绝密★考试结束前
2026 年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷）
英语
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准
考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，
用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The victory of the book
The printed book is back. Recent studies have shown that students remember more information when they
read a hard-copy book compared to 1 (read) on a digital device.
One school near where I live responded to these findings by getting rid of its e-readers. The students found,
according to a teacher, the e-readers were costly and 2 “the ease of navigation” was superior when
using a traditional book. E-books have its “navigational tools,” but it turns out that the best navigational devices
3 (be) your forefinger and thumb. You can use 4 to turn the pages forward and backward. 5
(think), all this time, those devices have just been sitting there at the end of your arm.
Fans of digital books 6 point out that e-readers have a handy “search” tool. Old-fashioned books
also have a search function, in which you turn back to the opening chapter to remind yourself of the hero’s
surname. They even have a “bookmark system,” 7 uses a device called a “bookmark.”
Can a traditional book offer all the features of an e-book? Alas, no. It lacks a “progress bar” indicating whatpercentage of the book 8 (read). Luckily, a “hack” is available: Turn your book so that it can be viewed
9 the side or top. It will naturally form two halves joined in the middle (“the spine”). 10 the left-
hand half is thicker than the right-hand one, you are more than halfway through.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.
Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．consider B．fixed-priced C． higher-end D．indecision E. logic F. minor
G. practical H. purchase I. revealing J. sacrifice K. value
The Power of Opportunity Costs
While shopping for my first stereo (立体声音响), I spent an hour debating between a $1,000 Pioneer and a
$700 Sony. Perhaps fearing that my 11 would cost him a sale, the salesman said, “Well, think of it this
way — would you rather have the Pioneer, or the Sony and $300 worth of CDs?” The Sony — and it wasn’t even
close. Twenty new CDs were too great a(n) 12 for the slightly more attractive Pioneer. Although I knew
the price difference, I hadn’t thought of it in terms of what else the money could buy until the salesman framed it
that way.
If one assumes, as an economics textbook might, that consumers routinely calculate opportunity costs, this
story is 13 . All decisions involve opportunity costs, but how consumers 14 them has received little
attention from decision theorists and even less from marketers. Promotional messages often highlight product
advantages or price differences, but spelling out what those differences mean in 15 terms may be more
persuasive. A $300 difference can seem significant or not, depending on what else it could be spent on.
Generally, firms selling cheaper products should highlight the opportunity costs of trading up, while those
selling 16 products may want to avoid the topic. But the idea must be used carefully. The same 17
that leads someone to choose silver over gold could also lead them to choose bronze (铜) over silver.
It’s also important that the lost opportunities are framed around things buyers actually 18 . One
campaign once framed the cost of a large government program in terms of snack cakes per person per day — a(n)
comparison so 19 that it weakened the argument. On the other hand, a De Beers ad cleverly showed a pair
of diamond earrings with the line “Redo the kitchen next year,” suggesting that buying the earrings would only
mean putting off home renovations (装修) for a little while. In reality, the earrings might cost as much as theentire kitchen redo, but the framing made the 20 seem reasonable.
II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.
Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
One morning during lockdown, I joined a virtual open day for a selective school we were considering for
our daughter. I expected the 21 : academic rankings, university offers, perhaps some images of tennis
courts and music rooms. But the headmistress said something unexpected. She explained that the school’s mission
was not only to support high-achieving students, but also to help them 22 the pressure of perfectionism
— and the fear and self-doubt it can bring. My husband nodded quietly. I felt something different: a sudden
breath, a moment of clarity. Her words stayed with me long after the call was over.
I began to wonder why her message 23 me so strongly. Perhaps it was because, like many
students of my generation, I had grown up in a system that praised perfect results, neat handwriting, and error-free
essays. Perfectionism had been treated as a 24 . Later, in job interviews, it even became an indirect way
to show off — something we presented as a weakness, but secretly hoped would 25 .
26 , psychologists like Thomas Curran argue that perfectionism is more damaging than it seems.
He describes it as society’s “favourite fault” in one of his books. His research shows that perfectionism is
increasing sharply, especially among young people. A particularly 27 type is “socially prescribed
perfectionism” — the belief that one must be perfect to be accepted by others. This version is strongly linked to
anxiety, depression, and burnout. It becomes more than a habit; it becomes a quiet 28 .
What struck me most was how perfectionism had influenced not just my work or academic life, but my
entire sense of self. It 29 in how I arranged my home, how I responded to feedback, and how I judged
even small daily choices. I realised I had been living with the quiet belief that nothing I did was ever quite 30
.
The headmistress’s words felt like a rare invitation — to let go of 31 standards. Could my
daughter grow up without this pressure? Could I? It felt like 32 , not just to do my best, but to allow that
best to be imperfect. And that felt strangely powerful.
