossing when she suddenly ___65___ (step)
into the road without ___66___ (look). I didn’t hit her, but I fell off my bicycle. It’s a good thing I was wearing my
helmet, so I wasn’t badly hurt! I expected her ___67___ (apologize), but she just turned away and left without a
word! I kept telling myself ___68___ (not be) mad at her and since my bicycle was broken, I had to have it ___69___
(repair).Then I caught a bus to the concert and it seemed ____70____ (take) hours! Eventually I made it to the concert
in time and was able to play my saxophone with my friends!
【答案】61. happened
第 20 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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62. was riding
63. standing
64. was carrying
65. stepped
66. looking
67. to apologize
68. not to be
69. repaired
70. to take
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在去听音乐会的路上发生的一件烦人的事情。
【61题详解】
句意：上周六我去听音乐会的时候，发生了一件很烦人的事。根据“last Saturday”可知动作发生在过去，用
一般过去时，动词用过去式happened“发生”。故填happened。
【62题详解】
句意：我骑着自行车沿街走，突然看到一位女士站在一家精品店外的人行道上。ride“骑”，根据“my bicycle
along the street when I saw”可知当时正在骑自行车，用过去进行时was/were doing，主语是I，be动词用
was。故填was riding。
【63题详解】
句意：我骑着自行车沿街走，突然看到一位女士站在一家精品店外的人行道上。stand“站”，由语境可知，
她正站在那里；see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。故填standing。
【64题详解】
句意：她带了很多购物袋。carry“携带”，由语境可知，此处表示她正拿着购物袋，用过去进行时was/were
doing，主语是she，be动词用was。故填was carrying。
【65题详解】
句意：我刚过十字路口，她突然没有看就走进了马路。描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，动词用过去式
stepped“踩”。故填stepped。
【66题详解】
句意：我刚过十字路口，她突然没有看就走进了马路。look“看”，介词without后加动名词。故填
looking。
【67题详解】
第 21 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
句意：我期待着她道歉。apologize“道歉”，expect sb. to do sth.“期待某人做某事”。故填to apologize。
【68题详解】
句意：我一直告诉自己不要生她的气。tell sb. not to do sth.“告诉某人不要做某事”。故填not to be。
【69题详解】
句意：我不得不让人修理它。repair“修理”；have sth. repaired“让某人修理某物”。故填repaired。
【70题详解】
句意：然后我搭上了去音乐会的巴士，似乎要花几个小时！seem to do sth.“好像做某事”。故填to take。
III. Sentence transformation: 5%
71. The result of the experiment surprised all the scientists on the scene.
All the scientists on the scene _____ see the result of the experiment.
【答案】were surprised to
【解析】
【详解】句意：实验的结果使在场的所有科学家都感到惊讶。根据题目要求，改为同义句，原句的宾语“科
学家”做主语，使用被动语态，原句是一般过去时，且主语scientists是名词复数，故使用were done结构作
句子的谓语，构成一般过去时的被动语态，be surprised to do“对做……感到震惊”，故填were surprised to。
72. She paid a fine of 200 yuan for parking in a wrong place.
She _____ 200 yuan _____ parking in a wrong place.
【答案】 ①. was fined ②. for
【解析】
【详解】句意：她因停错地方而被罚款200元。根据题目要求可知要改为同义句，该句可以表述为“她被
罚款200元因为停错地方”。使用被动语态，结构是be done；原句是一般过去时，主语是第三人称单数，
be动词使用was，介词for“因为、为了”，故填was fined；for。
73. The boy realized the importance of revision when he failed the exam.
The boy _____ the importance of revision _____ he failed the exam.
【答案】 ①. didn’t realize ②. until
【解析】
【详解】句意：这男孩当他考试不及格时才意识到复习的重要性。此处表示“直到……才”，用结构
not...until；根据“realized”可知变否定句时借助助动词didn’t，其后加动词原形realize“意识到”。故填didn’t
realize；until。
74. Your opinions always affect my decision greatly.
第 22 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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Your opinions always _____ my decision.
