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余姚中学 2024 学年第二学期质量检测高二英语 学科试卷
命题：陈 川 审题：韩蓉蓉
第一部分听力（共两节, 满分 30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题 1.5分, 满分 7.5分）
听下面 5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选
项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读
下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Howmuchistheshirt?
A.£19.15 B.£9.18 C.£9.45
答案是C。
1.Wherearethespeakers?
A.Inacar. B.Athome. C.Atacafé.
2.Whatisprobablythewoman?
A.Acook. B.Awaitress. C.Abaker.
3.Whyisthewomanworried?
A.Sheisn’tpreparedforapicnic.
B.Shecaresabouttheman’ssafety.
C.Shecan’tavoiddangerousanimals.
4.Whatisthewomandoing?
A.Interviewingacandidate. B.Assigningacopyingtask. C.Conductingafinancialtest.
5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?
A.Thedifferencesamonglanguages.
B.Therelationbetweenlanguagesandminds.
C.ThedebateabouttheoriginsofGermanandDutch.
第二节 供15小题；每小题 1.5分, 满分 22.5分）
听下面 5段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选
出最 佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小
题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第 6、7题。
6.Whathappenedtothewoman?
A.Herarmwasburned. B.Herarmwasdislocated. C.Herarmwoundwasinfected.
7.Whatwillthemanprobablydoforthewoman?
A.Applyicetocoolherarm.
B.Calltheemergencyservices.
C.Coverherarmwithacleanplasticbag.
第 1 页 共 10 页听第7段材料, 回答第 8、9题。
8.WhatdidSimondoinbothArgentinaandSouthKorea?
A.Workasavolunteer. B.Continuehisstudy C.Teachalanguage.
9.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenSimonandSally?
A.Friends. B.Husbandandwife. C.Teacherandstudent.
听第8段材料, 回答第 10至13题。
10.Howdidthewomanknowabouttheresearch?
A.Fromamagazine. B.Fromhergrandmother. C.FromaTVprogram.
11.Howoldisthewomannow?
A.Inherforties. B.Inherfifties. C.Inhereighties.
12.WhatdoesthemanthinkofJack?
A.Healwayskeepshispromise.
B.Heisgoodatplayingbadminton.
C.Hepaysmuchattentiontoexercise.
13.Whenwillthespeakersplaybadminton?
A.ThisFriday. B.ThisSaturday. C.NextMonday.
听第9段材料, 回答第 14至17题。
14.Whatdidthemandolastweek?
A.Hegotsomeguidance. B.Hevisitedafirefighter. C.Hemadeaplan.
15.Howmanysuggestionshasthemangiventothewoman?
A.One. B.Two. C.Three.
16.WhatproblemdoesFrankhave?
A.Heisn’tgoodatsinging.
B.Heisafraidofperforminginpublic.
C.Hecan’tdowellinorganizingactivities.
17.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?
A.Howtochoosetherightcareer.
B.Howtotakeacareertest.
C.Howtoachievework-lifebalance.
听第10段材料, 回答第 18至20题。
18.Whydokillerwhalesattackboatsaccordingtothespeaker?
A.Toprotectthemselves. B.Tohavesomepleasure. C.Togetthingsfromboats.
19.WhathappenedonSundayeveningoffthecoastofSouthernCalifornia?
A.Aboatwasmissing. B.Asharkgotinjured. C.Asharkattackedasurfer.
20.Whichcountryranksthirdintermsofsharkencountersinthetalk?
A.TheUSA. B.SouthAfrica. C.Australia.
第 2 页 共 10 页第二部分阅读理解（共两节, 满分 50分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题 2.5分, 满分 37.5分）
阅读下列短文从每题所给的 A、B、C 和D四个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂
黑。
A
FixingtheClimate:StrategiesforanUncertainWorld
ByCharlesF.Sabel
The climate crisis poses a problem of global action that governments have sought to address through
high-level international negotiations. There are arrangements, such as the 2015 Paris Agreement, reductions in
emissions and comprehensive plans for meeting those targets. The author argues that these strategies are failing
because they provide inadequate opportunities for experimentation. Since the route to successful emissions
reduction is uncertain, experimentation, which inspires the emergence of new technologies and approaches is
essential.
