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上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
华东师范大学第二附属中学
2021-2022 学年第二学期 3 月份阶段检测试卷
高二英语
(考试时间：120分钟 卷面满分：140分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end
of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the
questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read
the four possible answers on your paper, and decide -which one is the best answer to the question
you have heard.
1.A. She doesn’t work hard in maths.
B. She is inferior to him in maths.
C. She didn’t do well in this test.
D. She is good at maths.
2.A. The library will be closed later this afternoon.
B. The computers in the library are not working.
C. The man needs his computer all afternoon.
D. The woman has lent her computer to somebody.
3.A. Going to the opera is time-consuming.
B. There is no time left to order opera tickets.
C. She would like to go with the man to the opera.
D. She will help the man pay for the opera tickets.
4.A. Worth the price. B. Expensive.
C. Mysterious. D. Good for health.
5.A. 11:00 a.m. B. 12:00 p.m. C.1:00 p.m. D. 3:00 p.m.
6.A. The woman should change her living arrangement.
B. The woman will have to call her roommate.
C. The woman should not spend so much time on the phone.
D. The woman does not clean her apartment often enough.
第 1 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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7. A. She also thinks the lecture was interesting.
B. She was too tired to enjoy the lecture.
C. She missed the lecture this morning.
D. She did not finish the reading before the lecture.
8. A. Her work experience.
B. The courses she has taken.
C. Her knowledge of the graduate school.
D. The description of her academic performance.
9. A. The woman does not like to drink coffee in the afternoon.
B. It was not the woman’s coat that the man spilled the coffee on.
C. The woman just had her coat cleaned.
D. The woman is not angry with the man.
10. A. She hopes to get into art school.
B. She is working as a commercial artist.
C. She has talents other than drawing.
D. She cannot decide upon a career.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you
will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read
twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four
possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have
heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11.A. What a country does to promote punctuality.
B. How business in Ecuador have been developing.
C. What people from different areas think of punctuality.
D. How Ecuador responds to Citizens’ Participation’s appeal.
12.A. It has caused many public events to be cancelled.
B. It is more common among government officials.
C. It is a tradition with a long history in Ecuador.
D. It has cost Ecuador much money every year.
第 2 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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13.A. They work hard to protest against it.
B. They are in favor of it.
C. They hold meetings to discuss it.
D. They wait and see what will happen.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14.A. Why women need more gossip than man.
B. How woman’s conversations are different from men’s.
C. What research finds about topics preferred by man and women.
D. Whether men can concentrate on one matter more easily than women.
15.A. Health, B. Politics. C. Education. D. Football.
16.A. Women usually stick to one subject while talking with each other.
B. Men are often good at dealing with several matters in a meeting.
C. Men’s talk tends to cover only a small range of subjects.
D. Women’s conversations are meant to exchange opinions.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the fallowing passage.
17. A. Her husband works there.
B. She can speak Arabic.
C. It is a beautiful city.
D. She needs a rest.
18. A. She has been traveling around the city.
B. She has been teaching children English.
C. She has been learning drawing and painting.
D. She has been looking for an Arabic teacher.
19. A. Grammar. B. Reading. C. Writing. D. Pronunciation.
20. A. She is generous and friendly.
B. She loves Arabic music.
C. She understands English culture.
D. She is good at dancing.
III. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and
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D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. When the boss complained about the slow progress of the project, she ________ to you personally, but to the
Department as a whole.
A. hasn’t referred B. wasn’t referring C. hadn’t referred D. wouldn’t refer
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：当老板抱怨项目进展缓慢时，她不是指你个人，而是指整个部门。时间状语从
句的时态是一般过去时，根据时态一致原则，主句的基本时态也应该是过去时。A项是现在完成时；B项
是过去进行时；C项是过去完成时；D项是过去将来时。通过分析得知，“refer”和“complained”应该
是同时发生的，所以本句为过去进行时。故选B项。
2. Hopefully in 2030 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we ________ communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：希望在2030年，我们将不再互相发送电子邮件，因为到那时我们将开发
出通信工具。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语by then可知，应使用完成时态，结合
句意可知，then指的是2023年，为将来的时间，截止到2023年，该动作已经发生，所以应使用将来完成
时态。故选C项。
3. He’s been informed that he ________ for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified
C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：他被告知，由于他的学术背景，他没有资格获得奖学金。
根据“has been informed”及句意可知，排除B项和D项；“没有资格”属于客观事实，所以应用一般现在
时。故选C项。
4. Lynn ________ Florence by plane which ________ at 8:30 next morning.
A. is leaving for; will leave B. is leaving for; leaves
C. will leave for; will leave D. leaves for; leaves
【答案】B
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【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：林恩要乘飞机去佛罗伦萨，飞机明天早上八点半起飞。根据句意可知，第
一空表示即将乘坐飞机前往佛罗伦萨，leave为位移动词，可用现在进行时表将来；第二空表示飞机第二天
早上八点半起飞，属于按照时刻表发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来。故选B项。
5. I was sent to the work site last month to see how the development plan ______ in the past two years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out D. have been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：上个月我被派往工地，去看看过去两年的发展计划是如何执行的。本句
话是how引导的宾语从句，从句的主语是 the development plan，谓语动词是carry out，根据时间状语in
the past two years以及前文的过去时was sent，可知此处表示过去的过去，需要用过去完成时态，主谓之间
是被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态，故选A项。
6. The publication of Great Expectations, which ______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened
Dickens’s status as a leading novelist.
A. have been B. were C. was D. will be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：《远大前程》的出版，得到了广泛的评论和高度的赞扬，加强了狄
更斯作为主要小说家的地位。A. have been现在完成时；B. were一般过去时；C. was一般过去时；D. will
be一般将来时。分析句子，非限制性定语从句引导词which指代先行词 publication，所以谓语是单数；根
据句意，叙述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。故选C。
7. The producers of the talk show denied that the joke was too offensive, insisting that they merely ________ to add
a slight touch of humor.
A. were meant B. had meant
C. have meant D. had been meant
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：脱口秀的制片人否认这个玩笑太令人不适，坚持说他们原本只是打算增加
一点幽默。had meant to do,意思是“过去原本打算做而实际上没做”。结合语境，脱口秀是过去的事情，制
片人的打算也是过去的语境中发生的，再结合语义,表示“制片人过去原本打算”，故选B。
第 5 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
jiajiao6767 )
8. By hiring regional musicians to play in common areas such as lobbies and waiting rooms, the Cen Stage Arts in
Health program ______ an environment of music all over campus for the past five years.
A. is creating B. was about to create
C. has been creating D. will be creating
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年里，the Cen Stage Arts in Health这个项目通过聘请地区音乐
家在大厅和候诊室等公共区域演出，在校园内创造了一个音乐环境。根据时间状语“for the past five
years”可知，句子需要使用完成时。根据句意可知，这个项目在过去的五年时间内一直给校内创造音乐环
境，并将继续持续下去。所以表示发生在过去，一直持续到现在并且将继续下去，应该用现在完成进行
时。故选C项。
9. The country ________ its borders when a wave of refugees ________ in, which put a severe strain on its social
welfare system.
A. scarcely opened; flooded
B. had scarcely opened; had flooded
C. scarcely opened; had flooded
D. had scarcely opened; flooded
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和动词时态。句意：该国刚刚开放边界，难民潮就涌入，给该国的社会福利制度带
来严重压力。分析句子可知，此处是scarcely…when…引导的时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，该句
式结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。故选D项。
10. By next year, dry waste burning and wet waste treatment rates in Shanghai ______ to reach 27,800 tons a day,
around 80% of the city’s total garbage.
A. are expected B. will have been expected
C. have expected D. are expecting
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：到明年，上海的干垃圾焚烧和湿垃圾处理率预计将达每天27800
吨，约占该市垃圾总量的80%。固定短语be expected to do表示“预计/有望……”，此处表示一种客观的预
测，用一般现在时，故选A。
第 6 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.