【答案】have a big effect on
【解析】
【详解】句意：你的意见总是对我的决定有很大影响。根据题目要求，改为同义句，主语是opinions，可
数名词复数，句子是一般现在时，谓语动词使用动词原形，have a big effect on“对……有很大影响”，故填
have a big effect on。
75. Native American tribes in the western plains began to use horses around 1600. (改为被动语态)
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Horses were begin to be used by native Americans tribes in the western plains around 1600.
【解析】
【详解】句意：西部平原上的印第安部落大约在1600年开始使用马。改为被动语态，谓语began是一般过
去时，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，主语horses是复数形式，谓语用复数形式，故填Horses were begin
to be used by native Americans tribes in the western plains around 1600.
IV. Complete the passage with given initial letters: 5%
For many residents of northern China, air q___76___ is one of the top concerns when winter approaches. On
Nov 23, haze shrouded Shijiazhuang, Hebei. Local authorities issued an orange alert for heavy air pollution. Ifs not
the first time the province has issued alerts this year.
According to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, burning coal for heat is the major reason for high
levels of PM2.5—fine particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter—in winter, which is about twice that of other
seasons. Meanwhile, unfavorable weather this year has brought other negative impact. “Higher temperatures and
less r___77___ since September have increased ozone density (臭氧密度) and made pollutants harder to
disappear.” said a spokesman of the ministry.
To stop pollution from getting worse, an action plan has been released. The goal is to reduce PM2.5 density
in major cities this winter. This year’s plan sets higher goals than p___78___ years. The average density of PM2.5
in Beijing—Tianjin—Hebei region should drop by 4 percent this winter until March 31,2022, China Daily reported.
Last year5s goal was 3 percent. Also, the number of days with s___79___ pollution should fall by 6 percent.
China has worked to improve the environment. Solid efforts have been made in fighting pollution. Taking
Beijing as an example, the average concentration (浓度)of PM2.5 dropped to 23 micrograms per cubic meter in
Beijing in August. Beijing’s campaign against air pollution has also been listed as a study case to offer experience
第 23 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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to cities in d___80___ countries. Lessons shared from China’s experiences are “worth considering” in India, whose
capital, New Delhi, has suffered from extreme air pollution recently.
【答案】76. (q)uality
77. (r)ainfall
78. (p)revious
79. (s)erious
80. (d)ifferent
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国为治理空气污染所做出的努力。
【76题详解】
句意：对于许多华北居民来说，空气质量是冬季来临时最关心的问题之一。根据“On Nov 23, haze
shrouded Shijiazhuang, Hebei”和首字母提示可知，雾霾影响的是空气质量，quality“质量”，名词，故填
(q)uality。
【77题详解】
句意：9月份以来的高温和降雨量减少增加了臭氧密度，使污染物更难消失。根据“since September have
increased ozone density (臭氧 密度) and made pollutants harder to disappear”和首字母提示可知，进入九月份，
温度升高，降雨减少，rainfall“降雨量”，名词。故填(r)ainfall。
【78题详解】
句意：今年的计划设定了比往年更高的目标。根据“The average density of PM2.5 in Beijing—Tianjin—Hebei
region should drop by 4 percent this winter until March 31,2022, China Daily reported. Last year5s goal was 3
percent.”和首字母提示可知，今年的目标比往年的更高，空处填写形容词 previous“先前的”，故填
(p)revious。
【79题详解】
句意：此外，严重污染天数应减少6%。根据“the number of days with…pollution should fall by 6 percent”可
知，空处应该填写形容词修饰名词pollution，serious“严重的”，形容词，故填(s)erious。
【80题详解】
句意：北京治理空气污染的行动也被列为研究案例，为不同国家的城市提供经验。根据“Lessons shared from
China’s experiences are “worth considering” in India, whose capital, New Delhi, has suffered from extreme air
pollution recently.”和首字母提示可知，举出印度的例子说明，中国的案例为不同的国家提供了经验，空处
填写形容词different“不同的”修饰名词countries，故填(d)ifferent。
V. Translation: 10% (3'+3'+4‘)
第 24 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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81. 在即将到来的2022年北京冬奥会之前，这位年轻的滑雪运动员就被期待争夺金牌了。(compete)
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】This young skiing athlete has been expected to compete for the gold medal before the incoming 2022
Beijing Winter Olympics.