SocialMedia,FreedomofSpeech,andtheFutureofOurDemocracy
ByLeeC.Bollinger
The evolution of social media threatens the freedoms of speech. The author concludes that First Amendment
Law(第一修正案) can adapt to this new technology as it has to new media in the past. Hate speech and false and
misleading information may be legally protected, but placing limitations on the algorithms(算法) and artificial
intelligence(AI) used to spread such speech would be beneficial and acceptable. In the author’s view, such social
platforms controlled by a few companies pose “extraordinary risks” to democracy and a responsible reform in
relevantlaws,theauthorconcludes,isbothpossibleandnecessary.
TheGreatWarandtheBirthofModernMedicine
ByThomasHelling
It is one of the paradoxes of war that the enormous efforts put into harming people often give rise to medical
breakthroughs and great progress in the treatment of the wounded. This valuable and thoroughly interesting study,
informed by the author’s own experience of military surgery, contributes to the history of both World War I and
modern medicine. It was notjust new techniques that made the difference but also new medical facilities that were
movedclosertothefrontlinessothatsoldierscouldbetreatedasquicklyaspossible.
21. AccordingtoCharlesSabel,whydothestrategiestodealwithclimatecrisisfail?
A. Thecrisisofclimateisaglobalproblem.
B. Thesolutiontoreducingemissionsisuncertain.
C. Thestrategiesdon’tallowofenoughexperimentation.
D. Thegovernmentsshowinadequatecommitmenttothestrategies.
22. WhatdoesLeeC.Bollingeradvocatedoinginhisbook?
A. Adaptinglawstolimitthespreadofharmfulinformation.
B. Pushingtheevolutionofsocialmediatoremovethethreat.
C. Puttingabanonthehatespeechandmisleadinginformation.
第 3 页 共 10 页D. ReplacingthealgorithmsandAIusedtoprotectonlinespeech.
23.WhichofthefollowingmayThomasHellingagreewith?
A. Everycoinhastwosides.
B. Agoodmedicinetastesbitter.
C. Timeandtidewaitfornoman.
D. Falsefriendsareworsethanbitterenemies.
B
The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that children, pregnant women and people with weak
immune systems suffer the most from the mpox (猴痘) outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Reports confirm that children under five account for 39% of all cases in the country, and babies as young as two
weeksarebeingdiagnosedwiththisviralillness.
Why is the DRC outbreak affecting children so badly? Because of conflict, political instability and insecurity,
large parts of the DRC have not had stable, consistent, sustained health responses or health prevention.As a result,
it’shardtocontrolinfectiousdiseaseslikempox.
In addition, children in any outbreak setting are already vulnerable given their immature and still-developing
immune systems, especially under the age of five. Besides all the above factors, living in a country where mpox is
consistentlypresent,exposurethroughcontactwithanimals,whichisamorecommonmeansofmpoxtransmission,
andnothavingthebenefitofavaccinealsocontributetotheproblem.
Toprotectthe vulnerable from the mpox outbreak, children must be specifically targeted.This is becausethey
are a primary population of concern that can develop severe and fatal disease. The health system and healthcare
workers must make it as easy as possible to get parents or caregivers to bring children in. This includes addressing
theinconveniencesofleavingtheircommunitiestoseekcare.
Another factor which might prevent the infected from getting the care they should have is the stigma
connected to mpox. The symptoms of mpox are quite noticeable and unfortunately draw negative attention and
treatment by society and health workers, which makes parents and caregivers hesitant to seek care. The media,
includinginternationalmedia, have beenfeeding intothis – especiallyforAfrican peoplewith mpox – andit needs
tostop.