For the blanks ‘with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use
one word that best fits each blank.
On January 10, Uganda reopened schools after the longest closure in the world____11____ the coronavirus
pandemic. For most students, it was their first time back in the classroom in nearly two years.
When the buildings first shuttered, the Ministry ofEducation broadcast lessons on TV and radio stations, and
some schools handed out printed materials. But this did not last for lack of funding. So the ____12____ (estimate)
15 million children affected by this closure put their studies on hold.
Uganda’s National Planning Authority in August 2021 projected that 4.5 million of them will likely not return
to school. The reasons for the dropouts are manifold. The teen pregnancy rate rose significantly. And many poor
children in urban and rural areas____13____ (force) to start working to help support their families.，“They turned
children into laborers and that was a loss, especially for a family that has relied for almost two years on child labor,”
says Munir Safieldin, the UNICEF Uganda representative.
Plus, in an economy pinched by the pandemic, many families cannot currently afford the fees, ____14____ start
at about $135 per term for high school, and other costs (including academic materials and uniforms).
Children who are able to return school have been promoted one grade level, a decision made by the Ministry of
Education to guarantee spots for newly ____15____ (enter) students. But many families and experts are concerned.
Mary Goretti Nakabugo, the executive director of Uwezo Uganda, a nonprofit organization working____16____
(promote) equitable quality education, argues that even before the closure, many of Uganda’s younger students had
not yet acquired basic fundamentals, such as reading and understanding a text. “This is the time for us to rethink our
curriculum, our teaching and learning, ____17____students who are unprepared for classes will only end up even
____18____ (far) behind.”
Kusemererwa Jonathan Henry, a teenager living in Kamwokya, one of the largest slums in the capital of
Kampala, had just started high school and made new friends ____19____ the lockdown started. “We were used to
the short school breaks but this was too long. At first, all I would do is sit at home and sleep;, he says. Fortunately,
his dad’s financial help combined with his personal savings allowed Jonathan to open a fruit and vegetable
stall. ”Before the lockdown, I never knew how to fend for ____20____ , but now I don’t even need to ask for money
to buy clothes.“ Still, Jonathan longed to get back to class. ”The day a date was announced for us to resume school,
I washed my uniforms, bags and polished my shoes, that’s how excited I was to get back.”
【答案】11. due to##owing to##because of
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12. estimated
13. were forced
14. which 15. entering
16. to promote
17. because
18. farther##further
19. when 20. myself
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲乌干达在世界上关闭时间最长的学校后重新开放学校。
【11题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：1月10日，乌干达因新冠病毒大流行，在世界上关闭时间最长的学校后重新开放学
校。分析句子可知，此空应填介词，再根据句意可知，这里应表示“由于”新冠病毒而关闭。故填due
to/owing to/because of。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：因此，估计有1500万儿童因关闭而受到影响，他们的研究被搁置。分析句子可知，
此空应填分词作定语，修饰后面名词，且15 million children和estimate为被动关系，所以这里应填过去分
词。故填estimated。
【13题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：城市和农村地区的许多贫困儿童被迫开始工作以帮助养家糊口。分析句子可知，这
里应填谓语动词，且many poor children和force为被动关系，且这里时态应用一般过去时。故填were
forced。
【14题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：此外，在受疫情影响的经济中，许多家庭目前无法负担高中每学期约135美元的学
费以及其他费用（包括学习材料和校服）。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为 fees，
在从句中作主语。故填which。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：有能力返校的儿童已被提升一个年级，这是教育部为保证新入学学生入学而做出的决
定。分析句子可知，这里考查分词作定语修饰后面名词，且students和enter为主动关系，所以这里应用现
在分词。故填entering。
【16题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：乌干达Uwezo（一个致力于（促进）公平优质教育的非营利组织）的执行董事玛
第 8 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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丽·戈雷蒂·纳卡布戈（Mary Goretti Nakabugo）认为，即使在关闭之前，乌干达的许多年轻学生还没有获得
基本的基础知识，如阅读和理解文本。分析句子可知，此空考查非谓语，再根据句意可知，这里应用不定
式作目的状语。故填to promote。
【17题详解】
考查连词。句意：现在是我们重新思考课程、教学和学习的时候了，因为没有做好上课准备的学生最终只
会落后得更远。根据句意可知，前后两句为因果关系，所以这里应用because引导原因状语从句。故填
because。
【18题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：现在是我们重新思考课程、教学和学习的时候了，因为没有做好上课准备的学生
最终只会落后得更远。分析句子可知，even后应用形容词或者副词比较级，所以这里应填farther或
further，为副词比较级。故填farther/further。
【19题详解】
考查连词。句意：库塞默尔瓦·乔纳森·亨利（Kusemerwa Jonathan Henry）是一名住在坎沃基亚
（Kamwokya）的青少年，坎沃基雅是坎帕拉首都最大的贫民窟之一。封锁开始时，他刚上高中，交了新
朋友。根据句意可知，这里考查时间状语从句，应用连词when引导。故填when。
【20题详解】
考查代词。句意：在封锁之前，我从不知道如何照顾自己，但现在我甚至不需要要钱买衣服。由句意可
知，这里指照顾自己，所以此空应用反身代词myself。故填myself。
Section C
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word used only once. Note that there is
one word more than you need.
A. implications B. piece C. survival D. revolution E. varying
F. climatic G. stretching H. delicately I. migrate J. merely K. shifts
Climate Change
When global warming finally came, it came aggressively. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in
less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 40 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to
_____21_____inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted greatly in North America, Europe
and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old
way of life for a new_____22_____strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease.
As environmentalists meet in Rio de Janeiro this week to think carefully about the global climate of the future,
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earth scientists are in the middle of a(n) _____23_____in understanding how climate has changed in the past and
how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to _____24_____together an
inspiring picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces to change the planet’s environment from hot to
cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period _____25_____back hundreds of millions of years.
Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the _____26_____ changes have had a major impact
on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate _____27_____ played a key role in
nearly every significant turning point in human evolution. Indeed, the human history has not been _____28_____
touched by global climate change. Some scientists argue it has in some instances been driven by it.
The new research has far-reaching _____29_____ for the environment summit in Rio. Among other things, the
findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The pleasant global environment
that has existed over the past 10,000 years is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely
_____30_____climate over the ages. In feet, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth’s climate will
almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future even without the influence of human activity.