Not everyone sees perfectionism as damaging. Some believe it can be 33 if channelled in theright way. But for many, it becomes a(n) 34 — pushing us to achieve more, while making us feel like
we’re always falling short.
Maybe accepting ourselves as we are is an idea worth 35 — and maybe, just maybe, the most
liberating one of all.
21．A．unexpected B．opposite C．ridiculous D．usual
22．A．recognize B．escape C．enhance D．reflect
23．A．affected B．changed C．defined D．frustrated
24．A．burden B．symptom C．beginning D．virtue
25．A．impress B．last C．disappear D．improve
26．A．Besides B．Instead C．So D．Yet
27．A．obvious B．old-school C．harmful D．rule-breaking
28．A．power B．resistance C．struggle D．request
29．A．took on B．turned down C．made off D．showed up
30．A．timely B．enough C．logical D．sincere
31．A．realistic B．impossible C．impersonal D．basic
32．A．permission B．responsibility C．standard D．review
33．A．abstract B．positive C．unstoppable D．expressive
34．A．trend B．symbol C．trap D．addiction
35．A．holding onto B．shooting down C．weighing up D．laying out
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according
to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and was transferred
to manage a team in Sweden. She was excited about her new role but soon realised that managing her new team
would be a challenge.
Despite their friendliness, Gabriela didn’t feel respected as a leader. Her new staff would question herproposals openly in meetings, and when she announced her decisions on the project, they would continue giving
their opinions as if it was still up for discussion.
What Gabriela was experiencing was a cultural conflict in expectations. She was used to a more
hierarchical framework where the team leader and manager took control and gave specific instructions on how
things were to be done. This more directive management style worked well for her and her team in Brazil but did
not transfer well to her new team in Sweden, who were more used to a flatter hierarchy where decision making
was more democratic.
Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede uses the concept of “power distance” to describe how power is
distributed and how hierarchy is perceived in different cultures. In her previous work environment, Gabriela was
used to a high power distance culture where power and authority are respected and everyone has their rightful
place. In such a culture, leaders make the big decisions and are not often challenged. Her Swedish team, however,
were used to working in a low power distance culture where subordinates often work together with their bosses to
find solutions and make decisions. Here, leaders act as coaches or mentors who encourage independent thought
and expect to be challenged.
When Gabriela became aware of the cultural differences between her and her team, she took the initiative
to have an open conversation with them about their feelings about her leadership. Pleased to be asked for their
thoughts, Gabriela’s team openly expressed that they were not used to being told what to do. They enjoyed having
more room for initiative and creative freedom.
With a better understanding of the underlying reasons behind each other’s behaviour, Gabriela and her team
were able to adapt their way of working. Gabriela was then able to make adjustments to her management style so
as to better fit the expectations of her team and more effectively motivate her team to achieve their goals.
36．Gabriela found it a challenge to manage her new team because her Swedish team ____________.
A．preferred discussions to giving opinionsB．lacked clear communication guidelines
C．valued cooperative decision-making D．tended to keep a leader at a distance
37．The word “hierarchical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____________.
A．structured B．external C．de-centralised D．short-sighted
38．Which of the following describes behaviors typical in a low power distance culture?
① The manager acts as a guide but encourages input from the team.
② Team members do not usually challenge the manager.
③ The manager involves the team in making decisions together.④ The manager has a lot of control over what happens.
⑤ Team members can take the initiative to do things their way.
A．①④⑤ B．②③④ C．①③⑤ D．③④⑤
39．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Strict hierarchies ensure successful projects globally.
B．Power distance solves cultural conflicts effectively.
C．Swedish teams resist leadership due to lower expectation.
D．Cultural hierarchy gaps require adapting management styles.
B
The Annual Ig Nobel Prizes Honor Special Scientific Achievements
On Sept 12, the 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were awarded in the US. Created in 1991 by Marc Abrahams, a writer
in the US, these prizes honor scientific studies that “make people laugh, then think”. Here are some winners from
this year.
Not as old as you thinkA healthy diet and good genes have contributed to higher life
expectancy around the world. But there is also something else, such as mistakes in
demographic (人口的) data and possible pension fraud.
Saul Justin Newman from the UK found almost 80 percent of the people over 110 years
old have no birth certificate. In the US, over 500 people claim to be over 110, but only seven
have birth certificates.
So the number of very old people might be exaggerated. Some people may even be lying
about their birth for more pension.
“Side effect” of side effectsMedicine often has side effects that add to patients’
discomfort. So a perfect treatment should have no side effects at all, right?