Finally,avaccinationprogramfocusedontheyoungneedstoberolledouttostemtransmission.Buttherestill
existmajorchallenges.
24. Whichofthefollowingisn’tafactorthatputschildreninDRCatrisk?
A. Lackofhealthcare.
B. Regularexposuretoanimals.
C. Thelargepopulationofchildren.
D. Relativelyweakimmunesystem.
25. Theunderlinedwordcanbereplacedby________.
A. challenge B.discrimination C.after-effect D.severity
26. Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemedia’sreportsonmpox?
A. Critical. B.Conservative C.Ambiguous D.Supportive
第 4 页 共 10 页27. Whichofthefollowingmightbeapropertitleofthispassage?
A. WhyAreInfectiousDiseasesSoHardtoControlinAfrica?
B. MoreAttentionNeedstoBePaidtothePreventionofMpox
C. ChildrenintheDRCAreatGreaterRiskFromtheMpoxOutbreak
D. MeasuresAreNeededtoBringInfectiousDiseasesUnderControl
C
Cheese could be healthier in the future now that microbiologists in Brazil have discovered three novel strains
ofprobioticbacteria(益生菌)insamplesoftraditionalcheeses.
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when eaten in food, may remain in the gut (肠道). People who have
lots of—and lots of different types of—probiotic bacteria and yeasts in their gut are thought to have healthy
microbiomes,i.e.,microbialcommunities.
A healthy gut microbiome is associated with good mental health, a strong immune system, regular gut
movements anda loweredrisk of many diseases andchronic conditions.Many so-called healthfoodsare probiotic,
including kombucha, miso, sauerkraut, kefir, Greek yogurt and other fermented (发酵的) or pickled (腌制的)
foods.
Food scientist Cristian Mauricio, the first author of the study, said in a statement that these three strains were
selected because they were believed "to have the best fermentative, enzymatic (酶) properties," according to
previousresearchconductedattheFoodTechnologyInstitute.
Heexplainedthatthescientists thenstudiedhowthecheeseschanged over45daysofripeningandtheyfound
thatnone of the three strains significantly affected the composition of the cheese,in terms of fatty acid and protein
profiles, which were confirmed to be safe for human consumption and probiotic. Furthermore, the bacteria seemed
toinhibitthegrowthofdisease-promotingmicroorganisms.
"This kindofmicroorganismiseasytoproduceindustrially,"Barreto continued."Researchalongtheselinesis
relevanttotheneedsofthecheeseindustry,whichhassignificantgrowthpotential"
Barreto said that, while large companies had the microbial culture technology to supply probiotics to Brazil,
smaller companies would benefit from being able to produce these probiotics themselves so their traditional
products could compete on the market. However, more researches are required before they can be used
commercially.
28. Whatdoparagraph2andparagraph3mainlytalkabout?
A. thepreviousknowledgeaboutprobiotics
B. theworkingprincipleofmicroorganisms
C. theprocessofcultivatingprobioticbacteria
D. theorganizationofhuman’simmunesystem
29. HowdidCristianMauriciodeterminetheresearchsubjectofthisstudy?
A. Heconsultedfamousfoodscientists.
B. Hestudiedsometraditionalhealthyfood.
C. Hereferredtotheresultsofformerresearches.
D. Heanalyzedanumberofdifferentstrainsofbacteria.
第 5 页 共 10 页30. Whatwasthefindingoftheresearch?
A. Thebacteriaacceleratedtheripeningprocessofcheese.
B. Thebacteriachangedthecompositionofcheeseforthebetter.
C. Thebacteriahadapotentialtotransformfattyacidintoprotein.
D. Thebacteriacouldinhibitthebreedingofsomeharmfulmicroorganisms.
31. Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?