【答案】21. I 22. C
23. D 24. B
25. G 26. F
27. K 28. J
29. A 30. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化给地球和人类带来的影响以及科学家们对这些问题的研
究。
【21题详解】
考查动词。句意： 海平面上升了近40英尺，淹没了沿海定居点，迫使人们向内陆迁移。根据句意和空格
前的不定式符号to可知，空格处应该填入一个动词原形，且意义为“迁移” ，migrate（迁移）是动词，
符号题意。故选I项。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：在把周围的许多动物逼到濒临灭绝之后，人们被迫放弃了旧的生活方式，转而采用新的
生存策略，这导致了广泛的饥饿和疾病。根据句意和空格前的“abandon their old way of life”以及空格后
的名词strategy分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作定语，且意义为“生存”，survival（生存）是名
词，符合题意。故选C项。
【23题详解】
第 10 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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考查名词。句意：本周，环保人士齐聚里约热内卢，仔细思考未来的全球气候，而地球科学家们正在进行
一场革命，了解过去气候是如何变化的，以及这些变化是如何改变人类生存的。根据句意和空格前的不定
冠词a可知，空格处应该填入一个单数可数名词，且意义为“革命”，revolution（革命）是名词，符合题
意。故填D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词。句意：研究人员已经开始拼凑出一幅鼓舞人心的画面，显示出在数亿年的时间里，强大的地质
和天文力量改变了地球的环境，从热到冷，从湿到干，然后再变回来。 根据句意和空格前的不定式符号
to以及空格后的together可知，空格处应该填入一个动词原形和后面的together构成短语，piece是动词，
piece together意义为“拼凑，拼合”。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：研究人员已经开始拼凑出一幅鼓舞人心的画面，显示出在数亿年的时间里，强大的
地质和天文力量改变了地球的环境，从热到冷，从湿到干，然后再变回来。 根据句意和空格前的名词
period分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个词作定语，修饰前面的period，和后面的back构成短语，且意
义为“追溯到”，stretching是现在分词，可以作定语，stretch back意义为“追溯到”，符合题意。故选G
项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最重要的是，科学家们开始意识到气候变化已经对人类物种的进化产生了重大影响。
根据句意和空格后的名词changes可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语，且意义为“气候的”，
climatic（气候的）是形容词，符合题意。故选F项。
【27题详解】
考查名词。句意：新的研究表明，气候变化在人类进化的几乎每一个重大转折点上都发挥了关键作用。根
据句意分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作主语，且意义为“改变”，shifts（改变）是名词，符合
题意。故选K项。
【28题详解】
考查副词。句意：事实上，人类历史不仅仅受到全球气候变化的影响。根据句意和空格后的touched分析
句子可知，空格处应该填入一个副词作状语，修饰后面的touched，且意义为“仅仅”，merely（仅仅）是
副词，符合题意。故选J项。
【29题详解】
考查名词。句意：这项新研究对里约热内卢的环境峰会有着深远的影响。根据句意和空格前的形容词far-
reaching分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个名词，且意义为“影响”，implications（可能的影响）是名
词。故选A项。
第 11 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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【30题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：在过去的一万年里，宜人的全球环境仅仅是一个亮点，而这一更大的气候模式在各
个时代都有很大的变化。 根据句意和空格前的widely以及空格后的名词climate分析句子可知，空格处应
该填入一个词作定语，修饰后面的climate，且意义为“变化”，varying（变化）是现在分词，可以作定
语，符合题意。故选E项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,
B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
What’s the purpose of philosophy? Alfred North Whitehead characterized it as a series of footnotes to Plato. On
the surface, we don’t seem to have _____31_____much in the two and a half millennia since Plato wrote his dialogues.
Today’s philosophers still struggle with many of the same issues that exercised the Greeks.
Compared with philosophy, science has been one long_____32_____story since it took its modem form in the
17th century. It has uncovered the workings of nature and brought untold benefits to humanity.
_____33_____, not all philosophers are troubled by this contrast. For some, the worth of philosophy lies in the
process, not the product. According to Socrates’ statement—“The unexamined life is not worth living?”—they hold
that _____34_____ on the human statement is valuable in itself. Others take their lead from Marx—“The philosophers
have only interpreted the world—and view philosophy as an engine of political change, whose purpose is not to
reflect reality, but to change it. Even so, the majority of contemporary philosophers probably still think of philosophy
as a route to the _____35_____.
According to the “spin-off” theory of philosophical progress, all new sciences_____36_____ as branches of
philosophy, and only become established as separate disciplines once philosophy has granted them the essential
intellectual means to survive on their own. Then, it is _____37_____ to suppose the lack of progress in philosophy.
Whenever philosophy does make progress, it creates a new subject, which then no longer counts as part of philosophy.
That’s _____38_____ its progress is masked by the constant renaming of its intellectual fruits.
Philosophy hasn’t left everything to other university departments, and still _____39_____ plenty of its own
questions to exercise its own students. The _____40_____is that it doesn’t seem to have any definite answers. When
it comes to topics like morality, knowledge, free will, consciousness and so on, the lecturers still _____41_____a
range of options that have been around for a long time.
No doubt some of the_____42_____ between philosophy and science result from the different methods of
investigation that they employ. Where philosophy relies on analysis and argument, science is devoted to data. It is
第 12 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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_____43_____doubted that philosophers disagree more than scientists. But arguments have loopholes(漏洞).So
there is always plenty of room for philosophers to take issue with each other, where scientists by contrast have
to_____44_____what they are told.
Perhaps there is more progress in philosophy than at first appears, even apart from the spin-off disciplines.
Judging from its appearances, it may look as if nothing is ever settled. But behind them, philosophy is by no means
incapable of _____45_____.
31. A. progressed B. possessed C. addressed D. oppressed
32. A. horror B. life C. case D. success
33. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Moreover
34. A. reflection B. basis C. reliance D. evaluation
35. A. equality B. truth C. destination D. peace
36. A. serve B. struggle C. start D. develop
37. A. natural B. possible C. difficult D. wrong
38. A. how B. when C. why D. where
39. A. reserves B. explains C. analyzes D. comprehends
40. A. solution B. difference C. trouble D. impression
41. A. debate B. explore C. preserve D. pursue
42. A. agreements B. distinctions C. options D. relations
43. A. generally B. frankly C. privately D. scarcely
44. A. establish B. check C. accept D. present
45. A. suffering B. peaking C. advancing D. signaling
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. C 39. A 40. C
41. A 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学的目的、意义、所取得的进步以及与科学的对比及相关话
题。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：表面上看，自柏拉图写对话录以来的2500年里，我们似乎并没有太大的进
步。A. progressed 进步；B. possessed 拥有；C. addressed 演说、处理；D. oppressed 欺压、压迫。根据下
一句“Today’s philosophers still struggle with many of the same issues that exercised the Greeks.”（今天的哲学
家们仍然在为许多同样困扰着希腊人的问题而奋斗。）可知，今天的哲学好像没有取得很大的进步。故选
第 13 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与哲学相比，科学自17世纪以现代形式出现以来，一直是一个漫长的成功故
事。A. horror 恐惧；B. life 生活；C. case 案件、病例；D. success 成功。根据下一句“It has uncovered
the workings of nature and brought untold benefits to humanity.”（它揭示了自然的运作方式，给人类带来了无
数的好处。）可知，与哲学似乎没有取得太大进步相比，科学应该是比较成功的。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，并非所有哲学家都为这种对比所困扰。A. Therefore 所以；B. Otherwise
否则；C. However 然而；D. Moreover 而且。根据第1小题“On the surface, we don’t seem to have
progressed much in the two and a half millennia since Plato wrote his dialogues.”和第2小题“Compared with
philosophy, science has been one long success story since it took its modem form in the 17th century.”可知，哲
学似乎没有取得太大进步，而科学相对比较成功，因此应该会有一些哲学家为此困扰，但是根据本句句
意，并非所有的哲学家都为此困扰，故应为转折关系。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：苏格拉底说过:“浑浑噩噩的生活不值得过?”他们认为人的陈述的反思本身就
是有价值的。A. reflection 反射、反思、反映；C. basis 基础；D. reliance 依靠；D. evaluation 评估。根据
上一句“For some, the worth of philosophy lies in the process, not the product. ”（对一些人来说，哲学的价值
在于过程，而不是结果。）可知，以苏格拉底的陈述为例，他们认为对他陈述的反思过程比结果更有意
义。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：即便如此，大多数当代哲学家可能仍然认为哲学是通往真理的一条道路。A.
