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寒假作业 05 可数名词与不可数名词
可数名词与不可数名词
普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
一、可数名词
定义：可以按个数计算的名词，叫可数名词。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
注意：可数名词可以用具体的数词来修饰，也可以用“数词＋计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 可数名词的复数形式”
来表示。如：three apples三个苹果；two bags of watermelons两袋西瓜
① 指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式,在名词直接加a或an ，表示一个:a banana
② 指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式:
其复数形式在词尾加-s/es(特殊情况除外) two bananas
名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：
【巧学妙记】
(一) 规则变化：
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s
book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days
2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es
bus → buses glass → glasses box → boxes
dish → dishes watch → watches
3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es
city → cities body → bodies factory → factories
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为ves
half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives
5.以o 结尾的名词，有生命的加es，没生命的加s
tomato — tomatoes ,potato— potatoes photo — photos radio--radios
【注】以o 结尾的名词，加es 的有
【记】 黑人（Negro → Negroes） 英雄 （hero →heroes ）
爱吃土豆（Potato → potatoes） 和西红柿 （tomato →tomatoes）
【注】以o 结尾的名词，加s 的有
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司【记】 我听广播(radio→ radios)， 也看到电视录像( video→ videos)，
说动物园( zoo→ zoo)里的袋鼠(kangaroo→ kangaroos) 弹着钢琴(piano→ pianos)吸引游客来照相
（二） 不规则变化
【单复数同形】： 1.sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形
2. people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；
【单复数不同形】：
1. child → children
2. man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律：man → men)
3. foot → feet tooth → teeth
二、不可数名词：
（一） 定义：不能按个数来计算的名词，叫不可数名词。
注意：不可数名词没有复数形式，表示量时用“数词 ＋ 计量名词 ＋ of ＋ 不可数名词”结构。如：a
cup of milk一杯牛奶
（二）、 不可数名词的用法：
1.不可数名词没有复数形式，不能和a/an连用；
2. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。
不可数名词表示量的概念，有两种方式：
（1）用much, a little , a lot of/ lots of. some , any 等表示多少
I don’t want any advice, I want some information
(2) 用a piece of 这类短语：
a bottle of orange, a glass of water/milk, a cup of tea.
如果要表示“两杯茶” “三杯水”等概念时，在容器后加复数
注意：
可数名词的量可以用how many提问；不可数名词的量可以用how much提问。
some，any，a lot of，lots of等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。
既是可数名词，又是不可数名词。
（1）fish用作可数名词，指鱼的条数时单数和复数形式相同，如：one fish一条鱼，two fish两条鱼；指鱼
的种类时其复数形式为fishes，如：two fishes 两种鱼。fish用作不可数名词时，意思是＂鱼肉＂。
（2）room用作可数名词时意思是＂房间＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂空间；余地＂。
☞ We had better find a room to live in. 我们最好找个房间住下。
☞ Can you make room for the old woman, young man? 年轻人，你能给老太太让个地方吗?
（3）chicken用作可数名词时意为＂(小)鸡＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂鸡肉＂。
（4）orange用作可数名词时意为＂橘子，橙子＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂橘汁，橙汁＂。
（5）hair用作可数名词时指＂单根的(人或动物的)毛发＂；用作不可数名词时指＂毛发＂的总称。
（6）work用作可数名词时意为＂著作；作品＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂工作；职业＂。
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司（7）exercise用作可数名词时意为＂练习；作业；体操＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂运动，(体育)锻炼
＂。
（8）time用作可数名词时意为＂次数，倍数＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂时间＂。
（9）glass用作可数名词时意为＂玻璃杯＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂玻璃＂。
（10）paper用作可数名词时意为＂考卷，论文，报纸＂；用作不可数名词时意为＂纸，纸张＂。
三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型
1．Mom bought some ________ and vegetables. She also needs to buy two bottles of ________.
A．potatos; milk B．potatoes; milks
C．potatoes; milk D．potatos; milks
2．—I want to make stir-fried eggs and tomatoes. ________ sugar do I need?
—You need ________ sugar.
A．How many; two spoons of B．How much; two spoon of
C．How much; two spoons of D．How many; two spoon of
3．Our English teacher gave us some ________ on how to remember new words better.
A．suggestion B．suggestions C．idea D．advices
4．—Mum, I’m hungry.
—There are ________ on the table. You can have one.
A．two apples B．two apple C．an apple D．a apple
5．Five international students form our group. Two of them are ________ and three of them are ________.
A．Japaneses; Germen B．Japanese; Germen C．Japanese; Germans D．Japaneses; German
6．Su Bingtian became one of ________ in Asia.
A．the fastest runner B．the fastest runners C．faster runners D．the faster runners
7．—There ________ no salt at home. Remember to buy ________ this afternoon.
—OK, Dad!
A．is; two bags of salt B．is; two bag of salt
C．are; two bag of salt D．are; two bags of salt
8．You should put ________ and a cup of yogurt into the blender.
A．two teaspoon of sugar B．a teaspoon of sugar
C．two teaspoons of sugars D．a teaspoon of sugars
9．It will be ________ tomorrow, so there will be a lot of ________ tomorrow.
