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专题04 高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空（原卷版）
一、非谓语动词
1. 思维导图
2. 高考真题再现
一、2022年高考真题
1.（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the
GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
2.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously
unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________
(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
3.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first
step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
4（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in
Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
5（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike
back to Xi’an in five months.
6（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of
public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the
world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.7.（2022年新高考2卷）
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor
apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to
catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
8.（2022年新高考2卷）
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed
up ___39___ (see) them.
二、2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and
offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
2.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some
action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
4.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
5.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Activitithere range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low
impact on the natural environment.
6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard.7.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than
men and women in rural areas.
8.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income
and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
三、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 ． (find)
and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They represent the earth 63 ． (come) back to life and best wishes for new
beginnings.
3. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 ． (decorate) with red
envelopes and messages of good fortune.
4. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They are easy 68 ． (care) for and make great presents.
5. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 ． (find) the well-known
painter.
6. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 ．
(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
7.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟)
and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or 43 ． (walk)through a rainforest.8. (2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 ．
(change)lives.
9. (2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time
and，in dry areas， 63 ． (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
四、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed
only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.
2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be
congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…
3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___
(be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene
___declared__(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
5.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was
___a__ joke.
6.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help
wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查非谓语。 句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes
time to do sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中
只是在对宾语时间，用how long 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为to get。
7.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a
private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meetinginteresting locals.
8.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
9.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.
10.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the
two simple words “Be yourself”.
11.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public
awareness about environmental protection.
五、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink,
smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
2.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow
corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.
3.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly
into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
4.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was
shocked (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting
3. 考试技巧
语法填空解题策略
1. 巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别
(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(doing);
(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(done);(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等,
要想到用不定式形式(to do)。
2. 掌握非谓语动词的句型公式
It’s+形容词+(for/of sb. +)to do sth. ;It’s no good/use/pleasure doing sth. ;find/think/believe/consider+it+
adj. +to do sth. 。
3. 牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词
4. 巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语
动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等;
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非
谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式。
4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
1. 非谓语动词作主语的用法；
2. 非谓语动词作表语的用法；
3. 非谓语动词作定语的用法；
4. 非谓语动词作状语的用法；
5. 非谓语动词作宾语的用法；
6. 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。
考点1 基本用法
种类 形式 意义特征 功能
to do 主动、将来
to be done 被动、将来
作主语、宾语、表语、定
不定式 to be doing 主动、进行
语、同位语、状语和补语
to have done 主动、完成
to have been done 被动、完成
过去分词 done 被动、完成 作表语、状语、定语和补语
doing 主动、进行
作主语、宾语、表语、定
动词-ing being done 被动、进行
语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语
having done 主动、完成having been done 被动、完成
考点2 非谓语动词作主语
1. 动词-ing和不定式都可作主语，但动词-ing多表示一般情况，而不定式常指具体情况。
Teaching English is my job.
To write an email to the manager is my work today.
2. 动词-ing和不定式作主语时，句子前后应保持结构的一致性。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
3. “there be＋no＋主语”这种结构中通常用动词-ing作主语，而不用不定式。这种结构表示“不可能，
无法”，相当于“it is impossible to do sth.”。
There is no reasoning with him.
注意：本句型中的no有时可用not any或never any代替。如There is never any telling what will happen
in the future.
4. 不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。
To keep healthy is important.
＝It is important to keep healthy.
注意：It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth. 中adj.常为表示不定式行为性质的词(important, impossible, right等)，
如：It is impossible for a man to fly by himself. 而It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth.中adj.为表示人的品质的词(kind,
foolish, clever, wrong, wise, nice等)，如It is kind of you to help me with my English.
5. 动词-ing作主语用形式主语it代替时，常在特定结构It is worthwhile/no good/no use/a waste of...中使
用。
It is a waste of time regretting for the past.
6. 单个不定式、动词-ing作主语时谓语动词用单数；并列不定式或动词-ing作主语时若指整体概念，
谓语动词仍用单数。
To learn a foreign language well is not easy.
