03 续写开头的构思与设计
续写开头的作用及宏观设计策略
如何写好读后续写在高考中博取阅卷老师的眼球获得梦寐以求的高分？如何让学
生的作品在高考中脱颖而出获得高分？这是很多老师和学生一直在不懈努力的课题。
那么，读后续写的开头如何写呢？可以使用哪些写作技能和手法？我们知道，一个好
的故事开头就好比是一堂成功的课的导入，能够迅速抓住学生和老师们的兴趣，并且
愿意听下去，跟着授课老师的思路走。一个好的故事开头就好比是一个带着香味十足
的诱饵，诱使读者上钩并且饶有趣味地看完。而一个拙劣的故事开头，定会让读者大
倒胃口，恹恹欲睡。可见，写好一个好故事的好开头是多么的重要。以下就是语篇交
际中的常用接话技巧：
1.模糊表达
模糊表达是人们在听话过程中，觉得回答对方的话语或是在承接对方话语时，不
愿、不便、或是不能直接正面回答，从而选择一种界限不清的模糊表达方式，如以喻
代答、就轻避重、巧换概念、以问代答等，这样既保护了自身，又起到了委婉、含蓄、
谦虚、礼貌等交际 效果。
（1）以喻代答式的接话技巧：有些问题用纯理性的语言或许难以准确表达或是难
以使人确切理解，而若采用比喻的方式则可能产生更好 的表达效果。
（2）就轻避重式的接话技巧：交际中往往会碰到对方向自己征询意见而自己迫于
保全对方面子的需要不便于直接表达的情况，此时，我 们常常会对问题采用就轻避重
的方式予以回答。
（3）模棱两可式的接话技巧：:当说话者向听话者提出的问题，听话者不能给予
十 分明确的回答时，听话者在接话时常会采取一种模棱两 可的回答方式。这样，既
没有违反合作原则，也很好地遵循了礼貌原则。
（4）巧换概念式的接话技巧：巧换概念也是我们在接话过程中常用的模糊表达手
段，即故意在接话时将对方话语中的某个句子或是某个语词作出另一角度上的理解或
是与之截然相反的阐释，实现一种巧妙的接话。
（5）以问代答式的接话技巧：在交际过程中我们会碰到对于对方所提的问题并不
了解的情况。而有时，出于维护自身尊严又出于礼貌回应对方的需要，我们可采用一
种间接地以问代答的方式模糊表达自己实际并不知情的事实。
2.重复话轮
交际过程中， 接话者在听取说话人讲述时，可能会 觉得说话人讲的其中某一句话或某几个词是话题的重点，抑或是认为有值得更进一步探讨的话语，接话人往往会
在接话过程中重复前说话人话语里的某个词语或是 某句话语来继续话轮的进一步展开。
重复不仅是以此来 强调自己和说话人的关注点相同，更重要的是对说话人 的认同，
满足说话人被尊重被关注的需要，是对一致准 则的遵守。话轮的重复可以分为简单性
重复和归纳性重复。
（1）简单性重复：简单性重复是指接话人对上一说话人的话语进行完 全性重复，
不改变上一说话人的语词、语义，只是一种强调似的简单的重复。这样的重复既是对
话轮的衔接， 又是对上一说话人的礼貌回应。
（2）归纳性重复：归纳性重复是指对对方所说的话语进行总结性归纳，是为了使
对方觉得自身的话语得到了倾听，受到了重视， 也是为了加强受众的印象。
3.巧用礼貌用语
礼貌用语包括一些谦敬语称呼语、委婉语等。巧礼貌用语，是礼貌原则制约下的
又一接话技巧。
（1）使用谦敬称呼语：用谦语贬己，用敬语扬人。用谦敬称呼语尽量抬高对方、
贬低自己， 以示自谦和对对方的尊敬， 使双方在以礼相待中和谐对话，是礼貌原则
的贬己尊人 准则的显著体现。
（2）使用委婉语：委婉语是指人们在交谈过程中，碰到一些不愿或不便直接表达
的名物、动作或是心理时，常用含蓄、温和、 文雅、无刺激性的语言代替生硬、直接、
粗俗、带刺激 性的语言，从而消除或淡化交际中产生的不愉快。交际过程的“润滑
剂”。在接话过程中，人们常用委婉语 来达到一种理想的交际效果，体现了礼貌原则
在接话过 程中的运用效果。
续写接话的构思与设计的微观技巧
1.用副词显现做出动作反应时的时间特征等
例如：
(2016. 10 浙江卷)Para1：But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark
again. Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest.