A．rain; rain B．rainy; rain C．rain; rainy D．rainy; rainy
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司10．My mom was carrying some ________ at that time.
A．pieces of paper B．piece of paper C．pieces of papers D．pieces paper
11．It’s time to have lunch. I’d like to have some ________ and ________.
A．chicken; vegetable B．chickens; vegetables
C．chicken; vegetables D．chickens; vegetable
12．I have a lot of ________ today. I need to finish three difficult ________ before 5 o’clock.
A．work; tasks B．tasks; work C．job; tasks D．tasks; job
13．Sailing across the Atlantic is quite ________, but for those who haven’t ________ in sailing, that is very
dangerous.
A．an experience; many of experiences B．an experience; much experience
C．experience; much experience D．experience; many experiences
14．Can you give me ________ on it?
A．some pieces of advices B．any piece of advices
C．any piece of advice D．some pieces of advice
15．There’s nothing in the fridge. Let’s go and buy ________ and ________.
A．two kilos of pork; three breads B．a few pork; some carrots
C．a few tomatoes; two kilos of meat D．two boxes of egg; many beef
16．The tourist with great ________ had several exciting ________ during his visit to Africa.
A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experience
C．experiences; experience D．experience; experiences
17．Some students in our school hardly take ________, so our head master asks us to do morning ________ every
day.
A．exercises; exercises B．exercise; exercise
C．exercises; exercise D．exercise; exercises
18．There is some ________ in your drawer. You can correct the mistakes in your ________ on it.
A．paper; papers B．papers; papers C．paper; a paper D．papers; paper
19．My mother keeps many __________, but she never eats ___________.
A．chickens; chicken B．chicken; chicken
C．chicken; chickens D．chickens; chickens
20．My grandfather has a farm. And there are many ________ on it.
A．sheep B．rabbit C．chicken D．duck
21．The ________ dentists are helping people with their ________ problems.
A．man; tooth B．man; teeth C．men; tooth D．men; teeth
22．She ________ hens and pigs with her ________ last Sunday night.
A．fed; children B．feed; children C．feed; child D．fed; childs
23．—What can you see in the picture?
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司—Ten ________ and 5 ________ as well.
A．sheeps; deers B．sheep; deer C．sheeps; deer D．sheep; deers
24．I can see some ________ in the river.
A．goose B．gooses C．geese D．geeses
25．There are four ________ and two ________ in the group.
A．Japanese; Germen B．Japaneses; Germen C．Japanese; Germans D．Japaneses; Germans
一、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Jake always felt lonely when he started his junior high. He wasn’t sure 1 he could make friends.
He thought the best way was to be 2 .
At lunch, he saw a new boy sitting alone at the table and 3 . “Hey, can I sit here?” he asked.
“Sure, I’m Alex,” he 4 with a smile.
“I’m Jake. Are you new?”
Alex nodded. “Yeah. 5 , I have moved here. I don’t know anybody.”
Jake thought this was a good 6 to make a new friend to become popular. “I know how that feels.
What 7 do you like?”
“Basketball is my thing.” Alex’s face lit up.
As they spent time together, Jake found that Alex was a boy with good 8 . He was polite to people
around and 9 arguing with others. Little by little, Jake forgot to make 10 popular but started
to help around with Alex.
One day, Alex was stressed 11 he didn’t play well in the basketball game. Jake listened patiently
and told jokes to 12 Alex up. Alex said, “Thanks. I’m so lucky to have a friend 13 you.”
Soon, Jake started to volunteer at a local hospital. Jake felt so 14 to be a good friend and help others.
He finally learned that the best way to make friends was to think more of others and 15 of himself.
People liked him because he was kind, and he never felt lonely again.
1．A．when B．where C．how D．why
2．A．brave B．creative C．popular D．successful
3．A．gave up B．walked over C．looked up D．climbed over
4．A．jumped B．replied C．doubted D．returned
5．A．Finally B．Simply C．Recently D．Suddenly
6．A．chance B．message C．example D．advantage
7．A．food B．music C．colour D．sport
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司8．A．dreams B．choices C．hobbies D．qualities
9．A．avoided B．enjoyed C．practised D．remembered
10．A．myself B．himself C．herself D．yourself
11．A．but B．and C．because D．although
12．A．fix B．kick C．make D．cheer
13．A．of B．like C．for D．without
14．A．angry B．nervous C．satisfied D．comfortable
15．A．less B．better C．more D．faster
二、阅读理解
A
“Oh, dear! I can hardly remember the first time we ate at this restaurant,” said Sari Hausler to her husband.
“I can.” said their son Jake, “January 19th, 2018. It was a Saturday night.”
Jake is only fifteen years old. However, he has better memories than most people would have in ten
lifetimes. He remembers the results of every football game he has watched. Gracie, their pet dog, he says, has hit
(打) him with her tail 31 times. He can also tell you where every item (商品)in the nearby supermarket is.