【解析】
【详解】在……之前：before；即将到来的2022年北京冬奥会：the incoming 2022 Beijing Winter
Olympics；这位年轻的滑雪运动员：this young skiing athlete；被期待做某事：be expected to do sth.；争夺：
compete for sth.；金牌：the gold medal。结合语境可知，此句应用现在完成时，结构是have/has done；主语
“this young skiing athlete”是第三人称单数，助动词使用has；be的过去分词为been。故填This young skiing
athlete has been expected to compete for the gold medal before the incoming 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.
82. 自从有害的工业废物被倾倒到海洋之后，海洋生物便以惊人的速度死去。 (rate)
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Sea creatures have been dying at a shocking rate since harmful industrial wastes were dumped into the
sea.
【解析】
【详解】自从since，连词；有害的工业废物harmful industrial wastes，作从句的主语；被倾倒到海洋be
dumped into the sea，此处用被动语态，句子主语是复数名词，表示过去的动作，be动词用were，海洋生
物sea creatures，作主句主语；以惊人的速度死去be dying at a shocking rate，此处表示过去的动作延续到现
在并有可能继续下去，应用现在完成时，故填Sea creatures have been dying at a shocking rate since harmful
industrial wastes were dumped into the sea.
83. 近年来，很多问题都是由污染导致的。世界各国政府和环保组织都为此表示担忧。此外，他们都在努力
处理气候变化带来的持续影响。(concerned)
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Many problems are caused by pollution in the recent years. Governments around world and environmental
organizations are all concerned about this. In addition to this, they are all making efforts to deal with the continuous
effects that the climate change brought.
【解析】
【详解】根据题目可知，前两句应该使用一般现在时。第一句：in the recent years“近年来”；many
第 25 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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problems“很多问题”作主语，是名词复数；are caused by“被……引起”； pollution“污染”。第二句：
Governments around world“世界各国政府”； environmental organizations“环保组织”； are all concerned
about this“都为此感到担忧”。第三句使用现在进行时：in addition to this“此外”；主语是they，谓语动词
结构是are doing；make efforts to do“努力做……”；deal with“处理”；the continuous effects“持续影响”；
使用定语从句修饰effects，表达“气候变化带来的”，已经带来了影响，所以使用一般过去时，关系代词
使用that，the climate change“气候变化”，brought“带来”。故填Many problems are caused by pollution in
the recent years. Governments around world and environmental organizations are all concerned about this. In
addition to this, they are all making efforts to deal with the continuous effects that the climate change brought.
VI. Writing: 10%
84. Human beings have created so much, but often at the cost of nature. We only have one earth and the way
to live in harmony with it is to protect it. As teenagers, what can we do to help protect our planet earth? Please
write a passage between 80—120 words.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
As teenagers, what can we do to help protect our planet earth? Well, we can spread the message about protecting
the environment. We can go to school on foot or by bike instead of by car. Try to recycle boxes and plastic bottles.
Don’t waste water or electricity. We ought to turn off the lights when we leave our classrooms. We should reduce
the waste we produce. Also, we should care for flowers and trees and take an active part in planting trees. I believe
if everyone protects the environment, it will become better and better.
【解析】
【详解】[总体分析］
①题材：本文是一篇话题作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：按照题目要求以“what can we do to help protect our planet earth?”为主题进行英文写作，要有理有
据，适当添加细节，并突出写作重要。
[写作步骤］
第 26 页 共 27 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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第一步，表明写作意图。借用“作为一名青少年，我们能做什么来保护我们的地球”来引出重点介绍的内
容；
第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“传播信息、交通方式、回收、不浪费等”几个方面重点介绍；
第三步，书写结语。呼吁人们保护环境。
[亮点词汇］
①instead of而不是
②turn off 关闭
③care for关心
④better and better越来越好
[高分句型］
①We ought to turn off the lights when we leave our classrooms.（when引导的时间状语从句）
②I believe if everyone protects the environment, it will become better and better.（if引导的条件状语从句）
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