【分析】用时间时间副词承接所给首句中的“it getting dark again”，同时衔接后文
的环境描写“the darkness ruled the forest”。副词衔接自然、顺畅。
2.用形容词（短语）凸显人物的情感情绪
例如：
（1）(2016.10 浙江卷)Para 1: But no more helicopters came and it was getting
dark again. Desperate and hopeless , Jane knelt down , tears streaming down her face.【分析】用形容词短语“ Desperate and hopeless”凸显了人物的情绪状态，与后面的
动作“knelt down”一起再现了情境中的人物的精神状态。
（2）(2016.10浙江卷)Para 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Weak as she
was, she struggled to her feet, continuing searching for assistance.
【分析】用“状态形容词+as/though 引导的倒装句”结构体现了人物早上起来后的精
神状态。
（3）(2018.06 浙江卷)Para 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my
horse. Afraid tha t I migh t hur t th e lovely smal l creatur e, I automatically let out a cry
to stop my horse.
【分析】用“情绪形容词+从句”结构阐释了人物见到兔子后的心理反应。
（4）(2018.06 浙江卷)Para 2: We had no idea where we were and it got dark.
Exhausted and hungry , I wondered if we could find our way back.
【分析】用并列的表示心理状态的形容词，体现了人物心力交瘁的状态。
3. 用分词（短语）体现人物的心理变化等
例如：
（1） (2016.10浙江卷) Para1: But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark
again. Feeling disappointed , Jane had to stay alone for another night.
【分析】用“现在分词+情绪形容词”结构体现了人物失望的心理状态。
（2）(2016.10 浙江卷) Para 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. Feeling
refreshed, she continued to walk along the stream to find the way out.
【分析】用“现在分词+状态形容词”结构传递了人物早上醒来后的精神状态。
4. 用直接引语增强情境效果
例如：
(2017.06浙江卷)Para 1: The car abruptly stopped in front of him. "Get into the car."
Paul shouted at Mac.
【分析】用含有祈使句的直接引语与首句提示中的“abruptly stopped”形成呼应，进
一步烘托了紧张的情境。
5. 添加背景描写以烘托场景
例如：
(2017.11浙江卷)Para 2: We drove through several states and saw lots of great sights
along the way. I looked out of the car window, winding rivers, lofty mountains,
sunny beaches and deep valleys holding me entirely in their fascination .
【分析】用“视觉+环境描写+拟人修辞”结构与首句提示语中的“lots of greatsights”遥相呼应，再现了美丽风景对视觉的冲击效果。
6.引入新动作创造新的情境
例如：
(2017.11 浙江卷)Para 1: The next day we remembered the brand-new tent we had
brought with us. Dad exchanged a glance with me . Why not camp to satisfy Mom?
【分析】用“动作描写+问句衔接”结构承接首句提示语创造了一个新的情境，即“露
营”。
7. 借助声音效果增强描写功效
例如：
BOOM, CRASH! The wind was howling outside of my house. We were having a terrible
thunder storm. I was very scared.
【分析】用“ howling”这一声效进一步拓展了首句所设定的情境效果。
8.用疑问句引出新的话题或对事件的新的看法
例如：
Why does trouble always follow me around? Do I have a "kick me" sign on my back or
something?
【分析】用一般疑问句承接首句的特殊疑问句，进一步凸显了作者对“trouble”的看
法。
写作策略实践与强化
1．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I worked at a local university and our office was staffed with a few student workers. One
of the students was a member of an amateur soccer team that needed a player. She overheard
me talking to another student about how I’d always wanted to play soccer, but never got the
chance. The soccer player offered to let me come and try out for the position.
I was excited and scared. Excited at the thought of doing something I’d always wanted
to do, but scared that I was too out of shape and too old to keep up with athletic twenty-year-
olds. There was no harm trying out, though. I agreed to be on the field for practice.
My husband and children thought I was crazy but I didn’t care. I didn’t move much
while doing my job at the university and I’d just taken up running to turn back the clock a
little. I had all the mom responsibilities, too. Between my work and family responsibilities,
finding time for myself seemed impossible, but I knew playing soccer with kids would
motivate me to keep active.I showed up with butterflies in my stomach and low expectations. I just knew once they
saw how out of shape I was, they’d let me kick the ball a few times and then look for a
younger girl. During drills, I was slow and got breathless easily, but my desire to do that
made me drive forward. Maybe they were touched by my spirit or maybe they just needed a
player—they let me in anyhow.
I couldn’t have been happier! They took my shirt size, jersey (球衣) number and my
team name. I chose “Mama Platt” because it was what a couple of the students called me, and
I chose my dad’s soccer number from high school: 7. I still remember the moment I stood in a
sporting goods store. Was that really happening? I couldn’t believe it. These girls were
actually going to let me be a part of the team!
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
In order not to let my team down, I decided to improve myself.
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We won our first game, our second and our third.
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2．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Early in my teaching career, I heard countless excuses for why students didn’t hand in
their homework. As time passed, I quit accepting any excuse other than a verifiable(能证实
的)death in the family.
