02 冠词和数词
冠词
冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。
I. 不定冠词的用法
1 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.
2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。
3 表示“每一”相当于every，one We study eight hours a day.
4 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.
— Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr.
Smith here.
用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性
5
质的人或事 A. 不填 B. a C. the D.
one
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）
a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry,
6 用于固定词组中
have a walk, many a time
7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 This room is rather a big one.
8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的
人或事
a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带
来耻辱的人或事
9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前
a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必
备的事
a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知
识
不定冠词用于固定搭配中：
a touch of 一点儿
a number of许多
a couple of两个；几个
all of a sudden 突然
once upon a time 从前
for a while 暂时
for a long time 长期地have／take a walk／a rest 散步／休息
as a matter of fact 事实上
at a loss 不知所措；困惑
pay a visit／be on a visit 参观；拜访
be／go on a diet 节食
give sb.a lift 让某人搭便车
in a mess 杂乱地
in a hurry 匆忙地
as a result 结果
as a result of...由于······
have a gift／talent for...在······方面有天赋
have a preference for...对······偏爱
have a chance of doing sth.有可能做某事
have a good time 玩得开心
have a word with...与······谈话
in a word 总之
in a way 从某种意义上说
have／catch a cold 患感冒
keep an eye on 照看；留意
make a living 谋生
to a degree 在某种程度上
as a whole 总体上
as a rule 通常
in a sense 在某种意义上
take an interest in...对······感兴趣
a range of 一系列
II. 定冠词的用法
In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___
popular means of transportation.
1 表示某一类人或物
A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D.
the; the2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 Would you mind opening the door?
4 用于演奏乐器 play the violin, play the guitar
5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 the reach, the living, the wounded
—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons,
please?
表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词 —Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in
6
用法5） the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the
D. the; /
7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 He is the taller of the two children.
the United States, the Communist Party of
8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前
China, the French
9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 The compass was invented in China.
10 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代)
11 用于表示度量单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour.
12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词 He patted me on the shoulder.
定冠词用于固定搭配中：
at the moment 此刻；目前
at the same time 同时
by the way 顺便说一下
all the way 一路上；自始至终
to the point 中肯；切题
go to the cinema／theater 去看电影／戏剧
in the distance 在远处
in the end 最后；最终
all over the world 全世界
at the top of...在······顶端
one...the other... 一个······另一个······
in the habit of doing...有做······的习惯
make the most of...充分利用······
not in the least 一点也不
on the contrary 与此相反
on the other hand 另一方面the other day 几天前；那天
to tell（you） the truth（跟你）说实话
three times the size／weight／length／...of...是····..
的三倍大／重／长
III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法
专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等
1 Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
名词前
名词前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every
2 I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
等限制
3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 Lincoln was made President of America.
5 表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前 He likes playing football/chess.
We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea
instead of driving across ______ continent.
6 与by连用表示交通方式的名词前
A. the; the B . 不填； the C. the; 不填 D. 不
填；不填
7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8 表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.
零冠词用于某些固定搭配中
at first 起初；首先
in fact 事实上；实际上
in short 简单地说
with satisfaction 满意地
at hand 在手头；即将来临
at dawn／dusk／night在黎明／黄昏／夜晚
catch fire 着火 come to power 开始掌权
make room for...为·······留出空间／余地
by means of 以某种方法
by weight 按重量 by mistake 错误地
by chance 碰巧 in case of 如果；假使
in history 在历史上 in peace 处于和平中
under repair 在维修中 hand in hand 手拉手
at war 在交战 do harm to...对······有害巩固练习：
单句填空
1. Since the appearance of mass-produced, modern umbrellas, sales of traditional oil-paper umbrellas have
been on the decrease, and____________ number of craftsmen has also declined dramatically.
2.For a long time, it functioned as a nursing home for_________ elderly and provided accommodations for the
homeless.
3.The team held the champion trophy at the award ceremony with __________combination of laughter and
complex feelings.
4.In China,the annual planting area of hybrid rice has topped 16 million hectares, or 57 percent of
__________total planting area of rice.
5.You don't necessarily have to own all________ latest things, but you should have a rough idea of what is
changing.
6.Dunant wanted to continue with his trading company, but it was__________failure.
7.With ____________atmosphere of fun and celebration,the carnival is not to be missed.
8._____________Browns are waiting for you outside.
9.They are proud to be_____________first generation in their family to attend college.
10.The chimpanzees did not show_____________ actual preference for the slower classical music.
语法填空
Tea is commonly considered native to Southern China.However,in a garden in Geling Village in Medog
County in the Xizang Autonomous Region, the morning air is filled with the sweet aroma of
1._______(fresh)picked tea.
