ARTICLE · 1072589
小学英语高频动词150个整理:按学习和生活场景分类,常用词义+例句一次掌握
孩子背动词最容易掉进一个坑：按字母顺序从 a 背到 z，背完一个字母就忘下一个字母。150 个动词，按字母背要背 3 个月，按场景背 7 天就能脱口而出。
这篇把 150 个小学必背动词分成 12 个场景——学习、学校、玩耍、吃饭、出门、情感……一个场景一组动词，用动作演示一遍就记住一半。每条都配了英文例句和中文翻译，方便家长和孩子一起练。
一、为什么动词要按场景背
动词和名词不一样。名词按字母记没问题（看到 apple 不会和 banana 混），动词按字母记会出现一个尴尬：字母 A 开头的动词和字母 D 开头的动词，往往出现在同一个句子里。
第 1 天：abandon, ache, agree, allow, ask...
第 3 天：bring, build, burn, buy...
第 7 天：carry, catch, change, choose...
结果：150 个词背了 150 个独立的词，用句子的时候一个也想不起来。
学习场景：study, learn, read, write, count...
吃饭场景：eat, drink, cook, taste, share...
玩耍场景：play, run, jump, swim, throw...
结果：一个场景下的 15 个词，是一组动作，配套记住。
按场景背的好处不只是好记——更重要的是容易用起来。孩子看到吃饭场景的图片，嘴巴里能蹦出 eat / drink / cook / taste / share 整组动词；看到玩耍场景，能说出 jump / run / throw / catch 一整套动作。
二、学习场景（15 个动词）
学校和家庭里最常用的 15 个学习动词。写作业、上课、自学都离不开它们。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| study | I study English every day. | ||
| learn | I learn a new song. | ||
| read | I read a book at night. | ||
| write | I write in my notebook. | ||
| draw | I draw a picture of a cat. | ||
| count | I count the apples. | ||
| remember | I remember the new words. | ||
| understand | I understand the question. | ||
| spell | Can you spell "apple"? | ||
| pronounce | Please pronounce this word. | ||
| repeat | Please repeat after me. | ||
| translate | Translate this sentence, please. | ||
| explain | Can you explain it again? | ||
| check | Let me check your answers. | ||
| memorize | I memorize ten words a day. |
三、学校场景（15 个动词）
上课、写作业、做活动都用得上的 15 个动作词。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | I go to school at 7:30. | ||
| come | Please come to my desk. | ||
| sit | Please sit down. | ||
| stand | Stand up, please. | ||
| open | Open your books, please. | ||
| close | Close your books, please. | ||
| put | Put your hand up. | ||
| take | Take out a pencil. | ||
| bring | Bring your homework to school. | ||
| carry | Carry the books to the library. | ||
| do | Do the exercises on page 5. | ||
| work | I work hard at math. | ||
| finish | Finish your test first. | ||
| start | Class starts at 8 o'clock. | ||
| begin | Let's begin the lesson. |
四、吃饭场景（15 个动词）
一日三餐加上请客聚会都会用到的动词。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| eat | I eat breakfast at 7. | ||
| drink | I drink milk every morning. | ||
| cook | Mom cooks dinner for us. | ||
| taste | Taste the soup, please. | ||
| smell | The bread smells good. | ||
| feed | I feed the cat every day. | ||
| share | Share the cake with me. | ||
| wash | Wash your hands before eating. | ||
| pour | Pour me a glass of water. | ||
| mix | Mix the flour and water. | ||
| try | Try this apple pie. | ||
| order | Can I order a hamburger? | ||
| serve | Mom serves us dinner. | ||
| cut | Cut the apple in half. | ||
| add | Add some sugar, please. |
五、家庭场景（12 个动词）
起床、睡觉、收拾屋子、做家务，每天都要用的 12 个动词。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| sleep | I sleep at 9 every night. | ||
| wake | I wake up at 6:30. | ||
| brush | Brush your teeth twice a day. | ||
| sweep | Sweep the floor, please. | ||
| tidy | Tidy your room now. | ||
| clean | Clean the table, please. | ||