Not necessarily. A team led by Lieven Schenk in Germany did an experiment. They made
two fake medicines. Neither could reduce pain, and the second type could cause a burning
feeling in the nose. The team then asked 77 healthy volunteers to randomly take one of the
medicines, after which they would receive a “dose” of pain.
The scientists found that those taking the second type of medicine reported less pain.
They had felt the burning and took it as a sign of the medicine “working”. The research showed
that in such cases, side effects may not be a bad thing.
Plant that can “see” and imitateIn 2013, scientists discovered a strange vine called
Boquila trifoliolata (勃奎拉藤). It could change the shape of its leaves to look like other plants
nearby. Jacob White in the US and Felipe Yamashita in Germany wanted to know why. They
planted the vine under a shelf, and placed a plastic plant above the shelf. As the vine grew taller,
only the part of it that reached over the shelf looked like the plastic plant.
Therefore, the scientists suggested that some plants could “see” what’s happening around
them and imitate the shapes of neighboring plants.
40．Which of the following statements about the Ig Nobel Prizes is TRUE?A．The Ig Nobel Prizes are held every three years.
B．The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes were intended to remember the founder.
C．The Ig Nobel Prizes honor amusing but inspiring scientific studies.
D．The 2024 Ig Nobel Prizes have three winners covering different fields.
41．Which of the following is a reason for the growing number of very old people worldwide?
A．Economic development enables people to live longer.
B．People claim to be older in order to get their birth certificate.
C．A majority of the supposed old people can’t prove their real age.
D．Older people are so forgetful that they don’t remember their birth date.
42．By doing the “side-effect” experiment on volunteers, scientists find that ________.
A．side effects of a medicine are annoying and unavoidable
B．the second type of medicine is more effective than the first
C．the two fake medicines can actually work to relieve the pain
D．the side effects can lead people to think that the medicine works
C
Beneath its icy surface, the Antarctic Ocean — a vast and remote wilderness — houses a hidden world of
microscopic life, including clouds of krill (磷虾). These tiny creatures, just a few inches long, are among the
most plentiful and important animals on Earth.
Rod Downie, chief polar adviser at WWF-UK, describes Antarctic krill as the “superheroes of the
Southern Ocean.” They serve as a critical food source for marine wildlife, including whales, penguins, seals, and
seabirds. They feed on microscopic plants in sea ice, which absorb CO , and are in turn eaten by whales. When
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whales release waste, it fertilizes marine plants that help cool the planet. However, the unsustainable fishing of
krill could disturb this cycle.
Downie says, “We urgently need to protect krill habitats within a network of marine protected areas. This
project could give us a new tool to help monitor and safeguard this vital species.”
But monitoring these organisms presents a grand challenge for scientists. Traditional methods, such as ship-
based surveys and sampling, are time-consuming, expensive, and geographically limited. Scientists are using
slight differences in seawater colour to count Antarctic krill from space. Dr Cait McCarry, a researcher from the
University of Strathclyde, recently returned from Antarctica, where she conducted experiments to measure this
effect. She explained, “We start with seawater, then add a krill and measure how much light the water absorbs.Then we add another krill and take another measurement.” This process helps scientists understand how krill
concentration affects ocean colour, enabling them to track krill populations from space.
The technology isn’t without its limitations. Factors such as cloud cover, sea ice, and variations in water
clarity can affect the accuracy of satellite measurements. Furthermore, while satellite data provides information
about the overall biomass, it doesn’t provide detailed information on the species composition or the health of
individual organisms. And in such cases, field studies, with its unique capacity for on-the-ground investigation,
are ready to assume an essential role for a more comprehensive understanding.
From the seemingly insignificant variations in seawater color to the complex interplay of life within the
Antarctic food web, scientists continue to reveal the complicated workings of this vital ecosystem. Their
dedication and the innovative tools they employ offer hope for a future where we can better understand and
protect the wonders of our planet.
43．Krill are described as “superheroes of the Southern Ocean” because ______.
A．they provide an essential monitoring method
B．their vast species dominate the Antarctic Ocean
C．they regulate the temperature of Earth in a certain way
D．their movements indicate ocean temperatures precisely
44．It can be concluded that ______.
A．light absorption changes with krill concentration
B．krill’s waste helps plants absorb CO more efficiently
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C．the species of deep-sea plants are enriched due to krill
D．krill are mainly threatened by natural hunters like whales
45．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Oceanic research centers around marine life’s complex interactions.
B．Though minor now, water color changes promise future discoveries.
C．Given overfishing, greater emphasis should be laid on the composition of krill species.
D．A full understanding of krill requires integration of satellite monitoring and field studies.
46．What is the passage mainly about?
A．The urgency and challenges of studying krill.