equality 平等；B. truth 真理；C. destination 目的地；D. peace 和平。根据上一句“Others take their lead
from Marx—“The philosophers have only interpreted the world—and view philosophy as an engine of political
change, whose purpose is not to reflect reality, but to change it.”（其他人则以马克思为榜样:“哲学家们只是解
释了世界，并将哲学视为政治变革的引擎，其目的不是反映现实，而是改变现实。”）可知，有些哲学家
认为哲学不是为了反映现实和真理，结合本句的“Ever so”可知，大部分的哲学家还是认为哲学是反映现
实和真理的。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据哲学进步的“衍生”理论，所有新的科学都是从哲学的分支开始的，只有
在哲学赋予它们独立生存的基本知识手段之后，它们才能成为独立的学科。A. serve 服务；B. struggle 奋
斗、斗争；C. start 开始；D. develop 发展。根据本句句意及“衍生”理论可知，新科学都是由哲学的分支
第 14 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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开始逐步变成独立的学科的。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，认为哲学缺乏进步是错误的。A. natual 自然的；B. possible 可能的；
C. difficult 困难的；D. wrong 错误的。根据第6小题“According to the “spin-off” theory of philosophical
progress, all new sciences start as branches of philosophy, and only become established as separate disciplines once
philosophy has granted them the essential intellectual means to survive on their own. ”可知，所有的新科学都是
由哲学的分支开始，逐步成长为独立的学科的，说明它实际上是进步的，故认为哲学缺乏进步是错误的。
故选D。
【38题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么它的进步被不断更名的知识成果所掩盖。A. how 怎样；B.
when 什么时候；C. why 为什么；D. where 在哪里。根据上一句“Whenever philosophy does make
progress, it creates a new subject, which then no longer counts as part of philosophy. ”（每当哲学有了进步，它
就创造了一个新的学科，这个学科就不再是哲学的一部分了。）可知，这是它的进步被掩盖的原因。故选
C。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：哲学并没有把一切都留给其他大学院系，它仍然保留了大量自己的问题来锻炼
自己的学生。A. reserves 保留、预订；B. explains 解释；C. analyzes 分析；D. comprehends 理解。根据本
“Philosophy hasn’t left everything to other university departments”，哲学没有把一切都留给其他大学院系，说
明它保留了一些问题来锻炼自己的学生。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是它似乎没有任何明确的答案。A. solution 解决办法；B. difference 区
别；C. trouble 问题、麻烦；D. impression 印象。根据第9小题“Philosophy hasn’t left everything to other
university departments, and still reserves plenty of its own questions to exercise its own students. ”可知，哲学保
留了一些问题来锻炼自己的学生，但是根据本句句意可知，这些问题似乎没有明确的答案，因此这对于学
生来说是一个麻烦和问题。故选C。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当涉及到道德、知识、自由意志、意识等话题时，讲师们仍然在讨论一系列已
经存在很长时间的选项。A. debate 辩论、讨论；B. explore 探索；C. preserve 保护；D. pursue 追求。根
据第10小题“The trouble is that it doesn’t seem to have any definite answers.”可知，哲学留给学生们锻炼的
问题都没有明确答案，所以讲师们需要进行讨论，来确定选项。故选A。
【42题详解】
第 15 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，哲学和科学之间的一些区别是由于它们采用不同的研究方法造成
的。A. agreements 协议；B. distincitions 区别、差异；C. options 选择、选项；D. relations 关系、联系。
根据本句句意并结合常识可知，哲学和科学所采用的的研究方法是不同的，因而二者之间也是不同的；结
合第2小题“Compared with philosophy, science has been one long success story since it took its modem form in
the 17th century. ”也可获知，哲学和科学之间是有差别的。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：哲学家的意见分歧比科学家多，这是毫无疑问的。A. generallly 通常、一般；
B. frankly 坦白地、直率地；C. privately 私下地；D. scarcely 几乎不。根据上一句“Where philosophy
relies on analysis and argument, science is devoted to data”（哲学依赖于分析和论证，而科学则致力于数据）
和下一句“But arguments have loopholes(漏洞).”（但是争论是有漏洞的。）可知，哲学家和科学家之间一定
是有意见分歧的，并且因各自依赖的依据不同，哲学家的意见分歧一定会比科学家更多，这一点几乎不容
怀疑。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，哲学家们总是有足够的空间互相争论，而相比之下，科学家们不得不接
受别人告诉他们的东西。A. establish 建立；B. check 检查；C. accept 接受；D. present 呈现。根据前文的
“Where philosophy relies on analysis and argument, science is devoted to data.”（哲学依赖于分析和论证，而
科学则致力于数据）可知，科学家是以数据为依据的，所以没有太多的争论空间，科学家们不得不接受别
人告诉他们的东西。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在这些问题背后，哲学并非没有进步的能力。A. suffering 遭受；B. peaking
达到高峰；C. advancing 进步、前进；D. signaling 发信号、示意。根据第7小题“Then, it is wrong to
suppose the lack of progress in philosophy.”和最后一段“Perhaps there is more progress in philosophy than at
first appears, even apart from the spin-off disciplines. ”（也许哲学的进步比乍看起来要多，甚至撇开衍生理
论不谈。）可知，哲学实际上是有进步的能力的。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose
the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you can
boss around your appliances. Children are likely to grow up thinking everything is alive, or at least interactive. One
第 16 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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app developer told The Washington that his son started talking to cup mats. But even without chatty devices, research
suggests that under certain circumstances, people personify everyday products.
Sometimes we see things as human because we’re lonely. In one experiment, people who reported feeling
isolated were more likely than others to attribute free will and consciousness to various devices. In turn, feeling being
related to objects can reduce loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they’d been excluded socially,
they made it up by exaggerating their number of friends on social media - unless they were first given tasks that
caused them to interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. The phone apparently stood in for real friends.
At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four
respondents shouted at their computer and the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely they were
to report that it had “its own beliefs and desires”.
When we personify products, they become harder to cast off. After being asked to evaluate their car’s personality,
people were less likely to say they intended to replace it soon. And personifying objects is associated with a tendency
to hoard.
So how do people assign characteristics to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are
associated with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant
looking than narrow-faced ones and preferred them. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars with grilles
that were upturned like smiles and headlights like narrowed eyes sold best. The purchasers saw these features as
increasing a car’s friendliness and aggressiveness, respectively.
It’s little wonder so many companies use mascots to bring brands to life. A classification of 1,151 brand
characters found symbols that were human or humanlike to be widespread: People were most popular, accounting
for 21 percent of mascots, followed by birds, domesticated animals, wild animals, and various plants.
Personifying products and brands can backfire, however. When a coffee maker was personified in an ad (“I am
Aroma” versus just “Aroma”), men, but not women, felt betrayed by increases in its price. Now that speech- enabled
coffee makers are on the market, maybe the machines can sweet-talk their way back into men’s hearts.
46. Why would the son of an app developer in Paragraph 1 try to talk to cup mats?
A. Because he recognizes everything as being interactive.
B. Because he believes the cup mats have talked to him,
C. Because he wants to repeat the experience with Alexa.
D. Because he has strong interests in making conversation.
47. People are most likely to personify things when______.
A. they lack real life friends and are not able to make any
第 17 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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B. they find it hard to understand other people around them