A. Theoverallmarketofcheesewillremainthesame.
B. CristianMauriciowilldomoreresearchesonprobiotics.
C. Thebacteriastudiedinthisresearchwillbeputintothemarketsoon.
D. Smallcompanieswillfacegreaterchallengestosurviveinthefuture.
D
A group of scientists, including people from the Royal Society of Chemistry, recently proposed that
experiences such as licking (舔舐) an ice lolly (冰棍) should be part of the science class. By licking a lolly and
seeing how it melts – the idea goes – children would better learn about melting, and therefore about chemistry and
physics.
Butsimplylicking a lolly,orexperiences suchaskneading dough, playing with shadowsactually doesn’thelp
students to learn science. Using examples and demonstrations in the classroom can be a helpful approach towards
deeperunderstanding,butit’snotashortcuttoknowledge.
Theideaoflearningthroughexperienceshasalonghistory.It’sperhapsmostcloselyassociatedwith thework
of educator John Dewey in the early 20th century. Dewey and other educators of the time were concerned that an
emphasis on rote (死记硬背) learning would lead to “inert (惰性的) knowledge”: facts that students wouldn’t be
abletoapplytotherealworld.
An experience like licking a lolly may at least be memorable – especially if you’d never done it before.
However, there is a difference between having memories for events and having knowledge. For example, between
havingpersonallylivedthroughtheFrenchRevolutionandknowingwhathappenedincludingitsoriginandeffects,
the latter involves a different type of memories – structured memories. These are based on understanding how
things work and what they mean. It is the type of memory that is at play when you use a word such as “heavy”,
unconnectedto a specific heavy object. Such understandings are essentialto both scientific learning and our use of
language.
If you stop to think about it, most of your knowledge can’t be clearly tied to one particular experience.
Learning is usually not a one-shot process – think of how much experience a gardener needs before they “know”
how plants grow and thrive. These semantic memories derive from a combination of lots of experiences, and
sometimes,fromcomparingandcontrastingdifferentthings:thedifferencebetweentwotypes ofplants,orbetween
anicelollyandanicecream.Understandingscienceoranythingelseisnotjustaboutrememberingexperiences.
To profit most from first-hand experience, learners need sufficient prior knowledge to understand what is
happeningwhentheyobservesomethinginclass.Ifwewantstudentstobuilduptheirknowledgeofscienceandbe
able to use it in future, it’s vitalthat the focus is on strategies thathelped them to transform whatthey observe into
structuredknowledge.
第 6 页 共 10 页32. Whatdoestheauthorthinkoflearningphysicsthroughlickinganicelolly?
A. Ineffective B.Innovative C.Impressive D.Informative
33. Whatdoesthewriterthinkmightbethetheoreticalbasisoflearningthroughexperience?
A. Aneducator’sworkpublishedinthe20thcentury
B. Thepracticalexperienceofanumberofteachers
C. Examplesanddemonstrationscollectedfromschools
D. Worksandresearchesdoneinthehistory
34. WhatdoestheauthorwanttoconveybymentioningtheFrenchRevolution?
A. Understandinghowthingsworkisthekeytolearning.
B. Experientialmemoriesdoesn’tnecessarilyleadtoknowledge.
C. Learningdifferentthingsrequiresdifferenttypesofmemories.
D. Learningfromhistoricaleventsisdifferentfromlickinganicelolly.
35. Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?
A. Lickinganicelollyhasbecomeapopularwaytolearnscience.
B. Experiencereliesoncertainconditionstobenefitsciencelearning.
C. Sciencelearningisbecomingincreasinglypopularamongpupils.
D. Knowledgeandexperiencearebothimportantinsciencelearning.
第二节（共5小题;每小题 2.5分满分 12.5分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Across an average lifetime, we spendroughly eighty-two days brushingour teeth. It's an important step in our
daily routine. 36 Newsweek spoke to Dr.Smita Mehra, principal dentist atThe NeemTree Dental Practices,
tofindoutwhatmistakesmany ofusaremaking whenitcomes tobrushingourteethandwhatweshouldbedoing
instead.