Taking exercise does good to your health.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
7. “疑问词＋to do”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。
Where to find the lost keys is still a problem.
I was wondering how to get there.My problem is when to change the plan.
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语
情况 常用动词
hope,want,offer,long(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,
只接不定式作宾语的动词
pretend,manage,agree,afford,determine,promise,happen
mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excus
e,appreciate,admit,keep,avoid,risk,resist,consider,can’t help,feel
like,succeed in,be fond of,object to,get down to,be engaged in,insist
只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语
on,think of,be proud of,take pride in,set about,be afraid of,be tired
of,look forward to,devote oneself to,be worth,be busy,pay attention
to,stick to
begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动
词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)
意义相同
need,want,require,deserve (接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若
接不定式则应用被动形式)
stop to do(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)
stop doing(停止正在做的事)
remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)
两者都可以
remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)
go on to do(接着做另外一件事)
意义不同
go on doing(接着做同一件事)
try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力做)
try doing(试着去做)
mean to do(打算做,企图做)
mean doing(意思是,意味着)
考点4 非谓语动词作表语
1. 不定式、动词-ing和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况，而动词-ing表示通常状况，动
词-ing和过去分词均表示主语的状态。
Tony’s plan is to finish his essay by the end of this month.
My favourite sport is playing volleyball.
The news is very exciting.
My jacket is worn out.
2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
My money is stolen. (主系表结构，表状态或结果，多为一般时态)My money was stolen by an unemployed guy. (被动语态表被动的动作)
3. 动词-ing作表语与进行时态的区别：
His favorite sport is playing football. (主系表结构)
His behavior is pleasing. (主系表结构)
He is playing football. (现在进行时)
4. 形容词化的过去分词和动词-ing
很多情感化的过去分词和动词-ing在使用中都已转化成为形容词，用作表语或状语。一般而言，动词-
ing表属性，过去分词表心理活动，常见的有：interest, move, touch, worry, inspire, encourage, disappoint,
please, satisfy, bore, tire, invite, puzzle, confuse, entertain, relax, amuse, amaze, surprise, astonish, shock,
embarrass, terrify, frighten, scare, discourage, annoy, exhaust等。
The pictures on the wall interest me.
The pictures on the wall are interesting.
I am interested in the pictures on the wall.
考点5 非谓语动词作状语
形式 类别 例句
My parents will be delighted to see you.(条件)
目的、原
不定式 因、条件、 I come here only to say good-bye to you.(目的)
结果
We’re proud to be young people of China.(原因)
Being a teacher,you should help your students in every way.(原因)
时间、原 He comes home late every evening,making his wife very angry.(结果)
因、结果、
Using your head,you’ll find a good way.(条件)
条件、让
动词-ing形式
步、行为方
Working so hard,he failed again.(让步)
式、伴随状
况 They eat using the fingers of their right hands.(方式)
He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴随)
Born in a poor family,Nadia had only two years of schooling.(原因)
When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.(时间)
时间、原 Some medicines,if wrongly taken,can kill a person.(条件)
因、条件、
Encouraged by his parents,he still has no confidence in overcoming the
过去分词 方式、伴
随、结果、
difficulties.(让步)
让步
The patient got off the bed,supported by the nurse.(方式)
The girl met with an accident when crossing the road,wounded in the head.(结
果)
考点6 非谓语动词作定语1. 单个动词-ing和过去分词作定语，应置于被修饰的名词前。
a sleeping boy(动词-ing作定语表示被修饰名词的性质或状态)
fallen leaves(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示结果)
the broken glass(及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成)
2. 动词-ing短语、过去分词短语和不定式作定语，应置于被修饰的名词之后。
The person speaking_now is our manager. (正在讲话)
The person to_speak is our manager. (将要讲话)
The room already_repaired is my office. (已经维修)
The room being_repaired is my office. (正在维修)
The room to_be_repaired is my office. (将要维修)
注意：①修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的词只能用不定式作定语。如：Lucy is always the first to come.