| make | Make the bed in the morning. | ||
| fix | Dad fixes the TV. | ||
| turn | Turn off the light. | ||
| lock | Lock the door at night. | ||
| fold | Fold your clothes neatly. | ||
| water | Water the flowers every day. |
六、玩耍与运动场景（18 个动词）
课间、周末、运动会全用得上。这组是孩子玩得最开心的 18 个动词。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| play | I play football on Sundays. | ||
| run | I run fast. | ||
| jump | Jump over the box. | ||
| swim | I can swim very well. | ||
| dance | She dances beautifully. | ||
| climb | Climb the tree carefully. | ||
| throw | Throw the ball to me. | ||
| catch | Catch the ball! | ||
| kick | Kick the ball hard. | ||
| hit | Hit the ball with the racket. | ||
| skip | Skip the rope 100 times. | ||
| ride | I ride a bike to school. | ||
| race | I race with my friends. | ||
| exercise | Exercise every day. | ||
| win | I win the game. | ||
| lose | Don't lose hope. | ||
| hide | Hide behind the door. | ||
| reach | Reach for the stars. |
七、情绪与感受场景（15 个动词）
表达喜欢、不喜欢、开心、担心的 15 个动词。这组词搭配一般现在时（喜欢什么、想要什么）用得最多。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| like | I like apples. | ||
| love | I love my family. | ||
| want | I want a new bike. | ||
| hope | I hope you are well. | ||
| miss | I miss my grandma. | ||
| enjoy | I enjoy listening to music. | ||
| dislike | I dislike cold weather. | ||
| hate | I hate doing homework. | ||
| prefer | I prefer juice to milk. | ||
| choose | Choose the red one, please. | ||
| decide | I decide to study harder. | ||
| agree | I agree with you. | ||
| feel | I feel happy today. | ||
| worry | Don't worry about it. | ||
| mind | Do you mind my sitting here? |
这组里有 8 个动词不能用现在进行时（和上次一般现在时那篇对应）：like / love / want / hope / miss / enjoy / dislike / hate。考试最爱挖的坑就是 "I am liking..." 这种错误——孩子一看到 now 就上 be + doing，正好踩进去。具体看第十四节"4 大坑"。
八、沟通与表达场景（12 个动词）
说话、问问题、回答、叫人——日常对话全靠这 12 个动词。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| say | Say it again, please. | ||
| tell | Tell me a story. | ||
| talk | Talk quietly in class. | ||
| speak | Speak English, please. | ||
| shout | Don't shout in class. | ||
| whisper | Whisper the answer to me. | ||
| smile | Smile at me, please. | ||
| laugh | The children laugh happily. | ||
| cry | The baby cries at night. | ||
| call | Call me tomorrow. | ||
| ask | Ask the teacher. | ||
| answer | Please answer my question. |
say / tell / speak / talk 容易混：say 强调"说了什么内容"，tell 强调"告诉某人"，speak 强调"说某种语言"，talk 强调"在和某人聊。考试 4 选 1 的题最爱考这一组。详见第十四节"4 大坑"。
九、天气与自然场景（8 个动词）
描述天气和自然变化的 8 个动词。看图写话和完形填空经常用到。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| rain | It rains a lot in summer. | ||
| snow | It often snows in winter. | ||
| blow | The wind blows the leaves away. | ||
| shine | The sun shines bright. | ||
| drop | Leaves drop in fall. | ||
| fall | Apples fall from the tree. | ||
| grow | Flowers grow in spring. | ||
| change | The weather changes quickly. |
十、出行场景（13 个动词）
上学、出门、旅行、走亲访友都要用到的 13 个动词。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| leave | I leave home at 7. | ||
| arrive | I arrive at school on time. | ||
| meet | Meet me at the gate. | ||
| visit | I visit my grandparents on weekends. | ||