C. they feel lonely and are aware of a desire for interaction
D. they become extremely angry with a certain product
48. Which of the following is true regarding the result of personifying products?
A. Dominant-looking cars sell best because we find them friendlier.
B. We find it harder to get rid of the things that we once personified.
C. Products with certain features are more likely to be personified.
D. We prefer good-looking products and are more likely to buy them.
49. Which of the following can probably make the most popular brand mascot according to the passage?
A. A good-looking dog.
B. Sunflowers.
C. Hello Kitty,
D. Super Mario Brothers.
【答案】46. A 47. C 48. B 49. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了我们为什么会对一些物品人格化以及商家对这一现象的运用。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Children are likely to grow up thinking everything is alive, or at least
interactive. One app developer told The Washington that his son started talking to cup mats.（孩子们在成长过程
中很可能认为一切都是有生命的，或者至少是互动的。 一名应用程序开发人员告诉《华盛顿邮报》，他的
儿子开始和杯子垫说话）”可知，应用程序开发人员的儿子会试图和杯垫说话是因为他认为杯垫可以和他
互动。故选A项。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Sometimes we see things as human because we’re lonely. In one experiment,
people who reported feeling isolated were more likely than others to attribute free will and consciousness to various
devices. In turn, feeling being related to objects can reduce loneliness.（有时候我们像人一样看待物品是因为我
们孤独。在一项实验中，报告感到孤立的人比其他人更有可能将自由意志和意识归因于各种设备。反过
来，与物体相关联的感觉可以减少孤独感）”可知，当人们感到孤独并渴望互动的时候，人们更可能将物
品人格化。故选C项。
【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“When we personify products, they become harder to cast off. After being
第 18 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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asked to evaluate their car’s personality, people were less likely to say they intended to replace it soon. （当我们
将产品拟人化时，它们就更难摆脱。在被要求评估他们的汽车的个性后，人们不太可能说他们打算很快更
换它）”可知，我们发现很难摆脱我们曾经拟人化的东西。故选B项。
【49题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的句子“A classification of 1,151 brand characters found symbols that were
human or humanlike to be widespread: People were most popular, accounting for 21 percent of mascots, followed
by birds, domesticated animals, wild animals, and various plants.（对1151个品牌形象进行分类后发现，人类
的或类人的标志普遍存在：最受欢迎的是人，占吉祥物的21%，其次是鸟类、家养动物、野生动物和各种
植物）”可推知，最受欢迎的品牌吉祥物应该是Super Mario Brothers。故选D项。
(B)
The El Maestrazgo mountain region of Aragon is one of Spain’s most under-populated areas. There, in the tiny
village of Aguaviva, Marcelo Martinez and Gilda Mazzeo, 35-year-old transplants from Buenos Aires, have been
learning to embrace their adopted home. “It’s not as isolated as it looks,” says Martinez, pointing out that the nearest
town is “only” 30 minutes away. Mazzeo less convinced, but even she is filled with emotion as she recalls how kindly
her children were treated when the family first arrived. “They gave us food, clothes, bicycles, everything.”
For the past two years, Aguaviva has been the center of a little-known plan to repopulate Spain’s remote villages
with families from Latin America. Settlers are attracted with prepaid flights, jobs, and housing — a ticket out of the
poverty that has spread much of their continent. Luis Bricio, Aguaviva’s mayor and founder of the Association of
Spanish Towns Against Depopulation, describes his venture as an effort to save places that would otherwise
“disappear.” Since the 1950s, reducing birthrates and migration to cities have left Spain with more than 2,000 ghost
towns. Many more villages are populated only by handfuls of people in their 80s.
Enter Argentina, a country struggling with an unemployment rate of 12%. In opinion polls, one-third of its
citizens have said they would leave if they could. Already, experts estimate, as many as 15,000 Argentines have
moved to Spain in the past year, nearly doubling the number already there. Just last week, Spain changed its laws to
allow mothers — not just fathers — to pass on nationality, doubling the number eligible (有资格的) to become
Spanish citizens to more than 720,000. In Teruel province, where Aguaviva lies, the population is now around 40%
of what it was in 1900. “There were only two ways to change the situation,” says Bricio. “Either force people to have
more babies or bring in young people from outside. We thought Latin Americans would integrate rapidly. They had
the language, the common history.” Bricio placed a classified advertisement in an Argentine paper and made an
announcement on a Buenos Aires radio station, targeting couples under 40 with at least two children. By the time he
arrived to give his presentation, there were already 6,000 people waiting to talk to him. “Argentina, there was very
第 19 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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little chance of work.” says Silvia Hernandez, 33, who recently moved to Teruel with her family. “The life our
children have here, they could never have had in Argentina.”
Bricio’s association has now placed 106 adults and 142 children in Spanish villages — 112 of them in Aguaviva.
Two years ago, the province was so desperate that it staged a protest in Madrid under the slogan “Does Exist”. More
recently, a national paper ran a happier headline: “First baby born in Teruel village in 30 years.”
50. When Marcelo Martinez and Gilda Mazzeo moved to Aguaviva, they ________.
A. felt disappointed with what they saw B. lived in a town 30 minutes away
C. received help from locals D. failed to find any job
51. The little-known plan (in paragraph 2) was intended to________.
A. have more people to live in some almost deserted towns
B. find out why there are so many ghost towns in Spain
C. calculate how many places are disappearing
D. prevent townspeople migrating to cities
52. What can be learned from the passage about Argentina and Spain?
A. Both of their populations are increasing.
B. Their citizens can communicate in Spanish.
C. They are both struggling for more employment.
D. Neither of them appeal to other Latin Americans.
53. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. The Land of Opportunity
B. New Life, New Challenge
C. Teruel Suffered in the Last 30 Years
D. Luis Bricio, an Adventurer in Foreign Affairs
【答案】50. C 51. A 52. B 53. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西班牙的“移民计划”——将拉丁美洲的家庭吸引到西班牙几乎
无人居住的偏远村庄。由于西班牙能提供更多的工作机会和更好的生活，这一计划受到人们的欢迎。
【50题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Mazzeo less convinced, but even she is filled with emotion as she recalls how kindly
her children were treated when the family first arrived. ‘They gave us food, clothes, bicycles, everything.’(Mazzeo
不太相信，但当她回忆起一家人刚来的时候，她的孩子们受到了多么友好的对待时，她也是充满了感情。“他
第 20 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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们给我们食物、衣服、自行车，什么都给。”)”可知，当马塞洛·马丁内斯和吉尔达·马泽奥搬到阿瓜维
瓦时，他们得到当地人的帮助。故选C项。
【51题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“For the past two years, Aguaviva has been the center of a little-known plan to
repopulate Spain’s remote villages with families from Latin America.(在过去的两年里，阿瓜维瓦一直是一个鲜
为人知的计划的中心，该计划旨在让来自拉丁美洲的家庭重新定居在西班牙的偏远村庄)”和“Luis Bricio,
Aguaviva’s mayor and founder of the Association of Spanish Towns Against Depopulation, describes his venture as
an effort to save places that would otherwise ‘disappear.’ Since the 1950s, reducing birthrates and migration to cities
have left Spain with more than 2,000 ghost towns. Many more villages are populated only by handfuls of people in
their 80s.(阿瓜维瓦市长、西班牙城镇反对人口减少协会的创始人路易斯·布里西奥称，他的冒险行动是为了
拯救那些否则将“消失”的地方。自20世纪50年代以来，出生率下降和向城市移民使西班牙出现2000多
个鬼城。在更多的村庄里，只有少数80多岁的老人)”可知，这个“鲜为人知的计划”是让来更多的人移居
西班牙偏远且几乎无人居住的村镇。故选A项。
【52题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘Either force people to have more babies or bring in young people from outside. We
thought Latin Americans would integrate rapidly. They had the language, the common history.’ Bricio placed a
classified advertisement in an Argentine paper and made an announcement on a Buenos Aires radio station, targeting
couples under 40 with at least two children.(“要么强迫人们多生孩子，要么从外面引进年轻人。我们认为拉丁
美洲会迅速融入。他们有共同的语言，共同的历史。”布里西奥在阿根廷的一家报纸上刊登了分类广告，
并在布宜诺斯艾利斯的一家广播电台发布了公告，目标是40岁以下、至少有两个孩子的夫妇)”可知，阿根
廷和西班牙有共同的语言和共同的历史，所以两国的公民可以用西班牙语交流。故选B项。
【53题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段中“For the past two years, Aguaviva has been the center of a little-known
plan to repopulate Spain’s remote villages with families from Latin America.(在过去的两年里，阿瓜维瓦一直是
一个鲜为人知的计划的中心，该计划旨在让来自拉丁美洲的家庭重新定居在西班牙的偏远村庄)”、第三段中
“Enter Argentina, a country struggling with an unemployment rate of 12%. In opinion polls, one-third of its citizens
have said they would leave if they could. Already, experts estimate, as many as 15,000 Argentines have moved to
Spain in the past year, nearly doubling the number already there.(阿根廷的失业率高达12%。在民意调查中，三
分之一的公民表示，如果可以的话，他们会离开。专家估计，在过去一年里，已经有多达1.5万名阿根廷人
移居西班牙，几乎是已经移居西班牙人数的两倍)”和“‘Argentina, there was very little chance of work.’ says
Silvia Hernandez, 33, who recently moved to Teruel with her family. ‘The life our children have here, they could
第 21 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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never have had in Argentina.’(“在阿根廷，几乎没有工作的机会。”33岁的西尔维亚·埃尔南德斯说，她最
近和家人一起搬到了特鲁埃尔。“我们的孩子在这里的生活，他们在阿根廷永远无法拥有。”)”可知，本
文主要介绍了西班牙的“移民计划”——将拉丁美洲的家庭吸引到西班牙几乎无人居住的偏远村庄。由于
西班牙能提供更多的工作机会和更好的生活，对于拉丁美洲人而言，西班牙是“充满机遇的土地”。由此可
知，“The Land of Opportunity”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence
can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Pioneers of the Pacific
No one is sure how they did it or even why they did it, but over 3,000 years ago people sailed into the enormous
emptiness of the Pacific Ocean in simple canoes. Within a few centuries, these people now known as the Lapita—
had migrated from Papua New Guinea to the island of Tonga, at least 2,000 miles to the east. ______54______And
they discovered and then inhabited dozens of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes: Vanuatu, New
Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.