When I was transferred to an inner-city middle school, I took my no-nonsense attitudewith me.”No excuses, no extensions!“ I warned my eighth graders on the first day of school. I
collected homework at the beginning of each class. When a student didn’t have it, I never
asked why. Instead, I sighed loudly, shook my head and—with the student looking on—
recorded a zero in the grade book. I soon gained the reputation I thought I wanted.
Then, one afternoon, shortly after the dismissal bell rang, Anthony approached
me.”Could I talk to you a minute?“ he asked shyly, not taking his eyes off the floor.”I know
you said it doesn’t matter why we don’t have our lessons done, but I don’t want you to think
I’m a lazy student because I come to school without my homework so often.“
Anthony looked up at me for the first time, and I could see that his eyes were
watering.”It’s just that my dad moved out, and my mom waits tables at night, so I have to
take care of my little brothers. Sometimes they cry a lot, and it makes it hard to concentrate.“
I put my hand on Anthony’s thin shoulder.”Why are you just now telling me …”I
stopped in mid-sentence. I knew why. So I changed the question.“Would it help if you stayed
here in my classroom after school and worked on it before you go home?”
He swallowed hard and nodded.
The next day, I announced to all my students that I’d be offering an after-school study
hall Monday through Friday.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Anthony was the first student to show up.
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I learned a lot from the case of Anthony.
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3．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Frog is a wise and brave frog, living happily with his neighbors as well as good friends –
Duck, Pig, Hare and Rat. One day, dark clouds were gathering in the sky, hiding the sun from
view. “It’s going to rain,” thought Frog happily. The first drops were already falling on his
bare skin. Frog loved the rain. He danced for joy as the raindrops fell thick and fast, which
was a bit too much even for Frog.
He ran home dripping wet and made himself a nice hot cup of tea. The raindrops
pattered against the window but it was cozy inside. After three days of rain however, Frog
began to feel restless. He wondered how his friends were, because he hadn’t seen them since
the rain started.
On the fifth day, the river began to rise. It wasn’t long before water came streaming into
Frog’s house. Full of worry, he hurried over to Duck’s house only to find it was flooded as
well. Wading (蹚) through the watery landscape, they decided to go to Pig’s house. Pig was
leaning out of his attic (阁楼) window. “All my things are wet,” he cried desperately. The
room was in a mess, with tables and chairs floating around. “Let’s go and see Hare,”
suggested Frog.
Hare’s house was on an island in the middle of the water. Hare stood at the door and
waved to them. “Come inside,” he shouted. “It’s dry in here.” Gratefully, they dried
themselves in front of the stove and told Hare how their houses had been flooded. Hare
invited them to stay as there’s plenty of room and plenty of food in the house. So they all sat
down to a big pot of stew (炖菜) Hare had made. So hungry were they that they ate
everything up. Then they settled down to a cosy evening and stayed there for days, while
outside it kept raining.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then, one day, they found they only had one loaf of bread left.
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Pig, Duck and Hare cheered when they saw Frog return in a boat.
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参考答案
1．
In order not to let my team down, I decided to improve myself. I ran as much as I could
around my neighborhood to get in better shape and improve my speed. Passing the ball was
the most challenging part for me because I was not flexible enough, so I did much practice in
private. When it was time for the team drill, I would always show up on time and try my best
to cooperate with my teammates. After months of practice, I was able to do my part
successfully! Anyway, I felt prepared for the coming games!
We won our first game, our second and our third. Some nights we played two games
back to back. It was exciting, tiring and the most fun I had ever had in my life! We only lost
once during the entire season and ended up winning the championship. It was the experience
of a lifetime! I turned thirty-nine while playing soccer with college kids. I remember driving
home after the last game and realizing that taking chances could open doors to opportunities
you had never considered possible!
【写作指导】本文以事件为线索展开，讲述了作者在39岁时参加了一支业余女子足球
队，在经过了几个月的努力练习之后，作者终于和全队成员赢得了赛季冠军的故事。
【解析】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“为了不让我的团队失望，我决定提高自己。”可知，第一段可
描写作者是如何进行锻炼并为赛季做准备的。
②由第二段首句内容“我们赢得了第一场、第二场和第三场比赛。”可知，第二段可
描写作者和队员们取得胜利的过程。2.续写线索：参加足球队——被球队接纳——刻苦训练——取得胜利——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①做好准备：feel prepared for/make preparation for
②获得冠军：win the championship/win a title
③做很多训练：do much practice/do a lot of training
情绪类
①令人疲惫的：tiring/exhausting
②令人感兴趣的：exciting/appealing
【典型表达】[高分句型1] I remember driving home after the last game and realizing that
taking chances could open doors to opportunities you had never considered possible!（由从
属连词that引导的宾语从句作realizing的宾语和省略了关系代词that引导的定语从
句）
[高分句型2] When it was time for the team drill, I would always show up on time and try
my best to cooperate with my teammates.（由连词when引导的时间状语从句）
2．
Anthony was the first student to show up. A couple of days later, another student joined
him. Before long, I had a room full of eighth graders who sometimes stayed until five o'clock
to work on their lessons. I seldom asked them what made it impossible for them to finish their
homework in time. Instead, I listened to their stories and problems, and managed to make up
for the lessons they had missed. Meanwhile, some students offered to help each other. Seeing
happy smiles on their faces, I knew their confidence were building up.
