ARTICLE · 1177290
初中英语语法精讲 ⑦|because 和 so 为什么不能同时出现?
初中英语语法精讲 · 第 7 期
导语
先看两个学生最常写出的句子:
❌ Although he is young, but he is brave.
❌ Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.
两个连词单看都没错,凑在一句里就是错。连词占中考单选的固定分值,更是作文里最容易提分的地方——今天把连词和并列句一次讲清。
一、先建立地图:连词分两个阵营
| 并列连词 | |||
| 从属连词 |
一句话先记住:并列连词前后是两个平起平坐的句子;从属连词只带一个"小兵"去服务主句。
二、10 个高频易错点
1. 四个基础连词,各管一件事
| and | ||
| but | ||
| or | ||
| so |
口诀:and 顺、but 转、or 选、so 果。
2. 因果只能有一个,转折也只能有一个
❌ Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. ✅ Because it was raining, we stayed at home.(因为下雨,我们待在家里。) ✅ It was raining, so we stayed at home.(下雨了,所以我们待在家里。) ❌ Although he is young, but he is brave. ✅ Although he is young, he is brave.(虽然他很年轻,但他很勇敢。)
because 和 so 只能留一个,although / though 和 but 也只能留一个。
口诀:有了 because 不要 so,有了 although 不要 but。
3. both…and 后面用复数谓语
✅ Both Tom and Jim are from Beijing.(汤姆和吉姆都来自北京。) ❌ Both Tom and Jim is from Beijing.
both…and 把两个人加在一起,等于"他们俩",谓语要用复数。
口诀:both…and 一出现,谓语动词就用复数。
4. either…or / neither…nor / not only…but also:就近原则
谓语动词跟离得最近的那个主语走:
✅ Either you or he is right.(要么你对,要么他对。) ✅ Neither Tom nor his friends are late.(汤姆和他的朋友们都没迟到。) ✅ Not only the students but also the teacher likes the film.(不仅学生们,老师也喜欢这部电影。)
口诀:either/or、neither/nor、not only/but also——谓语跟着最近的主语跑。
5. 否定句里用 or,不用 and
❌ I don't like tea and coffee. → ✅ I don't like tea or coffee.(我茶和咖啡都不喜欢。) ✅ He can't swim or skate.(他不会游泳,也不会滑冰。)
肯定句里"和"用 and,否定句里"和"要用 or。
口诀:肯定用 and,否定用 or。
6. neither 自己就是"也不",后面别再添 not
neither = not + either,本身已经是否定:
✅ Neither of them is at home.(他们俩都不在家。) ❌ Neither of them isn't at home.
顺便记一条:both 的否定就是 neither——"两个都不"用 neither,不用 both…not。
口诀:neither 自带否定,后面别再加 not。
7. 祈使句 + and / or:and 是"就会",or 是"否则"
✅ Work hard, and you will pass the exam.(努力学习,你就能通过考试。) ✅ Hurry up, or you will be late.(快点,否则你会迟到。) ❌ If you work hard, and you will pass the exam.
后面那半句是一个句子(you will…),前面用祈使句开头时,中间只能接 and 或 or,不能再加 if。
口诀:and 就、or 否;祈使句后面别再加 if。
8. and 连起来的两个部分要对称
❌ She likes singing and to dance. → ✅ She likes singing and dancing.(她喜欢唱歌和跳舞。) ❌ He is good at maths and he likes English. → ✅ He is good at maths and English.(他擅长数学和英语。)
and 前后词性、形式要一样:名词配名词,动名词配动名词。
口诀:and 前后要一样,名词配名词,doing 配 doing。
9. 两个完整的句子,中间只加逗号是错的
❌ I was tired, I went to bed early. ✅ I was tired, so I went to bed early.(我累了,所以早早上床。) ✅ I was tired. I went to bed early.
逗号不能单独连接两个完整的句子,中间必须有 and / but / or / so 这样的并列连词。这是写作里最容易被扣句法分的地方。
口诀:逗号后面接句子,必须有连词站岗。
10. 作文里别只会 and 和 so
同一种关系,可以换不同的说法,作文立刻好看一档:
| not only…but also…;What's more(而且) | |
| but;however(however 后面要加逗号) | |
| because;because of + 名词 | |
| so;As a result(结果) |
He is young. What's more, he is very brave.(他很年轻,而且非常勇敢。)
口诀:一篇作文,and 不超过三处,换点花样就提一档。
三、中考风格演练(4 题)
1. ______ he is only ten years old, he can cook very well. A. Although B. But C. Because D. So
答案:A 解析:前后是"让步"关系,用从属连词 Although 引导从句。But 和 So 是并列连词,不能放在句首引导一个从句;选 Because 逻辑不通。
2. Either you or your sister ______ the dishes today. A. wash B. washes C. are washing D. have to wash
答案:B 解析:either…or 遵循"就近原则",离谓语最近的主语是 your sister(第三人称单数),所以用 washes。
3. Hurry up, ______ you will miss the early bus. A. and B. or C. so D. but
答案:B 解析:"快点,否则你就会错过早班车",or 在这里表示"否则"。用 and 就变成"快点,你就会错过",意思反了。
4. 短文改错:Although it was very cold, but we still went out to play football.
答案:删去 but 解析:Although 已经引导让步从句,主句前不能再加并列连词 but,一句里只能有一个转折连词。
四、随堂练习(5 题)
1. Both my parents ______ doctors in the same hospital. A. is B. are C. was D. has
2. I don't like coffee ______ tea. I only drink water. A. and B. or C. but D. so
3. — Which do you like better, tea ______ juice? — Tea, please. A. and B. or C. but D. so
4. 用所给词的正确形式填空:Neither Tom nor his friends ______ (be) at home now.
5. 短文改错:Because he was ill, so he didn't come to school.
参考答案
- B
。both…and 连接两个主语时,谓语用复数,所以选 are。 - B
。否定句里表示"和"要用 or,不用 and。 - B
。选择疑问句用 or 连接两个选项,不能用 and。 - are
。neither…nor 遵循就近原则,最近的主语 his friends 是复数,用 are。 - 删去 so
。Because 已经表示原因,主句前不能再加 so,一句里只能有一个因果连词。
五、一句话总结
连词与并列句就记三条:
- 分工
:and 顺、but 转、or 选、so 果;because 不带 so,although 不带 but。 - 一致
:both…and 用复数;either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also 用就近原则,谓语跟最近的主语走。 - 标点与写作
:逗号不能单独连两个句子,必须加连词;否定句里用 or 不用 and;作文里 and 不超过三处。
下期预告: 情态动词——must 提问为什么不能用 mustn't 回答?can、may、must 表示"推测"时,谁的语气最强?八个情态动词,一次分清。
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