______55______Although their voyage began in the northern islands of Papua New Guinea, their language
came from Taiwan, and their style of pottery decoration probably had its roots in the northern Philippines. So who
were the Lapita? Did they come from a single point in Asia or from several different places?
Now, archaeologists Matthew Spriggs and Stuart Bedford of the Australian National University are working to
answer the questions. A Lapita cemetery on the island of fate in the Pacific nation of Vanuatu has revealed
information about Lapita customs, and DNA from the ancient bones may help to answer questions about the Lapita
people. “This represents the best opportunity we’ve had yet,” says Spriggs, to find out who the Lapita actually were,
where they came from, and who their closest descendants are today.”
______56______Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University, suggests that
El Nino, the same warming of ocean water that affects the Pacific today, may have helped. Climate data obtained
from slow-growing corals around the Pacific arid from lake-bed sediments in the Andes of Sou& America indicate a
series of unusually frequent El Nino around the time of the Lapita expansion. By reversing the regular east-to-west
flow of the trade winds for weeks at a time, these super El Nino might have carried the Lapita sailors on long,
unplanned voyages far over the horizon.
______57______Their descendants have inhabited the region for thousands of years, and why not? They’re
living in an island paradise that many of us only dream about.
第 22 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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A. However they arrived on the islands the Lapita came to stay.
,
B. But even if the archaeologists can answer these questions, we still won’t know how the Lapita sailed so far east
against the trade winds, which normally blow from east to west.
C. Archaeologists have long been wondering about the reason why the Lapita left their home for a brand-new
world.
D. They explored millions of square miles of the Pacific.
E. Therefore, the Lapita gave us some new perspective to understand the Pacific.
F. There is much we do not know about the Lapita.
【答案】54. D 55. F 56. B 57. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拉皮塔人作为探索太平洋的先驱，仍有许多未解之谜需要研究者去
做进一步探索。
【54题详解】
下文“And they discovered and then inhabited dozens of tropical islands never before seen by human eyes:
Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa.(并且他们发现了并在几十个人类从未见过的热带岛屿定居下来：瓦努
阿图、新克里多尼亚、斐济、萨摩亚)”说明拉皮塔人在太平洋上发现了很多新的岛屿，和D项“他们探
索了太平洋数百万平方英里的地方”构成内容上的承接关系，说明了拉皮塔人探索的结果。故选D项。
【55题详解】
下文“So who were the Lapita? Did they come from a single point in Asia or from several different places?(那么
谁是拉皮塔人呢？他们是来自于亚洲某个单独的地点，还是来自于几个不同的地方？)”这是研究者对于拉
皮塔人存在的疑问，是对F项“对于拉皮塔人，我们还有很多是未知的”的举例说明。故选F项。
【56题详解】
下文“Atholl Anderson, professor of prehistory at the Australian National University, suggests that El Nino, the
same warming of ocean water that affects the Pacific today, may have helped.(澳大利亚国立大学史前史教授阿索
尔·安德森认为尼尔诺现象，也就是今天影响太平洋的海水变暖，可能起到了帮助作用)”说明了尼尔诺现象
使海水变暖，和B项“长期以来,考古学家一直想知道拉皮塔人为了一个全新的世界离开家园的原因”构成
因果关系，是对拉皮塔人离开家园原因的解释说明。故选B项。
【57题详解】
下文“Their descendants have inhabited the region for thousands of years, and why not? They’re living in an
island paradise that many of us only dream about.(他们的后代已经在这个地区居住了几千年，而且为什么不
第 23 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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呢？他们生活在一个我们很多人只能梦想的岛屿天堂)”说明拉皮塔人这个区域定居了几千年，与A项
“不管他们怎样来到岛上拉皮塔人都住了下来”构成承接关系，是对拉皮塔人定居内容的顺承。故选A
项。
第 II 卷
I. Spelling
Directions: Write out the words according to the relevant definitions. The first letter is given to you.
58. r_____ (of rules, methods, etc,) very strict and difficult to change
59. c_____the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc.
60. g_____a person’s understanding of a subject or of difficult facts
61. i_____as is certain to happen
62. T_____closely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are thinking about
63. n_____ (of rivers, etc.) wide and deep enough for ships and boats to sail on
64. w_____a large area of land that has never been developed or used for growing crops because it is difficult to
live there
65. i_____the act of an army entering another country by force in order to take control of it
66. c_____n.大灾难
67. f_____adj.肥沃的
68. e_____- n.短途旅行
69. i_____adj.臭名昭著的
70. e_____n.流行病
71. a_____adv.匿名地;不具体地
【答案】58. rigid
59. curriculum
60. grasp 61. inevitably
62. relevant
63. navigable
64. wilderness
65. invasion
66. catastrophe
67. fertile
68. excursion
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69. infamous
70. epidemic
71. anonymously
【解析】
【58题详解】
根据英文释义“(of rules, methods, etc,) very strict and difficult to change(（指规则、方法等）非常严格，很难
改变)”和首字母提示可知，考查形容词rigid“严格死板的，僵化的”。故填rigid。
【59题详解】
根据英文释义“the subjects that are included in a course of study or taught in a school, college, etc.(学校、学院
等中所包含或教授的课程)”和首字母提示可知，考查名词course“课程。”故填course。
【60题详解】
根据英文释义“ person’s understanding of a subject or of difficult facts(一个人对一个主题或困难事实的理
解)”和首字母提示可知，考查名词grasp“理解，领悟。故填grasp。
【61题详解】
根据英文释义“as is certain to happen(肯定会发生的)”和首字母提示可知，考查副词inevitably“必然地”。
故填inevitably。
【62题详解】
根据英文释义“closely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are thinking about(与你
正在讨论的主题或你正在思考的情况密切相关)”和首字母提示可知，考查形容词relevant“相关的”。故填
relevant。
【63题详解】
根据英文释义“ (of rivers, etc.) wide and deep enough for ships and boats to sail on(（指河流等）宽而深，足
以供船只航行)”和首字母提示可知，考查形容词navigable“可航自行的”。故填navigable。
【64题详解】
根据英文义“a large area of land that has never been developed or used for growing crops because it is difficult to
live there(一大片从未被开发或用于种植作物的土地，因为在那里生活很困难)”和首字母提示可知，考查
名词wilderness“荒野”。故填wilderness。
【65题详解】
根据英文释义“the act of an army entering another country by force in order to take control of it（军队以武力进
入另一个国家以控制该国家的行为）”和首字母提示可知，考查名词invasion“入侵”。故填invasion。
【66题详解】
第 25 页 共 34 页上海最大家教平台---嘉惠家教 2万余上海老师任您选（在职老师、机构老师、985学霸大学生应有尽有 ，+V:
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根据汉语提示和首字母提示可知，考查名词catastrophe。故填catastrophe。
【67题详解】
根据汉语提示和首字母提示可知，考查形容词fertile。故填fertile。
【68题详解】
根据汉语提示和首字母提示可知，考查名词excursion。故填excursion。
【69题详解】
根据汉语提示和首字母提示可知，考查形容词infamous。故填infamous。
【70题详解】
根据汉语提示和首字母提示可知，考查名词epidemic。故填epidemic。
【71题详解】
根据汉语提示和首字母提示可知，考查副词anonymously。故填anonymously。
II. Recitation
Directions: Fill in each blank with a missing word according to the text.