②在句型have/give/find/need/want＋宾语＋to do中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。如：I have a lot
of work to do today.
③There be句型中的非谓语动词作定语，表意如下：
There is much work to do /to be done. (将要做)
There is a white dog running on the playground. (正在跑)
There were people killed in the accident. (已经丧生)
④有些名词常接不定式作定语，如have the ability/the right/the chance/the courage/no time to do...
考点7 非谓语动词作补足语
形 与宾语的逻辑
常见动词 例句
式 关系及时间概念
wish,want,ask,require/
request,order,warn,allow/
permit,forbid,expect,remind,encour
age,inspire,call on,depend on(接带
We depend on you to help us out of
to的不定式作宾语补足语)
trouble.
see,hear,watch,feel,notice,look I made him do his work.
at等感官动词(词组)和 主谓关系(表主动)。
→He was made to do his work (by me).
let,make,have等使役动词后面,不 强调动作即将发生
定式作宾语补足语时要省略to。 或已经完成 They saw the boy fall suddenly off the
这样的动词可归纳为: tree.
五看:watch,see,look →The boy was seen to fall suddenly off
at,observe,notice; the tree.
三让:let,make,have;
二听:hear,listen to;一感觉:feel。
注意:当以上动词用于被动语
态的句子中时,to要还原
动词
主谓关系(表主
I found her listening to the radio when I
-ing 动)。强调动作正在
passed by.
形式 notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,hav
进行,尚未完成
e,feel
动宾关系(表被
过去
动)。动作已经完成, We found the village greatly changed.
分词
多强调状态
二、模拟演练
1.（2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
The 9, 000-plus volunteers at the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games have played ___51___vital role in
ensuring that all aspects of life for the sportsmen, both on and off the field of play, have gone ___52___(smooth).
To meet the diverse needs of the para ___53___(athlete) and all participants, the volunteers ___54___(go)
through a strict training program, which included training for basic medical and first-aid, how to use wheelchairs,
and the ___55___(guide) on when to provide assistance and ___56___to communicate best.
Liu An’ an is one of the volunteers to have also served at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games. Back then, Liu
was a sophomore student at university. Now, 14 years later, she is still at university but this time she acts
___57___a lecturer, leading a team of her own students as volunteers at Beijing 2022.
Liu has spent over 150 days training and ___58___(participate) in these Games. She is
___59___(responsibility) for the traffic permits of all sorts of transportation vehicles, and needs to coordinate with
over 100 different departments, including venues media, transportation and security.
“Becoming a volunteer ____60____has served both at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games and the Beijing 2022
Winter Games is a great honor for me, and I feel a strong sense of pride and responsibility,” said Liu.
2.（2022·山东·烟台二中模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An elderly woman who fell into an ____11____(ice) river was rescued thanks to the bravery of a bike
____12____(ride) who spotted her go under the cold water.Shi Lei was cycling on his way to work ____13____ he spotted the 70-year-old woman from a bridge. Other
eyewitnesses ____14____(call) the emergency services, but Mr Shi immediately jumped ____15____ his bike and
raced towards the water.
Mobile phone footage shows Mr Shi, 54, trying tirelessly ____16____(drag) the woman to safety. He had to
break the ice with his hands and later ____17____(join) by another man who managed to secure ____18____ rope
round Mr Shi.
After getting the woman to safety, Mr Shi took the woman back to her home with her relatives in the town of
Baoding, in northern China.
He told the South China Morning Post: “It was really ____19____(freeze) in the water, but I didn’t have time
to think about it at the time.” He added that after the woman _____20_____(safe) got home, he also went home,
took a shower, drank a bowl of ginger water and carried on with his work.
3.（2022·湖北·恩施土家族苗族高中二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jiang Huan didn’t understand his father’s decision to donate his organs until ____21____ organ donation
coordinator (协调员) told him that the transplant surgery was successful and had helped save a life.