| travel | I travel with my family. | ||
| drive | Dad drives to work. | ||
| walk | I walk to school. | ||
| fly | Birds fly in the sky. | ||
| return | I return home at 5. | ||
| hurry | Hurry up, or we'll be late. | ||
| cross | Cross the road carefully. | ||
| lift | Lift the box up. | ||
| push | Push the door open. |
十一、身体与健康场景（8 个动词）
看病、锻炼、不舒服的时候用得上的 8 个动词。这组搭配"my + 身体部位"出现最多。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| hurt | My head hurts. | ||
| ache | My back aches. | ||
| rest | Rest at home today. | ||
| cough | I cough a lot at night. | ||
| breathe | Breathe deeply, please. | ||
| shake | Shake the bottle. | ||
| sweat | I sweat a lot in summer. | ||
| bend | Bend down to pick it up. |
十二、请求与帮助场景（10 个动词）
向人借东西、让人递东西、叫人做事都要用这组动词。礼貌表达也在这组里。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| help | Help me, please. | ||
| lend | Can you lend me a pen? | ||
| share | Share the cake with your sister. | ||
| pass | Pass me the salt, please. | ||
| hand | Hand me the ball. | ||
| give | Give me a hand, please. | ||
| show | Show me your homework. | ||
| send | Send me a postcard. | ||
| keep | Keep the room clean. | ||
| borrow | Can I borrow your pen? |
borrow / lend 方向相反：borrow 是"我借进"，后面跟 from；lend 是"我借出"，后面跟 to。说错就变成相反方向。具体见第十四节"4 大坑"。
十三、心理状态场景（9 个动词）
表达"我知道 / 我觉得 / 我相信 / 我怀疑"——内心活动全靠这 9 个动词。
| 动词 | 意思 | 英文例句 | 中文翻译 |
|---|---|---|---|
| know | I know the answer. | ||
| think | I think it's true. | ||
| believe | I believe in myself. | ||
| forget | Don't forget your keys. | ||
| wonder | I wonder why. | ||
| doubt | I doubt his story. | ||
| imagine | Imagine a beautiful garden. | ||
| expect | I expect to see you soon. | ||
| mean | What does this word mean? |
十四、4 大最常错的使用坑
动词考试失分最高的地方，不是单词记不住，而是这 4 组"长得很像但意思不同"的动词配错了介词或方向。下面是所有错题容易掉的坑，每张卡把正确用法一次性钉死。
look 三兄弟：look at / look for / look like
look at：看（主动看某样东西）
Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。
look for：找（在找某样东西）
I look for my pen. 我找笔。
look like：像（外貌相似）
She looks like her mom. 她像妈妈。
✕ I look for the blackboard.（错：看黑板不是找黑板）
✓ I look at the blackboard.
bring / take / fetch 三词方向不同
bring：带来（朝向说话人，从别处带到说话人这里）
Bring your book here. 把书带来。
take：带走（远离说话人，从说话人这里带走）
Take the book away. 把书拿走。
fetch：去取（跑去拿来，跑一趟）
Fetch a doctor, please. 去叫医生来。
✕ Take me a glass of water.（错：从说话人这里把水拿远）
✓ Bring me a glass of water.（对：从别处把水带到说话人这里）
borrow / lend 借进借出方向相反
borrow：借入（我从别人那里借），后面跟 from
I borrow a book from Tom. 我向 Tom 借书。
lend：借出（我把东西借给别人），后面跟 to
Tom lends a book to me. Tom 借我书。
✕ Can you borrow me a pen?（错：borrow 后面不能接 me）
✓ Can you lend me a pen?（对：lend 接 me 是"借给我"）
say / tell / speak / talk 四词分工
say：说（内容），后面跟"说了什么话"
He says "hi" to me. 他对我说"hi"。
tell：告诉（某人），后面跟"听的人"和"内容"
He tells me a story. 他给我讲故事。
speak：说（语言），后面跟"语言"或"讲话"
He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。
talk：谈论（话题）/ 聊天（某人），后面跟 with / to / about
He talks to his friend. 他和朋友聊天。
✕ He says me a story.（错：say 后面不能接人）
✓ He tells me a story.
家长陪练的一条红线：不要在孩子卡词时直接给答案，问一句"这个动作发生在哪个场景"就够了。让孩子自己把动词分类一次，比告诉他 10 遍记更管用。
动词按场景记，记一次比按字母记十次牢。
4 大坑（look / bring-take-fetch / borrow-lend / say-tell-speak-talk）考前过一遍，
其余的，场景对了，动词自然就对。