Mistake1:Usingwhiteningtoothpasteeveryday
While whitening toothpastes are generally safe to use, using them every day or at high levels may have the
potentialtocausedamage.Thisisbecausetheperoxide(过氧化氢)contentinsomewhiteninggelsandtoothpastes
has the potential to cause ulcers (溃疡) if used in high quantities.” If you want to use a whitening toothpaste, seek
professionaladvicefromdentists. 37
Mistake2: 38
How many of you eat your breakfast then immediately go to the bathroom to brush your teeth? Actually,
dentists recommend that you wait about an hour before brushing your teeth after eating. This is because brushing
your teeth right after eating these foods can actually damage your enamel (牙釉质) especially when you eat food
that is acid. You are essentially brushing acid in your mouth all over your teeth.Allowing time between brushing
andconsumingfoodsallowsthesalivainyourmouthtowashawayanyacid.
Mistake3:Brushingyourteethtoohard
39 Butactuallybrushingtoohardcancontributetowornenamel,whichmaycontributetosensitivityand
gum (牙龈) disease in the long run.” The best way to brush your teeth to guarantee maximum cleaning and little
第 7 页 共 10 页damage is to brush gently but thoroughly, using a soft brush. Pressure isn't the only thing you need to consider
whenbrushingyourteeth.
Mistake4:Skippingyourbedtimebrush
While official guidelines recommend brushing your teeth twice a day, many of us consider the morning brush
to be the priority. But while your morning breath might feel worse, brushing your teeth before bed is even more
important. Never forgetto brush before bedtime. 40 In addition, while you sleep, the washing action of your
mouthi.e.,yoursalivaalsoreduces,andthereforenotmuchcleaninghappensnaturally.
A.Brushingyourteethaftereatingacidfood.
B.Brushingyourteethimmediatelyaftereating
C.Theywilldirectyouonhowoftenyoushouldbeusingwhiteningtoothpaste.
D.Roughly37millionAmericansspendbillionsofdollarseveryyearontoothcare.
E.However,manyofusaredoingitwrongwithoutnoticingthepotentialdamageitmightcause.
F.Thatisthetimewhenallofyourdinnergoesbadinyourmouthandbacteriaarehavingafieldday.
G.Manypeopleassumethatbyapplyingmorepressuretotheteeth,youaregettingridofmorebacteria.
第三部分语言运用（共两节, 满分 30分）
第一节（共15小题;每小题 1分, 满分 15分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和 D四个选项中, 选岀可以填入空白处的最佳
选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
One morning in 2001 Ellen phoned me and asked if Iwanted to go to Bosnia. I was 41 because it
hadjustexperiencedawar.
Ellen 42 andtoldmethatUNwasbadlyinwantofvolunteersthere.ItoldherIwouldthinkitover.
For the rest of the day, I was torn by 43 thoughts. Bosnia may be dangerous; do I really want to put
myself at risk? Then other 44 flashed into my mind. I liked challenges. And it was a fairyland for
marvels. If I 45 the invitation, I may never get another chance. In the end, the 46 thoughts
won.
A few weeks later, I 47 a plane to Tuzla, Bosnia where I spent three interesting weeks. After I
returned,IwasaskedifI’dliketoreturnandparticipateinanother 48 .Isaid“yes”firmly.
It is twenty years since I let my optimistic thoughts 49 my negative ones. I have finished many
othertasks in many other countriessince then.When I 50 my first Bosnia assignment, Ihad traveled
tothreeforeigncountries.Icontinuedtovolunteer 51 andmy 52 isnowfifty-eight.
If I hadlistened backin 2001to the 53 insidetellingmenottotake arisk, Iwouldn’tbetalking
aboutthis 54 now.Fortunately,Ifollowedthevoicethatsaid,“ 55 it”andIfoundabrand
newlifeaftersixty!
