英语一翻译真题 2012

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2012 英语一翻译真题

Translation

(46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme

,and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.

（47）Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained begin.

（48）To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

(49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.

(50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.

自己分析结构再看解析...

【解析】

(46) In physics, one approach takesthis impulse for unification to its extreme,and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation forall we see.

【词汇积累】

physics：n.物理；物理学

approach：n.方法；做法

take：v.使达到，把…推向（另一个层次）

impulse：n.冲动

unification：n.统一

extreme：n.极端

generative：adj.生成的

equation：n.方程式；等式

【结构分析】

主干:[In physics],[one approach] takes [this impulse for unification] [to its extreme], and seeks[a theory of everything]

同位语（解释“万有理论”是什么）:— [a single generative equation for all (that) we see].

【参考译文】

在物理学中，有一种方法将这种（追求）统一的冲动发挥到了极致，它试图寻找一个“万有理论”——一个单一的能够解释我们所见万物的生成方程式。

（47）Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, forif all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained begin.

【词汇积累】

Darwinism：n.达尔文学说

offer：v.提供

justification：n.证明为正当

share：v.共有

origin：n.起源

reasonable：adj.合理的

suppose：v.（根据所知）认为，推断

diversity：n.多样性

be traced to：追溯到

【结构分析】

主句：Darwinism seems to offer justification

原因状语从句：for

条件状语从句(if)：if all humans share common origins,

原因从句的主干：it seems reasonable to suppose

宾语从句(that)：that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.

【参考译文】

在这一点上，达尔文主义似乎提供了一个理由：因为如果全人类同宗同源，那么似乎有理由认为，文化的多样性同样可以追溯到一些更具限制性的起源。

（48）To filter out what is unique from whatis shared might enable us to understandhow complex cultural behaviour aroseand what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.

【词汇积累】

filter out：过滤出

unique：adj.唯一的；独一无二的

complex：adj.复杂的

arise：v.发生；产生

guide：v.指引

evolutionary：adj.进化的

cognitive：adj.认知的

in…terms：从…方面（来讲）；就…而言

【结构分析】

主语:To filter out [宾语从句A] from [宾语从句B]

谓语: might enable

间接宾语:us

直接宾语: to understand [宾语从句1] and [宾语从句2].

【参考译文】

如果能把那些独特的现象从共享的现象中剔除，我们或许就能理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，以及从进化或认知的角度来看，究竟是什么因素在引导着它的发展。

(49) The second effort, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, whichare considered to represent biasesthatresult from cognitive constraints.

【词汇积累】

universality普遍性(这里是指语言的)

cognitiveconstraints认知限制

empirical：adj.经验主义的

identify：v.确认

word order：（受语法规则支配及影响意思的）词序

represent：v.代表

bias：n.倾向；偏好

【结构分析】

主干:The second effort], by Joshua Greenberg,takes [a more empirical approach to universality],

伴随状语（说明“如何采用此法”）：...identifying [traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages],

非限制性定语从句（补充说明这些“traits”是什么）：[which] are considered to represent biases

定语从句（说明“biases”的来源）：... biasesthat result from cognitive constraints.

【参考译文】

第二次努力是由乔舒亚.格林堡做出的，她这次采用更为经验主义的方法来研究语言的普遍性，确定了多种语言(尤其是语法词序方面)的共同特征，这些特征被认为是代表了由认知限制产生的倾向。

(50) Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language changethatare independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.