Isermg Tangaron, a 23-yeat-o of the ethnic groups2.__________live in this region,skillfully makes her way
through the garden,carefully picking tender tea leaves and tossing them into a bamboo basket tied to her waist.
Tea picking 3.___________(become) a habit for her over the past five years. After she is done, Tsering
Yangdron goes back home, where she also runs a homestay.“We have come up with4.___________dish of fresh
tea buds fried with eggs,”she said. A kilogram of fresh tea buds 5.__________(sell)for 300 yuan. Once
they6.___________(dry)and processed to make green tea, their value increases significantly.
Geling was once inaccessible as a result of the dense forests, 7_________ the opening of the Medog
Highway in 2013 significantly improved connectivity and created opportunities for economic growth.Prior to
HHuang Jiabin's appointment 8.___________the village's first secretary of the party branch,the tea plantationin Geling was a neglected piece of land.
“9._____________(realize) the valley was suitable for growing tea, since 2018, we have improved the
management of the tea plantation, introduced advanced planting techniques and provided training for
10.____________(village),”Huang said.
基数词和序数词
I.表示数目多少的词叫基数词
100以下的基本基数词 100以上
1-10 11-19 20-90 100
1 one 11 eleven 20 twenty a/one hundred;
2 two 12 twelve 30 thirty 1000
3 three 13 thirteen 40 forty a/one thousand;
4 four 14 fourteen 50 fifty 1,000,000
5 five 15 fifteen 60 sixty a/one million;
6 six 16 sixteen 70 seventy 1,000,000,000
7 seven 17 seventeen 80 eighty a/one billion（美）
8 eight 18 eightteen 90 ninety
a/one thousand million(英)
9 nine 19 nineteen
10 ten
II.表示顺序的数次叫序数词：
基本序数词的构成
1st first 11th eleventh 20th twentieth 30th thirtieth
2nd second 12th twelfth 21st twenty-first 40th fortieth
3rd third 13th thirteenth 22nd twenty- 50th fiftieth
second
4th fourth 14th fourteenth 23rd twenty-third 60th sixtieth
5th fifth 15th fifteenth 24th twenty-fourth 70th sevenyieth
6th sixth 16th sixteenth 25th twenty-fifth 80th eightieth
7th seventh 17th seventeenth 26th twenty-sixth 90th ninetieth
8th eighth 18th eighteenth 27th twenty- 100th one hundredth
seventh
9th ninth 19th nineteenth 28th twenty- 1,000th one thousangth
eighty
10th tenth 29th twenty-ninth 1,,000,000th one millionth
100,000,000th one billionth注意：基数词及序数词重要用法
1. 基数词的用法
基数词用于表示事物的数量，在表示基数词时，要特别注意hundred, thousand, million, billion等几
个词的用法：若其前用了基数词，则不论其面是否有of，都必须用单数形式(此时若带of则通常表示特
定范围中的一部分)；若泛指数百、数千、数百万等，则用 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of 等这样
的结构。如：
Two hundred of the students are needed to plant trees this morning. 今天中午需要200个学生去植树。
Hundreds of people attended the famous director’s farewell concert. 好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的
告别音乐会。
Thousands upon thousands of English words come from foreign tongues. 成千上万英语单词来自外来
语。
2. 基数词的复数用法
逢整“十”的基数词的复数形式可用于表示某人的大约年岁和世纪中的年代。如：
The war broke out in the nineties. 这次战争爆发于90年代。
Karl Mark began to learn the Russian language in his fiftieth. 马克思五十多岁开始学俄语。
3. 序数词的用法
序数词用于表示事物的顺序，一般由与之相应的基数词加 th构成(但有特殊形式需特别记忆)；序数
词主要用作定语，前面一般要加定冠词(或物主代词)。如：
Their second son is a doctor. 他们的二儿子是个博士。
The hundredth cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps. 乔治一生中找到的第一百个
山洞在阿尔卑斯山附近。
注：序数词前有时可用不定冠词，表示“每一，又一”。如：
We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们将再做一遍。
词尾加上-th(fourth,sixth)
一、二、三，特殊例，
结尾字母t,d,d(first,second,third) 八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth)
ve要用 f替;(fifth,twelfth)
ty将y改成i, th前面有个e。