B．The development of new methods to study krill.
C．The role of krill in the ecosystem and efforts to monitor them.
D．The impact of human activities on krill and ways to counter it.Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each
sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Rise of Plushie(毛绒玩具)Culture
It looked like a typical fish-and-chip shop. Chefs tended to frying baskets and wrapped orders in
newspaper. However, this “catch of the day” was entirely inedible. The London pop-up shop by Jellycat, a famous
plush toy brand, sold soft fish with plushie lemons instead of real seafood. 47
TikTok videos with the Plushies tag, showing different kinds of stuffed toys like cartoon characters and
creative shapes, have been watched almost 8 billion times. Crazy shopping scenes in some pop-up shops are
extremely mind-blowing. 48 . According to research firm Circana, soft toys are now the second most
popular toys in the UK, with sales jumping 58% since 2021.The global plush toy market was worth $11.7 billion
in 2023 and is expected to grow by 8% each year until 2030. The business is so profitable that Warren Buffett
bought the company behind Squishmallows in 2022, calling it a money-making “jewel”.
Surprisingly, children aren’t driving this demand. 49 . The pandemic strengthened this shift, as
isolated individuals sought comfort in nostalgic items. “Plushies bring happiness in a stressful world,” says Lucy
Dray, an online retailer. Social media influencers promote “healing your inner child” through collecting.
50 . They claim that the growing obsession with soft toys reflects a reluctance to embrace adult
responsibilities and a desire to withdraw into the comfort of childhood. However, this perspective overlooks the
deeper emotional and psychological benefits that plushies can provide. In a fast-paced, often overwhelming world,
plushies offer a connection to simpler, happier times. Rather than a sign of immaturity, the plushie craze may
simply highlight a universal human need for comfort and joy, regardless of age.
A．The target instead is “kidults” (aged 12+), accounting for over 25% of toy sales.
B．The playful concept mirrored a global trend: the world has gone soft for soft toys.
C．That is because more children turned to plush companions for emotional support.
D．Critics will argue that the plushie craze is a sign of an “infantilised” generation.
E．High prices only enhance their appeal, making them luxury collectibles.
F．Even with strict purchase limits, fans still line up for hours to get limited editions.
III. Summary Writing (10分)51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no
more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Keeping Kids Interested in Science Is a Matter of Language
Parents often delight in their children’s inborn curiosity about the world, from toddlers marveling at rolling
balls to older kids questioning why the sky is blue. But as children age, their enthusiasm for science can decrease.
Research suggests a surprising cause: the language adults use.
Well-intentioned phrases like “Let’s be scientists!” or “You’re a great scientist!” may backfire. Such
identity-focused language can faintly signal that science is reserved for “scientist-types” — often labeled as white
men. When children don’t see themselves reflected in that image, they may disengage. For example, studies show
that young girls persist longer in science tasks when encouraged with action-focused cues like “Let’s do science”
rather than identity-based phrases. This shift highlights a key insight: framing science as activities (observing,
experimenting, asking questions) rather than a fixed identity keeps curiosity alive.
So now parents are perhaps thinking, “Great, I will just focus on doing science and the actions that make up
the scientific process!” And certainly that is likely to be effective even as children transition from childhood to
adolescence and into early adulthood. But it’s also true that, around adolescence, kids are actively trying on and
ultimately forming different identities for themselves. So while identity-focused language about science might be
demotivating for young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. For
example, cueing a future identity (e. g., scientist, doctor) that is based on science motivated middle schoolers to do
more homework, and was associated with higher grades. That might be because if teens think of themselves as
scientists, then they are willing to do what it takes to be whom they want to become.
By balancing these strategies, adults can nurture both short-term curiosity and long-term passion. After all,
Science isn’t just for “scientists” — it’s a process anyone can engage in. Adjusting the language could sustain a
lifelong love of discovery.
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IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52．需要什么能进入下一轮面试？ （qualify）（汉译英）
53．人与人之间的友好关系是建立在双向奔赴基础上的。(effort) (汉译英)
54．自从他的小说在网络上走红之后，他便经历了一场“破天的富贵”，成为了文坛的新星。(since) (汉
译英)
55．旅行的意义不在于朋友圈 (Moments) 有多少点赞，而在于从每日常规中挣脱出来，重新掌控自己生
活的节奏。(not...but...) (汉译英)
V. Guided Writing （25分）
56. 假设你是明启中学的高三学生王磊，你在社区公告栏看到一则消息，社区正在征集关于“如何丰富老
年人退休生活”的意见。请你给社区负责人写一封信，内容包括：
(1) 对社区如何丰富老年人退休生活提出建议；
(2) 提出这些建议的理由。
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