The benefits of a degree are not obvious to people who live on this remote island. Families have
a______72______ lifestyle, hunting walruses, whales and other sea animals in the spring, and gathering berries in
the summer. The largest employer is the school system; ______73______, there are only a handful of jobs in fishing,
oil and the airlines that connect the island to the mainland. There isn’t much demand for anything else and more than
a quarter of adults are ______74______.
Today two villages remain with a population of just 1,400. People there are used to the
______75______landscape and climate—in the summer, fields of grassy frozen ground ______76______ from
snow-capped mountain ranges to the stony shorelines, but in the winter the sun disappears, there is a lot of snow, and
polar bears arrive on ice floes. Leaving the island is not an option, as a ticket on a bush plane costs $400, a week’s
earnings for many islanders. The sense of ______77______is strong. When a whale is killed, the houses and school
empty as everyone races to the beach to take a share of the meat.
【答案】72. subsistence
73. otherwise
74. unemployed
75. harsh 76. stretch
77. community
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在偏远岛屿上的人们的生活方式，学位对他们来说意义不大。
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【72题详解】
考查名词。句意：家家都过着自给自足的生活方式，春天狩猎海象、鲸鱼和其他海洋动物，夏天采集浆
果。根据空后的名词可知，此处应为定语，根据句意以及上下文语境可知，此处表示“自给自足”为
subsistence作定语，与句意吻合。故填subsistence。
【73题详解】
考查副词。句意：最大的雇主是学校系统；除此之外，在渔业、石油和连接岛屿和大陆的航空行业，工作
岗位屈指可数。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表示“不然，除此之外”
应为otherwise符合句意。故填otherwise。
【74题详解】
考查形容词。句意：对其他东西的需求不大，超过四分之一的成年人失业。分析句子结构可知，此处应为
形容词作表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“失业的”为unemployed符合句意。故填unemployed。
【75题详解】
考查形容词。句意：那里的人们已经习惯了恶劣的景观和气候——在夏天，长满草的冻土从雪山延伸到多
石的海岸线，但在冬天，太阳消失了，有很多雪，北极熊会在浮冰上出现。分析句子结构可知，此处应为
形容词作定语修饰landscape，结合句意可知，此处表示“恶劣的”为harsh符合句意。故填harsh。
【76题详解】
考查动词。句意：那里的人们已经习惯了恶劣的景观和气候——在夏天，长满草的冻土从雪山延伸到多石
的海岸线，但在冬天，太阳消失了，有很多雪，北极熊会在浮冰上出现。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓
语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“延伸”为stretch，根据全文时态为一般现在时态，此处应为一般现在
时态，句子主语是fields为复数，且与主语之间为主动关系。故填stretch。
【77题详解】
考查名词。句意：当鲸鱼被杀死时，房子和学校都是空的，因为每个人都跑到海滩上分一份肉。分析句子
结构可知，此处应为名词作宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示“社区”为community符合句意，且此处表示
的是抽象概念。故填community。
III. Phrases
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the phrases given in the box. Note that each phrase can be only
used once and there are two phrases more than you need.
be safe from be caught in belong to drop out of
go beyond impose...on... be far from
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78. Time, so personal yet _____no one, is what of eternal thematic value to men of letters.
79. He laughs into Henry’s mouth, instantly_____his own dramatic mental portrait of the two of them painted in
oils, young icons of their nations, shining wet in the lamplight.
80. Hardly surprisingly, given the size of the market, most of these texts have never _____their first editions.
81. His head was cut off, buried on Tower Hill facing France in the belief that so long as it remained there, Britain
_____ invasion.
82. The German Athletics Federation has recommended that a four-year ban _____double world sprint champion
Katrin Krabbe for failing a drugs test.
【答案】78. belonging to
79. caught in
80. gone beyond
81. would be safe from
82. should be imposed on## be imposed on
【解析】
【78题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：时间如此个人化，却不属于任何人，对文学家来说，它具有永恒的主题价值。belong
to“属于”符合句意，此处指时间不属于任何人；分析句子可知，空格处为状语，和逻辑主语Time是主动
关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填belonging to。
【79题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：他对着亨利的嘴笑了笑，立刻陷入了自己对他们两人用油画描绘的戏剧性心理画像
中——他们国家的年轻偶像，在灯光下闪闪发光。分析句子可知，空格处表示“陷入”，用动词短语be
caught in, 动词catch和逻辑主语He是被动关系，应使用过去分词，作状语。故填caught in。
【80题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：毫不奇怪，考虑到市场的规模，这些文本中的大多数从未超过过初版。根据句意空
格处表示“超过，超越”，动词短语go beyond符合句意；分析句子可知此处和助动词have构成现在完成
时，应使用过去分词，故填gone beyond。
【81题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他的头被砍掉，埋在面向法国的塔山上，因为他相信只要它留在那里，英国就不会
受到入侵。根据句意空格处表示“避免，免于”，动词短语be safe from符合句意；分析句子可知，空格处
为句子谓语部分，根据前面“His head was cut off”以及“the belief”可知此处应使用过去将来时。故填
would be safe from。
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【82题详解】
考查虚拟语气和动词语态。句意：德国田径联合会建议对两届世界短跑冠军Katrin Krabbe因药检不合格而
实施四年禁赛。根据句意空格处表示“强制实行，把……强加于……”，动词短语impose...on...符合句意；
分析句子可知，空格处为宾语从句谓语部分，recommend后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语部分为should+
动词原形，should可以省略，此处动词impose和主语a four-year ban是被动关系，应使用被动语态，故填should
be imposed on/be imposed on。
IV Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brakes.
83. 教育不应局限于要求学生掌握书本知识，还要指导他们应对与实际生活相关的难题。(restrict)(汉译英)
【答案】Education should not be restricted to asking students to have a good grasp/command of knowledge from
books, but it should (also) instruct them to address/ meet/ cope with/rise to/ challenges (that are) relevant to real life.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和短语。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。表达“局限于做某事”应用be restricted to
doing sth.；表达“掌握书本知识”用have a good grasp/command of knowledge from books；表达“指导某人
做某事”用instruct sb. to do sth.；表达“解决难题”用address/ meet/ cope with/rise to challenges；“与……
有关”表达为be relevant to，“与实际生活相关的”可处理为修饰challenge的定语从句，先行词在从句中
作主语，可用关系代词that引导，表达为that are relevant to real life，也可处理为形容词短语作后置定语。
结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Education should not be restricted to asking students to have a good
grasp/command of knowledge from books, but it should (also) instruct them to address/ meet/ cope with/rise to/
challenges (that are) relevant to real life.