But it’s not always a good thing. For example, Jake can’t forget the mistakes he’s made. ________ Another
problem is that Jake’s teachers don’t like him. They call the boy a “know-it-all”. In class, when the teacher asks
about a fact, Jake is always the first to give the answer. “I try to keep quiet. However, sometimes I just can’t help
but do it.” the boy says.
Although remembering so much information brings him trouble, Jake likes his superpower. “A super
memory is cool, isn’t it?” he says.
16．What can Jake NOT remember?
A．When his parents first met each other.
B．Where every item in the nearby supermarket is.
C．How many times Gracie has hit him.
D．What mistakes he has ever made before.
17．Which sentence can be put in ________.
A．He hates his good memory so much.
B．He feels sorry about them and often gets unhappy.
C．He doesn’t know why he always makes so many mistakes.
D．While he can’t remember good things he did.
18．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Jake began to show his superpower when he was fifteen.
B．It might be very hard for Jake to forget bad memories.
C．Jake’s teachers dislike him because he knows more than them.
D．Jake sometimes has a poor memory and needs others’ help.
19．What might Jake think of his special talent?
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司A．Boring and useless. B．Natural and common.
C．Magic but scary. D．Troublesome but cool.
20．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Happy memories in Jake’s life. B．A “know-it-all” trouble.
C．A boy’s unusual memory. D．How to own better memories.
B
阅读短文及文后的A~F选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整，并在答
题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Life is not perfect. It never has been and never will be. We often complain (抱怨) about the weather, the
traffic, and the dying flowers in our yard. We complain about boring soap operas, lost keys, and late planes. 21
Here are some useful steps to help you complain less:
Know the importance of accepting the change. 22 If we have a choice, most of us would not
like to waste our life with our complaining words.
23 Life is not always going to be like what we expect. There will always be trouble. And the
sooner we accept the real world around us, the sooner we can embrace the fact that our contribution (贡献) is far
more needed than our pleasure.
Don’t begin conversations with a complaint. Often, when we talk with a complaint, we’ll begin
complaining for a long time too. So, try not to begin conversations with a complaint. 24
Notice your triggers (起因). 25 Morning, evening, or late afternoon? When you are drinking
coffee or lunch with your friends? Maybe it is around the dinner table with your family? Take notice. Then, avoid
triggers if possible.
Complaining is always meaningless in our lives. We will live more happily without it. Look forward! Let’s
embrace the lovely world!
A．Can any complaint help solve the problem?
B．Understand the real world which is not perfect.
C．How can we begin to change the habit of complaining?
D．Is there a time of the day you want to complain more than others?
E．And try showing your happiness to others with your opening words instead.
F．Many of us complain only because we never considered there may be a better way.
三、短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hello! I am Jerry. I am 26 11-year-old boy. I like dumplings very much. Do you like dumplings?
The dumpling is one of the 27 (traditional) foods in China. The people in a family often get together to
make dumplings on New Year’s Eve. Yesterday I 28 (decide) to make this delicious food for my family.
First, some meat, one cabbage and one carrot were necessary. Second, to go with the dumpling filling (馅),
my mum taught me to cut 29 the meat and vegetables so that I could 30 (easy) make the
dumpling filling with those pieces by adding some salt and pepper. Third, I put the finished flavourful 31
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司(mix) in a bowl. Fourth, I started making the dough, which turned out 32 (soft) than I expected after
kneading (揉) it thoroughly (彻底). Fifth, I cut the dough into small pieces 33 made them into round
ones. Sixth, I put the filling in the centre of a dumpling wrapper one by one, and then folded them up. Finally, I put
the dumplings into the pot and cook them for a few minutes. In this way, I cooked delicious dumplings by 34
(my).
I find it an interesting experience 35 (make) dumplings.
阅读语篇，用自己的语言概括并补全概要中所缺信息，在空白处填入一个恰当的词块或句子。
Are your parents often angry with you? Or do you always disagree (不同意) with your parents? Maybe the
relationships (关系) between you and them are terrible. Do you want to improve the situations? If so, you can think
about the following ways.
Respect (尊重). It’s important to show your respect and care about your parents’ feelings. Though you have
disagreements, at least try to know about whatever they are trying to tell you. You shouldn’t keep your own
thoughts only.
Communication (交流). You can communicate with your parents. You may not get what you want, but
explaining your thoughts in a calm way may help work out the problem.
Trust (信任). How can your parents build trust in you? It depends on what you do. For example, if you get
home late without calling first, next time your parents may not believe you. To win their trust, you should pay
attention to the ways you do things.
Spend time together (共度时光). Some teenagers find that sharing time together can improve their
relationships with parents. Your parents may be interested in going shopping, hanging out and playing cards with
you. So you should spend time with your parents. And it will drive away the “black cloud” hanging over your
home.
Your parents give all their love to you. Why not try these ways actively to own a happy family as you want?
If you always have disagreements with parents, your relationships may be terrible. But here are several ways
to help you 1 . First, show them respect by 2 instead of only keeping your own thoughts.
Second, 3 . Third, do some things to 4 . Finally, spend time with them. You will have a happy
family if you try these ways actively.
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