41. A. excited B. opposed C. nervous D. hesitant
42. A. carriedon B. showedup C. caughton D. putup
43. A. pressing B. conflicting C. frightening D. striking
44. A. schedules B. practices C. thoughts D. images
第 8 页 共 10 页45. A. turneddown B. setaside C. leftout D. tookup
46. A. former B. positive C. terrible D. awful
47. A. reserved B.guided C.piloted D.boarded
48. A. battle B.mission C.game D.duty
49. A.compare B. exchange C.defeat D.balance
50. A.accepted B.refused C. signed D. shared
51. A. internationally B.deliberately C.randomly D.occasionally
52. A.age B. count C.degree D.mark
53. A. proposal B.option C.voice D.echo
54. A.legend B.war C.dream D.experience
55. A.See B. Finish C. Help D. Take
第二节（共10小题;每小题 1.5分, 满分 15分）
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Duringmywintervacation,Iwasbound 56 themountainswithmyfriends.Oneofthe 57
(highlight) of our trip was supposed to be a challenging hike. However, things took an 58 (expect)
turn when I slipped on a 59 (freeze) stream. My leg bled seriously, and everyone present 60
(panic).
In thatremote area,calling forhelpwas 61 (practical).My friendsquickly madeastretcher(担
架) 62 (use)branchesandjackets.Theycarriedmedownthemountainforhoursuntilwereachedthe
nearestvillage, 63 thelocalshelpedcleanandbandagemywound.
This experience taught me 64 importance of staying calm in emergencies and the value of true
friendship. 65 mylegstillbearsascar,itremindsmeofthekindnessIreceivedthatday.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分 40分）
第一节应用文写作（满分 15分）
66. 你是校英语报的通讯员。上周五，学校邀请专业的救援工作者到校为同学们开展关于急救知识和技能的
讲座。请你据此写一篇英文报道，内容包括：
1. 讲座的内容； 2. 针对讲座内容的后续活动； 3. 同学们的评价。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80词左右；
2. 可适当增加细节使行文更加流畅。
ARewardingLectureonFirstAidKnowledge
第 9 页 共 10 页第二节读后续写（满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Unclaimed(无人认领的)Treasure
Iwas on my way to the park when I saw Ollie sitting on his steps.And I was aboutto greet him when hesaid
softly. “You’ll scare him away!” “Who?” I wondered, then I noticed the cutest little bird in the world just perched
there on Ollie’s shoulder. “He landed on this flowerpot,” said Ollie. “And when I bent down to make sure he was
OK, he just hopped right onto my shoulder!” I told Ollie that my cousin had a pet bird looks the same as this one,
soitmustbesomeone’slostpet.
“Hi,” I said softly to the bird. “I wish you could tell us your name.” And right then, the bird chirped back.
Olliegiggled.“Idon’texactlyspeaktobird,butI’mprettysurehejustsaidhisnameisBlue.”
And I know this sounds far-fetched (牵强的), butBlue seemed to understand—becauseright then, he chirped
more!
When Ollie’s grandma,Abuela, stepped outside and saw the bird, she was very surprised. Luckily, she knew
allaboutbirds,andshegaveusasparecage,therightkindofseed,andlotsofhelpfuladvice.Sheadvisedustoput
flyers(传单) up in our area, post a message on the neighborhood’s online bulletin board, and keep checking the
FoundAnimalsrecording.
That afternoon, Ollie and I made lots of Found Bird flyers. And Blue helped by singing songs while we
worked.
“Thank you for filling ourhome with suchbeautiful music,”Abuela told little Blue. “I’m really going to miss
youwhenyou’regone.”
“Me too!” said Ollie. “Do you think that maybe we could keep her if no one claims her? I promise I’ll clean
hercageandchangeherfoodandwateranddoallthestuffyousaidtodo!”
Abuelathoughtforabit.“Isuppose,maybe,ifnobodyclaimsher.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Thatafternoon,OllieandIputupalltheFoundBirdflyers.
Anotherweekpassed,onedaythephonerang.
第 10 页 共 10 页