I learned a lot from the case of Anthony. I used to take a no-nonsense attitude towards
excuses. Now I have come to realize that not all kids come from homes that are safe and
warm. Some have to study in a difficult situation. These things couldn’t be taught in the
education classes I had taken in college. The teaching relationship involves trust. As teachers,
we should learn to lend an ear and listen to them. Most importantly, I learned that “I’ll listen”
works far better than “No excuses! ”
【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者作为一名教师的态度的变化，作者
曾经不接受任何借口的拖延作业，而一个名叫Anthony的男孩的故事却改变了作者的
想法。作者也明白了，教师应该学会倾听学生的意见。
【解析】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Anthony是第一个来的学生。”以及第二段首句内容“我从Anthony的例子中学到了很多。”可知，第一段可描写越来越多的学生来到了作者提
供的课后自习室。
②由第二段首句内容“我从Anthony的例子中学到了很多。”可知，第二段可描写作
者从这件事得到的感触。
2.续写线索：学生找借口不交作业——不接受任何借口———得到铁面无私的称号
———解释不交作业的原因——希望作者不要误解———作者深有感触——决定提供
课后自习室——很多学生都加入了课后自习室
3.词汇激活
行为类
①成功做某事：manage to do/was able to do
②弥补：make up for/compensate for
③明白、意识到：realize/become aware of
情绪类
①开心：happy/delighted
②安全的：safe/secure
【典型表达】【高分句型1】Before long, I had a room full of eighth graders who
sometimes stayed until five o'clock to work on their lessons.（运用了who引导的定语从
句）
【高分句型2】Seeing happy smiles on their faces, I knew their confidence were building
up.（运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句）
3．
Then, one day, they found they only had one loaf of bread left. Deeply worried, they
were sitting in dead silence when Frog stood up and offered to find food. He headed for the
door, stepped out and jumped into the bitterly cold water, without hesitation. Unfortunately, in
the midway, he ran into a whirlpool and kept going round in circles at great speed. Noticing
that heavier objects went down more quickly, he swiftly grasped a barrel nearby, tied himself
to it and tried to flee. Finally, he made it to the Rat’s, where he found abundant food as well
as a boat, and hurried back to the Hare’s.
Pig, Duck and Hare cheered when they saw Frog return in a boat. Seeing his friends,
Frog waved with great excitement, “I’ve brought us a lot of food.” As soon as the boat
landed, the three grabbed Frog’s arms, gave him a hug and cheered, “You are a real hero!
Hearing this, Frog was glowing with pride. That night, they held a party, swallowed a big
meal and fell into a sound sleep. The next thing they knew was morning, when the rainstopped and the sun came out, casting a red glow over the village.
【写作指导】本文以下雨青蛙和朋友们的情况展开，讲述了青蛙和朋友们快乐地生活
在一起，但一天下雨了，并且持续下了好几天，青蛙的家被淹了，他非常担心朋友们，
于是一户户去拜访，不出所料，大家的房子也被淹了，除了小兔子家还有一块干的地
方。于是朋友们都聚在兔子家开心地聚餐。
【解析】1.段落续写：
①根据第一段首句“然后，有一天，他们发现他们只剩下一条面包了”可知，下文可
描写青蛙主动出去找食物，他在途中遇到的危险，以及如何找到小船回到大家身边。
②根据第二段首句“小猪、鸭子和野兔看到青蛙坐船回来时都欢呼起来”可知，下文
可描写朋友们对青蛙的赞美和感激，以及雨过天晴，一切恢复正常。
2.续写线索：食物所剩无几——青蛙主动出去找食物——途中遇到困难——化险为夷，
找到食物——朋友们庆祝青蛙回家——赞美与感激——朋友们饱餐一顿——雨过天晴，
恢复正常
3.词类激活
行为类
①主动提出做某事：offer to do/volunteer to do
②遇到：run into/come across/encounter
③抓住：grasp/seize/catch hold of
情绪类
①担心的：worried/concerned
②兴奋：excitement/thrill
【典型表达】[高分句型1]Deeply worried, they were sitting in dead silence when Frog
stood up and offered to find food.（运用了形容词作状语，when引导是时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]The next thing they knew was morning, when the rain stopped and the sun came
out, casting a red glow over the village.（运用了省略关系代词which/that的定语从句