Families of organ donors, alongside the receivers and coordinators, gather at the Chongqing Organ Donation
Memorial Park every Tomb Sweeping Day in memory of the dead for their ____22____ (generous). “It’s not how
much time you have ____23____ how you use it that matters,” says a card from a donor’s family presented at the
memorial park.
In 2010, China ____24____ (official) launched a national pilot program for human organ donation, which
gave rise ____25____ a lot of donation coordinators ike Zhou Lijuan. “Often, we are misunderstood, rejected, and
even abused by the family members. But the scenes of patients waiting for organ transplant opportunities always
come to my mind first,” says Zhou. She adds that the eagerness in the eyes of those patients ____26____
(motivate) her over the years to stand up for her duty.
A decade ago, Wan Ying, a patient ____27____ vision was damaged due to a kind of eye illness, received a
corneal (角膜) transplant thanks to a dead donor. “I was in ____28____ (urge) need of a suitable cornea, and my
family was almost desperate at that time,” Wan says. “I was lucky ____29____(give) the priority in receiving the
transplant as one of my family members was a ____30____ (register) donor who donated a cornea in 2005.”4.（2022·山东临沂·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ghaliya works for a national newspaper in Indonesia. Shortly after the pandemic hit Jakarta, her newspaper
started hearing from parents ____31____ wanted their children to study online but lacked a way to use the internet.
When the journalists announced their campaign to help these children through social media, the ____32____
（react）was overwhelming. Many people donated second-hand phones, ____33____ others gave cash donations.
In April, the journalists ____34____（collect）more than 200 mobile phones and donations of more than
$35,000. They used the money to buy more phones. They also paid for internet use for those needing it.
____35____（current）, nearly 300 phone have been given to students in and around Jakarta.
____36____（help）students take part in online schooling brings happiness to Ghaliya and her friends. “We
really hope the mobile phones can ____37____（use）as much as they can during the pandemic,” she said.
Qayran Ruby Al Maghribi had been using his father’s mobile phone to attend 5 video ____38____（call）a
week. But the 11-year-old boy couldn’t attend classed and felt greatly pressured when his father went to work. A
big smile appeared on his face when he received the donated mobile phone. “Now I see him ____39____
（comfortable）than before, and he can directly reach out ____40____ his friends and teacher,” Sayuti said.
5.（2022·山东潍坊·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Al Larson is known as “The Bluebird Man”. He first began his conservational labor of love after he read an
issue of National Geographic that detailed how building bird houses could help to stop their declining populations.
___41___(see) a bluebird going in and out of a dead tree on his property, Larson became inspired to start setting up
little boxes that could serve as nests ___42___bluebirds.
___43___started as a hobby to pursue in his retirement turned into a full-time effort and after almost four
decades of ___44___(devote), he has banded and documented over 30, 000 bluebirds, thanks ___45___(primary)
to the 350 birdhouses that he has built across southwest Idaho.
Since bluebirds live on dead or nearly-dead trees, their population began to decline when the invention of the
electric chainsaw (电锯) in the early 1900s ___46___(make) it easier for homeowners to remove the dead trees of
their properties, having their habitats ___47___(destroy).
But the efforts of Larson have shown us that if we take a moment ___48___(understand) the needs of a
species, the solution will present itself in ___49___practical and obtainable way.Now that he is nearing the age of 97, Larson shows no signs of slowing down. And up to now his inspiring
story ____50____(film) into the Emmy award-nominated documentary “Bluebird Man.”
6.（2021·全国·高考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the____1____ (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay
Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____2____ (think)it is
food.
I decided to do something ____3____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to
teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____4____
used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）.
I found the contact information of the company____5____ emailed its president. I told him how ____6____
(harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was
so____7____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic
straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I
wrote to ____8____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____9____ (represent) wrote back and told me the
airline was switching over _____10_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
7.阅读下面材料，
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
English perfectly shows the “network effects” of a global tongue: the more people use it, the more useful it is.
Parents expect their children 1 . (master)English, which is encouraging the 2 . (grow)of private schooling.