84. 大多数职业女性都陷入这样的困境，她们无力承担失业风险，只得依靠父母来帮助照顾孩子。(rely) (汉
译英)
【答案】Most working women find themselves in a situation where they can’t afford the risk of losing their jobs, so
they have no option but to rely on parents to help look after their children.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词短语、时态和定语从句。根据句意可知，全句描述当前普遍存在的社会现象，应
使用一般现在时态；“大多数职业女性都陷入这样的困境”是主句，主语“大多数职业女性”可用most working
women表示，谓语部分“陷入这样的困境”可用短语find themselves in a situation表示，因主语与宾语一致，
使用了反身代词themselves，另外“困境”未直译，在其后定语从句中体现。“她们无力承担失业风险，只得
依靠父母来帮助照顾孩子”处理为定语从句，修饰先行词situation，模糊地点，在定语从句作地点状，用关
系副词where引导该定语从句；“她们无力承担失业风险”是定语从句中第一分句，主语“她们”they，谓语“无
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力承担”可用can’t affords表示，宾语“失业风险”用the risk of losing their jobs表示；“只得依靠父母来帮助照
顾孩子”是第二分句，与上一分句之间是因果关系，用并列连词so连接，主语“她们”they，谓语“只得依靠”
可用短语have no option but to do...表示，宾语“依靠父母来帮助照顾孩子”用to rely on parents to help look after
their children表示。综上， 全句译为：Most working women find themselves in a situation where they can’t afford
the risk of losing their jobs, so they have no option but to rely on parents to help look after their children.
85. 老年人的一个常见习惯就是囤积大量生活必需品以备不时之需，一部分原因是他们总是觉得某些不可控
的事情即将发生。(horizon) (汉译英)
【答案】It is a common habit among the elderly to store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life necessities in
case of emergencies, partly because they always feel that something uncontrollable is on the horizon.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、原因状语从句、宾语从句和固定短语。由句意可知，本句应用一般现在时，表示
客观事实。“老年人的一个常见习惯是……”可用固定句型It is a common habit among the elderly to do sth
表达，It为形式主语，动词不定式to do sth为真正的主语；“囤积大量生活用品”可译为动词短语
store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life necessities，表达“以备不时之需”可用介词短语in case of
emergencies；故“老年人的一个常见习惯就是囤积大量生活必需品以备不时之需，”可译为It is a common
habit among the elderly to store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life necessities in case of emergencies。
“一部分原因是”可译为连词because引导的原因状语从句，即partly because...，“他们总是觉得……”
可用they always feel that...来翻译，that引导宾语从句，“某些不可控的事情”应译为something
uncontrollable，根据提示词，“即将发生”应译为be on the horizon；故“一部分原因是他们总是觉得某些
不可控的事情即将发生。”可译为partly because they always feel that something uncontrollable is on the
horizon。故答案为：It is a common habit among the elderly to store/hoard a large quantity of living essentials/life
necessities in case of emergencies, partly because they always feel that something uncontrollable is on the horizon.
V Summary Writing
86. Directions: Read the passage carefully. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and
how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Common Characteristics of Folktales
Most of us know some very old folktales. People shared these stories orally for years before writing them down.
Since people told stories instead of writing them, the stories changed in between places and with each storyteller.
Each new storyteller made changes to the stories based on his own traditions and culture. For example, many cultures
have stories like the raven tale about how people got light. In these tales, though, the main character is another type
of animal.
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Next the characters in folktales are similar. They are usually ordinary characters who do extraordinary things.
,
They usually have only one or two strong characteristics. For instance, the chief in the Raven story is selfish and not
very smart. But Raven is very generous― e wants to help people. And he’s very clever as he finds a way to get the
light. In addition, often the characters in folktales are not people but animals with human qualities. They talk, make
plans, and have strong emotions. Small animals such as the popular spider and turtle play this role in West African
stories. In summary, the characters of folktales are simple but often clever in achieving their goals.
Finally, the plot, or what happens in the folktale, is usually exciting. Most folktales begin with an expression
like “a long time ago” and then move very quickly into the story, which starts with a problem. For instance, a strong,
bad character often gives a weaker character a task and promises something if he completes the task. The weaker
character often uses clever tricks, special skills, or magic to complete the task. In the end of a folktale, the good
characters usually win and the bad characters lose. In conclusion, the plot of a folktale is interesting.
So, in summary, we know that the tradition of folktales is very old. They are told all over the world, but they
share several of the same features, as said above.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Folktales are old and have much in common. First, they changed with time and culture because they used
to spread by word of mouth. Second, the characters in most of them are simple but clever and they are often
personified animals. Finally, their story begins with a problem and good characters can often win over bad ones in
the end. (60 words)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了古老的民间故事的三个特征：它们是口口相传，随着时间和文化
的变化而变化；其次它们角色简单，经常拟人化；第三个特征是好的角色最终会取得胜利。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Most of us know some very old folktales.
②People shared these stories orally for years before writing them down. Since people told stories instead of writing
them, the stories changed in between places and with each storyteller. Each new storyteller made changes to the
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stories based on his own traditions and culture.
③Next, the characters in folktales are similar. They are usually ordinary characters who do extraordinary things.
They usually have only one or two strong characteristics.
④In summary, the characters of folktales are simple but often clever in achieving their goals.
⑤Finally, the plot, or what happens in the folktale, is usually exciting.
⑥In the end of a folktale, the good characters usually win and the bad characters lose. In conclusion, the plot of a
folktale is interesting.
⑦They are told all over the world, but they share several of the same features, as said above.
2.缜密构思
将第1、7两个要点进行整合，作为首句；将第2个要点重组；3、4两个要点进行整合；5、6两个要点重
组。
3.遣词造句
Folktales are old and have much in common. They changed with time and culture because they used to spread by
word of mouth.The characters in most of them are simple but clever and they are often personified animals. Their
story begins with a problem and good characters can often win over bad ones in the end.
【点睛】【高分句型1】They changed with time and culture because they used to spread by word of mouth.（运用
了because引导的原因状语从句）
【高分句型 2】Second, the characters in most of them are simple but clever and they are often personified
animals.（运用了and连接的并列句）
VI. Guided Writing
87. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学学生王磊，最近正在进行一项有关“人际关系”的研究，经过问卷调查，结果如下表所
示：
对象 每天聊天的时间(平均)
同学 2小时
家长 10分钟
老师 30分钟
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Recently I did a survey on senior high school students’ interpersonal relationships with their classmates,
parents and teachers. The results show that the students spend two hours on day chatting with their peers, 30 minutes
with teachers, but merely 10 minutes with their parents. The results are understandable yet worrying.
Students spend most of the day at school, so it is natural for them to chat more with their classmates. They never
fail to find something to talk about, from schoolwork to pop stars, from shared hobbies to current events, etc. When
they come across difficulties in study, they would turn to their teachers for help.
Back home, however, students are buried with loads of homework, hardly finding enough time to have an
enjoyable chat with their parents. Besides, many parents are over-enthusiastic about their children’s academic
performance and tend to impose their wish on them. To ease the tension or disagreement, some students would simply
refrain themselves from chatting with of their parents, resulting in ever decreasing communication between each
other.
The development of interpersonal relationships, especially the relationships with one’s loved ones, plays an
important role in the young generation’s physical and mental growth. Communication is the initial step of a good
relationship. Hopefully, the results of my survey will encourage the students to talk more with their parents. After
all, only when we establish a good relationship with our parents can we get along better with others.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表作文，要求考生就最近正在进行一项有关“人际关系”的研究的调查结果
进行说明和分析原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
交谈：chat→communicate
遇到：come across→run into
帮助：help→assistance
而且：besides→what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To ease the tension or disagreement, some students would simply refrain themselves from chatting with of
their parents, resulting in ever decreasing communication between each other.
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拓展句：To ease the tension or disagreement, some students would simply refrain themselves from chatting with
of their parents, which results in ever decreasing communication between each other.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Back home, however, students are buried with loads of homework, hardly finding
enough time to have an enjoyable chat with their parents. （运用了现在分词作状语）
【高分句型2】After all, only when we establish a good relationship with our parents can we get along better with
others.（运用了部分倒装）
听力答案:I-5 DCABD 6-10 ABACC 11-13 ADB 14-16 BDC 17-20ACDB
第 34 页 共 34 页
