ARTICLE · 1218709
grammar系列7——高中英语 现在分词作定语 -ing as attributive,让表达更简洁更紧凑
一、例句展示：
① There were over 200000 people reading my blog.
② I'd love to photograph the risingsun
③ There were over 200,000 people who read my blog.
④ I love to photograph the sun that is rising.
大家思考下：
In sentence ① who read the blog ？（people）
In sentence ② what's is rising？（the sun）
Do sentence① and ③ have the same meaning?（Yes）
Do sentence② and ④ have the same meaning?（Yes）
二、概念介绍：
现在分词作定语-ing as attributive：表主动、正在进行的动作。
三、详细分析：
1. 使用位置：
①前置定语：如例句②，单个 doing，放在名词前面 a rising sun，例：a running river 奔流的河（river 主动 run，正在流淌） a sleeping boy 熟睡的男孩等
② 后置定语：如例句①，doing 短语（带宾语 / 状语），放在名词后面 people reading my blog，例：The girl standing by the door is my sister. 站在门边的女孩是我姐姐。 → the girl 发出 stand，主动；动作正在发生
2. 是否可以改成定语从句？
现在分词作定语，是定语从句的简化形式，部分场景下可以把从句简化为 doing。
① The girl who is standing there is my sister. = The girl standing there is my sister.
② The man who lives next door is a doctor. = The man living next door is a doctor.
③ The boy who broke the window is Tom.（过去动作，不能改成the boy breaking the window）
④ The meeting that will be held tomorrow（→将来动作，不能改成the meeting being held tomorrow，可改成之前学过的”to do”形式：the meeting to be held）
由此可见：定语从句时态灵活，且可添加状语、不同连接词，信息丰富；只有部分表示主动且正在进行 / 长期状态的定语从句，适合简化表达为-ing形式。
四、语法难点：
1. 被动形式 being done的用法：
the bridge being built 正在建造的桥 = the bridge which is being built
the problem being discussed 正在被讨论的问题 = the problem which is being discussed
2.常见-ing前置定语
a running river 奔流的河
a sleeping baby 熟睡的婴儿
a falling leaf 正在飘落的叶子
a shining star 闪亮的星星
a developing country 发展中国家
an exciting story 令人激动的故事
a surprising result 令人惊讶的结果
3.常见-ing后置定语
the girl standing at the door 站在门口的女孩
the man waiting for the bus 等公交车的男人
the students living in the dormitory 住在宿舍的学生
the house facing the park 面朝公园的房子
the news spreading in our school 在学校传播的消息
people enjoying the concert 欣赏音乐会的人们
五、总结巩固：
1.含义：表主动；动作正在进行或事物长期固有状态。
2.位置：单个 - ing 单词：前置，名词前面，例：a developing country
-ing 短语（带宾语 / 状语）：后置，名词后面，例：the girl standing there
3.逻辑关系：被修饰名词是 - ing 的逻辑主语（名词发出这个动作）。
4.被动形式 being done（后置定语）：正在被…… the bridge being built