Education authorities are switching to English medium, in part to control the outflow(外流) of children into the
private sector.
Teaching children in English is fine if that is 3 . they speak at home and their parents are fluent 4 . it. But
that is not 5 . case in most public and low-cost private schools. Children are taught in a language they don’t
understand by teachers 6 . English is poor. The children learn neither English nor anything else.Research shows that children learn 7 . (much)when they are taught in their mother tongue than they do when
they are taught in any other language. In a study of children in 12 schools in Cameroon last month, those taught in
Kom 8 . (do)better than those taught in English in all subjects.
English should be an important subject at school, but not 9 . (necessary)the language of instruction. Rather
than switching to English-medium teaching, governments fearful of 10 . (lose) custom (光顾) to the private sector
should look at the many possible ways of improving public schools.
8.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pinyin is a successful tool, which 11 . (teach) in China to school kids. It is not merely used by westerners like
us. It has proved to be a useful tool for Chinese people 12 . (they) to learn standard pronunciation in their early
education.
The first step is to learn how 13 . (pronounce) each letter in pinyin correctly and the meaning of the tone
markers. Then you have to do 14 . (drill) as many as you can. Turn that into a game. It can be 15 . (much) fun
than you would expect. Start 16 . single syllables and do that a lot and then syllable pairs. Slowly move on to
larger groups. Understand the initial, final and the tones.
But most importantly, 17 . you need is good feedback. You’d better have someone that can correct your
mistakes immediately.
Find a native Chinese, 18 . can listen to you and correct you. If you take Chinese classes, the teacher will
19 . (probable) have you do drills every class. Do this very seriously.
If you are self-studying, try to meet native Chinese people and ask them to give you some feedback.
Otherwise, try to be self-critical and listen very carefully. Good 20 . (listen) is more than 50% of what it takes to
pronounce correctly.
9.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever met anyone of your age from America? Do you think you would have a lot 21 . common with
the middle school students there?
In fact, there are lots of 22 . (different). For example, classes in American schools are 23 . (small) than
ours. Most classes in America have no more than 30 students. Most students in the US don’t wear school uniforms,and they never do group exercises each day the way we do. 24 . we do exercises in the morning together will make
them surprised.
In fact, Chinese students and American students have very different lives.What’s the first thing you think
about when you get up in the morning? It’s 25 . (probable) your lessons at school. You may wonder 26 . you have
finished your homework. Chinese students are always under lots of pressure both at home 27 . at school. They
study hard at night, and sometimes even on weekends because exams are very important to them.
For Chinese students, school is life, but not for American students. They don’t have to worry about passing
exams all the time, so they can spend time in and out of school 28 . (do) things they enjoy. Students do different
things for fun. Playing sports, making music and surfing the website are all their favorite activities. Many American
teachers think that 29 . (study) hard isn’t enough to make good students. They encourage students 30 . (try) lots
of different things.
10.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three-quarters of the world's coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and usually use
harmful pesticides(杀虫剂) and 31 . (chemical) that poison the environment. When forests disappear, migratory
(迁徙的)songbirds disappear, too. In order to deal with increasing population and habitat 32 . (lose)，
Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification (证书).
Bird Friendly coffees are shade-grown, meaning the coffee is planted under trees, rather than on the land that
33 . (clear) of all other plants. Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste 34 . (good), because the beans ripen
slower than coffee grown in the full sun, 35 . (result) in a richer, more complex flavor (味道). Bird Friendly
certified coffees grow under bio-diverse shade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife,
stores carbon 36 . fights climate change. Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic, meaning they are grown
without pesticides, 37 . is better for people and for the planet.
Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for their crops. The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms
provide additional income 38 . farmers. Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee bought rewards these farmers with a
little more money for taking good care of the environment and encourages them to continue 39 . (protect) Bird
Friendly habitat.
You can buy Bird Friendly certified coffees throughout the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every
cup. Find a store or cafe near you, or better yet, have it 40 . (deliver) to your door when you order online.