若是碰到几十几， 前用基来后用序。或记忆为：一、二、三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d 八加h,九减e,逢十改y为ie
f要把ve替，还有th莫忘记
【语言实践内容梳理】
1. 数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目，序数词表示顺序。
基数词
(1)1～12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式。如one，two，three，…twelve等。
(2)13～19都以teen结尾，单词中的两个音节都读重音。如thirteen，fourteen…nineteen等。
(3)20～90十位数的整数都以-ty结尾，单词中的第一个音节重读。如twenty，thirty…ninety等。
(4)hundred 是“百”，thousand 是“千”，ten thousand 是“万”，one hundred thousand 是“十
万”，million是“百万”，ten million 是“千万”。
(5)在表示一个具体的数目时，hundred，thousand，million 后面都不能加“s”。如:two thousand，
seven million等。在表示一个不确定的数目时，hundred， thousand，million 后面要加“s”。如：“成
千上万”thousands of，“数百万”millions of 等。
(6)20以上的基数词的读法：
a. 两位数的读法，在十位和个位之间加连字符(即“-”)如：22 twenty-two， 35 thirty-five
b. 三位数的读法，在百位之后加“and”。如：136 one hundred and thirty-six， 498 four hundred and
ninety-eight
c. 四位及四位以上数的读法，只在百位之后加 and，而千位、万位以上的数后面不加任何词，只按
顺序读。如：1 234 one thousand two hundred and thirty-four，
5 864 327 five million eight hundred and sixty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-seven
2. 序数词
(1)第一、第二、第三分别为first，second，third。
(2)第四到第十九都由相应的基数词加th构成。如：fourth，seventh等。要注意fifth，eighth，ninth
和twelfth的拼写法和读法。
(3)十位数的序数词由相应的基数词去掉词尾y加ieth构成。如：twentieth，fiftieth等。
(4)第二十一到九十九等，前面的十位数用基数词，后面的个位数用序数词，中间用连字符“-”连
接。如：twenty-first，twenty-ninth，seventy-eighth 等。
(5)第一百、第一千、第一百万分别在相应的基数词后面加 th。即:hundredth，thousandth，
millionth。
(6)序数词之前一般要加定冠词或代词。如：
The second truck is carrying fewer baskets than the first one.
This is her first visit to China.有时，序数词前用不定冠词，表示“再一、又一”的意思。如：
He failed once. Then he tried a second time. 他曾经失败一次，然后他又试了一次。
3. 年月日表达法
(1)年份，每两位数读一个词。如：
1949 nineteen forty-nine 1900 nineteen hundred
(2)先月后日，日子要读成序数词。如：
5月1日 May (the) first可写成 May 1
3月8日 March (the) eighth可写成March 8
(3)先日后月，在月份之前加of。如：
5月1日 the first of May
3月8日 the eighth of March
(4)年月日同时出现，把年代放在最后，年代前用逗号隔开。
如1949年10月1日，可写成：the first of October，1949或October (the)first，1949。
4. 时刻表达法
(1)用基数词，按顺序读。如：
7：30 seven thirty， 8：15 eight fifteen， 12：00 twelve (o’clock)
(2)用介词past，past之前为分钟数(须在半小时以内，包括半小时)，
past之后为钟点数。
如： 6：11 eleven past six ，7：15 fifteen (a quarter) past seven
9：30 thirty (half) past nine
(3)用介词to，to前为分钟数(须在半小时以上,不包括半小时)，to之后为下一个钟点数，
表示“差几分到几点”。如：
6：58 two to seven，7：45 fifteen (a quarter) to eight
5. 编号表达法
(1)用No. No. (读Number)后加数字，数字读基数词。
如：No. 1 Number One， No. 3 bus Number Three bus
(2)用序数词 词序为：the + 序数词+名词 如:
the first lesson，the Second World War
(3)用基数词 词序为：名词(词首字母大写)＋基数词(如用英语拼写，词首字母也要大写)如：
Lesson One，Class Four，World War Two。此种方法较常见，特别是当数字较长时。如：
Room 306，No. 106 Middle School。
6. 分数表达法分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1时，分母要在序数词后加s。如：
1/3，one third，2/5，two fifths等。
7. 数学运算的表达法
“加”用 plus 或 and，“减”用 minus，“乘”用 times，“除”用 divided by，动词多用单数。
如：
3+5=8 Three plus/and five is eight. 9-2=7Nine minus two is seven.
6×5=30 Five times six is thirty. 8÷2=4 Eight divided by two is four巩固练习：
1. The hero of the story is an artist in his .
A. thirtieth B. thirty C. thirtys D. thirties
2. -----What’s one -third and a half, do you know?
----- Yes, it’s ______.
A. two-sixths B. three-fourths
C. one-three D. five-sixths
3. _____of water______polluted because of the development of industry.
A. Two third, is B. Two thirds, is
C. Two thirds, are D. Second thirds, is
4. These two new cameras are quite similar in appearance (外观)，but this one costs almost________.
A. twice as much B. twice so much
C. as much twice D. so much twice
5. My uncle’s house in the downtown is much smaller than ours, but it is ______ expensive.
A. twice as B. twice more than C. as twice D. twice of
